CN103487407A - Device for measuring luminance coefficient distribution of pavement paving material - Google Patents
Device for measuring luminance coefficient distribution of pavement paving material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed material reflection property measurement device for measuring a change rule of the luminance coefficient of a pavement material along the incident direction of light. According to the device, the luminance coefficient of the pavement material is a luminance value of unit luminance accepted by a pavement and reflected in the sight direction of a driver, is relevant with the direction of an incident light and is necessary basic data for pavement illumination design. The device comprises a light source rotating mechanism, a rack (8), a luminance meter (3), a sample position adjusting table (9), a light source (1) and a motor control circuit, wherein the rack (8) is used for supporting the luminance meter and a measured sample; the light source (1) is mounted on one side of a transverse shaft rotating arm (10), and the other side of the transverse shaft rotating arm (10) is mounted on a transverse shaft of a motor assembly (4) mounted at an endpoint of one side of a vertical shaft rotating arm (11); the transverse shaft rotating arm (10) can rotate in the latitude direction under the driving of the motor assembly (4); one side of the vertical shaft rotating arm (11) is mounted on a vertical shaft of the motor assembly (4) and can rotate by 360 degrees in the longitude direction. The device with the solution scheme disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, small occupied space, usability of multiple light sources and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reflective character of measuring the paving material, when especially a kind of measurement observer sight line becomes fixed angle with road surface, the road surface luminance factor is with the distributed reflection characteristic measurement mechanism of light incident direction Changing Pattern.
Background technology
Owing to there being huge energy-saving potential, the new light sources such as light emitting diode (Light Emitting Diode, LED) obtain application more and more widely in road lighting.After the LED street lamp occurs, how in energy-conservation, to improve the road lighting quality and obtain concern in many ways.The purpose of road lighting is that to make the target on road surface be driver's finding by illuminating road surface and surrounding environment thereof, to increase security, flow and the comfortableness of road traffic.Two factors are depended in the road surface brightness that the driver experiences, and the street lamp of irradiation road and ground surface material are to Street Light Illumination reflection of light characteristic.We observe road surface has certain brightness to be because the light that street lamp sends has entered human eye after the ground surface material reflection.
At present, international road lighting evaluation index is: road surface mean flow rate, luminance uniformity and longitudinal uniformity.In the road Lighting Design process, needing distributes road lamp light distribution to combine with the luminance factor of ground surface material could realize accurately, reasonably design.The luminance factor of ground surface material is the brightness value that material surface unit illumination produces, i.e. luminance factor q=L/E, the L (cd/m of unit
2) brightness while for material surface illumination, being E (lx of unit).The reflection characteristic of q and material itself, the incident direction of illumination light and observer's direction of visual lines is relevant.The luminance factor when luminance factor of ground surface material refers to that observer's sight line becomes 1 ° of angle with road surface.The angle of sight line and road plane when this angle is observed about 86m place, road the place ahead corresponding to high 1.5m place, driver's eye distance ground.After the sight line inclination angle is fixing, the luminance factor of ground surface material is by the incident angle γ of main and illuminating ray, and plane of light incidence is relevant with the angle β of observer's sightingpiston.Only have accurate understanding road reflection characteristic can optimize luminous intensity distribution design and the lamp stand configuration of street lamp, for road user provides safe, comfortable, energy-conservation lighting environment.
The parameters such as the composition that gathers materials on luminance factor and the road surface of mating formation, grating grade are closely related.The material that various countries, each department road construction are used depends on local actual conditions, so the luminance factor of ground surface material and Regionalization.For actual measurement road reflection characteristic, U.S. application for a patent for invention US7298487B2 " Method and Apparatus for Measuring Light Reflections of an Object " discloses implementation method and the device of a kind of measurement road surface sign and ground surface material luminance factor, but the luminance factor of this method and apparatus special angle while only can the measured automobiles headlight illuminating road surface.In the time of can't measuring illumination light from half spherical space any direction incident, luminance factor is with the variation of incident angle.U.S. Patent application US787275382, " Method and apparatus for establishing reflection properties of a surface " discloses a kind of road surface luminance factor measurement mechanism, but this device can only provide the measurement data at 5 light source inclination angles, be applicable to on-the-spot rough estimation, can't meet comprehensively accurately measuring of road pavement material luminance factor.
In sum, the luminance factor of road surface pavement material in the time of can accurately measuring illumination light from each different directions incident in the urgent need to a kind of distributed measurement device in actual applications, for the reasonable cloth lamp of the design of the optimal light distribution of street lamp and street lamp provides design considerations accurately.The present invention realizes in half spherical space the incident light of beta, gamma angle arbitrarily by the rotation light source, can be faster, the luminance factor of measurement road paving material all sidedly.
