CN103713315B - A kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device, belong to field of seismic anisotropy parameter prediction in geophysical prospecting for oil.Said method comprising the steps of: (1) obtains the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, i.e. observed wave field data；(2) geological data that step (1) is obtained carries out the data after denoising obtains denoising；(3) data after the denoising that use step (2) obtains, the coordinate according to shot point and geophone station, extracts common midpoint gather and obtains earthquake CMP road set information, then utilize described earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline；(4) utilize the interval velocity of the acline that step (3) obtains, build the initial model for inverting by the mode of interpolation；(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, generate the model after parameter perturbation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of seismic anisotropy parameter prediction in geophysical prospecting for oil, be specifically related to a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device.
Background technology
Preserve the stratum of oil and natural gas oil-bearing reservoir.The purpose of oil exploration is exactly the reservoir that integrated use petroleum exploration technology, petroleum well logging technology, petroleum geology exploration technology etc. find underground reservoir oil and natural gas, here it is sensu lato reservoir prediction.
The anisotropic character of subterranean strata and oil and gas reservoir is ubiquitous.And existing various velocity analysis technology, reservoir prediction technique and model establishing techniques are based on the assumption of isotropy more, often there is very big difference with actual geological condition.Such as fracture reservoir may be generally viewed as HTI or oblique orthotropic media, if it is assumed that for isotropic medium, has been ignored as density and the direction in crack, but these attributes are very important for reservoir characteristic.
Relevant research has spread over the estimation for Thomsen and Tsvankin anisotropic parameters, and has focused on VTI (transverse anisotropy's medium), HTI (transverse anisotropy's medium) and oblique orthotropic media.When current most methods are all based on compressional wave or converted shear wave walks, information carrys out Inversion Calculation anisotropic parameters.Such as, the dynamic school of wide aperture footpath data acquisition non-double curve just can estimating part anisotropic parameters.But, the anisotropic parameters that Depth Domain estimation in the past that the P wave data of ground table record is not enough is whole.Without extra other constraint (have a down dip or the repeatedly focus of relief surface as provided, or converted wave data etc.), compressional wave Travel Time Inversion can not process VTI or the tiltedly vertical velocity in orthogonal medium and anisotropic parameters simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the difficult problem solving exist in above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method, comprises the following steps:
(1) geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, i.e. observed wave field data are obtained；
(2) geological data that step (1) is obtained carries out the data after denoising obtains denoising；
(3) data after the denoising that use step (2) obtains, the coordinate according to shot point and geophone station, extracts common midpoint gather and obtains earthquake CMP road set information, then utilize described earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline；
(4) utilize the interval velocity of the acline that step (3) obtains, build the initial model for inverting by the mode of interpolation；
(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, generate the model after parameter perturbation；
(6) based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, model after the parameter perturbation that the initial model obtain step (4) and step (5) obtain carries out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation respectively, what generate the model after initial model and parameter perturbation just drills seismic wavefield data, respectively just drills wavefield data after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance；
(7) seismic wavefield data of just drilling that step (6) is obtained carries out bandpass filtering；
(8) calculated wave field error vector by described observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data, the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance calculate Jacobian matrix；
(9) use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm to solve the system of linear equations being made up of described Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, obtain the anisotropic parameters of renewal, including velocity of longitudinal wave V fast in horizontal direction90F, Slow P-wave speed V in horizontal direction90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave VP0, level to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave, formation thickness h, the model being made up of the anisotropic parameters updated is the model of renewal；
(10) model of the renewal that step (9) obtains is carried out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation, ask for object function, if the value of object function is not reaching to sufficiently small value e and but without reaching maximum iteration time, then return step (5), if the value of object function reaches sufficiently small value e or reaches maximum iteration time, then proceed to step (11)；
(11) use following three formula by velocity of longitudinal wave V fast in described horizontal direction90F, Slow P-wave speed V in horizontal direction90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave VP0It is converted into the Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equivalence1、ε2And δ3:
Initial model is divided into N shell by described method from top to bottom, the process of whole for inverting parameters is divided into the refutation process of multiple independent inverting two-layer model, and namely adjacent two-layer carries out step (5) process to step (10) successively；Using the result of the above two-layer inverting initial model as two-layer inverting below.
