CN103587350B - A kind of automobile driving axle - Google Patents
A kind of automobile driving axle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103587350B CN103587350B CN201310608685.3A CN201310608685A CN103587350B CN 103587350 B CN103587350 B CN 103587350B CN 201310608685 A CN201310608685 A CN 201310608685A CN 103587350 B CN103587350 B CN 103587350B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种汽车驱动轴，包括台阶状汽车驱动轴本体，汽车驱动轴本体为中空结构，汽车驱动轴本体两端的轴段分别设有花键结构。本发明还提供上述汽车驱动轴的制造方法：选取相应规格的无缝钢管，并截取相应的长度；采用径向整体旋锻工艺将截取的无缝钢管加工成空心台阶轴；采用轴向挤压工艺在空心台阶轴两端加工出花键结构；校直空心台阶轴；淬火处理空心台阶轴；再次校直空心台阶轴；对空心台阶轴进行探伤检查；合格产品即上述汽车驱动轴成品。本发明与现有技术的汽车驱动轴相比，重量减轻20%-50%，扭转刚度提升20%-60%，一阶弯曲频率提高20%-60%，更好地满足了汽车轻量化、高速化、大扭矩、舒适性及节能环保的要求。
The invention provides an automobile drive shaft, which comprises a step-shaped automobile drive shaft body. The automobile drive shaft body has a hollow structure, and the shaft sections at both ends of the automobile drive shaft body are respectively provided with spline structures. The present invention also provides a manufacturing method for the above-mentioned automobile drive shaft: selecting seamless steel pipes of corresponding specifications, and cutting corresponding lengths; adopting a radial integral swaging process to process the cut seamless steel pipes into hollow stepped shafts; adopting axial extrusion The process processes the spline structure at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft; straightens the hollow stepped shaft; quenches the hollow stepped shaft; straightens the hollow stepped shaft again; conducts a flaw detection inspection on the hollow stepped shaft; the qualified product is the above-mentioned finished car drive shaft. Compared with the automobile drive shaft in the prior art, the present invention can reduce the weight by 20%-50%, increase the torsional rigidity by 20%-60%, and increase the first-order bending frequency by 20%-60%. High speed, high torque, comfort, energy saving and environmental protection.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及汽车零部件技术领域，特别是涉及一种汽车驱动轴及其制造方法。 The invention relates to the technical field of automobile parts, in particular to an automobile drive shaft and a manufacturing method thereof.
背景技术 Background technique
汽车驱动轴是汽车的重要零件，汽车驱动轴的一端连接汽车变速箱的动力输出端的万向节，汽车驱动轴的另一端连接汽车车轮的动力输入部位的万向节，汽车驱动轴的作用是在汽车变速箱与车轮之间传递扭矩。 The car drive shaft is an important part of the car. One end of the car drive shaft is connected to the universal joint of the power output end of the car gearbox, and the other end of the car drive shaft is connected to the universal joint of the power input part of the car wheel. The function of the car drive shaft is Transmits torque between the car gearbox and the wheels.
现有技术的汽车驱动轴因为复杂的工艺性能关系，轴径较粗，且为实心轴，从而汽车驱动轴比较笨重，且汽车驱动轴的扭转刚度较低，汽车驱动轴的一阶弯曲频率也较低。故现有技术的汽车驱动轴因笨重而采购成本高，且越来越不符合人们日益重视的汽车轻量化理念，不利于汽车的节能减排，难以满足人们日益重视的汽车高速化、大扭矩、舒适性等要求。在汽车轻量化以及汽车驱动轴自身采购成本需要降低的背景下，如何优化汽车驱动轴的结构，使汽车驱动轴能够减重，且提高汽车驱动轴的扭转刚度、提高汽车驱动轴的一阶弯曲频率，已成为所属技术领域的技术人员的一个重要研究课题。 Due to the complex process and performance relationship, the automobile drive shaft in the prior art has a relatively thick shaft diameter and is a solid shaft, so the automobile drive shaft is relatively heavy, and the torsional stiffness of the automobile drive shaft is low, and the first-order bending frequency of the automobile drive shaft is also low. lower. Therefore, the automobile drive shaft of the prior art is heavy and expensive to purchase, and it is increasingly inconsistent with the concept of lightweight automobiles that people increasingly pay attention to. , comfort and other requirements. Under the background of the lightweight of automobiles and the need to reduce the purchase cost of the automobile drive shaft itself, how to optimize the structure of the automobile drive shaft so that the weight of the automobile drive shaft can be reduced, and the torsional stiffness of the automobile drive shaft can be improved, and the first-order bending of the automobile drive shaft can be improved Frequency has become an important research topic for those skilled in the art.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种重量轻、扭转刚度高、一阶弯曲频率高的汽车驱动轴及其制造方法，以克服现有技术的上述缺陷。 In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automobile drive shaft with light weight, high torsional rigidity and high first-order bending frequency and its manufacturing method, so as to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art .
