Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the automatic monitoring of a kind of soil parameters and valuator device and method, and measuring speed is very fast and can obtain comparatively accurate soil parameters.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of soil parameters monitoring and valuator device automatically, comprising:
Utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle tested initial soil to be produced to the measurement mechanism of NMR signal;
Be electrically connected to described measurement mechanism, according to described NMR signal, described tested initial soil carried out to instant analysis, obtain the master control set of soil parameters.
Wherein, described measurement mechanism comprises:
Two box bodys, minute are arranged and wait greatly;
Be wound with the magnet of coil, be installed in respectively in described two box bodys;
Radiofrequency launcher, is installed in one of them box body;
Radio frequency receiver, is installed in another box body.
Wherein, on the top of described each box body, be removably fixed with balance plate; And/or
On box body, be provided with the setting nut of the position that regulates described radiofrequency launcher and described radio frequency receiver.Wherein, described master control set comprises:
Be electrically connected to described radiofrequency launcher, regulate the big or small radio-frequency (RF) switch of described radiofrequency launcher emitting electromagnetic wave frequency;
Be electrically connected to the converter that the electromagnetic wave signal of described radio frequency receiver output is changed with described radio frequency receiver;
Be electrically connected to described converter, the electromagnetic wave signal after conversion is analyzed, and the analyser of the output micro-structure diagram of initial soil section of surveying;
Be electrically connected to described analyser, show the display of the output signal of described analyser;
Be electrically connected to described display, described output signal is processed, obtain the single-chip microcomputer of soil parameters.
Wherein, described measurement mechanism also comprises: be electrically connected to described radio frequency receiver, the electromagnetic wave signal through soil is amplified, and export amplifying signal to the amplifier of described radio frequency receiver.
Wherein, the power supply of described master control set is accumulator or lithium battery.
Wherein, described master control set also comprises: the voltage transformer system being connected with described power supply.
Wherein, the said equipment also comprises: a casing, described master control set is arranged in described casing.
Wherein, on described casing, be also provided with handle.
Wherein, on described casing, be also provided with usb data chip interface.
Embodiments of the invention also provide a kind of soil parameters monitoring and evaluation method automatically, comprising:
Obtain and utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle tested initial soil to be measured to the NMR signal producing;
According to described NMR signal, the tested initial soil in described field is carried out to instant analysis, obtain required soil parameters.
Wherein, the step of utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance principle to measure tested initial soil comprises:
Through in the magnetic field of described tested soil, by radiofrequency launcher, send electromagnetic wave signal;
Electromagnetic wave signal through described tested soil is amplified, produce the electromagnetic wave signal after amplifying, and output.
Wherein, according to described NMR signal, the tested initial soil in described field is carried out to instant analysis, the step of obtaining required soil parameters comprises:
The electromagnetic wave receiving is carried out to signal conversion;
Signal after described conversion is analyzed;
To the signal after by analysis, utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle to show the micro-structure diagram of the initial soil section of surveying;
The micro-structure diagram of described initial soil section is carried out gray scale processing and calculates each gray-scale value number percent, obtain the soil parameters of each gray-scale value representative.
The beneficial effect of technique scheme of the present invention is as follows:
In such scheme, can directly measure and instant analysis the initial soil in field, can not destroy the prototype structure of soil, not only measuring speed is very fast, and can obtain comparatively accurate soil parameters.
Embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of soil parameters of the specific embodiment of the invention is monitoring and valuator device 1 automatically, comprising: utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle tested initial soil to be produced to the measurement mechanism 2 of NMR signal; Be electrically connected to described measurement mechanism, according to described NMR signal, described tested initial soil carried out to instant analysis, obtain the master control set 3 of soil parameters.
Described soil parameters measuring equipment, can directly measure and instant analysis the initial soil in field, can not destroy the prototype structure of soil, and not only measuring speed is very fast, and can obtain comparatively accurate soil parameters.
Shown in Fig. 2, in previous embodiment, preferably, described measurement mechanism 2 comprises: two box body 21a, 21b, minute be arranged and wait greatly; Be wound with magnet 22a, the 22b of coil, be installed in respectively in described two box body 21a, 21b; Radiofrequency launcher 23a, is installed in one of them box body 21a; Radio frequency receiver 23b, is installed in another box body 21b.
Box body 21a, 21b can adopt aluminium alloy to make.Preferably adopt non-metallic material, as adopt made of plasticly, can avoid affecting reading and receiving of NMR signal.On box body 21a, 21b, be provided with setting nut (not shown), the position of adjustable radio-frequency transmitter 23a and radio frequency receiver 23b, reaches the mensuration of different depth soil.
