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CN103764989A - Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103764989A
CN103764989A CN201180073179.8A CN201180073179A CN103764989A CN 103764989 A CN103764989 A CN 103764989A CN 201180073179 A CN201180073179 A CN 201180073179A CN 103764989 A CN103764989 A CN 103764989A
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hydrogen
fuel cell
oxygen
water tank
water
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唐纳德·沃德·欧文斯
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Priority claimed from US13/224,338 external-priority patent/US8449754B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

A portable on-demand hydrogen generation system (1) is provided for producing hydrogen and injecting the hydrogen as a fuel supplement into the intake of an internal combustion engine (32), particularly an internal combustion engine (32) of a vehicle (31). Hydrogen and oxygen are produced by the fuel cell at low temperature and low pressure from water in a supply tank (6). The hydrogen and oxygen are returned to the supply tank (6) for distribution and water conservation. The gas is kept separate by a baffle (17) in the tank (6) and the water level in the tank (6). In the case of a gasoline engine (32), hydrogen is introduced to the intake (38) of the engine (32) and oxygen is vented to the atmosphere. The device (1) is optionally powered by a vehicle battery (33), a stand-alone battery, waste heat of an internal combustion engine (32), or solar energy. The system (1) employs a vacuum switch (35) or other engine sensor that allows the device (1) to be powered, thereby producing hydrogen only when the engine is in operation. Thus, as hydrogen is produced, it is immediately consumed by the engine (32). No hydrogen is stored on, in or around the vehicle (31).

Description

用于内燃机的按需产生氢气的氢气补充系统Hydrogen make-up system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及氢气产生装置。更具体地，本发明涉及可用于内燃机以提高燃料效率并且减少碳排放的氢气补充系统。The present invention relates to a hydrogen generating device. More specifically, the present invention relates to hydrogen supplementation systems that can be used in internal combustion engines to improve fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.

背景技术Background technique

市场上存在多种生成HHO气体的装置，该HHO气体也称为布郎气体，用作汽油和柴油发动机的补充剂。HHO由两个氢与一个氧组成。这些装置通常包含将水分解成氢与氧的电解槽。实例为专利4023405号。这些电解槽通常使用电解质，最显著地是氢氧化钾（KOH）或者碳酸氢钠。对该装置施加电压以生产HHO气体。There are several devices on the market that generate HHO gas, also known as Brown's gas, which is used as a supplement to gasoline and diesel engines. HHO consists of two hydrogens and one oxygen. These devices usually include electrolyzers that split water into hydrogen and oxygen. An example is Patent No. 4,023,405. These electrolyzers typically use electrolytes, most notably potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium bicarbonate. A voltage is applied to the device to produce HHO gas.

大多数这些装置的主要问题是产生氢气所需要的能量对车辆的电气系统造成很大的负荷。类似于在任何车辆内运行空调装置，附加的电负载导致每加仑的英里数减少。尽管氢气通常提高车辆的效率和每加仑的英里数，但在车辆上用于产生氢气的附加的电负载往往高至需要最小化的程度或在许多情况下否定车辆的大部分或全部的里程收益。The main problem with most of these devices is that the energy required to generate the hydrogen places a significant load on the vehicle's electrical system. Similar to running an air conditioning unit in any vehicle, the additional electrical load results in a reduction in miles per gallon. Although hydrogen generally improves vehicle efficiency and miles per gallon, the additional electrical load on the vehicle to produce hydrogen is often so high that it needs to be minimized or in many cases negate most or all of the vehicle's mileage gains .

此外，大多数HHO系统产生混合气流形式的氢气和氧气。氢气与氧气一般没有彼此分离。在现代的汽油动力车辆的情况下，这种额外的氧气被车辆的氧气传感器检测，该氧气传感器将此额外的氧气水平传达给车载计算机，即车辆的电子控制单元ECU。当电子控制单元检测到此额外的氧气时，这是发动机正缩缸（lean）运行且ECU对发动机加入更多汽油的信号。这也否定了大部分的燃料效率收益。Additionally, most HHO systems produce hydrogen and oxygen in a mixed gas stream. Hydrogen and oxygen are generally not separated from each other. In the case of modern gasoline-powered vehicles, this extra oxygen is detected by the vehicle's oxygen sensor, which communicates this extra oxygen level to the on-board computer, the vehicle's Electronic Control Unit, ECU. When the ECU detects this extra oxygen, it is a signal that the engine is running lean and the ECU is adding more gasoline to the engine. It also negates most of the fuel efficiency gains.