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种汽车驱动轴，包括台阶状的汽车驱动轴本体，所述汽车驱动轴本体的轴心为中空结构，所述汽车驱动轴本体的两端的轴段分别设有花键结构。 In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an automobile drive shaft, which includes a stepped automobile drive shaft body. The axis center of the automobile drive shaft body is a hollow structure. Has a spline structure.
优选地，所述中空结构包括所述汽车驱动轴本体的轴心线上的一通孔，所述通孔为所述汽车驱动轴本体两端轴段孔径较小、中间轴段孔径较大的变径通孔。 Preferably, the hollow structure includes a through hole on the axis of the automobile drive shaft body, and the through hole is a variable diameter of the shaft section at both ends of the automobile drive shaft body and a large diameter of the intermediate shaft section. diameter through hole.
优选地，所述汽车驱动轴本体的台阶面均为倾斜的锥面。 Preferably, the stepped surfaces of the vehicle drive shaft body are all inclined conical surfaces.
优选地，所述汽车驱动轴的材料选用25CrMo4。 Preferably, the material of the automobile drive shaft is 25CrMo4.
本发明还提供一种上述汽车驱动轴的制造方法，包括以下步骤： The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned automobile drive shaft, comprising the following steps:
a、根据所述汽车驱动轴的尺寸选取相应规格的无缝钢管，并按照所述汽车驱动轴的长度截取相应长度的无缝钢管； A, select the seamless steel pipe of corresponding specification according to the size of described automobile drive shaft, and intercept the seamless steel pipe of corresponding length according to the length of described automobile drive shaft;
b、根据所述汽车驱动轴两端结构的形状和尺寸，采用仿形模具对截取的无缝钢管的两端的外圆面进行径向整体旋锻加工，将所述无缝钢管加工成空心台阶轴； b. According to the shape and size of the structures at both ends of the automobile drive shaft, use a profiling die to carry out radial integral swaging on the outer circular surfaces of the two ends of the intercepted seamless steel pipe, and process the seamless steel pipe into a hollow step axis;
c、采用轴向挤压工艺在所述空心台阶轴的两端的轴段加工出花键结构； c. Machining a spline structure on the shaft sections at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft by an axial extrusion process;
d、采用校直工具对所述空心台阶轴进行校直； d. Using a straightening tool to straighten the hollow stepped shaft;
e、对所述空心台阶轴进行淬火处理； e, quenching the hollow stepped shaft;
f、再次采用校直工具对经过淬火处理的所述空心台阶轴进行校直； f, using a straightening tool again to straighten the quenched hollow stepped shaft;
g、对所述空心台阶轴进行探伤检查；检查合格的产品即所述汽车驱动轴的成品。 g. Carry out flaw detection inspection on the hollow stepped shaft; the product that passes the inspection is the finished product of the automobile drive shaft.
优选地，在步骤b之后、步骤c之前，车削所述空心台阶轴两端的平面，并对所述空心台阶轴两端的平面的外边角进行倒角。 Preferably, after step b and before step c, the planes at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft are turned, and the outer corners of the planes at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft are chamfered.
