CN103507691B - A kind of energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle, including gas burning system, refrigeration system, control system and return air blowing system, gas burning system is by natural gas air accumulator, pressure reducer, air mixer, cluster engine into, refrigeration system is by plate heat exchanger, condenser, liquid pump, device for drying and filtering, throttle valve, air-cooler, air conditioner, solenoid valve, motor-driven valve connection composition, control system is by controller, temperature sensor forms, return air blowing system is by non-homogeneous orifice plate, supply air duct, return air baffle and return airway composition, solar storage battery plate is connected by controlling switch with controller.The present invention uses low stain, economy, the natural gas of safety, using the waste-heat refrigerant of exhaust gas while power is provided to automobile, cold to be provided to refrigerator carriage and driver's cabin as fuel；Defrosted using solar storage battery plate to heating wire for electrical heating to air-cooler；Air current composition and temperature field in energy equal control compartment, achieve the purpose that energy-saving and environmental protection.

Description

An energy-saving refrigerated transport vehicle

technical field

The invention relates to a natural gas refrigerated transport vehicle installed with solar battery panels.

Background technique

Refrigerated transportation is a very important and indispensable link in the food cold chain. The main purpose is to transport all kinds of meat, fish, dairy products, bean products, quick-frozen food, fruits and vegetables and frozen, refrigerated and fresh-keeping transportation of cold drinks in supermarkets in the food cold chain. As well as specific industrial demand temperature transportation, transportation of medical vaccines.

The main difference between refrigerated trucks and general vans is that refrigerated trucks are equipped with independent or non-independent refrigerated units. The non-independent refrigerated units work with the power of the car engine, which can make the lowest temperature in the matching cargo compartment reach minus 18 degrees. . An independent refrigeration unit must be equipped with an independent battery and a diesel engine. Compared with a non-independent refrigeration unit, its refrigeration performance is much better, and the lowest temperature in the matching cargo compartment can reach minus 28 degrees, and it will not be damaged by the car itself. The cause of failure affects the refrigeration effect, but the production cost is also higher.

With the rapid development of my country's highway construction, the proportion of highway refrigerated transportation has been increasing compared with railways and waterways, and the tonnage structure of vehicles has changed. In the past, heavy, medium and light accounted for 10%, 70% and 20% respectively, and now they are respectively 10%, 40%, 50%. With the development of my country's food industry and the gradual improvement of the food cold chain, my country's refrigerated vehicles will also develop rapidly. However, refrigerated trucks also face many problems, such as fuel consumption, exhaust gas after combustion causes pollution to the atmospheric environment, frost on the evaporator reduces heat transfer, affects refrigeration capacity, and uneven temperature in the compartment affects the quality of stored food .

Zhang Zhe's utility model patent: mechanical refrigerated truck with orifice air supply method (CN 201932066 U) is a mechanical refrigerated truck driven by diesel, and at the same time, an orifice plate is installed in the refrigerated compartment to make the air supply in the compartment even and reduce the Small temperature fluctuation range. However, there are some shortcomings. The waste heat after oil combustion cannot be utilized, and the exhaust gas pollutes the atmospheric environment; mechanical refrigerated vehicles need to defrost, which increases fuel consumption; the wind speed and air volume near the air outlet of the evaporator are relatively Large, but the wind speed and air volume far away from the air outlet are relatively small, so the use of uniform perforated orifice plates cannot achieve the effect of uniform airflow and temperature in the refrigerated compartment.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, this paper designs and adopts a natural gas refrigerated transport vehicle installed with solar battery panels to meet the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: the refrigerated vehicle is composed of a gas system, a refrigeration system, a control system, a return air system, a solar battery panel, a first control switch, a second control switch, a driver's cab and a refrigerated compartment. .

The gas system includes a natural gas storage tank, a pressure reducer, an air mixer, and an engine. The natural gas in the gas storage tank is decompressed by the pressure reducer and sent to the air mixer, mixed with air, and then enters the engine.

The refrigeration system consists of a plate heat exchanger, an air-cooled condenser, a liquid pump, a dry filter, a throttle valve, a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, a third solenoid valve, a first electric valve, a second electric valve, and a second electric valve. Three electric valves, the first air cooler, the second air cooler, and the air conditioner are connected through pipes, the first air cooler and the second air cooler are located in the refrigerated compartment, the air conditioner is located in the cab, and the plate heat exchanger has natural gas waste gas and refrigerant Two channels, the exhaust gas channel is connected with the engine exhaust port.

The control system is composed of a controller, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, and all temperature sensors are connected by signal lines. The controller is installed in the cab, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor They are respectively arranged at the coil pipes of the first cooling fan, the second cooling fan and the air conditioner.