Magnet 22a, 22b, radiofrequency launcher 23a and the radio frequency receiver 23b that is wound with coil respectively by two separately and etc. large box body splendid attire, play on the one hand the effect of protection, can guarantee that on the other hand transmitting and the height receiving are positioned on same level line.In one embodiment, N utmost point magnet 22a and radiofrequency launcher 23a are installed in one of them box body 21a jointly, and S utmost point magnet 22b and radio frequency receiver 23b are installed in another box body 21b jointly.
This measurement mechanism utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance principle, can carry out scanning survey to any not soil 4 of containing metal sheet, thereby be convenient to obtain rapidly the microstructural image of soil profile.
Shown in Fig. 2, in previous embodiment, preferably, on the top of described box body 21a, 21b, be removably fixed with balance plate 24a, 24b.Between balance plate 24a, 24b and box body 21a, 21b, available staple is connected, and balance plate 24a, 24b close proximity to ground are placed, and are convenient to like this control two box body 21a, 21b horizontal positioned, guarantees that radiofrequency launcher 23a is corresponding with radio frequency receiver 23b.Balance plate and box body are easily assembled, detachable, are convenient for carrying.
Described measurement mechanism 2 also comprises: be connected with described radio frequency receiver 23b, electromagnetic wave signal through soil is amplified, and export amplifying signal to the amplifier (not shown) of described radio frequency receiver 23b, wherein, this amplifier can be the incorporated amplifier of radio frequency receiver 23b, can be also independent amplifier.
In previous embodiment, further, described master control set 3 comprises: radio-frequency (RF) switch 31, is electrically connected to described radiofrequency launcher 23a, for regulating the size of radiofrequency launcher 23a emitting electromagnetic wave frequency; Converter 32, is electrically connected to described radio frequency receiver 23b, for the electromagnetic wave receiving is carried out to signal conversion; Analyser 33, for the electromagnetic wave signal after described converter 32 conversions is analyzed, the micro-structure diagram of the output initial soil section of surveying; Display 34, is electrically connected to described analyser 33, and the signal for to after described analyser 33 is analyzed, utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance principle to show the micro-structure diagram of the initial soil section of surveying; Single-chip microcomputer 35, be electrically connected to described display 34, for utilizing the program having set to carry out gray scale processing and calculate each gray-scale value number percent the micro-structure diagram of described tested initial soil section, can obtain the soil parameters of each gray-scale value representative, as the number percent of porosity of soil and actual water percentage, and carry out the evaluation of damage caused by a drought, result is presented on display 34 simultaneously.
Wherein, radio frequency (RF) switch 31 can artificially regulate the electromagnetic intensity of transmitting, moderate to guarantee electromagnetic intensity.RF switch 31 can regulate and control wave frequency at any time on demand.Display 34 can present image, data and evaluation result intuitively, thereby regional soil parameter is made to more deep evaluation.The display screen of display 34 and operation push-button plate 36 are positioned at same plane in addition, can control by direct control.By single-chip microcomputer 35, the Soil Microstructure image obtaining is carried out to gray scale setting, and calculate the corresponding area percentage of different gray-scale values, draw the porosity of soil of different gray-scale value representatives and the number percent of actual water percentage.Recycling field capacity, the relation of wilting coefficient and porosity, can obtain above two kinds of soil water constants.
In previous embodiment, further, described single-chip microcomputer 35 has memory function simultaneously, initial soil structural images and result of calculation can be stored and output, thereby reach artificial freely managing data information.
Shown in Fig. 2, in previous embodiment, described equipment also comprises a casing, described master control set 3 is arranged in described casing, preferably, described master control set 3 also comprises: be arranged at the usb data chip interface 37 on described casing, be connected with described single-chip microcomputer 35, for the normal data of regional soil is inputted to single-chip microcomputer 35; Single-chip microcomputer 35 will be by measuring the described soil parameters of gained, contrasts, and then judge that whether these regional soil 4 soil moistures content are normal with the corresponding data in the normal data of described regional soil 4.
Store the usb data chip (not shown) of regional soil normal data by usb data chip interface 37, the normal data of regional soil is offered to single-chip microcomputer 35.USB-database chip can be connected with measuring equipment by usb data chip interface 37, and USB-data chip can also directly be connected with computer simultaneously, carries out real-time update and the storage of data, is convenient for carrying and data processing.Itself can also store usb data chip and transferring data, realizes the dynamic transmission of data.