优选地，在步骤g之后，对所述汽车驱动轴进行防锈处理。 Preferably, after step g, antirust treatment is performed on the drive shaft of the automobile.
可选地，所述淬火处理为表面渗碳淬火处理或感应淬火处理。 Optionally, the quenching treatment is surface carburizing quenching treatment or induction quenching treatment.
如上所述，本发明的一种汽车驱动轴及其制造方法，具有以下有益效果： As mentioned above, an automobile drive shaft and its manufacturing method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
比现有技术的汽车驱动轴减轻重量20%-50%，能够使汽车驱动轴的扭转刚度提升20%-60%，能够使汽车驱动轴的一阶弯曲频率提高20%-60%，更好地满足了汽车轻量化、高速化、大扭矩、舒适性、节能减排及环保的要求。 It is 20%-50% lighter than the car drive shaft in the prior art, can increase the torsional stiffness of the car drive shaft by 20%-60%, and can increase the first-order bending frequency of the car drive shaft by 20%-60%, better It fully meets the requirements of light weight, high speed, high torque, comfort, energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1显示为本发明的汽车驱动轴的结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is shown as the structural representation of the automobile drive shaft of the present invention.
元件标号说明 Component designation description
100汽车驱动轴 100 car drive shaft
110中空结构 110 hollow structure
120花键结构 120 spline structure
130台阶面 130 steps
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。 The implementation of the present invention will be illustrated by specific specific examples below, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.
请参阅图1。须知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容所能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。 See Figure 1. It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings attached to this specification are only used to match the content disclosed in the specification, for those who are familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the implementation of the present invention. Limiting conditions, so there is no technical substantive meaning, any modification of structure, change of proportional relationship or adjustment of size, without affecting the effect and purpose of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope covered by the disclosed technical content. At the same time, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit this specification. The practicable scope of the invention and the change or adjustment of its relative relationship shall also be regarded as the practicable scope of the present invention without any substantial change in the technical content.
鉴于现有技术中汽车驱动轴为实心轴，比较笨重，且汽车驱动轴的扭转刚度较低，汽车驱动轴的一阶弯曲频率也较低；从而汽车驱动轴的采购成本高，且越来越不符合人们日益重视的汽车轻量化理念，不利于汽车的节能减排，难以满足人们日益重视的汽车高速化、大扭矩、舒适性等要求。本发明的发明人设计一种空心的汽车驱动轴，以使汽车驱动轴减重，降低汽车驱动轴的采购成本，且有利于汽车轻量化，有利于汽车的节能减排，保护环境；另外，还使汽车驱动轴的扭转刚度提高，使汽车驱动轴的一阶弯曲频率提高，从而满足汽车高速化、大扭矩、舒适性等要求。 In view of the fact that the automobile drive shaft is a solid shaft in the prior art, it is relatively heavy, and the torsional stiffness of the automobile drive shaft is low, and the first-order bending frequency of the automobile drive shaft is also low; thus, the purchase cost of the automobile drive shaft is high, and more and more It does not conform to the concept of automobile lightweight that people pay more and more attention to, it is not conducive to the energy saving and emission reduction of automobiles, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of high speed, high torque and comfort of automobiles that people increasingly pay attention to. The inventor of the present invention designs a hollow automobile drive shaft to reduce the weight of the automobile drive shaft, reduce the purchase cost of the automobile drive shaft, and is conducive to the weight reduction of the automobile, the energy saving and emission reduction of the automobile, and the protection of the environment; in addition, It also improves the torsional rigidity of the drive shaft of the car, and increases the first-order bending frequency of the drive shaft of the car, so as to meet the requirements of high speed, high torque and comfort of the car.