Each parameter of initial model carries out described in described step (5) small sample perturbations be achieved in that for parameter a, following formula calculate the value a after its disturbancep:
ap=a × (1+ (rand-0.5)/10)
Wherein rand is a random number between 0-1.
Described step (7) is specific as follows:
Described geological data is carried out spectrum analysis, determine the parameter of band filter, cut frequency including undercut frequency, low passband, high passband, height, then described seismic wavefield data of just drilling is carried out Fourier transform, in frequency domain, geological data is filtered, then does inverse-Fourier transform again.
In described step (10), e=1.0E-3 × O0, O0Target function value for initial model.
A kind of Anisotropic parameters inversion device realizing described method, described device includes:
Seismic data acquisition cell: for obtaining the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion；
Denoising unit: for geological data being removed the denoising of face ripple and other interfering noise；
Velocity analysis unit: use earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline；
Initial model construction unit: the interval velocity of the acline that operating speed analytic unit calculates, builds the initial model for inverting by the mode of interpolation；
Model parameter disturbance unit: each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, regenerates corresponding new model respectively；
Wavefield forward modeling unit: based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopts the method for finite difference to simulate the seismic wave field response of anisotropic medium；
Filter unit: the seismic wavefield data generated after forward modeling is carried out bandpass filtering, in order to remove some noise signals that numerical computations is brought；
Parallel computation unit: seismic wave field forward numerical simulation is computationally intensive, when very expending machine, realizes the parallel computation of seismic wave field forward numerical simulation, improves computational efficiency based on MPI messaging mode；
Jacobian matrix generates unit: calculated wave field error vector by observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data, the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance calculate Jacobian matrix；
Parameter optimization unit: use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solve the system of linear equations being made up of Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, it is thus achieved that the anisotropic parameters of renewal；
Anisotropic parameters scaling unit: fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in the horizontal direction that inverting is obtained90F, Slow P-wave speed V in horizontal direction90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave VP0It is converted into the Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equivalence1、ε2And δ3。
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the method and apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt the strategy and conjugated gradient optimum algorithm successively peeled off, use full waveform inversion method to carry out the anisotropic parameters of inverting underground medium.Pass through the embodiment of the present invention, can utilize simultaneously in geological data when walking and amplitude information, only use the P wave obtained from earth's surface observation data just accurately inverting can obtain all anisotropic parameterses of underground medium, and Anisotropic parameters inversion result precision is high, convergence is fast, provide base for the accurately image of geologic objective on the one hand to go out, the precision of reservoir prediction can be improved on the other hand, especially the accuracy of crack elimination prediction, thus the exploration and development for oil and gas provides technical support.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the particular flow sheet of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the geological model schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test；
Fig. 4 is the common midpoint gather oscillogram that the forward simulation of embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test geological model obtains；
Fig. 5 a is the residual error profile of initial model during first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test and correct model.
Error section after iteration twice when Fig. 5 b is first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Error section after iteration five times when Fig. 5 c is first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Error section after iteration seven times when Fig. 5 d is first and second layers of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
The residual error profile of initial model after iteration twice and correct model when Fig. 6 a is third and fourth layer of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
The residual error profile of initial model after iteration four times and correct model when Fig. 6 b is third and fourth layer of medium of inverting in embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test.
Fig. 7 is the functional block diagram of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
The invention provides a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method and device, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, utilize full waveform inversion to realize the anisotropic parameters to VTI, HTI and orthotropic media and estimate.By full waveform inversion anisotropic parameters, it is possible to utilize simultaneously in geological data when walking and amplitude information so that inversion result precision is high, error is little, convergence is fast.
For making the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.At this, the schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, for scientific research and the technical staff of this area, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.All other embodiments that the scientific research of this area and technical staff obtain under not making creative work premise, broadly fall into scope.