Summary of the invention
When estimating the ground surface material luminance factor, the surface of general provision observer's sight line and sample (2) is 1 ° of angle.On road surface, each point is with respect to the position difference of street lamp, and the direction of illumination of street lamp road pavement each point is not identical yet.In order accurately to calculate the road surface Luminance Distribution that street lamp illumination produces the driver, the luminance factor of ground surface material while needing to understand light incident from different directions.The present invention aims to provide a kind of device simple in structure, ground surface material luminance factor when being convenient to safeguard, can measure light and irradiating from whole half spherical space all directions.
Material luminance factor measurement mechanism of the present invention is comprised of data collection and control computing machine, light source (1), nitometer (3), transverse axis drive motor assembly (4), vertical pivot drive motor assembly (7), light source collimation lens (5), intensity monitor detector (6), stand (8), adjustment platform (9), curved transverse axis pivoted arm (10) and curved vertical pivot pivoted arm (11) and angular transducer (12) etc.The purpose that this measurement mechanism will be realized is in the situation that driver's sight line and road plane angle are known, the luminance factor of road surface pavement material while measuring light from different orientations β and incident angle γ incident.The variation range of azimuthal angle beta is 0-180 °, and the variation range of angle of incidence of light is 0-90 °, and both combinations can whole 1/4 spherical space of complete covering.The scheme that the present invention takes is to make to rotate on the sphere of radiation source centered by sample (2), in whole measuring process, keeps the luminous intensity of light source constant, like this as long as measure the brightness value E on sample (2) surface when starting
(γ=0), in the time of just can calculating light source and turn to other position, the brightness value on sample surface is E
(γ=0)cos (γ).Light source is in the spatial rotation process, because radiating condition changes, the luminous intensity of light source may have subtle change, intensity monitor detector (6) for the luminous intensity of Real-Time Monitoring light source (1) over time, and according to the variable quantity correction different measuring brightness value on sample surface constantly.After illumination is determined, the brightness value L on sample surface when measuring light source and being positioned at different beta and γ angle, and with the illumination luminance factor value q (beta, gamma) that can obtain the different light rays incident direction=L (the beta, gamma)/E that is divided by
(γ=0)cos (γ).Whole like this measurement problem is converted into the problem of light source (1) around the center rotating of sample (2) that how to realize.The scheme realized is that an end of curved transverse axis pivoted arm (10) is arranged on the output shaft of transverse axis electric machine assembly (4), light source (1) is arranged on the horizontal sides of transverse axis pivoted arm (10), adjust the position of light source on horizontal sides, make the optical axis of light source (1) by light source center of rotation, i.e. the intersection point place of transverse axis and vertical pivot extended line.One side of curved vertical pivot pivoted arm (11) is arranged on the output shaft of vertical pivot electric machine assembly (7), and transverse axis electric machine assembly (4) is fixed on the other end of vertical pivot pivoted arm (11).Vertical pivot electric machine assembly (7) drives pivoted arm (11), transverse axis drive motor assembly (4) and transverse axis pivoted arm (10) in the longitudinal rotation, and transverse axis electric machine assembly (4) drives transverse axis pivoted arm (10) along the latitude direction rotation.Sample (2) is fixed together the unsettled stand of an end (8) and is gone up by adjusting platform (9) and nitometer (3), and the surperficial maintenance level of sample (2) and its are centered close to the light source center of rotation.
The light that is equipped with collimation lens (5) that light source (1) is sent between light source (1) and sample (2) is converted to directional light.In whole measuring process, the extended line of light source (1) luminescent center and collimation lens (5) line of centres should pass through the light source center of rotation all the time.Curved transverse axis pivoted arm (10) and curved vertical pivot pivoted arm (11) are L shaped, and two length of sides of pivoted arm all are greater than 100mm, make light source center of rotation place form enough large free space for placing sample (2) and adjusting platform (9).Drive motor in transverse axis drive motor assembly (4) and longitudinal axis drive motor assembly (7) is servomotor or the stepper motor that turned position can accurately be controlled.Between the drive motor of electric machine assembly (4) and electric machine assembly (7) and output shaft, reducing gear is arranged, the rear end of reducing gear output shaft is connected with accurate angular transducer (12).Intensity monitor detector (6) is installed on the vertical edge of transverse axis pivoted arm (10), its photosensitive receiving plane towards light source (1) for monitoring the variation of measuring process light intensity.The optical axis of nitometer (3) and the angle between the sample face are less than 5 °, are generally 1 °, and the optical axis of nitometer (3) is by the center of sample (2).
