CN103634246A - A method based on a TDMA for eliminating interferences among heterogeneous fusion network clusters - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,该方法包括:根据一个TDMA分配表为无线传感网内的簇分配TDMA帧;所述TDMA分配表包括簇头身份、包含起始时间和持续时长的TDMA帧、分配给簇间的重叠区域节点的重叠子帧;重叠子帧是TDMA帧中的一段持续时间。本发明利用时隙分配的TDMA机制通过基站协助来消除传感网的簇间干扰,降低了路由重建中的能量损耗和不必要的信令交互,避免了因重传导致的能量消耗,同时减小了包丢失率、信令开销以及延时,提高了网络系统的吞吐量,延长WSN网络的生命周期,提高能量使用效率。
The present invention provides a method for eliminating interference between clusters in a TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network. The method includes: assigning TDMA frames to clusters in a wireless sensor network according to a TDMA allocation table; the TDMA allocation table includes a cluster head identity, including TDMA frame with start time and duration, overlapping subframes allocated to nodes in overlapping regions between clusters; overlapping subframes are a period of duration in a TDMA frame. The present invention uses the TDMA mechanism of time slot allocation to eliminate the inter-cluster interference of the sensor network through the assistance of the base station, reduces energy loss and unnecessary signaling interaction in routing reconstruction, avoids energy consumption caused by retransmission, and reduces It reduces the packet loss rate, signaling overhead and delay, improves the throughput of the network system, prolongs the life cycle of the WSN network, and improves energy efficiency.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于无线通信技术领域,涉及一种干扰消除方法,特别是涉及一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to an interference elimination method, in particular to a TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network inter-cluster interference elimination method.
背景技术 Background technique
20世纪中期以来,计算技术和网络技术的结合催生了许多新的应用模式和技术手段,但这二者的结合仍然基本属于传统的“人与人”或者“人与机”交互的范畴。直到20世纪90年代,随着通信技术、嵌入式计算技术以及微电子技术的飞速发展,各类电子产品的制造成本持续地降低到人们可以接受的范围的时候,一种同时拥有感知、计算和通信能力,并且能适用于各类不同环境的微型智能传感器开始在世界范围内出现。这些微小传感器节点的网络化全面改变了人们获取信息的方式,这就是无线传感器网络技术。无线传感器网络是一种新兴的、极具发展潜力的网络技术,这种网络可以将大量简单的节点大冗余地随机部署在人迹罕至的恶劣环境中,节点之间通过自组织的组网,能够协作地实时监测、感知和采集网络分布区域内的各种复杂环境或监测对象的信息,并对这些信息进行网内处理,从而获得详尽而准确的信息并传送给后台骨干网服务器或者相关观测者。Since the middle of the 20th century, the combination of computing technology and network technology has given birth to many new application models and technical means, but the combination of the two still basically falls within the category of traditional "human-human" or "human-computer" interaction. Until the 1990s, with the rapid development of communication technology, embedded computing technology and microelectronics technology, when the manufacturing cost of various electronic products continued to decrease to an acceptable range, a kind of sensor with perception, calculation and Communication capabilities, and can be applied to a variety of micro-smart sensors in different environments began to appear around the world. The networking of these tiny sensor nodes has completely changed the way people obtain information, which is wireless sensor network technology. Wireless sensor network is an emerging network technology with great development potential. This kind of network can randomly deploy a large number of simple nodes in a harsh environment with great redundancy. Through self-organized networking between nodes, it can Collaboratively monitor, perceive and collect information of various complex environments or monitoring objects in the network distribution area in real time, and process the information in the network, so as to obtain detailed and accurate information and transmit it to the background backbone network server or relevant observers .
无线传感网络的关键问题之一是媒体访问控制的设计,因为节点能量大量消耗于媒体访问控制。时分多路访问的媒体访问控制机制虽然本质上解决了碰撞问题,但可扩展性差。基于树状的时分复用接入机制比传统的时分复用接入机制的可扩展性强,但是当在同一区域簇间存在重叠区域时就会引入干扰问题。One of the key issues in wireless sensor networks is the design of media access control, because a large amount of node energy is consumed in media access control. Although the media access control mechanism of time division multiple access essentially solves the collision problem, it has poor scalability. The tree-based TDM access mechanism is more scalable than the traditional TDM access mechanism, but it will introduce interference problems when there are overlapping areas between clusters in the same area.