In the embodiment of the present invention, first geological data is carried out denoising, eliminate the impact of the noises such as face ripple as much as possible.Utilize traditional NMO velocity analysis means to calculate NMO speed, set up initial velocity model.Each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, regenerates corresponding new model respectively.Model after initial model and parameter perturbation is carried out respectively seismic wave field forward numerical simulation, generates and just drilling seismic wavefield data accordingly.Then calculate wave field error vector and Jacobian matrix, adopt the strategy successively peeled off, use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm to carry out inverting, obtain the model anisotropic parameter of renewal.
Fig. 1 is the overall flow figure of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.As it is shown in figure 1, the inventive method comprises the steps:
(1) geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, i.e. seismic observation data in Fig. 1 are obtained；
(2) described geological data is carried out denoising, to eliminate the impact of the noises such as face ripple；
(3) use earthquake CMP road set information, utilize traditional NMO velocity analysis means, calculate the interval velocity of acline；CMP road collection data are calculated along hyperbolic locus with a little time window coherence of road collection signal, obtain normal-moveout spectrum, the time occurred according to effective lineups on normal-moveout spectrum, pickup has the velocity function of the highest coherence, it is construed to stack velocity, namely NMO speed (a kind of root mean sequare velocity), then uses following Dix formulaCalculate the interval velocity of acline, i.e. NMO interval velocity.
(4) utilize NMO interval velocity, build initial model by the mode of interpolation；Use NMO speed data, utilize the mode that distance inverse ratio weighted interpolation calculates to build initial model.
(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, generate the new model after corresponding disturbance；
(6) based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, model after initial model and parameter perturbation carries out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation respectively, and (core of this inversion method is exactly forward simulation program, it ties up anisotropy scalar wave equation based on 3, the method adopting finite difference simulates the seismic response (DongandMcMechan, 1991) of anisotropic medium.List of references: Numericalmodelingofseismicwaveswitha3-Danisotropicscalar-waveequation:Bull.Seismic.Soc.Am., 1991,81,769-780), what generate each model just drills seismic wavefield data；
(7) seismic wavefield data generated after forward modeling is carried out bandpass filtering, in order to remove some noises that numerical computations is brought；
(8) calculated wave field error vector by observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data, the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance calculate Jacobian matrix；
Jacobian matrix is calculated by following formula and obtains:
In formula, n is total number of model parameter, and m is time domain sampling number, and A is m × n rank Jacobian matrixs, and each element is amplitude SiRelative to model parameter xj(j=1, partial derivative n).By n parameter being carried out respectively small disturbance, then the model after n disturbance being respectively adopted finite difference and carrying out forward simulation, thus obtaining Jacobian matrix.
(9) using conjugated gradient optimum algorithm (is a kind of inversion algorithm, refer to " inverse theory in geophysics " book 123-132 page, Wang Jiaying writes, Higher Education Publishing House), solve Jacobian matrix and the system of linear equations of wave field error vector composition, obtain the model anisotropic parameter of renewal；
Specifically, described system of linear equations is as follows:
AX=B
Wherein
With
A is Jacobian matrix, and B is wave field error vector.
(10) model obtaining inverting updating carries out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation, asks for object function, returns to step (5), and iteration performs, and when object function is sufficiently small or reaches maximum iteration time, then terminates inverting；
(11) the orthogonal velocity of longitudinal wave on three directions that inverting is obtained is converted into the Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters of equivalence.
The inventive method uses three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation forward simulation to obtain theoretical wave field, object function make use of simultaneously in geological data when walking and amplitude information, therefore, it is possible to overcome the impact of earthquake noise, adopt full waveform inversion to realize the anisotropic parameters to VTI, HTI and orthotropic media to estimate, have inversion result precision height, error is little, restrain fast feature, it is capable of the Accurate Prediction of anisotropic parameters to underground Reservoir anisotropy medium, provides for the exploration and development of anisotropic medium reservoir and support.
