CN103439204A - Rock hardness measuring method and measuring apparatus - Google Patents
Rock hardness measuring method and measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103439204A CN103439204A CN2013103851487A CN201310385148A CN103439204A CN 103439204 A CN103439204 A CN 103439204A CN 2013103851487 A CN2013103851487 A CN 2013103851487A CN 201310385148 A CN201310385148 A CN 201310385148A CN 103439204 A CN103439204 A CN 103439204A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hardness
- rock
- electric drill
- bracket
- drill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 70
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pentyl]1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=1C(CCC)CN1C=NC=N1 WKBPZYKAUNRMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052652 orthoclase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011031 topaz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052853 topaz Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012770 industrial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rock hardness measuring method and a measuring apparatus, belonging to the technical field of rock and soil mechanics basic theory and application. The rock hardness measuring method is used for solving the defect that the precision for people to measure the rock hardness is poor, and comprises the steps of: by virtue of a relationship among equal penetrating power, penetrating time and penetrating action quantity, obtaining a novel rock hardness formula as follows: A=F Delta t, A1=F Delta (t1). The measuring apparatus corresponding to the rock hardness measuring method comprises a bracket, wherein a tray with a drill hole is arranged on the bottom of the bracket; an electric drill is arranged inside the bracket; the electric drill is arranged on the bracket by a coupling shaft; a drill bit is arranged on the electric drill by a spring; an electronic meter is arranged on the electric drill; the electric drill and the electronic meter are controlled by a switch button arranged on the drill bit. According to the invention, a problem that the existing rock mineral hardness measurement is rough is solved on the basis that interaction about action is a quantitative theory of a phenomenon, thereby having important significance in developing and perfecting basic theory science, basic theory application science and geotechnical engineering science.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock hardness measuring method and a measuring instrument, belonging to the technical field of rock-soil mechanics basic theory and application.
Background
The problem of the method for measuring the hardness of the mineral rock is one of the most basic problems in rock mechanics and mineralogy, and whether the relation between the hardness of the mineral rock and the detection effect can be correctly known is the key for determining whether the scientific method for detecting, analyzing and calculating the hardness of the mineral rock can be correctly mastered.
Hardness is not only used to measure mechanical properties of minerals, but is also commonly used to measure hardness properties of rock and industrial materials. Hardness is a property that reflects the ability of a material to resist the action of pressure, abrasion and the like, and is a characteristic that reflects the law of the relationship between the action quantity borne by the material and the deformation quantity generated under the action of the material.
At present, the methods adopted by people for researching the hardness of minerals and rocks have certain defects. Such as the mohs method (mohs hardness meter), the range of hardness of minerals and rocks is roughly determined by scoring the mineral to be measured with minerals of known hardness (such as talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond). That is, the surface of the mineral to be scored was observed for the presence of a notch, and if there was a notch, the hardness of the sample to be scored was higher than that of the mineral having a known hardness (durometer). For example, if a mineral is capable of being carved by quartz but not feldspar, the hardness of the mineral must be between 6 and 7, and the hardness of the mineral can be approximately 6.5. The hardness detection, analysis and calculation method has the advantages of generality and inaccuracy.