目前解决干扰的方法有很多,一种方法是基于竞争的CSMA接入方式,基于TDMA的时隙分配方法和跳频方式等等。相对简单有效的一种方法是簇间通信采用碰撞检测的多路访问或者频分复用LEACH和HEED,在各个簇内则采用独立的时分复用接入机制。尽管这种方法能有效的减小干扰,但其增加了频谱使用成本和网络接口的复杂度。There are many methods for solving interference at present, one method is CSMA access method based on contention, time slot allocation method and frequency hopping method based on TDMA, and so on. A relatively simple and effective method is to use collision detection multiple access or frequency division multiplexing LEACH and HEED for inter-cluster communication, and use an independent time division multiplexing access mechanism in each cluster. Although this method can effectively reduce interference, it increases spectrum usage cost and complexity of network interface.
第二种方法是每个簇维护一个本地时分复用的介质访问控制帧。为了避免与邻居簇重叠区域内其它节点时隙分配重叠,节点首先进行载波侦听确定信道中是否正在传输数据,如果信道空闲则传输数据,否则数据包被缓冲直到下一个被分配的时隙。然而,这种由簇内成员节点侦听载波的方法会造成大量的能量消耗。The second method is that each cluster maintains a local time-division multiplexed media access control frame. In order to avoid time slot allocation overlap with other nodes in the neighbor cluster overlap area, the node first performs carrier sense to determine whether data is being transmitted in the channel, and if the channel is idle, data is transmitted, otherwise the data packet is buffered until the next allocated time slot. However, this method of detecting the carrier by the member nodes in the cluster will cause a lot of energy consumption.
第三种方法如图1和图2所示,该方法根据传感网节点的位置信息定义了两种不同类型的传感节点:第一类传感节点是簇间非重叠区域的节点,采用时分复用机制与簇头通信;第二类传感节点是簇间重叠区域内的节点,采用基于竞争的媒体访问机制与簇头通信。因此,其详细过程也可以分为簇间调度和全网信令传输两个部分。该方法定义了以下相关参量:The third method is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. This method defines two different types of sensor nodes according to the location information of the sensor network nodes: the first type of sensor nodes are nodes in non-overlapping areas between clusters, using The time-division multiplexing mechanism communicates with the cluster head; the second type of sensor node is a node in the overlapping area between clusters, and uses a contention-based media access mechanism to communicate with the cluster head. Therefore, its detailed process can also be divided into two parts: inter-cluster scheduling and network-wide signaling transmission. This method defines the following relevant parameters:
CH:簇头节点,即根据不同的选簇方法选择合适的传感节点作为簇头;CH: cluster head node, that is, select the appropriate sensor node as the cluster head according to different cluster selection methods;
GW:根据某种算法选择出来的在两个或者以上节点一跳范围内的节点;GW: Nodes within one hop range of two or more nodes selected according to a certain algorithm;
BS:以有线方式和主干网连接并管理无线传感网的节点;BS: A node that connects to the backbone network in a wired manner and manages the wireless sensor network;
TN:处于非重叠区域,用TDMA方法进行介质访问与簇头通信的节点;TN: In the non-overlapping area, use the TDMA method to perform medium access and communicate with the cluster head;
CN:处于重叠区域,用CSMA方法进行介质访问与簇头通信的节点;CN: In the overlapping area, use the CSMA method to perform medium access and communicate with the cluster head;
BTP:用于基站和簇头之间下行传输的信标传输期间;BTP: during the beacon transmission period used for downlink transmission between the base station and the cluster head;
BRP:用于网关下行传输的信标转发期间。BRP: Beacon forwarding period for gateway downlink transmission.
簇内调度过程详细做法如下:The details of the intra-cluster scheduling process are as follows:
1)簇头节点通过网关向重叠区域内节点和非重叠区域内节点发送信标和查询。簇头节点根据时分复用子帧中各个非重叠区域内节点的时隙分配信息通知非重叠区域内节点的时分复用时隙。1) The cluster head node sends beacons and queries to the nodes in the overlapping area and the nodes in the non-overlapping area through the gateway. The cluster head node notifies the nodes in the non-overlapping area of the time-division multiplexing time slots according to the time-slot allocation information of the nodes in each non-overlapping area in the time-division multiplexing subframe.
2)非重叠区域内节点采用时分复用的介质访问机制在时分复用子帧内与簇头节点通信。2) The nodes in the non-overlapping area adopt the medium access mechanism of time division multiplexing to communicate with the cluster head node in the time division multiplexing subframe.
3)在信标转发期间,网关将从簇头节点接收到的信标和查询转发给邻居簇头节点。信标转发时期用于网关的下行链路传输。3) During beacon forwarding, the gateway forwards the beacons and queries received from the cluster-head nodes to neighboring cluster-head nodes. The beacon forwarding period is used for the gateway's downlink transmissions.
4)重叠区域内的节点用基于竞争(CSMA/CA)的介质访问方法与簇头节点通信。4) The nodes in the overlapping area use the contention-based (CSMA/CA) media access method to communicate with the cluster head node.