The inventive method is a kind of linear inversion method, namely calculates each parameter linearly ratio that the error between wave field and observed wave field data is defined with anisotropic velocity model；Refutation process adopts the strategy successively peeled off, every time the anisotropic parameters of only inverting adjacent two layers, until the complete all of stratum of inverting；Its core is exactly wave field forward numerical simulation, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, the method adopting finite difference, carries out the seismic wave field forward numerical simulation of anisotropic medium；Its object function O is the quadratic sum of observation seismic wave field and forward numerical simulation seismic wave field amplitude residual error:
AprFor the data of prediction, AobFor observation data, N is the number of samples of time domain；Obtained each parameter updated by linear inversion, and for inverting next time, iteration, until object function sufficiently small value e, is typically set at e=1.0E-3 × O0, O0Target function value for initial model；The inventive method needs to calculate error vector and Jacobian matrix.Error vector is the prediction data that each sampled point is corresponding and the difference of vibration observing data.Jacobian matrix is the amplitude partial derivative relative to model parameter, and it is by carrying out small disturbance to each parameter of model, then adopts finite difference calculus to carry out forward simulation respectively, thus obtaining Jacobian matrix；The inventive method uses vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, level to replace elasticity tensor to fast velocity of longitudinal wave and level to the velocity of longitudinal wave on 3 orthogonal directions of Slow P-wave speed, characterizes anisotropy.After inverting terminates, utilize inverting to obtain the velocity o P wave on 3 orthogonal directions and go out the Thomsen dimensionless anisotropic parameters of equivalence；The inventive method uses 5 parameters to describe for the rate pattern of every layer, is respectively as follows: in horizontal direction in fast velocity of longitudinal wave, horizontal direction Slow P-wave speed, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave, level be to the azimuth of fast velocity of longitudinal wave, formation thickness
Fig. 2 is the particular flow sheet of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method of the embodiment of the present invention.As in figure 2 it is shown, the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, specifically include following steps:
Step 1: obtaining the seismic observation data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, this seismic observation data both can be the geological data that field earthquake-capturing obtains, it is also possible to be the forward modeling data for verifying inversion algorithm correctness；
Step 2: seismic observation data is carried out denoising, to eliminate the impact of the noises such as face ripple as much as possible；
Step 3: use earthquake CMP road set information, utilize traditional NMO velocity analysis means, calculate the interval velocity of acline；
Step 4: utilize NMO interval velocity, builds initial model by the mode of interpolation；
Step 5: load the model of initial model or the renewal built, prepares it is carried out inverting optimization；
Step 6: (this strategy is used to inverting to adopt the strategy successively peeled off in the present embodiment, adopt strategy of successively peeling off in order that reduce and need the number of parameters of inverting every time, namely the scale of Jacobian matrix is reduced, reduce the number of system of linear equations unknown number, being unlikely to make matrix morbid state, inverting easily restrains.Other method or strategy can certainly be adopted.), the anisotropic parameters of each inverting adjacent two layers, just have only to 9 parameters of inverting, it may be assumed that fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor horizontal direction so every timei 90F, Slow P-wave speed V in ground floor horizontal directioni 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floori P0, ground floor level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wavei, ground floor formation thickness hi, fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer horizontal directioni +1 90F, Slow P-wave speed V in second layer horizontal directioni+1 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of the second layeri+1 P0, second layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wavei+1；
Step 7: each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, generates the new model after corresponding disturbance；
Step 8: based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopts finite difference method, the model after initial model and parameter perturbation carries out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation respectively, and what generate each model just drills seismic wavefield data；
Step 9: the seismic wavefield data generated after forward modeling is carried out bandpass filtering, in order to remove some noises that numerical computations is brought；
Step 10: calculated wave field error vector by observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data, is calculated Jacobian matrix by the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance；
Step 11: use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solves Jacobian matrix and the system of linear equations of wave field error vector composition, obtains Modifying model amount；
Step 12: use the Modifying model amount that conjugate gradient inversion obtains to carry out Renewal model anisotropic parameters, generate new model anisotropic parameter；
Step 13: the model obtaining inverting updating carries out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation, asks for wave field error vector and object function；
Object function O is the quadratic sum of observation seismic wave field and forward numerical simulation seismic wave field amplitude residual error:AprFor the data of prediction, AobFor observation data, N is the number of samples of time domain
Step 14: judge whether to terminate the Optimization inversion of current formation, enter the Optimization inversion on next stratum.If the change of wave field error vector is less than a minimum or reaches maximum layer inverting iterations, then terminates the Optimization inversion to current formation, return to step 6, start the Optimization inversion to next stratum；Otherwise, continue current formation is optimized inverting；
Step 15: judge whether to terminate inverting.When all stratum were carried out Optimization inversion, and object function is sufficiently small, then terminate this inverting；Or the number of times of model entirety inverting iteration is reached maximum inverting iterations, terminate this inverting equally；Otherwise, return to step 5, Renewal model, enter next round and successively peel off inverting optimization；
Step 16: the velocity of longitudinal wave (V on three orthogonal directions that inverting is obtained90F、V90S、VP0) it is converted into Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters (ε of equal value1、ε2、δ1、δ2、δ3)。
Carry out l-G simulation test checking according to foregoing invention embodiment, devise a horizontal layer geological model with four layers of medium and carry out l-G simulation test.