In general, most minerals, rocks are unstable, the same, but taken from different crustal locations, and their hardness will vary due to the effects they experience and the history of weathering. For example, rock formations of the same mineral composition have variable hardness from the surface to a certain depth, and the surface with strong weathering has low hardness and the deep with low weathering has high hardness. Only a portion of the minerals are less affected by the degree of efflorescence. That is, the hardness of mineral rocks is uncertain, the method and apparatus for measuring hardness should have accuracy, various hardness changes should be measured, and small differences in hardness should be measured, that is, differences in hardness between ten kinds of mineral hardness, i.e., talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, and diamond, should be accurately measured. However, the conventional method and apparatus for measuring the hardness of mineral rocks are difficult to achieve. In addition, the hardness is a mechanical property of rock minerals, and the measuring method of the hardness is unified with the measuring method of the rock mechanical property, but the unified rule can not be reflected by the traditional hardness measuring and measuring method. This deficiency greatly reduces the practical range of applications for the hardness parameter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rock hardness measuring method and a measuring instrument aiming at the defect that the accuracy of rock hardness measurement is poor.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a rock hardness measuring method features that the relation between equal penetrating power, penetrating time and penetrating action is used to obtain the hardness of rock
A ═ F Δ t, a1＝FΔt1(ii) a Wherein,
t represents the relative hardness of the mineral with the standard hardness of the same thickness, and is called the hardness of the rock for short;
f represents isopenetrating power;
a represents the penetration amount of the standard hardness minerals with equal thickness;
A1representing the penetration action amount of the rock with the same thickness and hardness to be measured;
Δ t represents the penetration time of the standard hardness minerals of equal thickness;
△t1in the penetration of rocks of uniform thickness and hardness to be measuredAnd (3) removing the solvent.
The rock hardness measuring instrument comprises a support, wherein a tray with a drilled hole is arranged at the bottom of the support; an electric drill is arranged in the bracket and is arranged on the bracket through a coupling, and a drill bit is arranged on the electric drill through a spring; the electric drill is provided with an electronic instrument, and the electric drill and the electronic instrument are controlled by a switch button arranged on the drill bit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: based on the quantitative theory that the action is a phenomenon in the action science, the method solves the problem of rough measurement of the hardness of the existing rock mineral, and has important significance for the development and the perfection of basic theory science, basic theory application science and geotechnical engineering science.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Furthermore, the electric drill is arranged on the bracket through a lifting rod and a supporting frame; and the bottom of the tray is provided with a support leg.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the height of the electric drill is adjusted in a micro-scale mode by adjusting the lifting rod; due to the arrangement of the supporting legs, the supporting legs do not need to be supported by other structures when in use, and the use is more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the tray of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a coupling; 2. an electric drill; 3. a support frame; 4. a lifting rod; 5. an electronic instrument; 6. a spring; 7. a switch button; 8. a drill bit; 9. a support leg; 10. a tray; 11. drilling; 12. and (4) a bracket.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A rock hardness measuring method features that the relation between equal penetrating power, penetrating time and penetrating action is used to obtain the hardness of rock
A ═ F Δ t, a1＝FΔt1(ii) a Wherein,
t represents the relative hardness of the mineral with the standard hardness of the same thickness, and is called the hardness of the rock for short;
f represents isopenetrating power;
a represents the penetration amount of the standard hardness minerals with equal thickness;
A1representing the penetration action amount of the rock with the same thickness and hardness to be measured;
Δ t represents the penetration time of the standard hardness minerals of equal thickness;
△t1the penetration time of a rock of equal thickness of hardness to be measured is indicated.
The rock hardness measuring instrument comprises a support 12, wherein a tray 10 with a drill hole 11 is arranged at the bottom of the support 12, and supporting legs 9 are arranged at the bottom of the tray 10; an electric drill 2 is arranged in the support 12, the electric drill 2 is mounted on the support 12 through a coupling 1, and a drill bit 8 is arranged on the electric drill 2 through a spring 6; the electric drill 2 is provided with an electronic instrument 5, and the electric drill 2 and the electronic instrument 5 are controlled by a switch button 7 arranged on a drill bit 8.
When the electric drill 2 is manufactured, the electric drill is arranged on the bracket 12 through the lifting rod 4 and the support frame 3.