基站协助簇调度的信令传输如下:The signaling transmission of the base station assisting cluster scheduling is as follows:
1)以有线方式与主干网连接并管理无线传感网的基站发送信标和查询请求给同一簇内的所有网关,非重叠区域节点和重叠区域节点。1) The base station connected to the backbone network in a wired manner and manages the wireless sensor network sends beacons and query requests to all gateways, non-overlapping area nodes and overlapping area nodes in the same cluster.
2)簇内网关收到来自基站的信标和查询请求后将其转发给邻居簇头节点。2) After receiving the beacon and query request from the base station, the intra-cluster gateway forwards it to the neighboring cluster head node.
3)邻居簇头节点收到网关发来的信标和查询后,在第二帧的信标传输期间将其发送给其簇内的所有网关,重叠区域节点和非重叠区域节点。3) After receiving the beacon and query from the gateway, the neighbor cluster head node sends it to all gateways, overlapping area nodes and non-overlapping area nodes in its cluster during the beacon transmission of the second frame.
4)这些网关收到来自簇头节点的信标和查询后,在第二帧的信标转发期间将其发送给其邻居簇头节点。4) After receiving the beacon and query from the cluster head node, these gateways send it to its neighbor cluster head nodes during the beacon forwarding of the second frame.
以上过程不断重复,直到传感网内所有节点收到基站发送的信标和查询请求,如图3所示。上述方案中的子帧的帧格式如图4所示。此解决干扰的传统方法中,重叠区域节点采用CSMA/CA的介质访问方法,可以消除部分簇间干扰。但是,当传感网络分布较广并且密集或者某个簇距离基站很远时,信令处理过程就会很长。因为基站要周期性地发送信标和查询来调度全网节点,而簇头节点和网关要持续发送并转发信标和查询,所以会造成很大的信令开销和能量消耗;另一方面,当重叠区域内存在大量节点时,该方法也不能有效地避免包的碰撞。以上三种方法都不能很好的解决传感网簇间的干扰问题,因此,如何利用蜂窝资源来解决树状拓扑结构的传感网络中基于TDMA机制的簇间干扰是研究传感网与蜂窝网融合的一个关键问题。The above process is repeated until all nodes in the sensor network receive the beacon and query request sent by the base station, as shown in Figure 3. The frame format of the subframe in the above solution is shown in FIG. 4 . In this traditional method for solving interference, the nodes in the overlapping area adopt the medium access method of CSMA/CA, which can eliminate part of the inter-cluster interference. However, when the sensor network is widely distributed and dense or a certain cluster is far away from the base station, the signaling process will be very long. Because the base station needs to periodically send beacons and queries to schedule nodes in the entire network, while the cluster head nodes and gateways need to continuously send and forward beacons and queries, it will cause a lot of signaling overhead and energy consumption; on the other hand, When there are a large number of nodes in the overlapping area, this method cannot effectively avoid packet collisions. The above three methods cannot solve the interference problem between sensor network clusters very well. Therefore, how to use cellular resources to solve the inter-cluster interference based on the TDMA mechanism in the tree topology sensor network A key issue in network convergence.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,用于解决现有无线传感网络中基于TDMA机制的簇间干扰的问题。In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network, which is used to solve the problem of inter-cluster interference based on the TDMA mechanism in the existing wireless sensor network .
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明提供一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法。To achieve the above object and other related objects, the present invention provides a TDMA-based method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a heterogeneous converged network.
一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,该方法包括:根据一个TDMA分配表为无线传感网内的簇分配TDMA帧;所述TDMA分配表包括簇头身份、包含起始时间和持续时长的TDMA帧、分配给簇间的重叠区域节点的重叠子帧;重叠子帧是TDMA帧中的一段持续时间。A method for eliminating interference between clusters in a TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network, the method comprising: assigning TDMA frames to clusters in a wireless sensor network according to a TDMA allocation table; the TDMA allocation table includes a cluster head identity, including a start time and duration TDMA frames, overlapping subframes allocated to nodes in overlapping regions between clusters; overlapping subframes are a period of duration in the TDMA frame.
优选地,所述TDMA分配表由基站维护。Preferably, the TDMA allocation table is maintained by the base station.
