CN103521912B - A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint - Google Patents
A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN103521912B CN103521912B CN201310469629.6A CN201310469629A CN103521912B CN 103521912 B CN103521912 B CN 103521912B CN 201310469629 A CN201310469629 A CN 201310469629A CN 103521912 B CN103521912 B CN 103521912B
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公布了一种用于搭接接头的搅拌摩擦焊工具，由轴肩和搅拌针组成。搅拌针的形状呈截头锥体，其小底与轴肩相连，大底端面上设有一圆形凹孔，截锥体外表面上设有三个周向均布的圆弧形凹槽；同时，本发明还公布了搅拌针和轴肩各部分的结构和尺寸。采用本发明设计的搅拌工具进行搅拌摩擦搭接焊时，截锥形的搅拌针会对搭接面周围塑化金属产生一个斜向上推力，减轻塑化金属垂直运动，从而减轻搭接界面的垂直迁移倾向。并且搅拌针底部的凹孔和侧面的凹槽，均会改善焊焊缝区材料流动，充分破碎搭接界面，使焊缝金属更充分混合。因此，该工具焊接所得焊缝中钩状缺陷尺寸大大减小，接头强度系数显著提高。
The invention discloses a friction stir welding tool for lap joints, which consists of a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin. The shape of the stirring needle is a truncated cone, the small bottom of which is connected to the shaft shoulder, a circular concave hole is provided on the end surface of the large bottom, and three arc-shaped grooves uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are provided on the outer surface of the truncated cone; at the same time, the present invention The structure and dimensions of each part of the stirring pin and the shoulder are also disclosed. When the stirring tool designed by the present invention is used for friction stir lap welding, the truncated cone-shaped stirring needle will generate an oblique upward thrust to the plasticized metal around the lapped surface to reduce the vertical movement of the plasticized metal, thereby reducing the vertical friction of the lapped interface. Migration propensity. In addition, the concave hole at the bottom of the stirring pin and the groove on the side will improve the material flow in the weld zone, fully break the lap interface, and make the weld metal more fully mixed. Therefore, the size of the hook-shaped defect in the weld welded by the tool is greatly reduced, and the joint strength coefficient is significantly improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于金属材料搅拌摩擦焊接领域，具体是针对搭接接头而设计的一种新型搅拌摩擦焊工具。The invention belongs to the field of friction stir welding of metal materials, in particular to a novel friction stir welding tool designed for lap joints.
背景技术Background technique
搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)是英国焊接研究所(TWI)于1991年发明的一种新型固相连接技术，这项技术特别适合铝镁合金等有色金属的连接。搅拌摩擦焊的基本原理是由旋转着的一个非消耗搅拌工具(由轴肩和搅拌针组成的阶梯轴)插入工件的结合面，通过轴肩与工件之间的摩擦生热和搅拌针与工件材料发生的塑性变形功产热，将待焊工件升温至塑化状态，工件接合面会在搅拌工具的搅拌摩擦作用下发生破碎；然后搅拌工具沿工件结合线向前移动，塑化材料冷却，即形成固相连接的焊缝。Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new type of solid-phase joining technology invented by the British Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. This technology is especially suitable for the joining of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum-magnesium alloys. The basic principle of friction stir welding is that a rotating non-consumable stirring tool (a stepped shaft composed of a shaft shoulder and a stirring needle) is inserted into the joint surface of the workpiece, and heat is generated through the friction between the shoulder and the workpiece and the stirring needle and the workpiece The plastic deformation of the material produces heat, and the workpiece to be welded is heated to a plasticized state, and the joint surface of the workpiece will be broken under the stirring friction of the stirring tool; then the stirring tool moves forward along the joint line of the workpiece, and the plasticized material cools down, that is Welds that form a solid phase connection.