When the method and the instrument are used, corundum is taken as a standard reference object, and the Mohs hardness is measuredIn the column, the hardness of corundum is noted as 9, whereas in the present invention, the hardness of corundum is noted as 0.9. The revolution is fixed, the revolution does not need to be too large, and 1200 revolutions per minute can be achieved; the diameter of the drill bit 8 is 4 mm; an electronic instrument 5 for timing is arranged on the electric drill 2 and is provided with a switch button 7 for simultaneously starting and closing the electric drill 2 and the timing instrument 5, namely, the electric drill 2 starts to work, and the timing instrument 5 starts to run; when the electric drill 2 stops drilling, the timing instrument 5 stops running immediately; the drilling holes 11 on the tray 10 are arranged to control the drill bit 8 to freely extend and retract within a certain range. The rock slice of measured hardness is placed in the borehole 11 of the tray 10 below the drill bit 8. When the drill bit 8 works, the drill bit 8 is compressed and retracted, so that the switch button 7 is pushed to start the electric drill 2 and the timing instrument 5 to run, when a rock slice is penetrated, the retraction pressure is suddenly reduced, the drill bit 8 is pushed by the pressure of the spring 6 to immediately extend forwards, the switch button 7 is closed, and the timing instrument 5 stops working immediately. This makes it possible to easily read the start and end times of the effective operation of the drill 2. In the measurement of hardness, the rock to be measured is ground into a slice of a certain standard thickness, and then the slice is drilled through by the electric drill 2 to obtain the starting time t of the running of the timing instrument 510And shutdown time t1tAnd further obtains the time deltat for the operation of the electric drill 21＝t1t-t10The hardness of the rock mineral species represented by the lamella is then calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, Deltat represents the equal-thickness drilling-through time of the standard hardness rock mineral. In order to determine the value of equal-thickness drilling-through time delta t of standard hardness rock mineral, corundum is selected as a test object, the corundum is ground into a standard-thickness sheet, and the drilling-through time delta t of the standard-thickness sheet is measured1Then according toTo calculate the value of the equal thickness drilling-through time Deltat for obtaining the standard hardness rock mineral, namely
With the value of delta t, the hardness of any rock mineral can be measured by using the hardness measuring method, the hardness measuring instrument and the hardness measuring formula. I.e. the hardness of any material is
Obviously, corundum is defined as a standard hardness mineral, and other hardnesses are relative to corundum.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A rock hardness measuring method is characterized in that: the new formula of the hardness of the rock is obtained by the relationship among equal penetrating power, penetrating time and penetrating action amount
A ═ F Δ t, a1＝FΔt1(ii) a Wherein,
t represents the relative hardness of the mineral with the standard hardness of the same thickness, and is called the hardness of the rock for short;
f represents isopenetrating power;
a represents the penetration amount of the standard hardness minerals with equal thickness;
A1representing the penetration action amount of the rock with the same thickness and hardness to be measured;
Δ t represents the penetration time of the standard hardness minerals of equal thickness;
△t1the penetration time of a rock of equal thickness of hardness to be measured is indicated.
2. A rock hardness measuring instrument, characterized in that: comprises a bracket (12), wherein the bottom of the bracket (12) is provided with a tray (10) with a drilling hole (11); an electric drill (2) is arranged in the support (12), the electric drill (2) is mounted on the support (12) through a coupling (1), and a drill bit (8) is arranged on the electric drill (2) through a spring (6); the electric drill is characterized in that an electronic instrument (5) is arranged on the electric drill (2), and the electric drill (2) and the electronic instrument (5) are controlled by a switch button (7) arranged on the drill bit (8).
3. The rock hardness measuring instrument according to claim 2, wherein: the electric drill (2) is arranged on the bracket (12) through the lifting rod (4) and the support frame (3).