优选地,当基站不能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域时,所述基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法的实现过程为:Preferably, when the base station cannot distinguish whether a node is in an inter-cluster overlapping area, the implementation process of the TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network inter-cluster interference elimination method is as follows:
S11,当簇内成员节点有数据发送给簇头节点时,簇头节点向移动网关发送TDMA帧请求;S11, when the member nodes in the cluster have data to send to the cluster head node, the cluster head node sends a TDMA frame request to the mobile gateway;
S12,移动网关接收到所述TDMA帧请求后,通过蜂窝网链路向基站发送TDMA帧分配请求;S12. After receiving the TDMA frame request, the mobile gateway sends a TDMA frame allocation request to the base station through the cellular network link;
S13,基站判断所述簇头节点所在的簇是否与其他簇存在重叠区域,如果存在重叠区域,则根据TDMA分配表给所述簇头节点分配一个与重叠簇完全不同的TDMA帧;否则,基站给所述簇头节点随机分配一个TDMA帧;S13, the base station judges whether the cluster where the cluster head node is located has an overlapping area with other clusters, if there is an overlapping area, allocate a TDMA frame completely different from the overlapping cluster to the cluster head node according to the TDMA allocation table; otherwise, the base station randomly assigning a TDMA frame to the cluster head node;
S14,基站将所述簇头节点的TDMA分配信息发送给移动网关;所述TDMA分配信息包括分配给所述簇头节点的TDMA帧和所述簇头节点身份信息;S14, the base station sends the TDMA allocation information of the cluster head node to the mobile gateway; the TDMA allocation information includes the TDMA frame allocated to the cluster head node and the identity information of the cluster head node;
S15,移动网关通过无线传感网接口将TDMA分配信息发送给所述簇头节点;S15, the mobile gateway sends the TDMA allocation information to the cluster head node through the wireless sensor network interface;
S16,所述簇头节点根据基站分配的TDMA帧调度成员节点。S16. The cluster head node schedules member nodes according to the TDMA frame allocated by the base station.
优选地,当基站能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域时,所述基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法的实现过程为:Preferably, when the base station can distinguish whether a node is in an inter-cluster overlapping area, the implementation process of the TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network inter-cluster interference elimination method is as follows:
S21,当簇内成员节点有数据发送给簇头节点时,簇头节点向移动网关发送TDMA帧请求;S21, when the member nodes in the cluster have data to send to the cluster head node, the cluster head node sends a TDMA frame request to the mobile gateway;
S22,移动网关接收到所述TDMA帧请求后,通过蜂窝网链路向基站发送TDMA帧分配请求;S22. After receiving the TDMA frame request, the mobile gateway sends a TDMA frame allocation request to the base station through the cellular network link;
S23,基站判断所述簇头节点所在的簇是否与其他簇存在重叠区域,如果存在重叠区域,则基站确定所述簇头节点下辖的簇内成员节点是否处于重叠区域;若该簇内成员节点处于重叠区域,则基站分配给所述簇头节点一个TDMA帧,该TDMA帧的重叠子帧与同所述簇头节点所在的簇有重叠区域的簇使用的TDMA帧的重叠子帧不同;S23. The base station judges whether the cluster where the cluster head node is located has an overlapping area with other clusters. If there is an overlapping area, the base station determines whether the member nodes in the cluster under the cluster head node are in the overlapping area; The node is in the overlapping area, then the base station distributes a TDMA frame to the cluster head node, and the overlapping subframe of the TDMA frame is different from the overlapping subframe of the TDMA frame used by the cluster with the overlapping area of the cluster where the cluster head node is located;
S24,基站将所述簇头节点的TDMA分配信息发送给移动网关;所述TDMA分配信息包括分配给所述簇头节点的TDMA帧和所述簇头节点身份信息;S24, the base station sends the TDMA allocation information of the cluster head node to the mobile gateway; the TDMA allocation information includes the TDMA frame allocated to the cluster head node and the identity information of the cluster head node;
S25,移动网关通过无线传感网接口将TDMA分配信息发送给所述簇头节点;S25, the mobile gateway sends the TDMA allocation information to the cluster head node through the wireless sensor network interface;
S26,所述簇头节点根据基站分配的TDMA帧调度成员节点。S26. The cluster head node schedules member nodes according to the TDMA frame allocated by the base station.
优选地,所述TDMA分配表由网关维护。Preferably, said TDMA allocation table is maintained by a gateway.
优选地,当网关不能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域时,网关为具有重叠区域的簇分配不同的TDMA帧。Preferably, when the gateway cannot distinguish whether a node is in an overlapping area between clusters, the gateway allocates different TDMA frames for clusters with overlapping areas.
优选地,当网关能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域时,网关为具有重叠区域的簇分配相同的TDMA帧,但为处于簇间重叠区域内的节点分配不同的重叠子帧。Preferably, when the gateway can distinguish whether a node is in an inter-cluster overlap area, the gateway allocates the same TDMA frame to the clusters with the overlap area, but allocates different overlapping subframes to the nodes in the inter-cluster overlap area.
