CN103539545A

CN103539545A - Organic microcapsule fertilizer containing Chinese toon

Info

Publication number: CN103539545A
Application number: CN201310482922.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周卫呈
Original assignee: SUZHOU SHIQIAO ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PARK (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)
Current assignee: SUZHOU SHIQIAO ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PARK (GENERAL PARTNERSHIP)
Priority date: 2013-10-16
Filing date: 2013-10-16
Publication date: 2014-01-29

Abstract

A fertilizer containing Chinese toon organic microcapsules is prepared through adding fermenting bacterial agent to agricultural wastes, proportionally mixing it with inorganic and organic inducers, fermenting, decomposing, and mixing. The fertilizer efficiency time is prolonged by more than 3 months, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 15 percent, and the benefit of a producer is improved.

Description

A kind of containing the organic microcapsule fertilizer of Chinese toon

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to a kind of nitrile ester phosphor potassium amine liveness fertilizer material and production technique and method containing various nutrient elements and proenzyme body.

Background technology

As everyone knows, the rural area that China is vast, a large amount of agricultural fertilizers are all the inorganic fertilizers of suitability for industrialized production, although remarkable to agricultural produce effect, owing to singly executing for a long time or partially to fertilize, suppressed the numerous and active effect of the life of Soil Microorganism colony and biological enzyme colony thereof, cause soil with organic matter seriously to reduce, soil seriously hardens, and comprehensive fertility declines, environmental destruction, corps nutrient imbalance, autoantibody weakens, and product quality is inferior, food gathers toxin, jeopardizes human and livestock health.

Along with industrial and agricultural production develops rapidly with population, increase, China's organic waste is with the speed increase of average annual 5%-10%.Traditional treatment method has been not suitable with the requirement of modern society.According to statistics, the year generation of China's agricultural wastes has reached nearly 6,000,000,000 tons, but utilization ratio is only 33%.At present, approximately 30% agricultural crop straw is burned, and approximately 10% stalk is stacked at irrigation canals and ditches, roadside for a long time, severe contamination atmosphere and water surrounding.The feces of livestock and poultry of plant enters water body and reaches 25-30%, directly underground water is polluted, and causes environmental pollution and natural, ecological to worsen.

Microbial technique has critical effect in agricultural wastes recycling process, microbe inoculation microbial inoculum can promote the course of fermentation of agricultural wastes, realize the Fertilizer Transformed utilization of agricultural wastes, make the series product such as microbial fertilizer, cultivation seedling-cultivating matrix and feed, can promote the development of green organic agricultural, control and reduce rural environmental pollution, improve Ecological Environment, increase farmers' income, significant to realizing ecological economy benign cycle and agriculture Sustainable development.Otherwise arbitrarily abandoning or discharging of agricultural wastes, must cause serious environmental pollution, Ecological Environment is worsened, the all-round construction of restriction well-off society and agriculture Sustainable development.

Microbiological treatment technology is the important means that agricultural wastes Fertilizer Transformed utilizes.Utilize agricultural wastes to produce functional microbial fertilizer, the reusable edible of realizing natural resources is the direction of soilless culture organic matrix selection.Adopt various stalks and animal waste preparation organic culture substrate, first will carry out organic waste degrading and the innoxious processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed to it, remix is mixed with cultivation matrix.And currently animal waste and industrial or agricultural organic waste are directly mixed to composting to produce the research of organic culture substrate few, variation to its decomposed period, heap temperature, humidity and whole process physical and chemical parameter, as pH value, total salt (EC), full carbon (TC), full nitrogen (TN), full phosphorus (TP) etc. are understood also few, especially lack organic substrate target level of product quality and production standard, be unfavorable for its applying in industrialized agriculture soilless culture.

Organic waste is good microbial fertilizer raw material, but some objectionable impuritiess that contain in organic waste must, after specific art breading, could be used for arable farming.And arbuscular mycorrhiza (Arbuscularmycorrhiza is called for short AM) is the syntaxial system that bush mycorrhizal fungi (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is called for short AMF or AM fungi) and roots of plants form.It is very extensive that AMF distributes, in polar region, temperate zone and torrid areas can with angiospermous symbiosis of the overwhelming majority, also can form mycorhiza with liver moss, fern, gymnosperm symbiosis.Except wild plant, most farm crop, fruit tree, vegetables, ornamental plant and flowers etc. can form arbuscular mycorrhiza.Under field conditions (factors), many plants do not have mycorhiza to be just difficult to normal growth.