The air supply and return system consists of a non-uniform orifice plate, an air supply duct, a return air baffle and a return air duct. The non-uniform orifice plate is installed on the lower side of the first cooling fan and the second cooling fan. An air supply duct is formed between the tops of the refrigerated compartments, and air return baffles are arranged on the sides of the air inlets of the first cooling fan and the second cooling fan. A return air duct is formed between the return air baffle and the side of the refrigerated compartment.

The first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the first electric valve, the second electric valve, and the third electric valve are respectively connected to the controller through signal lines.

A solar battery panel is installed on the outside of the refrigerated compartment, the battery panel is connected to the heating wire through the control switch, the control switch is connected to the controller, and the heating wire is arranged on the coil surface of the first cooling fan and the second cooling fan.

There are 10 fourth temperature sensors, which are evenly arranged inside the refrigerated compartment.

The controller can adopt one of PCC or PLC.

The number of openings per unit area of the orifice plate near the air outlet of the air cooler is small, while the number of openings per unit area of the orifice plate far away from the air outlet is large, and the opening ratio increases from near to far.

An electric valve is arranged in front of the first cooling fan, the second cooling fan and the air conditioner, and each electric valve is connected with the controller through a signal line. The electric valve can adjust its opening as required to control the flow of refrigerant entering the air cooler or air conditioner.

Solenoid valves are arranged in front of the plate heat exchanger, air-cooled condenser and dry filter, and each solenoid valve is connected with the controller through a signal line. The solenoid valve can adjust the switching state according to the needs, so as to connect or cut off the flow of refrigerant.

When the difference between the cabin temperature and the coil temperature is greater than 10° C., the controller closes the first control switch, and the first cooling fan starts to defrost.

When the temperature of the first cooling fan coil unit is greater than 5° C., the controller turns on the first control switch, and the first cooling fan stops defrosting.

When the detected average temperature in the compartment is higher than the start-up temperature, the air-cooled condenser, liquid pump, first solenoid valve, second solenoid valve, third solenoid valve, first cooling fan or second cooling fan are turned on and start Running at full speed; when the detected average temperature in the compartment is lower than the shutdown temperature, the air-cooled condenser, liquid pump, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the first air cooler or the second air cooler stop running.

Working process of the present invention is as follows:

The natural gas in the gas storage tank is sent to the mixer after being decompressed by the pressure reducer, mixed with air, and then enters the single jet of the engine to ignite. Get out of the car. The heated high-temperature refrigerant gas is cooled by the air-cooled condenser, sent directly to the dry filter by the liquid pump for dry filtration, and then enters the throttle valve to reduce the pressure and temperature, and then is divided into two paths: one path enters the cold air in the refrigerated compartment through the electric valve The air conditioner in the driver's cab through the other way through the electric valve provides cold air for the driver's cab; the refrigerant coming out of the two ways flows back to the plate heat exchanger for circulation in turn.

10 temperature sensors are evenly arranged in different positions in the refrigerated car. The temperature sensor is connected to the controller in the cab through a signal line. When the detected average temperature in the car is higher than the starting temperature, the air-cooled condenser, liquid pump, and The first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the first air cooler or the second air cooler are turned on and start running at full speed; when the detected average temperature in the compartment is lower than the shutdown temperature, the air-cooled condenser, liquid The pump, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, the first air cooler or the second air cooler stop running.

There are two cooling fans in the refrigerated compartment. When the refrigeration system is running, only one cooling fan works at full speed. A temperature sensor is arranged at the coils of the two cooling fans to measure the coil temperature. When the difference between the temperature in the cabin and the coil temperature is greater than a certain value, the controller will control the switch to close, and the cooling fan will start to defrost , the electric heating wire is powered by the solar battery panel on the top outside the compartment, the solar battery panel is connected to the heating wire through a control switch, the heating wire is arranged on the coil surface of the air cooler, and the coil is heated by the electric heating wire for defrosting. When one air cooler is defrosting, the other air cooler is cooling. When the coil temperature is higher than 5°C, the controller will turn on the control switch, and the cooling fan will stop defrosting.

The top of the refrigerated compartment adopts non-uniform orifice plate to supply air, and the side is equipped with return air baffle to return air. Near the air outlet of the air cooler, the number of openings per unit area of the orifice plate is small, while far away from the air outlet, the number of openings per unit area of the orifice plate is large, and the opening ratio increases from near to far. Such openings Arranged so that the airflow and temperature distribution in the refrigerated compartment is even.

All solenoid valves and electric valves are controlled by the controller. The solenoid valve is used to control the opening and closing of the valve to avoid refrigerant backflow, and the electric valve is used to control the opening and closing of the valve and the flow rate of the refrigerant.