如上所述,本发明所述的基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,具有以下有益效果:As mentioned above, the TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network inter-cluster interference elimination method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明利用时隙分配的TDMA机制通过基站协助来消除传感网的簇间干扰,降低了路由重建中的能量损耗和不必要的信令交互,避免了因重传导致的能量消耗,同时减小了包丢失率、信令开销以及延时,提高了网络系统的吞吐量,延长WSN网络的生命周期,提高能量使用效率。The present invention uses the TDMA mechanism of time slot allocation to eliminate the inter-cluster interference of the sensor network through the assistance of the base station, reduces energy loss and unnecessary signaling interaction in routing reconstruction, avoids energy consumption caused by retransmission, and reduces It reduces the packet loss rate, signaling overhead and delay, improves the throughput of the network system, prolongs the life cycle of the WSN network, and improves energy efficiency.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1显示为典型的无线传感网中簇重叠的场景示意图。Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a cluster overlapping scenario in a typical wireless sensor network.
图2显示为无线传感网中簇重叠部分的节点应用处理的过程示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the process of node application processing in the cluster overlapping part in the wireless sensor network.
图3显示为无线传感网中簇重叠部分的簇间干扰场景示意图。Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an inter-cluster interference scenario in a cluster overlapping part in a wireless sensor network.
图4显示为帧结构的格式示意图。Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the format of the frame structure.
图5显示为本发明的一种应用场景示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the present invention.
图6显示为实施例一所述的基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法的流程示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for eliminating interference between clusters in a TDMA-based heterogeneous converged network according to the first embodiment.
图7显示为实施例二所述的基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法的流程示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of the TDMA-based method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a heterogeneous converged network described in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
请参阅附图。需要说明的是,本实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想,遂图式中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制,其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变,且其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。Please refer to attached picture. It should be noted that the diagrams provided in this embodiment are only schematically illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the diagrams rather than the number, shape and shape of the components in actual implementation. Dimensional drawing, the type, quantity and proportion of each component can be changed arbitrarily during actual implementation, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.
本发明公开了一种基于时分复用接入(Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA)的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,其中异构融合网络是由无线传感器网络与蜂窝网(Wireless SensorNetworks,WSNs)融合构成的,属于无线通信技术领域。本发明所述的方法可以应用于无线传感器自组织网络系统,传感器节点通过手机移动网关将检测到的数据通过手机网络(包括移动网络、联通网络、2G/3G网络、WiFi网络等)发送给后台服务器,其中手机是双模具有传感网络通信模块和蜂窝网络通信模块;本发明能够实时监测、感知和采集各种监测环境和对象的信息,可以广泛应用于军事领域和民用领域。The invention discloses a method for eliminating interference between heterogeneous fusion network clusters based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), wherein the heterogeneous fusion network is composed of wireless sensor networks and cellular networks (Wireless SensorNetworks, WSNs) The utility model is formed by fusion and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The method described in the present invention can be applied to the wireless sensor self-organizing network system, and the sensor node sends the detected data to the background through the mobile phone network (including mobile network, China Unicom network, 2G/3G network, WiFi network, etc.) The server, wherein the mobile phone is a dual-mode sensor network communication module and a cellular network communication module; the invention can monitor, perceive and collect information of various monitoring environments and objects in real time, and can be widely used in military and civilian fields.
本发明的应用前提是:在蜂窝网与无线传感网异构网络融合的架构下,移动终端受到蜂窝网基站的监控,在蜂窝网的覆盖范围内有一组无线传感节点组成的无线传感网络。蜂窝网移动终端担任移动网关并且提供回程的无线传感节点的访问,即移动终端是双模的且有蜂窝网和无线传感网接口。假设当移动网关进入无线传感网区域时,它可以监测或者侦听到无线传感网络的信道,然后移动网关可以从传感节点中收集监测到的数据并转发给基站。此外,基站通过布网或者网络节点信息的汇报可以确定节点的位置;并且基站需要维护每个簇头节点的通信半径,根据这个通信半径信息获悉是否存在簇间重复区域及重复节点。The premise of the application of the present invention is: under the framework of the fusion of the cellular network and the wireless sensor network heterogeneous network, the mobile terminal is monitored by the base station of the cellular network, and there is a wireless sensor network consisting of a group of wireless sensor nodes within the coverage of the cellular network. network. The cellular network mobile terminal acts as a mobile gateway and provides access to the backhaul wireless sensor nodes, that is, the mobile terminal is dual-mode and has a cellular network and a wireless sensor network interface. Assume that when the mobile gateway enters the wireless sensor network area, it can monitor or detect the channel of the wireless sensor network, and then the mobile gateway can collect the monitored data from the sensor nodes and forward them to the base station. In addition, the base station can determine the location of the node through network deployment or network node information reporting; and the base station needs to maintain the communication radius of each cluster head node, and learn whether there is an inter-cluster overlap area and duplicate nodes according to the communication radius information.