经过20多年的发展，FSW在航空航天、轨道车辆、造船、汽车等领域获得了较广泛应用。航空航天和轨道车辆领域的某些结构件会经常涉及到搭接接头，如飞机的机身是由7×××系铝合金的横梁搭在2×××铝合金的蒙皮上，轨道车辆的车身由中空的6×××系铝合金挤压型材搭接拼焊而成。传统的熔焊技术在焊接铝合金时，会因为铝合金自身特殊的理化性质而产生气孔、裂纹、夹杂等缺陷，导致接头强度系数很低。FSW在焊接铝合金上有独特的优势，不会产生熔焊那样的缺陷，具有较高的接头强度系数。FSW在铝合金对接接头方面已有较成功的应用，在搭接接头方面，FSW仍存在一定的技术难题。首先，在焊搭接接头时，搅拌工具垂于工件接合面，相比对接接头的接合面平行于搅拌工具，搭接接头的接合面更难被破碎；其次，为形成搭接焊缝，搅拌针要穿透上板工件插入到下板一定深度，搅拌针插入下板后会挤压下板材料，使搭接界面发生弯曲，向中间焊缝区域延伸，从而形成裂纹状未结合的界面迁移缺陷，此缺陷在搭接接头中被称为“钩状缺陷”。在FSW过程中，搅拌工具会引起搅拌区材料发生垂直方向流动，从而带动搅拌针外围材料也发生垂直迁移，加上搅拌针外围材料受到的搅拌作用有限，导致钩状缺陷是FSW搭接接头中的一种固有缺陷。钩状缺陷会减小接头的有效承载厚度，提供裂纹源并且引起应力集中，因而严重降低搭接接头的接头静强度和疲劳强度。所以优化FSW搭接工艺必须减轻钩状缺陷，包括减小其尺寸、改变其形状。目前，减轻钩状缺陷的方法主要有两种：一种是优化试验参数，比如减小转速或增加焊速可减小钩状缺陷尺寸；一种是设计特殊的搅拌工具，来改变搅拌区塑性材料流动路径，从而改善搭接界面迁移形态，减轻钩状缺陷。FSW常用的搅拌工具的搅拌针为普通的圆柱螺纹状或圆锥螺纹状，轴肩为内凹形。使用这些普通工具焊搭接接头时，焊缝中会产生较严重的钩状缺陷，导致接头强度很低(强度系数多为30％以下)，仅靠优化试验工艺参数无法减轻钩状缺陷。After more than 20 years of development, FSW has been widely used in aerospace, rail vehicles, shipbuilding, automobiles and other fields. Some structural parts in the field of aerospace and rail vehicles often involve lap joints. For example, the fuselage of an aircraft is made of a 7××× aluminum alloy beam on a 2××× aluminum alloy skin. The body of the car is made of hollow 6××× series aluminum alloy extruded profiles lapped and welded. When traditional fusion welding technology welds aluminum alloy, defects such as pores, cracks, and inclusions will occur due to the special physical and chemical properties of the aluminum alloy itself, resulting in a very low joint strength coefficient. FSW has unique advantages in welding aluminum alloys, does not produce defects like fusion welding, and has a high joint strength coefficient. FSW has been successfully applied in aluminum alloy butt joints, but in lap joints, FSW still has certain technical difficulties. First of all, when welding lap joints, the stirring tool is perpendicular to the joint surface of the workpiece. Compared with the joint surface of the butt joint parallel to the stirring tool, the joint surface of the lap joint is more difficult to be broken; secondly, in order to form the lap weld, stirring The needle must penetrate the upper plate and insert it into the lower plate to a certain depth. After the stirring needle is inserted into the lower plate, it will squeeze the material of the lower plate, causing the lap interface to bend and extend to the middle weld area, thereby forming a crack-like unbonded interface migration Defect, this defect is called "hook defect" in lap joints. During the FSW process, the stirring tool will cause the material in the stirring area to flow in the vertical direction, thereby driving the surrounding material of the stirring needle to migrate vertically, and the stirring effect on the surrounding material of the stirring needle is limited, resulting in the hook defect in the FSW lap joint an inherent defect. Hook-shaped defects will reduce the effective load-bearing thickness of the joint, provide crack sources and cause stress concentration, thus seriously reducing the joint static strength and fatigue strength of lap joints. Therefore, optimizing the FSW lap joint process must alleviate the hook defect, including reducing its size and changing its shape. At present, there are two main methods to alleviate the hook-shaped defect: one is to optimize the test parameters, such as reducing the rotation speed or increasing the welding speed to reduce the size of the hook-shaped defect; the other is to design a special stirring tool to change the plasticity of the stirring zone. Material flow path, thereby improving the migration morphology of the lap interface and mitigating hook defects. The stirring needle of the stirring tool commonly used by FSW is in the shape of ordinary cylindrical thread or conical thread, and the shaft shoulder is concave. When these common tools are used to weld lap joints, serious hook-shaped defects will occur in the weld, resulting in very low joint strength (the strength coefficient is mostly below 30%), and the hook-shaped defects cannot be alleviated only by optimizing the test process parameters.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术，为减轻“钩状”缺陷，提高搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)搭接接头强度，本发明提供一种用于搭接接头的搅拌摩擦焊工具，本发明中设计的特殊形状的搅拌针可以有效的改善搅拌区材料流动路径。