In the embodiment of a measurement soil moisture content, by described usb data chip interface 37, can insert the usb data chip of storage soil type arid parameter, complete in real time the data analysis of different soils, current soil soil moisture content is carried out to preliminary judgement.In this embodiment, the process of current soil soil moisture content being carried out to preliminary judgement comprises: by soil being launched and being received electromagnetic wave signal, utilize nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy principle, realize the micromechanism imaging of soil profile, then through single-chip microcomputer analysis and calculating, try to achieve porosity and the actual water percentage of soil profile.There is certain relation in known field capacity, wilting coefficient and porosity, utilizes the program that single-chip microcomputer has set indirectly to record field capacity and wilting coefficient.Whether the normal soil moisture content data in region in contrast usb data chip are differentiated this regional soil and are suffered from drought, if suffer from drought, evaluate damage caused by a drought rank, and final result can be presented on display.This installs simple operation, is applicable to field Fast Measurement soil moisture content, can realize undisturbed automatic Observation.Measuring accuracy is high, can be used for the responses of drought stress mechanism of regional soil.
According to the abovementioned embodiments of the present invention, by this determinator of usb data chip, when realizing zones of different soil moisture content mensuration, can also realize Analysis of drought regime and evaluation by contrasting normal time soil moisture content data.Soil damage caused by a drought weight directly concerns agricultural development and ecosystem balance, so soil drought assessment and early-warning and predicting have important practice significance, for the arid Real-Time Monitoring of coping with agriculture drought research and ecology-oriented provides immediate data support and technical support.
In above-described embodiment, the ultimate principle that tested soil moisture content is measured and evaluated is: owing to containing water in soil, there is the atomic nucleus of magnetic distance under high-intensity magnetic field effect, can absorb the electromagnetic radiation of suitable frequency, and the chemical environment of different molecular Central Plains daughter nucleus is different, to have different resonant frequencies, produce different resonance spectrums.Process converter is converted to another kind of form by signal, enters in analyser and record this wave spectrum to judge this atom residing position and relative number in molecule, by showing image in image-forming principle display, carries out afterwards evaluation analysis.Can calculate soil moisture content according to the image analysing computer program of having set in single-chip microcomputer, factor of porosity etc., and then according to field capacity, be 1/2 times of porosity, wilting coefficient is 1/4 times of porosity, calculate field capacity and wilting coefficient, with the degree of suffering from drought of identification plant.
In previous embodiment, the power supply 38 of described master control set 3 is accumulator or lithium battery.Preferably adopt large capacity lead accumulator, stand-by time is long, can realize the long-term operation in field, and assurance equipment normally moves.Whole device is equipped with another group power supply simultaneously, utilizes circumscription socket to connect, to ensure continuous working in the wild.Preferably, described master control set 3 also comprises the voltage transformer system (not shown) being connected with described power supply 38, for power supply, pass through after voltage transformer system, electric current is divided into high pressure and low-voltage circuit, connect respectively magnet, receiver, display system, analytic system and data processor etc., provide different consuming parts required power supply.
In previous embodiment, preferably, master control set 3 sidewalls are equipped with heat extraction fan 39, air hole (not shown), promotes master control set 3 inner air flows, can be to master control set 3 coolings, thereby inner each parts of assurance master control set 3 are normally worked, and can not be subject to temperature disturbance.For ease of carrying, the casing of master control set 3 is provided with handle 30, is convenient for carrying.
Specific embodiment of the invention soil parameters automatically monitoring is as follows with the Application Example of valuator device:
(1), first will contain the containment vessel of magnet system and radio-frequency signal generator and radio frequency receiver in the wild, box body 21a, 21b, insert in soil 4, utilizes metal balance plate 24a, 24b fixation measuring device 2 on ground.
(2) start measurement mechanism 2, open radio-frequency signal generator 23a and radio frequency receiver 23b, observation display 34.
(3) display 34 shows data and image, selects numerical key and function key, carries out data processing, and data handling procedure is carried out in default single-chip microcomputer 35 and usb data chip, and calling data file carries out the evaluation of damage caused by a drought.The result finally drawing is presented on display 34.
(4) after measurement finishes, press the zero setting key of measuring equipment 1, can make measuring equipment 1 recover original observer state.
Soil parameters of the present invention automatically monitoring is little with valuator device volume, and function is many, is convenient for carrying and installs, and is applicable to the correlation parameter of field Fast Measurement soil and evaluates soil moisture content.