经过蜂窝网和无线传感网的融合,无线传感网的应用服务和覆盖范围可以得到扩展,本发明的一种应用场景如图5所示,其中有3个簇,簇1和簇2有重叠区域,簇2和簇3有重叠区域,即在簇1和簇2的重叠区域内布置有属于簇1和簇2的传感节点,在簇2和簇3的重叠区域内布置有属于簇2和簇3的传感节点。当重叠区域内的簇1节点和簇2节点使用相同时隙时,就会产生干扰并且导致碰撞。所以,在树状拓扑结构的传感网络中如何利用蜂窝资源来解决基于TDMA机制的簇间干扰即是本发明要解决的技术问题。Through the integration of the cellular network and the wireless sensor network, the application service and coverage of the wireless sensor network can be expanded. An application scenario of the present invention is shown in Figure 5, in which there are 3 clusters, cluster 1 and cluster 2 have Overlapping area, cluster 2 and cluster 3 have an overlapping area, that is, sensor nodes belonging to cluster 1 and cluster 2 are arranged in the overlapping area of cluster 1 and cluster 2, and sensor nodes belonging to cluster 2 and cluster 3 are arranged in the overlapping area of cluster 2 and cluster 3 2 and cluster 3 sensor nodes. When cluster 1 nodes and cluster 2 nodes in the overlapping area use the same time slot, interference occurs and causes collisions. Therefore, how to use cellular resources to solve the inter-cluster interference based on the TDMA mechanism in the tree topology sensor network is the technical problem to be solved by the present invention.
为达到以上消除簇间干扰的目的,本发明所述的基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法的主要实现过程为:首先,基站(Base Station,BS)通过判断传感节点是否处于重叠区域对其所在簇进行不同的TDMA分配。其次,基站辅助实现簇间干扰,其通过维护一张传感网各个簇的TDMA表来完成全网的TDMA调度。该TDMA表包括三个部分:簇头身份,TDMA帧和重叠子帧。然后,本发明通过使用额外的TDMA帧分配方法和信令交互来完成簇头节点、移动网关、基站之间的信息传输,从而有效地消除簇间干扰,避免干扰引发的重传,大大节省节点能量,减小传输延时,增大网络系统的吞吐量,延长网络生命周期。In order to achieve the above purpose of eliminating inter-cluster interference, the main implementation process of the TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network inter-cluster interference elimination method of the present invention is as follows: first, the base station (Base Station, BS) judges whether the sensor nodes are in overlapping Regions have different TDMA allocations to the clusters they are in. Secondly, the base station assists in implementing inter-cluster interference, which completes the TDMA scheduling of the entire network by maintaining a TDMA table of each cluster in the sensor network. The TDMA table includes three parts: cluster head identity, TDMA frame and overlapping subframe. Then, the present invention completes the information transmission between the cluster head node, the mobile gateway, and the base station by using an additional TDMA frame allocation method and signaling interaction, thereby effectively eliminating inter-cluster interference, avoiding retransmission caused by interference, and greatly saving nodes energy, reduce transmission delay, increase the throughput of the network system, and prolong the network life cycle.
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
实施例一Embodiment one
本实施例提供一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,该方法是基于树状传感网拓扑结构与时分复用接入机制的融合网络簇间干扰的消除方法,其中,基站不能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域。本实施的具体实现过程如图6所示,包括以下步骤:This embodiment provides a method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a TDMA-based heterogeneous converged network. The method is a method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a converged network based on a tree-like sensor network topology and a time-division multiplexing access mechanism, wherein the base station It cannot distinguish whether a node is in the inter-cluster overlap region or not. The specific implementation process of this implementation is shown in Figure 6, including the following steps:
S11,当簇内成员节点有数据发送给簇头节点时,簇头节点向移动网关发送TDMA帧请求。S11, when the member nodes in the cluster have data to send to the cluster head node, the cluster head node sends a TDMA frame request to the mobile gateway.
S12,移动网关接收到所述TDMA帧请求后,通过蜂窝网链路向基站发送TDMA帧分配请求。S12. After receiving the TDMA frame request, the mobile gateway sends a TDMA frame allocation request to the base station through the cellular network link.
S13,基站校验数据库并确定所述簇头节点所在的簇是否与其他簇存在重叠区域;如果存在重叠区域,则根据TDMA分配表给所述簇头节点分配一个与重叠簇(即与所述簇头节点所在的簇有重叠区域的簇)完全不同的TDMA帧;否则,基站给所述簇头节点随机分配一个TDMA帧。S13, the base station checks the database and determines whether the cluster where the cluster head node is located has an overlapping area with other clusters; if there is an overlapping area, allocate an overlapping cluster (that is, the same as the cluster head node) according to the TDMA allocation table The cluster where the cluster head node is located has a completely different TDMA frame; otherwise, the base station randomly assigns a TDMA frame to the cluster head node.