The geological model schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention l-G simulation test is as shown in Figure 3.Ground floor medium is transverse anisotropy's medium (VerticalTransverseIsotropy, VTI) of vertical axis of symmetry, the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor medium level direction1 90FFor: 2300m/s, ground floor medium level direction Slow P-wave speed V1 90SFor: 2300m/s, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floor medium1 P0For 2000m/s, ground floor level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave1For: 0 degree, thickness is: h1450m, the value of its Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters should be mutually: ε1=δ1=0.15, ε2=δ2=0.15, δ3=0；Second layer medium is orthotropic media (Orthorhombicanisotropy), the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer medium level direction2 90FFor: 2300m/s, second layer medium level direction Slow P-wave speed V2 90SFor: 2300m/s, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of second layer medium2 P0For 2000m/s, second layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave2For: 29 degree, thickness is: h2=350m, the value of its Thomsen dimensionless anisotropic parameters should be mutually: ε1=δ1=0.17, ε2=δ2=0.06, δ3=0.11；Third layer medium is transverse anisotropy's medium (HorizontalTransverseIsotropy, HTI) of horizontal symmetry axis, the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in third layer medium level direction3 90FFor: 2003m/s, third layer medium level direction Slow P-wave speed V3 90SFor: 1830m/s, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of third layer medium3 P0For 2003m/s, third layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave3For: 60 degree, thickness is: h3=150m, the value of its Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters should be mutually: ε1=δ1=0, ε2=δ2=-0.1, δ3=0.11；4th layer of medium is isotropic medium (Isotropy), and velocity of longitudinal wave is: V4 p=3500.
Analogue observation data employ the Forward Modeling identical with in inverting and program, namely based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt the method for finite difference to be simulated producing the seismic response signal of anisotropic medium.Stratum for horizontal distribution, the seismic response signal of common-shot-gather and common midpoint gather is the same, and the geological model that this l-G simulation test uses is layer-cake model, so, in embodiments of the present invention, full waveform inversion is carried out to introduce technical solution of the present invention for the seismic response signal to common-shot-gather.As it is shown on figure 3, hypocentral location is (x, y, z)=(30,30,40) rice, forward simulation uses hypocenter of the explosion, cymoscope is arranged on the grid of a two-dimensional rectangle, and focus is positioned at the same degree of depth, and the offset distance on x and y direction is all from 0 to 1000 meters, and road spacing is 10m, the side of model and bottom surface all adopt absorbing boundary condition, and earth's surface adopts free boundary condition, and wavelet adopts mid frequency to be the Ricker wavelet of 12Hz.
Gathered the seismic response signal data of common-shot-gather by cymoscope, be then pumped into common midpoint gather data by the seismic signal of common-shot-gather, the oscillogram of the seismic response signal of the common midpoint gather obtained.As shown in Figure 4, D is direct wave, R1 is the echo of first reflecting interface between ground floor and second layer medium, and R2 is the echo of second reflecting interface between the second layer and third layer, and R3 is the echo of the 3rd reflecting interface between third and fourth layer.
For same CMP, the common midpoint gather to X and Y both direction respectively, carry out isotropism dynamic(al) correction to estimate initial model parameter.The initial model set up by isotropism dynamic(al) correction ensure that the composite traces of simulation has correct whilst on tour in shortcut evidence, thus avoiding cycle slip so that linear inversion can iteration Step wise approximation correct result.