On many plants, arbuscular mycorrhiza is all proved to be and can promotes plant to the absorption of mineral nutrient element and utilization, improve plant nutrition situation, it acts on is the most significantly in low-phosphorous soil, improve absorbed phosphorus by crop ability, particularly can promote that plant absorbs soil validity phosphorus, improve the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer; Improve the yield and quality of crop; Strengthen the resistance of plant, as drought resistance, disease resistance, salt tolerance etc.The commodity AMF Inoculant that has had the states such as America and Europe to produce on foreign market, its product has been widely used in the fields such as horticultural gardening.As PARR produces AM microbial inoculum with aerosol culture method.REDECKER etc. produce AM Inoculant with compartment culture method.Germany INOQ company adopts greenhouse bed hydroponics in variety carrier matrix, to produce AM microbial inoculum, the microbial agent production enterprises of annual production liter ，Shi up to a hundred European Union maximum.Statistical information shows, the trade in commodities amount from 1999 to 2003 Nian， world arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculums has increased by 17 times (within 2003, approaching 500000L).The microbial inoculum manufacturer in Europe has set up VA Mycorrhizal Fungi producer federation of European Union (FEMFiP) and has sold with modular product production & marketing in 2003.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to develop a kind of plant-sourced sterilization worm active organic fertilizer that contains according to above-mentioned weak point, it has the features such as biological activity, ecological property, full nutrition, health, the feature of environmental protection.Can reduce agricultural chemicals, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce production costs, improve the ecological environment, production safety quality products, ensures human health, thereby has realized less investment, output is large, product are of fine quality, free of contamination agriculture production target.

Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of microbial fertilizer that utilizes agricultural wastes to produce, fermenting agent is added in agricultural wastes, by proportioning measure, modulate, induction fermenting agent fermentation maturity agricultural wastes after pulverizing, the preparation of homogeneous program, after fermentation maturity, through material compatibility and modulation, form, it is characterized in that:

(1), in mass parts, by 5～10 parts of moisture of adjusting compound of agricultural wastes rice husk, oil cake, 80 ~ 100 parts, the mixture of dregs of beans, the inductor pulverized, be 55～65%(wt), C/N mass ratio is that 23～28, pH value is 7～7.5; By above-mentioned compound heap heap in echelon, from top, down punch, 10～15 of every square metre of hole counts, gunnysack or straw screen or mat cover for material surface, start to carry out aerobic fermentation, and temperature rise to 50 to be piled ℃ starts timing, ferments 5～7 days; When stockpile temperature starts to decline, carry out turning, then ferment 5～7 days, turning in later every 5～7 days once, is fermented 35～45 days altogether, and fermenting process completes; The above-mentioned fertilizer moisture content fermenting is dried or dried in the air to 25～35%(wt);

(2) concrete steps of the preparation of fermenting agent are as follows:

A. one-level is cultivated: take wheat bran 30%, grass meal 20%, Semen Maydis powder 20%, skin cream 15%, bone meal 10%, lipid acid 5%, add water appropriate, boil 30min, use high speed shear paste mill grinding, be settled to 100ml, the sterilizing of packing test tube, cooling slant setting is in incubator, at sterilisable chamber by 5% product yellowish fiber Zymomonas mobilis (Cellulomonas flavigena), lactobacterium casei (Lactobacillus casei), Wei Nielande vinelandii (Azotobacter vinelandii), rhizobium leguminosarum (Rhizobium leguminosarum), aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger), aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae), (Humicola insolens spore suspension is inoculated on standby slant medium Humicola insolens, intensity of illumination 3000-4000 lux, cultivate 6-8 days for 25-27 ℃,