以下将通过具体实施例来对本发明的汽车驱动轴及其制造方法进行详细说明。 The automobile drive shaft of the present invention and its manufacturing method will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明提供一种汽车驱动轴100，包括台阶状的汽车驱动轴本体，所述汽车驱动轴本体的轴心为中空结构110，所述汽车驱动轴本体的两端的轴段分别设有花键结构120。 As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an automobile drive shaft 100, comprising a stepped automobile drive shaft body, the axis of the automobile drive shaft body is a hollow structure 110, and the shaft sections at both ends Spline structures 120 are respectively provided.
其中，所述中空结构110包括所述汽车驱动轴本体的轴心线上的一通孔，所述通孔为所述汽车驱动轴本体两端轴段孔径较小、中间轴段孔径较大的变径通孔。 Wherein, the hollow structure 110 includes a through hole on the axis line of the automobile drive shaft body, and the through hole is a variable diameter of the shaft section at both ends of the automobile drive shaft body with a smaller diameter and a larger diameter of the intermediate shaft section. diameter through hole.
为了便于加工成形，所述汽车驱动轴本体的台阶面130均为倾斜的锥面。 In order to facilitate processing and forming, the stepped surfaces 130 of the vehicle drive shaft body are all inclined conical surfaces.
本发明的所述汽车驱动轴100的材料优选为25CrMo4，以满足强度要求，保证使用安全。 The material of the automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention is preferably 25CrMo4 to meet the strength requirements and ensure safe use.
本发明的汽车驱动轴100的制造方法如下： The manufacture method of automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention is as follows:
步骤a、根据所述汽车驱动轴100的尺寸选取相应规格的无缝钢管，并按照所述汽车驱动轴的长度截取相应长度的无缝钢管； Step a, select the seamless steel pipe of corresponding specifications according to the size of the automobile drive shaft 100, and intercept the seamless steel pipe of corresponding length according to the length of the automobile drive shaft;
步骤b、根据所述汽车驱动轴两端结构的形状和尺寸，采用仿形模具对截取的无缝钢管的两端的外圆面进行径向整体旋锻加工，将所述无缝钢管加工成空心台阶轴； Step b. According to the shape and size of the structures at both ends of the automobile drive shaft, use a profiling die to perform radial integral swaging on the outer circular surfaces of the two ends of the cut seamless steel pipe, and process the seamless steel pipe into a hollow step shaft;
步骤c、采用轴向挤压工艺在所述空心台阶轴的两端的轴段加工出花键结构； Step c, using an axial extrusion process to process a spline structure on the shaft sections at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft;
步骤d、采用校直工具对所述空心台阶轴进行校直； Step d, using a straightening tool to straighten the hollow stepped shaft;
步骤e、对所述空心台阶轴进行淬火处理； Step e, quenching the hollow stepped shaft;
步骤f、再次采用校直工具对经过淬火处理的所述空心台阶轴进行校直； Step f, using a straightening tool to straighten the quenched hollow stepped shaft again;
步骤g、对所述空心台阶轴进行探伤检查；检查合格的产品即所述汽车驱动轴的成品。 Step g: Carry out flaw detection inspection on the hollow stepped shaft; the product that passes the inspection is the finished product of the automobile drive shaft.
因为在步骤b中，旋锻工艺加工出来的空心台阶轴两端的平面往往不很平整；且为了保证步骤c加工出来的花键结构整洁，无毛边等余料产生；在步骤b之后、步骤c之前，要车削所述空心台阶轴两端的平面，并对所述空心台阶轴两端的平面的外边角进行倒角，以使所述空心台阶轴两端的平面保持平整，步骤c加工出来的花键结构整洁无毛边等余料。 Because in step b, the planes at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft processed by the swaging process are often not very smooth; and in order to ensure that the spline structure processed in step c is clean and free of burrs and other residual materials; after step b, step c Before, it is necessary to turn the planes at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft, and chamfer the outer corners of the planes at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft, so that the planes at both ends of the hollow stepped shaft remain flat, and the spline processed in step c The structure is neat and free of burrs and other residual materials.