Each layer uses 5 parameters to describe anisotropy.In order to reduce the number of the unknown number in each iterative process, adopt the strategy successively peeled off, the process of whole for inverting parameters is divided into the refutation process of multiple independent inverting two-layer model, each only inverting adjacent two layers, thus the number of parameters of each inverting is reduced to 9, disturbance parameter 1 to 9 in corresponding diagram 2, wherein 5 is parameter (the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in ground floor horizontal direction of superstratumi 90F, Slow P-wave speed V in ground floor horizontal directioni 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of ground floori P0, ground floor level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wavei, ground floor formation thickness hi), 4 is parameter (the fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in second layer horizontal direction of underlying stratai+1 90F, Slow P-wave speed V in second layer horizontal directioni+1 90S, the vertical velocity of longitudinal wave V of the second layeri+1 P0, second layer level is to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wavei+1), under cover bottom and be considered as the semi-infinite half-space, the thickness on not inverting second layer stratum.
Adopt the strategy successively peeled off, start to layer second from the bottom from ground floor, successively loop inversion, until the complete all of stratum of inverting.For the geological model of the present embodiment l-G simulation test, have 4 layers of medium, employing all stratum of strategy successively loop inversion of peeling off need inverting 3 times, namely first time inverting is for the anisotropic parameters of first and second layers of medium of inverting, second time inverting is for the anisotropic parameters of inverting second and third layer medium, and third time inverting is for the anisotropic parameters of third and fourth layer of medium of inverting.If after first round inverting, error still not up to sufficiently small, then entering second and takes turns successively loop inversion, so iterating, until reaching enough precision.
For the geological model of the present embodiment l-G simulation test, first inverting first and second layers.The ground floor of the geological model of l-G simulation test is VTI medium, and the second layer is orthotropic media；Initial model for inverting uses the dynamic school of isotropism NMO to obtain, and original model parameter is in Table 1.The residual error section of initial model and correct model as shown in Figure 5 a, it can be seen that echo R1, R2 and the R3 of direct wave D and three reflecting interfaces on residual error section.If the parameter of obtain first and second layers of inverting is close to the exact value of true model, then on residual error section, the first reflecting interface echo R1 between direct wave D and ground floor and the second layer will disappear, and echo R2 and R3 then remains unchanged.When Fig. 5 a to Fig. 5 d show first and second layers of inverting difference iterations, at the two-dimentional residual error section at y=1000m place.Fig. 5 b is the residual error section after iteration twice, and Fig. 5 c is the residual error section after iteration five times, and Fig. 5 d is the residual error section after iteration seven times.As shown in Figure 5 b, after iteration twice, direct wave D just without.Echo R1 weakens gradually also with the increase of iterations, but will not be wholly absent.
Table 1
Table 2
After inverting first and second layers, the inversion result of ground floor is as shown in table 1, after inverting first and second layers, the inversion result of the second layer is as shown in table 2, as can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, through seven iterative inversions, the final closely parameter value really and accurately of the parameter of ground floor inverting.The inverted parameters of the second layer there is also some errors, and this result seen with the residual error section shown in Fig. 5 a to Fig. 5 d is consistent.This is because the inverting of ground floor and the second layer, the parameter of ground floor can only be finally inversed by accurately, for the second layer, yet suffer from error, it is necessary to carry out second and third layer inverting to obtain the accurate parameter of the second layer.
Inverting second and third layer medium.With the inversion results of the first and second layers initial model as second and third layer inverting, this initial model is made up of three layers medium.Second and the model parameter of third layer medium realized by reverse simulation R1 and R2 echo.After 5 iterative inversions, second layer medium obtains good inversion result, and after inverting second and third layer, the inversion result of the second layer is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Third and fourth layer of medium of inverting.With the result of the above twice inverting initial model as third and fourth layer of inverting, realize the inverting to third layer and the 4th layer of medium by reverse simulation R2 and R3 echo.Shown in Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b respectively after iteration twice and iteration 4 times, at the two-dimentional residual error section at y=1000m place.Along with the increase of iterations, on residual error section, R2 and R3 echo weakens gradually.After iteration 4 times, residual error section substantially not having had echo, error, less than desired minimum error values, terminates inversion program, and this result is final inversion result.The wave field residual error of the forward simulation data of rate pattern that Fig. 6 b show observation data and final inverting obtains.