B. spawn culture: solid-state enlarged culturing: take mixed plant grass meal 30%, wheat bran 15%, oil cake 5%, lipid acid 5%, bone meal 5%, vitriolate of tartar 12%, ammonium phosphate 4%, phosphoric anhydride 5%, sal epsom 2%, tripoly phosphate sodium STPP 2%, diethanolamine 3%, carboxamide 12% etc., with appropriate water purification, be in harmonious proportion evenly, sterilizing, then by slant strains in the ratio inoculation damping to 45% of enlarged culturing base-material total amount 4% after, be placed in 30 ℃ of warm indoor cultivation 4～5 days;

C. the enlarged culturing of birdsing of the same feather flock together: by the solid-state enlarged culturing agent of monomer bacterial classification by fixed nitrogen class, separate Phosphorus, separate silicon potassium class, separate Mierocrystalline cellulose and the polymerization of lignin philosophy equivalent, behind ratio inoculation damping to 45% left and right of enlarged culturing base-material total amount 10%, be placed in the greenhouse of 35～38 ℃ and carry out for the first time enlarged culturing 3 days;

D. merge enlarged culturing: the bacterial classification of all enlarged culturing of birdsing of the same feather flock together is taken to mixing by equivalent respectively, then in after the ratio inoculation damping to 45% of enlarged culturing base-material 20%, be placed in 35 ℃ of greenhouses and carry out for the second time enlarged culturing 2 days;

E. produce enzymic fermentation: according to each nutrient content requirement of fertilizer, the matrix that Choice and process is good (substrate) material is pressed blank total amount 70%, add inductor 25% to mix, in the ratio inoculation of blank total amount 10%, merge thalline agent again, water is adjusted to into the blank of 30% left and right humidity, be placed in the fermentor tank of voltage stabilizing sealing, under 55 ℃ of conditions, slowly copy, ferment 2 days;

F. fermenting agent fermented liquid l～5 part are joined in 95～99 parts of humus organic materials, regulate moisture content 60～70%(wt), pH 6.5～7.5, fully mix, pile the long strip shape stockpile of high 0.4-0.6 meter, cover gunnysack or straw screen or mat, 25～30 ℃ of the temperature of control stockpile, turning every day once, fermentation culture is 5～8 days altogether, after it covers with spore, stop, drying in the air to moisture content 20～22%(wt), then according to mushroom residue, 6%-10% straw ash and the 600-1000g/T arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum of mass percent interpolation 5%-10%, obtain biological organic fertilizer.

G. get Chinese toon 10-20 part, mock-strawberry 5-10 part, swainson pea 5-10 part, Lantana camara 5-10 part, auspicious Stellera chamaejasme L. 1-15 part, hops 5-10 part, Chinese prickly ash 25-30 part, ginkgo kind skin 25-30 part, Fructus Cnidii 26-30 part, Cortex Meliae 17-30 part, Rangooncreeper Fruit 16-25 part, Turkey-galls 1-15 part, Root of Pubescent Holly 5-15 part, matrine 5-10 part, Seed of Chinese Soapberry exosper 55-60 part, 70% alcohol reflux that at every turn adds 30 times of amounts of medicinal material total amount, reflux twice, each 3 hours, merge alcohol extract, through (0.08Mpa, 60 ℃) relative density is 1.6 while being evaporated to 65 ℃ medicinal extract, spraying is dry, obtain dry extract,

H. by the extract powder obtaining according to: the mass ratio of 1-2:5-8 and described biological organic fertilizer are mixed even.

I: the mixture obtaining in step h is added to the cyst material of weight part described in 1-2:5-6, then add the colloid of weight part described in 1-2:2-8 to stir with per minute 2500 rotating speeds, form oil-in-water emulsion; Reduce revolution to 1500 and turn, stir and within 25 minutes, then add dilute hydrochloric acid to regulate pH value to 3.0, then stir after 1 hour rotating speed is dropped to 100 revs/min, be warmed up to 50 ~ 55 ℃, continue to stir, after 2 hours, add sodium hydroxide to regulate pH value to 7.0.