For above-mentioned prior art, in order to alleviate "hook" defect, improve friction stir welding (FSW) lap joint strength, the present invention provides a kind of friction stir welding tool for lap joint, the special shape designed in the present invention The stirring needle can effectively improve the material flow path in the stirring zone.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明用于搭接接头的搅拌摩擦焊工具予以实现的技术方案是：该工具由轴肩和搅拌针两部分组成，所述搅拌针的形状呈截头圆锥体，所述截头圆锥体的小底与所述轴肩相连，所述截头圆锥体的大底端面上设有一圆形凹孔，所述截头圆锥体的外表面上沿着其轴向设有三个在周向上均布的圆弧形凹槽；所述搅拌针的长度为h，h＝d+△d，其中，d为待焊工件的上板的厚度，△d为搅拌针插入到待焊接工件的下板的深度，△d＜0.5d；所述截头圆锥体的大底直径为D1，所述截头圆锥体的小底直径为D2，D2＝d+1，所述截头圆锥体的锥角为2α，α＝7°～9°，D1＝2h*tanα+D2；所述圆形凹孔在所述截头圆锥体的大底端面上的直径为D3，D3＝0.75D1，所述圆形凹孔的深度为h1＝0.25h；所述截头圆锥体外表面上的三个圆弧形凹槽分别与所述圆形凹槽的直径为D3的轮廓线相切，所述轴肩的端面内凹倾斜面，所述斜面倾角为5°～7°，所述轴肩的直径为D，D＝3d。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme realized by the friction stir welding tool used for lap joints in the present invention is: the tool is composed of two parts, a shaft shoulder and a stirring pin, and the shape of the stirring pin is a truncated cone, so The small bottom of the truncated cone is connected to the shoulder, the large bottom end surface of the truncated cone is provided with a circular concave hole, and the outer surface of the truncated cone is provided with three holes along its axial direction. arc-shaped grooves evenly distributed in the circumferential direction; the length of the stirring pin is h, h=d+Δd, wherein, d is the thickness of the upper plate of the workpiece to be welded, and Δd is the insertion of the stirring pin into the to-be-welded The depth of the lower plate of the workpiece, △d<0.5d; the diameter of the large bottom of the truncated cone is D 1 , the diameter of the small bottom of the truncated cone is D 2 , D 2 =d+1, the The cone angle of the truncated cone is 2α, α=7°～9°, D 1 =2h*tanα+D 2 ; the diameter of the circular concave hole on the large bottom end surface of the truncated cone is D 3 , D 3 =0.75D 1 , the depth of the circular concave hole is h 1 =0.25h; the three arc-shaped grooves on the outer surface of the truncated cone are respectively equal to the diameter of the circular groove The contour line of D3 is tangent, the end surface of the shaft shoulder is concave and inclined, the inclination angle of the slope is 5°-7°, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is D, and D=3d.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
采用本发明用于搭接接头的搅拌摩擦焊工具焊接FSW搭接接头时，截头圆锥形的搅拌针的倾斜侧表面会对搭接面周围塑化金属产生一个斜向上的推力，该推力会产生一个水平方向分力，搭接面周围塑化金属在该水平力的作用下，发生一定量的水平运动，该水平运动会减轻塑化金属的垂直运动，从而减小搭接界面的垂直迁移倾向。并且搅拌针底端面部的内凹圆面及侧面的三个圆弧形凹槽，均会改变焊缝区塑化金属的流动路劲，从而改善焊缝区材料流动，充分破碎搭接区域界面，焊缝区金属发生更充分的混合。因此，焊后焊缝中钩状缺陷尺寸大大减小，接头强度系数也得到显著提高。When using the friction stir welding tool of the present invention for lap joints to weld FSW lap joints, the inclined side surface of the truncated conical stirring pin will produce an oblique upward thrust to the plasticized metal around the lap joint, and the thrust will be A horizontal component force is generated, and the plasticized metal around the overlapping surface undergoes a certain amount of horizontal movement under the action of the horizontal force. This horizontal movement will reduce the vertical movement of the plasticized metal, thereby reducing the vertical migration tendency of the overlapping interface . In addition, the concave circular surface on the bottom face of the stirring pin and the three arc-shaped grooves on the side will change the flow path of the plasticized metal in the weld zone, thereby improving the flow of materials in the weld zone and fully breaking the interface of the overlapping zone , the metal in the weld zone is more fully mixed. Therefore, the size of the hook-shaped defect in the weld after welding is greatly reduced, and the joint strength coefficient is also significantly improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明用于搭接接头的搅拌摩擦焊工具与焊件位置关系示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the friction stir welding tool and the weldment for lap joints of the present invention;
图2是图1中所示搅拌摩擦焊工具的主视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of the friction stir welding tool shown in Fig. 1;
图3是图2所示搅拌摩擦焊工具的仰视图。Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the friction stir welding tool shown in Fig. 2 .