The characteristics of the present invention are: adopting low-pollution, economical and safe natural gas as the vehicle fuel, making full use of waste gas waste heat to heat the refrigerant, providing cooling capacity for the refrigerated compartment and driver's cab, and using solar energy to defrost, which can save fuel and achieve energy saving and environmental protection The purpose is to uniformly control the airflow organization and temperature field in the refrigerated compartment, and improve the fresh-keeping quality of transported food.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the novel energy-saving refrigerated vehicle of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the interior structure illustration of the novel energy-saving refrigerated vehicle of the present invention.

In attached drawing 1: 1 is a natural gas storage tank, 2 is a pressure reducer, 3 is an air mixer, 4 is an engine, 5 is a plate heat exchanger, 6 is an air-cooled condenser, 7 is a liquid pump, 8 is a drying Filter, 9 is the throttle valve, 10 is the air conditioner, 11 is the controller, 12 is the first cooling fan, 13 is the second cooling fan, 14 is the solar battery panel, 15 is the first temperature sensor, 16 is the second Temperature sensor, 17 is the third temperature sensor, 18 is the first solenoid valve, 19 is the second solenoid valve, 20 is the third solenoid valve, 21 is the second electric valve, 22 is the first electric valve, 23 is the third electric valve Valve, 24 are the first control switch, 25 are the second control switch, 26 are the cab, and 27 are the refrigerated compartment.

Among the accompanying drawings 2: 28 is a non-uniform orifice, 29 is an air supply duct, 30 is a return air baffle, and 31 is a return air duct.

Specific technical solutions

The features of the present invention and other relevant features will be described in further detail below through embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art.

Embodiment: See accompanying drawings 1 and 2, an energy-saving refrigerated transport vehicle mainly includes a natural gas storage tank 1, a pressure reducer 2, an air mixer 3, an engine 4, a plate heat exchanger 5, and an air-cooled condenser 6 , liquid pump 7, dry filter 8, throttle valve 9, air conditioner 10, controller 11, first air cooler 12, second air cooler 13, solar battery panel 14, first temperature sensor 15, second temperature sensor 16. The third temperature sensor 17, the first solenoid valve 18, the second solenoid valve 19, the third solenoid valve 20, the second electric valve 21, the first electric valve 22, the third electric valve 23, the first control switch 24, Second control switch 25, driver's cab 26, refrigerated compartment 27, non-uniform orifice plate 28, air supply duct 29, return air baffle plate 30, return air duct 31.

The specific working process is as follows:

The natural gas in the natural gas storage tank 1 is decompressed by the pressure reducer 2 and then sent to the air mixer 3, mixed with air, and then enters the engine 4 for single-jet ignition, and the high-temperature exhaust gas (700~800°C) after combustion enters the plate heat exchange The device 5 heats the refrigerant gas, and finally discharges it out of the car through the pipeline. The heated high-temperature refrigerant gas is cooled by the air-cooled condenser 6, and is directly sent to the dry filter 8 by the liquid pump 7 for drying and filtration, and then enters the throttle valve 9 to reduce the pressure and temperature, and then divides into two paths: one path passes through the first electric valve 22 and the second electric valve 21 enter the first air cooler 12 and the second air cooler 13 in the refrigerated compartment to provide cooling capacity for the goods, and the controller 11 can control the refrigerant flow of the first electric valve 22 and the second electric valve 21; Another road enters the air conditioner 10 in the cab 26 through the third electric valve 23 to provide cold air for the cab 26, and the operator in the cab 26 can control the flow of the third electric valve 23 according to the comfort of the temperature; The refrigerant flows back to the plate heat exchanger 5 and circulates sequentially.

Taking the set temperature in the refrigerated compartment 27 as 0°C as an example, 10 fourth temperature sensors 17 are evenly arranged at different positions in the refrigerated compartment 27, and the fourth temperature sensors 17 are respectively connected to the controller 11 in the cab 26 through signal lines. connect. The controller can adopt one of PCC or PLC. When the average temperature in the detected compartment was higher than the starting temperature, the air-cooled condenser 6, the liquid pump 7, the first solenoid valve 18, the second solenoid valve 19, the third solenoid valve 20, the first air cooler 12 or the second solenoid valve The second cooling fan 13 is turned on and starts to run at full speed; The valve 20, the first cooling fan 12 or the second cooling fan 13 are stopped.

Two air coolers in the refrigerated compartment 27, when the refrigeration system was running, only one air cooler worked at full speed. If the first air cooler 12 is working, the controller 11 controls the first electric valve 22 to open, the second electric valve 21 to close, and a first temperature sensor 15 is arranged at the coil pipe in the first air cooler 12 to measure the coil temperature. When the difference between the interior temperature (the average temperature of 10 temperature sensors) and the coil temperature is greater than 10°C, the controller 11 closes the first control switch 24, and the first air cooler 12 starts to defrost, and the solar energy at the top outside the compartment The battery board 14 supplies power to the heating wire, and the solar battery board 14 is connected with the heating wire through the first control switch 24. The air cooler 13 starts cooling, and when the coil temperature of the first air cooler 12 is higher than 5° C., the controller 11 turns on the first control switch 24 , and the first air cooler 12 stops defrosting, and operates alternately in sequence.