By implementing the concrete technical indicator of the present invention, can reach following beneficial effect:

The present invention is by adding the method for microbiobacterial agent, after agricultural waste fermentation is become thoroughly decomposed, through science composite and add that arbuscular mycorrhiza microbial inoculum is successful can property microbial fertilizer, its living bacteria count can reach 10 ¹⁰-10 ¹⁵cfu/g, and be rich in organic and crops seedling stage grow required available N, P, K and various trace elements, not containing the hazardous and noxious substances such as heavy metal, unit weight is not little, and water holding capacity is large, good permeability; In digest process, temperature raises rapidly and maintains the longer time, is beneficial to and eliminates some pathogenic agent, worm's ovum and weed seed etc.Fertilizer efficiency time lengthening is more than 3 months, and utilization rate of fertilizer improves 15%, improves the producer's benefit.

Embodiment

The present invention is described by the following examples, and still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.In addition, in following explanation.

Embodiment mono-:

A kind of microbial fertilizer that utilizes agricultural wastes to produce, fermenting agent is added in agricultural wastes, by proportioning measure, modulate, induction fermenting agent fermentation maturity agricultural wastes after pulverizing, the preparation of homogeneous program, after fermentation maturity, through material compatibility and modulation, form, it is characterized in that:

(2) concrete steps of the preparation of fermenting agent are as follows:

Described bacterial classification is commercially available bacterial classification, and this area can obtain by conventional channel.

Test site is located in potato test site, farm, previous crops potato, and soil type is black earth, soil organic matter content 5. 3%, pH values 6. 6; The test site autumn rakes the soil level, and the spring is dragged for ground, spring ridging, spring fertilising; Hectare is executed di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate hinge 175kg, urea 160kg, vitriolate of tartar 125kg.

3 processing are established in each test altogether, repeat for 4 times, and each community area 10m2, carries out test design, wherein A according to completely randomized design: clear water blank; B: 800 times of diluent positive controls of carbendazim; C: 300 times of diluents of botanical pesticide of the present invention, seed dressing.

Investigation content and data processing: random 30 samples of selecting in every community, 30d investigation after planting with sowing before using medicine, records diseased plant number, observation seedling rate.

Test-results shows, after agricultural chemicals seed dressing of the present invention, seedling rate on average reaches 81.9%, and contrast treatment reaches conspicuous level, to the inhibiting rate of the common disease of potato, is 75.5%.

Of the present inventionly through other crop land for growing field crops field comparison tests, all obtain positive effect, main manifestations is as follows: contain and enrich organic matter and humic acid, can improve Soil structure, vegetable soil, promotes soil to build up fertility.With other fertilizer ratio such as nutrient such as grade, crop yield 20%.Formulate and coordinate farm crop absorption nutrition, stimulating and regulation and control plant growth, reduce or reduce crop pest, affecting crop quality.Need not or reduce fertilizer amount, be beneficial to protection of the environment.Fertilizer efficiency time lengthening is more than 3 months, and utilization rate of fertilizer improves 15%, improves the producer's benefit.

Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Chinese Toon organic microcapsule fertilizer is characterized in that: the fermenting bacterial agent is added in the agricultural waste, and the fermenting bacterial agent is induced to ferment and decompose the agricultural waste after the preparation of the procedure of measuring, modulating, pulverizing and homogenizing by proportioning, After being fermented and decomposed, it is made through material compatibility and modulation, and it is characterized in that:

(1) In terms of parts by mass, adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55-65% (wt), C/ The mass ratio of N is 23-28, and the pH value is 7-7.5; pile the above mixture into a trapezoidal pile, and punch holes from the top down, with 10-15 holes per square meter, and cover the surface of the material with sacks or straw mats, Start aerobic fermentation, start counting when the pile temperature rises to 50°C, and ferment for 5 to 7 days; turn the pile when the temperature of the pile starts to drop, and then ferment for 5 to 7 days, and then turn the pile every 5 to 7 days. Ferment for 35-45 days in total, and the fermentation process is completed; bake or dry the moisture content of the above-mentioned fermented organic fertilizer to 25-35% (wt);