图中，1为轴肩，2为搅拌针，3为圆弧形凹槽，4为圆形凹孔，5为工件上板，6为工件下板。In the figure, 1 is a shaft shoulder, 2 is a stirring needle, 3 is an arc-shaped groove, 4 is a circular concave hole, 5 is an upper plate of a workpiece, and 6 is a lower plate of a workpiece.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细地描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.
如图2和图3所示，本发明一种用于搭接接头的新型搅拌摩擦焊工具，包括轴肩1和搅拌针2两部分。本发明中的所述搅拌针2的形状呈截头圆锥体，所述截头圆锥体的小底与所述轴肩相连，所述截头圆锥体的大底端面上设有一圆形凹孔4，所述截头圆锥体的外表面上沿着其轴向设有三个在周向上均布的圆弧形凹槽3。As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , a new friction stir welding tool for lap joints according to the present invention includes two parts, a shaft shoulder 1 and a stirring pin 2 . The shape of the stirring needle 2 in the present invention is a truncated cone, the small bottom of the truncated cone is connected with the shaft shoulder, and a circular concave hole is arranged on the large bottom end surface of the truncated cone 4. The outer surface of the truncated cone is provided with three arc-shaped grooves 3 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction along its axial direction.
如图1所示，本发明用于搭接接头的新型搅拌摩擦焊工具中各部分尺寸如下：As shown in Figure 1, the dimensions of each part in the novel friction stir welding tool used for lap joints of the present invention are as follows:
所述搅拌针，即所述截头圆锥体的长度为h，h＝d+△d，其中，d为待焊工件的上板5的厚度，△d为搅拌针2插入到待焊接工件的下板6的深度，0.25d≤△d≤0.5d。The stirring needle, that is, the length of the truncated cone is h, h=d+Δd, wherein, d is the thickness of the upper plate 5 of the workpiece to be welded, and Δd is the insertion of the stirring needle 2 into the lower part of the workpiece to be welded. The depth of the plate 6 is 0.25d≤Δd≤0.5d.
所述截头圆锥体的大底直径为D1，所述截头圆锥体的小底直径为D2，D2＝d+1，所述截头圆锥体的锥角为2α，α＝7°～9°，D1＝2h*tanα+D2。The large base diameter of the truncated cone is D 1 , the small base diameter of the truncated cone is D 2 , D 2 =d+1, the cone angle of the truncated cone is 2α, α=7 °～9°, D 1 =2h*tanα+D 2 .
所述圆形凹孔4在所述截头圆锥体的大底端面上的直径为D3，D3＝0.75D1，所述圆形凹孔4的深度为h1＝0.25h。The diameter of the circular concave hole 4 on the large bottom end surface of the truncated cone is D 3 , D 3 =0.75D 1 , and the depth of the circular concave hole 4 is h 1 =0.25h.
所述截头圆锥体外表面上的三个圆弧形凹槽3分别与所述圆形凹孔4的直径为D3的轮廓线相切。The three arc-shaped grooves 3 on the outer surface of the truncated cone are respectively tangent to the contour line of the circular concave hole 4 with a diameter D3 .
所述轴肩1的端面为内凹倾斜面，所述斜面倾角为5°～7°，所述轴肩1的直径为D，D＝3d。The end surface of the shoulder 1 is a concave inclined surface, the inclination angle of the inclined surface is 5°-7°, the diameter of the shoulder 1 is D, and D=3d.