本步骤中的TDMA分配表用于解决重叠区域节点的簇间干扰,该表包括三个部分:簇头身份,包含起始时间和持续时长的TDMA帧,分配给重叠区域节点的重叠子帧;重叠子帧是TDMA帧中的一段持续时间。The TDMA allocation table in this step is used to solve the intercluster interference of the overlapping region nodes, and this table includes three parts: the identity of the cluster head, including the TDMA frame of start time and duration, and the overlapping subframes assigned to the overlapping region nodes; An overlapping subframe is a period of time in a TDMA frame.
S14,基站将所述簇头节点的TDMA分配信息发送给移动网关;所述TDMA分配信息包括分配给所述簇头节点的TDMA帧和所述簇头节点身份信息。S14, the base station sends the TDMA allocation information of the cluster head node to the mobile gateway; the TDMA allocation information includes the TDMA frame allocated to the cluster head node and the identity information of the cluster head node.
S15,移动网关通过无线传感网接口将TDMA分配信息发送给所述簇头节点。S15. The mobile gateway sends the TDMA allocation information to the cluster head node through the wireless sensor network interface.
S16,所述簇头节点根据基站分配的TDMA帧使用TDMA方案调度成员节点;每个簇内成员节点在分配的时隙内发送数据给所述簇头节点。S16, the cluster head node schedules member nodes using a TDMA scheme according to the TDMA frame allocated by the base station; each member node in the cluster sends data to the cluster head node within the allocated time slot.
本发明通过使用额外的TDMA帧分配方法和信令交互来完成簇头节点,移动网关,基站之间的信息传输,针对节点的位置信息,分别使用不同的TDMA帧分配方法,尤其是当节点位于非重叠区域时,通过时隙复用来提高传输效率效率。本发明利用时隙分配的TDMA机制通过基站协助来消除传感网的簇间干扰,降低了路由重建中的能量损耗和不必要的信令交互,避免了因重传导致的能量消耗,同时减小了包丢失率、信令开销以及延时,提高了网络系统的吞吐量,延长WSN网络的生命周期,提高能量使用效率。The present invention completes the information transmission between the cluster head node, the mobile gateway, and the base station by using an additional TDMA frame allocation method and signaling interaction, and uses different TDMA frame allocation methods for the position information of the node, especially when the node is located in In non-overlapping areas, time slot multiplexing is used to improve transmission efficiency. The present invention uses the TDMA mechanism of time slot allocation to eliminate the inter-cluster interference of the sensor network through the assistance of the base station, reduces energy loss and unnecessary signaling interaction in routing reconstruction, avoids energy consumption caused by retransmission, and reduces It reduces the packet loss rate, signaling overhead and delay, improves the throughput of the network system, prolongs the life cycle of the WSN network, and improves energy efficiency.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例提供一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,其与实施例一的区别在于:基站能够区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域。本实施的具体实现过程如图7所示,包括以下步骤:This embodiment provides a method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a TDMA-based heterogeneous converged network. The difference between it and Embodiment 1 is that the base station can distinguish whether a node is in an inter-cluster overlapping area. The specific implementation process of this implementation is shown in Figure 7, including the following steps:
S21,当簇内成员节点有数据发送给簇头节点时,簇头节点向移动网关发送TDMA帧请求。S21. When the member nodes in the cluster have data to send to the cluster head node, the cluster head node sends a TDMA frame request to the mobile gateway.
S22,移动网关接收到所述TDMA帧请求后,通过蜂窝网链路向基站发送TDMA帧分配请求。S22. After receiving the TDMA frame request, the mobile gateway sends a TDMA frame allocation request to the base station through the cellular network link.
S23,基站校验数据库并确定所述簇头节点所在的簇是否与其他簇存在重叠区域;如果存在重叠区域,则基站确定所述簇头节点下辖的簇内成员节点是否处于重叠区域;若该簇内成员节点处于重叠区域,则基站分配给所述簇头节点一个TDMA帧,该TDMA帧的重叠子帧与重叠簇(即与所述簇头节点所在的簇有重叠区域的簇)使用的TDMA帧的重叠子帧不同。S23, the base station checks the database and determines whether the cluster where the cluster head node is located has an overlapping area with other clusters; if there is an overlapping area, the base station determines whether the member nodes in the cluster under the cluster head node are in the overlapping area; if The member nodes in the cluster are in the overlapping area, then the base station allocates a TDMA frame to the cluster head node, and the overlapping subframe of the TDMA frame is used with the overlapping cluster (that is, the cluster that has an overlapping area with the cluster where the cluster head node is located) The overlapping subframes of the TDMA frame are different.