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is measurement mechanism of the present invention
Fig. 2 is street lamp, road surface and observation visual angle α, light azimuthal angle beta, the schematic diagram of angle of incidence of light γ.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 3 is light source (1) and collimation lens (5) distance relation
The schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is drive motor assembly (4,7) basic comprising
Embodiment
Provide specific embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, in order to architectural feature of the present invention and function point to be described, but the specific embodiment of the invention scheme is not limited in this embodiment.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is paving material luminance factor space distribution measurement mechanism of the present invention.The measurement mechanism of this invention is comprised of data collection and control computing machine, light source (1), nitometer (3), transverse axis drive motor assembly (4), vertical pivot drive motor assembly (7), light source collimation lens (5), intensity monitor detector (6), stand (8), adjustment platform (9), curved transverse axis pivoted arm (10) and curved vertical pivot pivoted arm (11) and angular transducer (12) etc.Computing machine used is without specific (special) requirements, and data collecting card is general multi-channel A/D, the D/A data collecting card.Light source can be in halogen tungsten lamp, Metal halogen lamp, high/low pressure sodium lamp, high-pressure sodium lamp and LED a kind of.Which kind of light source no matter, if do not add collimation lens (5), the light source outer rim should be less than 4 ° to the subtended angle at sample (2) center.In order to reduce the subtended angle of light source emitted light to sample, the luminous point of light source can be placed in to the focus place of collimation lens (5), the light that light source sends is transformed to directional light after collimation lens, as shown in Figure 3.The focal length that figure middle distance f is collimation lens (5).Collimation lens is single convex lens.In order to alleviate lens weight, what the present embodiment adopted is slim Fresnel lens, and lens diameter is greater than 100mm.The light source module is arranged on the horizontal sides of L shaped pivoted arm 10.Light source position apart from vertical edge on the horizontal sides limit is adjustable, makes the optical axis of light source (1) pass through all the time the light source center of rotation of system in whole measuring process.Light parallel direction of light after collimation lens (5) of light source (1) institute outgoing is parallel with the vertical edge of pivoted arm (10).One end of horizontal pivoted arm (10) vertical edge is arranged on the output shaft of horizontal drive electric machine assembly (4), under it drives, along the latitude direction rotation, changes the γ angle, rotates light source and realizes that angle of incidence of light γ changes arbitrarily in 0-90 ° of scope.Pivoted arm (10) and pivoted arm (11) all available two segment type material aluminium or section bar steel form.The transverse axis drive motor assembly (4) that pivoted arm (10) have been installed is fixed on the upper end of L-type pivoted arm (11) vertical edge, and pivoted arm (11) horizontal sides is arranged on vertical pivot drive motor assembly (7).Electric machine assembly (7) can drive whole light source revolving gear and rotate in 0-180 ° of scope along longitude β direction, and the mutual rotation by two L shaped spiral arms can realize light source incident light at any angle in 1/4 spherical space.Sample (2) and nitometer (3) are all fixed at one end unsettled Γ shape stand (8).Adjustment rack (9) has height, all around tilt adjusting function, utilizes adjustment rack (9) that the upper surface of sample (2) is adjusted into to level, and the center of rotation in light source, is the intersection of transverse axis and vertical pivot extended line.Servomotor or stepper motor that transverse axis drive motor assembly (4) and vertical pivot drive motor assembly (7) can accurately be controlled for turned position, this case has adopted DC servo motor.Between the motor of electric machine assembly (4) and electric machine assembly (7) and output shaft, the turbine worm reducer structure is arranged, the rear end of machine shaft is connected with accurate photoelectric coded disk, as Fig. 4.On the vertical edge of pivoted arm (10), intensity monitor detector (12) is installed.The spectrum sensitivity of light intensity detector (12) meets spectrum light efficiency V (λ) function that CIE1931 recommends.The variation of output signal real time record light source (1) luminous intensity of intensity monitor detector, if light intensity changes in measuring process, can be revised the brightness value on sample (2) surface according to the output signal of this detector.Angle between nitometer optical axis and sample plane is less than 5 ° and adjustable, during general measure, by this angle initialization, is 1 °.Nitometer (3) can be general integral formula single channel nitometer and also can be spectral radiance luminance meter, and in this enforcement case, the field angle of nitometer is chosen to be 0.1 °.Distance dependent between the selection of field angle and sample size and nitometer and sample.Generally, the sample that actual excavation is got off from road surface is all not too large, generally is no more than 30cm.
Fig. 2 is several angle [alpha] that street lamp, road surface, pilot's line of vision are relevant, the schematic diagram of beta, gamma.The α angle is the angle between driver's sight line and road surface, and the β angle is the angle between plane of light incidence and driver observation face; The γ angle is the incident angle of tested surface glazed thread.