根据实际需要，步骤e中所述的淬火处理，可以是对空心台阶轴进行整体强化的表面渗碳淬火处理，也可以是对空心台阶轴的表面进行整体或局部强化的感应淬火处理。 According to actual needs, the quenching treatment described in step e can be a surface carburizing quenching treatment for overall strengthening of the hollow stepped shaft, or an induction hardening treatment for overall or local strengthening of the surface of the hollow stepped shaft.
因为本发明的汽车驱动轴100的材料优选为25CrMo4，故在步骤g之后，要对所述汽车驱动轴100进行防锈处理。当然，本发明的汽车驱动轴100也可以采用不锈钢材料，只要能满足强度要求、刚度要求即可，则当选用不锈钢材料时，不需再进行防锈处理。 Because the material of the automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention is preferably 25CrMo4, after step g, the automobile drive shaft 100 should be subjected to antirust treatment. Of course, the automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention can also be made of stainless steel, as long as it can meet the requirements of strength and rigidity, and when stainless steel is used, no anti-rust treatment is required.
综上所述，本发明的汽车驱动轴100是由无缝钢管通过径向整体旋锻工艺制造而成的整体式空心台阶轴结构，本发明的汽车驱动轴100的外部直径和形状可根据实际需要进行相应地旋锻加工，轴管的壁厚和形状也可根据实际需要选取相应的标准件或相应的非标无缝钢管来加工成形，两端的花键结构可通过轴向挤压工艺制造而成；再通过表面渗碳淬火处理对空心台阶轴进行整体强化，也可以通过感应淬火处理对空心台阶轴进行整体或局部强化。本发明的汽车驱动轴100与现有技术实心的汽车驱动轴相比，重量可减轻20%-50%，扭转刚度可提高20%-60%，一阶弯曲频率可提高20%-60%，更好地满足了汽车轻量化、高速化、大扭矩、舒适性、节能减排及环保的要求。所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。 To sum up, the automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention is an integral hollow stepped shaft structure made of a seamless steel pipe through a radial integral swaging process. The outer diameter and shape of the automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention can be determined according to actual conditions. Corresponding swaging processing is required. The wall thickness and shape of the shaft tube can also be processed by selecting corresponding standard parts or corresponding non-standard seamless steel pipes according to actual needs. The spline structure at both ends can be manufactured by axial extrusion process Then, the hollow stepped shaft can be strengthened as a whole through surface carburizing and quenching treatment, and the hollow stepped shaft can also be strengthened overall or locally through induction hardening treatment. Compared with the solid automobile drive shaft of the prior art, the automobile drive shaft 100 of the present invention can reduce the weight by 20%-50%, increase the torsional stiffness by 20%-60%, and increase the first-order bending frequency by 20%-60%. It better meets the requirements of light weight, high speed, high torque, comfort, energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection of automobiles. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial application value.
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。 The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN104833331B (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-07-11 | 上海理工大学 | The inside/outside diameter size of axis blank of being swaged in the middle of car constant-speed Universal drive determines method |
| DE102015221842A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing a gear shaft |
| CN105436372A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-30 | 万向钱潮股份有限公司 | Rotary forging manufacturing method for hollow shaft |
| CN105710273B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-11-03 | 上海理工大学 | Car constant-speed universal drive shaft circle-feeding technological parameter of swaging determines method |
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| CN106514166A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-03-22 | 重庆理工大学 | Machining forming process for automobile coupling |
| CN111842772A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-30 | 四川联茂机械制造有限公司 | Machining and forging method for heavy truck half shaft rod part |
| CN112238205A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-19 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Manufacturing method of heavy-duty automobile hollow half shaft and hollow half shaft |
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Address after: 201315 Shanghai city Pudong New Area Cambridge Kangqiao Industrial Zone Pudong Road No. 950 Applicant after: Shanghai GKN Huayu Driveline Systems Co., Ltd. Address before: 201315 Shanghai city Pudong New Area Cambridge Kangqiao Industrial Zone Pudong Road No. 950 Applicant before: Natiefu Drive Shafts Co., Ltd., Shanghai |
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