本步骤中,处于不同簇且处于重叠区域的节点,由重叠子帧分配不同时隙,以保证重叠区域的节点在不同的时间点通信,从而避免干扰。当基站可以区分节点是否处于重叠区域时,基站给重叠区域的节点分配时隙不同的TDMA帧。即,给重叠簇分配不同的TDMA帧,那么重叠区域节点自然分配到不同的时隙;或者给重叠簇分配相同的TDMA帧,但是给重叠区域节点分配不同的重叠子帧。In this step, nodes in different clusters and in overlapping areas are assigned different time slots by overlapping subframes, so as to ensure that nodes in overlapping areas communicate at different time points, thereby avoiding interference. When the base station can distinguish whether a node is in an overlapping area, the base station allocates TDMA frames with different time slots to nodes in the overlapping area. That is, if different TDMA frames are allocated to overlapping clusters, nodes in the overlapping area are naturally allocated to different time slots; or the same TDMA frame is allocated to overlapping clusters, but different overlapping subframes are allocated to overlapping area nodes.
S24,基站将所述簇头节点的TDMA分配信息发送给移动网关;所述TDMA分配信息包括分配给所述簇头节点的TDMA帧、重叠子帧和所述簇头节点的身份信息。S24, the base station sends the TDMA allocation information of the cluster head node to the mobile gateway; the TDMA allocation information includes the TDMA frame allocated to the cluster head node, overlapping subframes and identity information of the cluster head node.
S25,移动网关通过无线传感网接口将TDMA分配信息发送给所述簇头节点。S25. The mobile gateway sends the TDMA allocation information to the cluster head node through the wireless sensor network interface.
S26,所述簇头节点根据基站分配的TDMA帧使用TDMA方案调度成员节点;由基站BS指定的时隙分配给重叠区域的成员节点,剩下的时隙由簇头节点分配给其他成员节点。S26, the cluster head node uses the TDMA scheme to schedule member nodes according to the TDMA frame allocated by the base station; the time slot specified by the base station BS is allocated to the member nodes in the overlapping area, and the remaining time slots are allocated to other member nodes by the cluster head node.
实施例三Embodiment three
本实施例提供一种基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法,其与实施例一和二的区别在于:所述TDMA分配表由网关维护。This embodiment provides a TDMA-based method for eliminating inter-cluster interference in a heterogeneous converged network, which is different from Embodiments 1 and 2 in that: the TDMA allocation table is maintained by a gateway.
当网关不能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域时,网关为具有重叠区域的簇分配不同的TDMA帧。When the gateway cannot distinguish whether a node is in an inter-cluster overlapping area, the gateway allocates different TDMA frames for clusters with overlapping areas.
当网关能区分节点是否处于簇间重叠区域时,网关为具有重叠区域的簇分配相同的TDMA帧,但为处于簇间重叠区域内的节点分配不同的重叠子帧。When the gateway can distinguish whether a node is in the inter-cluster overlap region, the gateway allocates the same TDMA frame to the clusters with the overlap region, but assigns different overlapping subframes to the nodes in the inter-cluster overlap region.
本发明适用于人员相对比较集中的城市热点地区,即传感网及蜂窝网覆盖相对密集的区域。在该区域中,存在有大量的能够成为网关的移动终端。也就是说,本发明所述的方法适用于密集型传感网,因为节点分布密集将会导致各个簇间重叠,产生大量的簇间重叠区域,而基于TDMA的接入方式不能很好的解决簇间干扰,所以本发明提供的基于TDMA的异构融合网络簇间干扰消除方法就能很好的抑制并减少簇间干扰,减少传感网节点由于碰撞带来的能量消耗和传输时延,很好的延长网络周期。The invention is suitable for urban hotspot areas where people are relatively concentrated, that is, areas where sensor networks and cellular networks cover relatively dense areas. In this area, there are a large number of mobile terminals that can become gateways. That is to say, the method described in the present invention is suitable for dense sensor networks, because the dense distribution of nodes will lead to overlapping between clusters, resulting in a large number of overlapping areas between clusters, and the access method based on TDMA cannot solve the problem well. Inter-cluster interference, so the TDMA-based heterogeneous fusion network inter-cluster interference elimination method provided by the present invention can well suppress and reduce inter-cluster interference, reduce energy consumption and transmission delay caused by sensor network nodes due to collisions, Very good to extend the network cycle.
综上所述,本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。To sum up, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial application value.
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| US20070019604A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2007-01-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for controlling media access in wireless sensor network |
| US20070047510A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Beacon scheduling method in multi-hop ad-hoc networks |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20070019604A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2007-01-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method for controlling media access in wireless sensor network |
| US20070047510A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Beacon scheduling method in multi-hop ad-hoc networks |
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| Title |
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| 龚海刚: "TLTS:大规模无线传感器网络下基于簇的两级TDMA调度协议", 《计算机研究与发展》, 12 March 2007 (2007-03-12) * |
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