Fig. 3 is the relative position relation of light source and collimation lens.Light source (1) is arranged on the place, focal position of collimation lens, and the light sent from light source like this becomes directional light after lens.The diameter of lens should be greater than the corresponding area in nitometer visual field, and general diameter should be greater than 150mm.In order to alleviate lens weight, what the present embodiment adopted is the halogen tungsten lamp of stable luminescence and the Fresnel lens that pmma material is made.
Fig. 4 is the organigram of transverse axis and vertical pivot drive motor assembly (4,7).Electric machine assembly is comprised of drive motor, reducing gear, output shaft and angle measuring sensor.Drive motor available step motor or DC servo motor, reducing gear can adopt the structures such as gear, turbine and worm.Angular transducer can be used magnetic sensitive angle sensor, contact code-wheel sensor and photoelectric coded disk angular transducer etc.The present embodiment adopts photoelectric coded disk to carry out the angle detection, adopts the photoelectric encoder of 3600 segmentations, and angle-measurement accuracy can reach 0.1 °.As need further improve measuring accuracy, can select more high-precision scrambler.Angular transducer is arranged on the rear end of assembly output shaft, and the code-disc of sensor and output shaft synchronous rotate.The output signal of sensor flows to control card and reads the precise position information of each moment light source (1) in space.
Claims (7)
1. the ground surface material luminance factor measurement mechanism formed by data collection and control computing machine, light source (1), nitometer (3) etc., it is characterized in that: an end of curved transverse axis pivoted arm (10) is arranged on the output shaft of transverse axis electric machine assembly (4), light source (1) is arranged on the horizontal sides of transverse axis pivoted arm (10), one side of curved vertical pivot pivoted arm (11) is arranged on the output shaft of vertical pivot electric machine assembly (7), and transverse axis electric machine assembly (4) is fixed on the other end of vertical pivot pivoted arm (11); Vertical pivot electric machine assembly (7) drives pivoted arm (11), electric machine assembly (4) and pivoted arm (10) in the longitudinal rotation, and electric machine assembly (4) drives horizontal pivoted arm (10) along the latitude direction rotation; Sample (2) is fixed together the unsettled stand of an end (8) and is gone up by adjusting platform (9) and nitometer (3), and the surperficial maintenance level of sample (2) and its are centered close to the light source center of rotation, are the intersection point place of transverse axis and vertical pivot extended line.
2. according to the described luminance factor measurement mechanism of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the light that is equipped with collimation lens (5) that light source (1) is sent between light source (1) and sample (2) is converted to directional light, and the extended line of light source (1) luminescent center and collimation lens (5) line of centres is by the light source center of rotation.
3. according to the described luminance factor measurement mechanism of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described curved transverse axis pivoted arm (10) and curved vertical pivot pivoted arm (11) are for L shaped, two length of sides of pivoted arm all are greater than 100mm, make light source center of rotation place enough large free space be arranged for placing sample (2) and adjusting platform (9).
4. luminance factor measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the drive motor in transverse axis drive motor assembly (4) and longitudinal axis drive motor assembly (7) is servomotor or the stepper motor that turned position can accurately be controlled.
5. luminance factor measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between the drive motor of electric machine assembly (4) and electric machine assembly (7) and output shaft, reducing gear is arranged; The rear end of reducing gear output shaft is connected with accurate angular transducer (12).
6. luminance factor measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: intensity monitor detector (6) is installed on transverse axis pivoted arm (10), and its photosensitive receiving plane is towards light source (1).
7. luminance factor measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the angle between nitometer (3) optical axis and surface level is less than 5 °, and the optical axis of nitometer (3) is by the centre of sample (2).
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112033909A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-04 | 中路高科交通检测检验认证有限公司 | Online testing method and device for tunnel pavement brightness coefficient |
| CN112816439A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-18 | 中电建冀交高速公路投资发展有限公司 | Road surface brightness coefficient measuring device and method |
| CN113655030A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-16 | 浙江大学 | Wet road surface reflection coefficient detection device and method |
| CN113670853A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for detecting reflection coefficient of road surface in haze weather |
| WO2023004933A1 (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | 浙江大学 | All-weather road surface reflection characteristic detection apparatus and method |
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| CN113655030A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-16 | 浙江大学 | Wet road surface reflection coefficient detection device and method |
| CN113670853A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for detecting reflection coefficient of road surface in haze weather |
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| CN113670853B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-03-03 | 浙江大学 | Road surface reflection coefficient detection device and method in haze weather |
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Application publication date: 20140101 |