4. A rock hardness measuring instrument according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the bottom of the tray (10) is provided with a support leg (9).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310385148.7A CN103439204B (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2013-08-29 | A kind of formation hardness assay method and determining instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310385148.7A CN103439204B (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2013-08-29 | A kind of formation hardness assay method and determining instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103439204A true CN103439204A (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| CN103439204B CN103439204B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
Family
ID=49692904
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310385148.7A Expired - Fee Related CN103439204B (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2013-08-29 | A kind of formation hardness assay method and determining instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103439204B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106501110A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-15 | 杨娇仔 | A kind of rare earth ore rigidity detection device |
| CN108387469A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-10 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of ground sample hardness tester |
| CN119715213A (en) * | 2024-12-09 | 2025-03-28 | 华润水泥技术研发（广西）有限公司 | Method for detecting hardness and strength of interior of aerated concrete blank body and speed insert rod for detection |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09126978A (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 1997-05-16 | Ohbayashi Corp | Miniature drill testing method |
| CN101949259A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-01-19 | 肖双喜 | Multifunctional shale electric drill |
| CN202305355U (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-07-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Rock abrasiveness testing device |
| CN202735174U (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2013-02-13 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Efficient shale hardness testing instrument |
| CN202861446U (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-04-10 | 浙江师范大学 | Full-automatic drill lathe |
-
2013
- 2013-08-29 CN CN201310385148.7A patent/CN103439204B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09126978A (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 1997-05-16 | Ohbayashi Corp | Miniature drill testing method |
| CN101949259A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2011-01-19 | 肖双喜 | Multifunctional shale electric drill |
| CN202305355U (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-07-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Rock abrasiveness testing device |
| CN202861446U (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2013-04-10 | 浙江师范大学 | Full-automatic drill lathe |
| CN202735174U (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2013-02-13 | 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 | Efficient shale hardness testing instrument |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106501110A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-03-15 | 杨娇仔 | A kind of rare earth ore rigidity detection device |
| CN106501110B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-12-04 | 张育栋 | A kind of rare earth ore rigidity detection device |
| CN108387469A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-10 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of ground sample hardness tester |
| CN119715213A (en) * | 2024-12-09 | 2025-03-28 | 华润水泥技术研发（广西）有限公司 | Method for detecting hardness and strength of interior of aerated concrete blank body and speed insert rod for detection |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103439204B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Yılmaz et al. | Correlation of Schmidt hardness with unconfined compressive strength and Young's modulus in gypsum from Sivas (Turkey) | |
| Shi et al. | Modeling the viscoelasticity of shale by nanoindentation creep tests | |
| CN103278614B (en) | Method and device for correcting dynamic and static rock mechanical parameters | |
| Aydin et al. | The Schmidt hammer in rock material characterization | |
| CN101892837B (en) | Formation factor determining method and oil saturation determining method | |
| Du et al. | Measurement of joint roughness coefficient by using profilograph and roughness ruler | |
| CN102175769B (en) | Nondestructive detection method for mechanical properties of larch component material of historic building | |
| CA2653968A1 (en) | Method of formation fracture dimensions | |
| CN104677734A (en) | Multi-scale information integration tight formation brittleness index measuring method | |
| CN108710759B (en) | Method for judging impact tendency by measuring softening modulus index of coal body on site | |
| CN103439204B (en) | A kind of formation hardness assay method and determining instrument | |
| Li et al. | A rock physics model for estimating elastic properties of upper Ordovician-lower Silurian mudrocks in the Sichuan Basin, China | |
| CN202074926U (en) | Groove depth measuring apparatus | |
| CN207540916U (en) | A kind of device for drawing the novel curve of rock core relative hardness | |
| CN105021113A (en) | A multifunctional depth measuring device | |
| CN101377079A (en) | Method for measuring foundation bed coefficient indoor | |
| Erguler et al. | Estimation of uniaxial compressive strength of clay-bearing weak rocks using needle penetration resistance | |
| CN205066640U (en) | Thickness gauge is spread to pitch pine | |
| CN105387790A (en) | Thickness gauge with replaceable probe and test method | |
| CN211855150U (en) | Asphalt pavement construction loose paving thickness detector | |
| CN208505664U (en) | A kind of geotechnical engineering investigation borehole depth measuring device for fetching water | |
| CN106610361A (en) | Material hardness unification and comparison research method and hardmeter | |
| CN101825424A (en) | High-temperature and high-pressure small-size length measuring device | |
| CN115753381B (en) | A method for detecting strength of altered rock belt | |
| CN205580352U (en) | Novel inclined hole degree of depth and angular surveying device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160518 Termination date: 20170829 |