Table 4
Finally, the inversion result of four layer models is in Table 4.Inversion result is compared with correct model parameter, and 4 layers of 19 parameter are obtained for good inversion result, and the error of all parameters is both less than 2%.4th layer of equally also matching very good, this is due to the 4th layer of position isotropism half infinite medium, it is only necessary to the constraint of top interface echo is obtained with good inversion result.
By the above-mentioned l-G simulation test that the embodiment of the present invention is carried out, demonstrate the effectiveness of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method, only use the P wave obtained from earth's surface observation data just accurately inverting can obtain all anisotropic parameterses of underground medium.In embodiments of the present invention, utilize simultaneously in geological data when walking and amplitude information, the method adopting full waveform inversion, make Anisotropic parameters inversion result precision high, accurately image for geologic objective provides the foundation on the one hand, the precision of reservoir prediction can be improved on the other hand, especially the accuracy of crack elimination prediction, thus the exploration and development for oil and gas provides technical support.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the device of a kind of seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inverting.Fig. 7 is the allomeric function block diagram of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention, as it is shown in fig. 7, this device includes:
Seismic data acquisition cell, for obtaining the P wave data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion；
Denoising unit, for removing the denoising of face ripple and other interfering noise to geological data；
Velocity analysis unit, uses earthquake CMP road set information, utilizes traditional NMO velocity analysis method, calculate the interval velocity of acline；
Initial model construction unit, the interval velocity that operating speed analytic unit calculates, build the initial model for inverting by the mode of interpolation；
Model parameter disturbance unit, carries out small sample perturbations to each parameter of initial model, regenerates corresponding new model respectively；
Wavefield forward modeling unit, based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopts the method for finite difference to simulate the seismic wave field response of anisotropic medium；
Filter unit, carries out bandpass filtering to the seismic wavefield data generated after forward modeling, in order to remove some noise signals that numerical computations is brought；
Parallel computation unit, seismic wave field forward numerical simulation is computationally intensive, when very expending machine, based on MPI messaging mode, realizes the parallel computation of Simulation of Seismic Wave, improves computational efficiency；
Jacobian matrix generates unit, observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data calculate wave field error vector, the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance calculate Jacobian matrix；
Parameter optimization unit, uses conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solves Jacobian matrix and the system of linear equations of wave field error vector composition, obtains the model anisotropic parameter of renewal；
Anisotropic parameters scaling unit, the orthogonal compressional wave speed on three directions that inverting is obtained is converted into the Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters of equivalence.
The work process of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention describes in detail in method above is implemented, therefore repeats no more.
The advantage of the seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inverting device of the embodiment of the present invention is in that, can utilize simultaneously in geological data when walking and amplitude information, only use the P wave obtained from earth's surface observation data just accurately inverting can obtain all anisotropic parameterses of underground medium so that Anisotropic parameters inversion result precision is high, convergence is fast.
The common scientific research of this area and those of skill will appreciate that all or part of flow process realizing in above-described embodiment, can be completed by the hardware that computer program carrys out instruction relevant, described program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, this program is upon execution, it may include the flow process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, described storage medium can be disk, laser disc, read-only store-memory body (Read-OnlyMemory, ROM) or random store-memory body (RandomAccessMemory, RAM) etc..