Shown in Fig. 3, the specific embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of soil parameters monitoring and evaluation method automatically, comprises step:
S11, obtain and utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle tested initial soil to be measured to the NMR signal producing;
S12, according to described NMR signal, the tested initial soil in described field is carried out to instant analysis, obtain required soil parameters.
In the automatic monitoring of above-mentioned soil parameters and evaluation method scheme, can directly measure and instant analysis the initial soil in field, can not destroy the prototype structure of soil, not only measuring speed is very fast, and can obtain comparatively accurate soil parameters.
In the embodiment of aforementioned measuring method, preferably, in described step S11,
Through in the magnetic field of described tested soil, by radiofrequency launcher, send electromagnetic wave signal;
Electromagnetic wave signal through described tested soil is amplified, produce the electromagnetic wave signal after amplifying, and output;
Specific implementation process comprises: by two box bodys that contain magnet system and radio-frequency signal generator and radio frequency receiver, insert in tested initial soil, wherein each box body top is connected with balance plate with staple, and described balance plate close proximity to ground is placed, be convenient to like this control two measurement box body horizontal positioned, guarantee that radiofrequency launcher is corresponding with radio frequency receiver; Two the parallel magnet of N, the S utmost point that are wound with coil are placed in soil to be measured both sides, to tested soil, apply an externally-applied magnetic field.The electromagnetic wave of radiofrequency launcher transmitting certain frequency, is received by radio frequency receiver after by amplifier amplifying signal through soil, produces nmr phenomena, and signal is exported along wire.
In the embodiment of aforementioned measuring method, further, step S12 comprises:
The electromagnetic wave receiving is carried out to signal conversion;
Signal after described conversion is analyzed;
To the signal after by analysis, utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle to show the micro-structure diagram of the initial soil section of surveying;
The micro-structure diagram of described initial soil section is carried out gray scale processing and calculates each gray-scale value number percent, obtain the soil parameters of each gray-scale value representative.
Concrete, by the size of radio-frequency (RF) switch adjusting emitting electromagnetic wave frequency; The electromagnetic wave receiving is carried out to signal conversion; Signal after described conversion is analyzed; To the signal after by analysis, utilize nuclear magnetic resonance principle to show the micro-structure diagram of the initial soil section of surveying; Utilize the program having set, the micro-structure diagram of described initial soil section is carried out gray scale processing and calculates each gray-scale value number percent, obtain the soil parameters of each gray-scale value representative, as the number percent of porosity of soil and actual water percentage.Recycling field capacity, the relation of wilting coefficient and porosity, can obtain above two kinds of soil water constants.
In the embodiment of aforementioned measuring method, further, also comprise the micro-structure diagram of initial soil section and result of calculation are stored and the step of exporting, thereby reach artificial freely managing data information.
In the embodiment of aforementioned measuring method, preferably, described soil parameters measuring method, also comprises: usb data chip, by usb data chip interface, offers single-chip microcomputer by the normal data of regional soil; Single-chip microcomputer will be by measuring the described soil parameters of gained, contrasts, and then judge that whether this regional soil is normal with the corresponding data in the normal data of described regional soil.
Single-chip microcomputer has data processing and memory function, can also complete processing and the analysis of image under the program setting in advance.Single-chip microcomputer calculates the parameter of soil after initial soil image is processed, as water parameters, meanwhile, the normal data that can contrast in usb data chip is evaluated current soil, the arid etc. as whether.
One embodiment of measuring method according to the present invention, when realizing zones of different soil moisture content mensuration, can also realize Analysis of drought regime and evaluation by usb data chip by contrasting normal time soil moisture content data.
In the embodiment of aforementioned measuring equipment and measuring method, one or more in the water cut that described soil parameters is soil, porosity, field capacity, wilting coefficient, soil water potential or soil mechanical composition.
Specific embodiment of the invention soil parameters automatically monitoring has real-time with valuator device, the feature of portable and field studies.In science of water resources and agronomy field, this equipment can be used for studying the water cut of soil, porosity, field capacity, the relation of wilting coefficient and soil water potential and soil moisture content, and then research agricultural needs water in macroscopic view, the problem that water consumption and water resource are utilized, provides theory and technical support from agriculture drought resisting and water saving; In ecologic environment field, this equipment can be used for the fundamental research of pedogeography aspect, for the action oriented research of ecological environmental protection aspect provides immediate data and technical support.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of principle of the present invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.