The top of the refrigerated compartment 27 adopts non-uniform orifice plate 28 to supply air, and the side is provided with return air baffle plate 30 to return air. The number of openings per unit area of the orifice plate near the air outlet of the cooler is small, while the number of openings per unit area of the orifice plate far away from the air outlet is large, and the opening ratio increases from near to far. Such an arrangement of openings Provides even airflow and temperature distribution within the refrigerated compartment.

Claims (10)

1. A kind of 1. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle, it is characterised in that：By gas burning system, refrigeration system, control system and air blow and return system System, solar storage battery plate (14), the first controlling switch (24), the second controlling switch (25), driver's cabin (26) and refrigerator carriage (27) form；

   Gas burning system includes natural gas air accumulator (1), pressure reducer (2), air mixer (3), engine (4), in air accumulator Natural gas is sent in air mixer (3) after pressure reducer (2) decompression, is mixed with air, into engine (4)；

   Refrigeration system by plate heat exchanger (5), air cooled condenser (6), liquid pump (7), device for drying and filtering (8), throttle valve (9), First solenoid valve (18), second solenoid valve (19), the 3rd solenoid valve (20), the first motor-driven valve (22), the second motor-driven valve (21), Three motor-driven valves (23), the first air-cooler (12), the second air-cooler (13), air conditioner (10) are connected by pipeline, the first air-cooler (12) it is located at the second air-cooler (13) in refrigerator carriage, air conditioner (10) is located in driver's cabin, and plate heat exchanger (5) has naturally Two passages of gas exhaust gas and refrigerant, exhaust steam passage are connected with engine (4) exhaust outlet；

   Control system is by controller (11), the first temperature sensor (15), second temperature sensor (16), three-temperature sensor (17), all temperature sensors are connected by signal wire, and controller (11) is installed in driver's cabin, the first temperature sensor (15), second temperature sensor (16) and three-temperature sensor (17) are arranged in the first air-cooler (12), the second cold wind At the coil pipe of machine (13) and air conditioner (10)；

   Return air blowing system is made of non-homogeneous orifice plate (28), supply air duct (29), return air baffle (30) and return airway (31), non- Uniform orifice plate (28) is installed on the downside of the first air-cooler (12) and the second air-cooler (13), non-homogeneous orifice plate (28) and refrigerator car The air inlet side arrangement return air gear of supply air duct (29), the first air-cooler (12) and the second air-cooler (13) is formed between compartment top portion Plate (30)；

   Return airway (31) is formed between return air baffle and refrigerator carriage side.
2. A kind of 2. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Top is installed too outside refrigerator carriage Positive energy storage device plate, storage battery plants are connected by controlling switch with heating wire, and controlling switch is connected with controller, heating wire arrangement In the coil surface of the first air-cooler (12) and the second air-cooler (13).
3. A kind of 3. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The number of 4th temperature sensor (17) Measure as 10, be evenly arranged in inside refrigerator carriage.
4. A kind of 4. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Controller can be used in PCC or PLC One kind.
5. A kind of 5. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：From air-cooler air outlet nearby orifice plate Perforate number on unit area is few, and the perforate number separated out on the orifice plate unit area of air port distant place is more, and aperture opening ratio is from closely extremely Far, present and be incremented by.
6. A kind of 6. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：First air-cooler（12）, it is second cold Wind turbine（13）And air conditioner（10）Preceding to be equipped with motor-driven valve, each motor-driven valve is connected with controller by signal wire.
7. A kind of 7. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Plate heat exchanger (5), air-cooled type are cold Solenoid valve is equipped with before condenser (6) and device for drying and filtering (8), each solenoid valve is connected with controller by signal wire.
8. A kind of 8. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：When in railway carriage or compartment temperature and coil temperature it When difference is more than 10 DEG C, controller (11) closes the first controlling switch (24), and the first air-cooler (12) starts defrosting.
9. A kind of 9. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：When the first air-cooler (12) coil pipe temperature When degree is more than 5 DEG C, controller (11) opens the first controlling switch (24), and the first air-cooler (12) stops defrosting.
10. A kind of 10. energy-saving-type cold storage transport vehicle as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：When flat in the compartment detected When equal temperature is higher than turn-on temperature, air cooled condenser (6), liquid pump (7), the first solenoid valve (18), second solenoid valve (19), the Three solenoid valves (20), the first air-cooler (12) or the second air-cooler (13) are opened and start full speed running；When the compartment detected When interior mean temperature is less than shutdown temperature, air cooled condenser (6), liquid pump (7), the first solenoid valve (18), second solenoid valve (19), the 3rd solenoid valve (20), the first air-cooler (12) or the second air-cooler (13) are out of service.