(2) The specific steps for the preparation of the fermentation agent are as follows:

a. Primary cultivation: take 30% of bran, 20% of grass powder, 20% of cornmeal, 15% of leather paste, 10% of bone meal, 5% of fatty acid, add appropriate amount of water, boil for 30min, refine with a high-speed shearing refiner, set Make up to 100ml, sterilize the subpackaged test tubes, place them in an incubator on a cooling slope, and put 5% of Cellulomonas flavigena, Lactobacillus casei, and Vineland nitrogen-fixing bacteria in a sterile room. The spore suspensions of Azotobacter vinelandii, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Humicola insolens were inoculated on the prepared slant medium, and the light intensity was 3000 -4000 lux, culture at 25-27°C for 6-8 days;

b. Strain culture: solid-state expansion culture: weigh 30% of mixed plant grass powder, 15% of bran, 5% of dry cake, 5% of fatty acid, 5% of bone meal, 12% of potassium sulfate, 4% of ammonium phosphate, 5% of phosphoric anhydride, Magnesium sulfate 2%, sodium tripolyphosphate 2%, diethanolamine 3%, carbonamide 12%, etc., mixed evenly with appropriate amount of clean water, sterilized, and then inoculated with 4% of the total amount of the slant culture material After adjusting the humidity to 45%, place it in a greenhouse at 30°C and cultivate it for 4 to 5 days;

c. Agglomeration-like expansion culture: The solid-state expansion culture agents of monomeric strains are polymerized in equal amounts according to nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-solubilizing, silicon-potassium, cellulose-solving, and lignin-based substances, according to 10% of the total amount of expanding culture materials. After proportional inoculation and humidity adjustment to about 45%, place it in a greenhouse at 35-38°C for the first expanded cultivation for 3 days;

d. Fusion expansion culture: Weigh and mix all the cluster-like expansion cultures in equal amounts, then inoculate at a ratio of 20% of the expansion medium and adjust the humidity to 45%, then place it in a greenhouse at 35°C for the second expansion Cultivate for 2 days;

e. Enzyme production fermentation: According to the requirements of each nutrient content of the fertilizer, select the processed matrix (substrate) material according to the total amount of the blank 70%, add 25% of the inducer and mix evenly, and then inoculate the fusion bacterial agent according to the ratio of 10% of the total amount of the blank , adjust the billet with water to a humidity of about 30%, place it in a pressure-stabilized and sealed fermenter, slowly move it at 55°C, and ferment for 2 days;

f. Add 1 to 5 parts of the fermentation broth of the fermented bacterial agent to 95 to 99 parts of decomposed organic matter, adjust the moisture content to 60 to 70% (wt), pH to 6.5 to 7.5, mix well, and pile up to a height of 0.4 to 0.6 meters Long strip-shaped stockpile, covered with sacks or straw curtains, control the temperature of the stockpile at 25-30°C, turn the stockpile once a day, and ferment and cultivate it for 5-8 days, stop when it is full of spores, and dry it until the moisture content is 20-22 % (wt), and then add 5%-10% mushroom slag, 6%-10% straw ash and 600-1000g/T arbuscular mycorrhizal agent according to the mass percentage to obtain bio-organic fertilizer.

2.g. Take 10-20 parts of Chinese toon, 5-10 parts of snakeberry, 5-10 parts of bitter horse bean, 5-10 parts of lantana, 1-15 parts of Ruruixiang chamaejasme, 5-10 parts of hops, pepper 25-30 parts, Ginkgo seed coat 25-30 parts, Cnidium 26-30 parts, Neem bark 17-30 parts, Gentleman 16-25 parts, Galla chinensis 1-15 parts, Maodongqing 5-15 parts, Matrine 5-10 parts, 55-60 parts of the outer testa of Sapindus chinensis, each time add 70% ethanol of 30 times the amount of the total amount of medicinal materials to reflux, reflux twice, each time for 3 hours, combine the alcohol extract, through (0.08Mpa, 60°C) concentrating under reduced pressure to an extract with a relative density of 1.6 at 65°C, spray-dried to obtain dry extract powder;

h. The extract powder obtained is mixed uniformly with the bio-organic fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 1-2:5-8;

i: Add the mixture obtained in step h to the capsule wall material described in 1-2:5-6 by weight, then add the colloid in 1-2:2-8 by weight and stir at 2500 rpm to form water Oil-infused emulsion; reduce the rotation speed to 1500 rpm, stir for 25 minutes, then add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3.0, stir for another hour, then reduce the rotation speed to 100 rpm, raise the temperature to 50~55°C, continue stirring, 2 After 1 hour, sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the pH to 7.0.