实施例：Example:
某航天结构件上需涉及5mm厚2024和7075异种铝合金板搭接接头，用现有技术中的普通圆柱或圆锥带螺纹的搅拌摩擦焊工具焊接此接头时，接头中有较严重的钩状缺陷。现根据本发明提供的技术方案，加工出适用于此搭接接头的搅拌工具。An aerospace structural part needs to involve lap joints of 5mm thick 2024 and 7075 dissimilar aluminum alloy plates. When welding the joints with ordinary cylindrical or conical threaded friction stir welding tools in the prior art, there are serious hooks in the joints. defect. Now according to the technical scheme provided by the present invention, a stirring tool suitable for this lap joint is processed.
设定搅拌针2的长度为h＝6mm，其截头圆锥的锥角2α＝16°，截头圆锥的(小底)顶端直径为D2＝6mm，底端(大底)直径为D1＝2h*tanα+D2≈7.7mm，所述圆形凹孔4在所述截头圆锥体的大底端面上的直径为D3＝0.75D1≈5.8mm，深度h1＝1.5mm，搅拌针2侧面的三个圆弧形凹槽沿周向均布，满足所述三个圆弧形凹槽3分别与所述圆形凹孔4的直径为D3的轮廓线相切，则圆弧形凹槽与底端面相交后的圆弧长度约为3.6mm，所述轴肩1的直径为D，D＝3d＝15mm，所述轴肩内凹倾角为7°。The length of setting stirring pin 2 is h=6mm, the cone angle 2α=16° of its truncated cone, the (small bottom) top diameter of the truncated cone is D 2 =6mm, and the bottom (big bottom) diameter is D 1 =2h*tanα+D 2 ≈7.7mm, the diameter of the circular concave hole 4 on the large bottom end surface of the truncated cone is D 3 =0.75D 1 ≈5.8mm, and the depth h 1 =1.5mm, The three arc-shaped grooves on the side of the stirring needle 2 are evenly distributed along the circumference, so that the three arc-shaped grooves 3 are tangent to the contour line of the circular concave hole 4 with a diameter of D3 respectively, and the arc The length of the arc after the intersecting groove and the bottom end face is about 3.6mm, the diameter of the shoulder 1 is D, D=3d=15mm, and the concave inclination angle of the shoulder is 7°.
按上述结构和参数加工出本发明搅拌摩擦焊工具，将此工具装在搅拌摩擦焊机上，用夹具将5mm厚2024和7075铝合金试板固定在焊机工作台上。在搅拌摩擦焊机的控制面板上设定焊接参数：搅拌工具的转速为800r/min，前进速度为80mm/min，轴肩1的下压量为0.20mm，工具倾角为2.5°。按此参数焊接试板，焊后经过金相显微镜进行焊缝形貌观察，用万能拉伸试验机进行接头强度测试，经检测发现焊缝中钩状缺陷尺寸仅为工件厚度的10％左右，远小于普通工具焊接所得接头中的钩状缺陷尺寸(通常为工件厚度的50％以上)，焊缝强度系数高达80％以上，取得了较满意的效果。Process the friction stir welding tool of the present invention according to the above structure and parameters, install the tool on the friction stir welding machine, and fix the 5mm thick 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy test plates on the welding machine workbench with clamps. Set the welding parameters on the control panel of the friction stir welding machine: the rotation speed of the stirring tool is 800r/min, the forward speed is 80mm/min, the pressing amount of the shoulder 1 is 0.20mm, and the inclination angle of the tool is 2.5°. Weld the test plate according to this parameter, observe the appearance of the weld seam through a metallographic microscope after welding, and test the joint strength with a universal tensile testing machine. After testing, it is found that the size of the hook-shaped defect in the weld seam is only about 10% of the thickness of the workpiece. It is far smaller than the size of the hook defect in the joint obtained by common tool welding (usually more than 50% of the workpiece thickness), and the weld strength coefficient is as high as more than 80%, and a satisfactory effect has been achieved.
尽管上面结合图对本发明进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本发明的应用实例不局限于铝合金材料的焊接，对于镁合金、铜合金等其他有色金属材料的搭接接头，也可以使用本发明提出的新型搅拌工具进行搅拌摩擦焊接。本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下，还可以作出很多变形，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative and not restrictive. The application examples of the present invention are not limited to aluminum alloys. For the welding of materials, for lap joints of other non-ferrous metal materials such as magnesium alloys and copper alloys, the new stirring tool proposed by the present invention can also be used for friction stir welding. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the gist of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.
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