Above example only in order to the technical scheme of embodiment to be described, is not intended to limit；Although the embodiment of the present invention being described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, scientific research and the those of ordinary skill of this area are it is understood that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it, or wherein portion of techniques feature carries out equivalent replacement；And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, the invention discloses on the basis of application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, it is not limited solely to the method described by the above-mentioned detailed description of the invention of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is simply preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (6)
1. a seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method, it is characterised in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion, i.e. observed wave field data are obtained；
(2) geological data that step (1) is obtained carries out the data after denoising obtains denoising；
(3) data after the denoising that use step (2) obtains, the coordinate according to shot point and geophone station, extracts common midpoint gather and obtains earthquake CMP road set information, then utilize described earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline；
(4) utilize the interval velocity of the acline that step (3) obtains, build the initial model for inverting by the mode of interpolation；
(5) each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, generate the model after parameter perturbation；
(6) based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopt finite difference method, model after the parameter perturbation that the initial model obtain step (4) and step (5) obtain carries out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation respectively, what generate the model after initial model and parameter perturbation just drills seismic wavefield data, respectively just drills wavefield data after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance；
(7) seismic wavefield data of just drilling that step (6) is obtained carries out bandpass filtering；
(8) calculated wave field error vector by described observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data, the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance calculate Jacobian matrix；
(9) use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm to solve the system of linear equations being made up of described Jacobian matrix and wave field error vector, obtain the anisotropic parameters of renewal, including velocity of longitudinal wave V fast in horizontal direction90F, Slow P-wave speed V in horizontal direction90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave VP0, level to the azimuth angle alpha of fast velocity of longitudinal wave, formation thickness h, the model being made up of the anisotropic parameters updated is the model of renewal；
(10) model of the renewal that step (9) obtains is carried out seismic wave field forward numerical simulation, ask for object function, if the value of object function is not reaching to sufficiently small value e and but without reaching maximum iteration time, then return step (5), if the value of object function reaches sufficiently small value e or reaches maximum iteration time, then proceed to step (11)；
(11) use following three formula by velocity of longitudinal wave V fast in described horizontal direction90F, Slow P-wave speed V in horizontal direction90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave VP0It is converted into the Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equivalence1、ε2And δ3:
2. seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: initial model is divided into N shell by described method from top to bottom, the process of whole for inverting parameters is divided into the refutation process of multiple independent inverting two-layer model, namely successively adjacent two-layer is carried out the step (5) process to step (10)；Using the result of the above two-layer inverting initial model as two-layer inverting below.
3. seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described in described step (5), each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations and is achieved in that for the parameter level azimuth angle alpha to fast velocity of longitudinal wave, following formula calculate the value α after its disturbancep:
αp=α × (1+ (rand-0.5)/10)
Wherein rand is a random number between 0-1.
4. seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described step (7) is specific as follows:
Described geological data is carried out spectrum analysis, determine the parameter of band filter, cut frequency including undercut frequency, low passband, high passband, height, then described seismic wavefield data of just drilling is carried out Fourier transform, in frequency domain, geological data is filtered, then does inverse-Fourier transform again.
5. seismic anisotropy parameter full waveform inversion method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in described step (10), e=1.0E-3 × O0,O0Target function value for initial model.
6. the Anisotropic parameters inversion device realizing method described in claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Seismic data acquisition cell: for obtaining the geological data that will carry out Anisotropic parameters inversion；
Denoising unit: for geological data being removed the denoising of face ripple and other interfering noise；
Velocity analysis unit: use earthquake CMP road set information to calculate the interval velocity of acline；
Initial model construction unit: the interval velocity of the acline that operating speed analytic unit calculates, builds the initial model for inverting by the mode of interpolation；
Model parameter disturbance unit: each parameter of initial model is carried out small sample perturbations, regenerates corresponding new model respectively；
Wavefield forward modeling unit: based on three dimensional anisotropic scalar wave equation, adopts the method for finite difference to simulate the seismic wave field response of anisotropic medium；
Filter unit: the seismic wavefield data generated after forward modeling is carried out bandpass filtering, in order to remove some noise signals that numerical computations is brought；
Parallel computation unit: realize the parallel computation of seismic wave field forward numerical simulation based on MPI messaging mode；
Jacobian matrix generates unit: calculated wave field error vector by observed wave field data and forward modeling wavefield data, the wavefield data of just drilling after forward modeling wavefield data and model parameter disturbance calculate Jacobian matrix；
Parameter optimization unit: use conjugated gradient optimum algorithm, solves Jacobian matrix and the system of linear equations of wave field error vector composition, it is thus achieved that the anisotropic parameters of renewal；
Anisotropic parameters scaling unit: fast velocity of longitudinal wave V in the horizontal direction that inverting is obtained90F, Slow P-wave speed V in horizontal direction90S, vertical velocity of longitudinal wave VP0It is converted into the Tsvankin dimensionless anisotropic parameters ε of equivalence1、ε2And δ3。
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