再者，HHO系统通常使用碳酸氢钠或者氢氧化钾（KOH）。氢氧化钾通常由于其稳定性且其对用在电解槽中的不锈钢板或其它板产生更低的劣化而比碳酸氢钠优选。但是，氢氧化钾由于其具有腐蚀性而必须小心处理，而且如果处理不当，其结晶体将会造成危险。为了电解槽的最佳运转，电解质正常需要以一定比例注入到单元中。使用它的时候需要格外小心。它不是通常你可以放心地交到没有经验的消费者手中的产品类型。Furthermore, HHO systems typically use sodium bicarbonate or potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium hydroxide is generally preferred over sodium bicarbonate due to its stability and its lower degradation to stainless steel or other plates used in electrolytic cells. However, potassium hydroxide must be handled with care due to its corrosive nature, and its crystals can be dangerous if not handled properly. For optimal operation of the electrolyzer, electrolyte normally needs to be injected into the cell in a certain proportion. Use it with extreme caution. It's not usually the type of product you can safely put into the hands of an inexperienced consumer.

代表性的HHO系统的另一个问题是复杂的安装。通常需要在发动机舱或者车辆外部找到空间。由于所有的车辆不尽相同，在多种车辆的发动机罩下找到合适的地点来安装该装置几乎是不可能的。而且该系统通常连接到车辆的电气系统，如果安装不当，这会导致保险丝烧断和很多其他问题。氢气仅在汽车运行时需要，而不是在打开点火时。在安装过程中，必须小心观察以确保仅在发动机运行时对该装置提供电能。否则氢气会在进气口中累积。这进一步使这些系统的安装复杂化。Another problem with typical HHO systems is complicated installation. Often it is necessary to find space in the engine compartment or on the outside of the vehicle. Since all vehicles are different, finding a suitable spot to install the unit under the hood of many vehicles can be nearly impossible. And the system is usually connected to the vehicle's electrical system, which can lead to blown fuses and a host of other problems if installed incorrectly. Hydrogen is only needed when the car is running, not when the ignition is turned on. During installation, careful observation must be made to ensure that power is only supplied to the unit when the engine is running. Otherwise hydrogen gas will accumulate in the air intake. This further complicates the installation of these systems.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明涉及一种用于产生氢气并将所述氢气注入内燃机，尤其是车辆的内燃机的进气口的按需生产的便携式紧凑型氢气补充系统。氢气与氧气通过燃料电池由供应箱中的水在低温低压下生产。氢气与氧气被送回供应箱以用于分配和水保存。上述气体由箱中的隔板和箱中的水面保持分离。在汽油发动机的情况下，氢气被送到发动机的进气口，而氧气可选择地排放到大气中。该装置可以由车辆交流发电机、独立电池、废热或太阳能提供动力。该系统采用了对该系统提供的动力进行控制的真空开关或其他发动机传感器，由此用于发动机的氢气生产仅在发动机运行时进行。因此，氢气随其产生而立即被发动机消耗。没有氢气储存在车辆上、车辆内或车辆周围。The present invention relates to an on-demand portable compact hydrogen supplementation system for generating hydrogen and injecting said hydrogen into the air intake of an internal combustion engine, in particular a vehicle. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced by fuel cells at low temperature and low pressure from water in supply tanks. Hydrogen and oxygen are returned to the supply tanks for distribution and water conservation. The above-mentioned gases are kept separated by the partition in the tank and the water surface in the tank. In the case of gasoline engines, hydrogen is sent to the intake of the engine, while oxygen is optionally vented to the atmosphere. The unit can be powered by the vehicle alternator, a stand-alone battery, waste heat or solar power. The system employs a vacuum switch or other engine sensor that controls the power provided by the system, whereby hydrogen production for the engine occurs only when the engine is running. Therefore, hydrogen is consumed by the engine immediately as it is produced. No hydrogen is stored on, in or around the vehicle.

附图说明Description of drawings

从以下结合附图看到的示例实施方式和权利要求的详细描述中，本发明的前述内容及更好理解将变得明显，实施方式、权利要求和附图均构成本发明公开内容的一部分。虽然前述和以下所书面描述的公开内容集中于本发明公开的示例实施方式，但应清楚理解的是，本发明公开的示例实施方式是为了说明且仅为示例，本发明不限于此，其中附图的简要说明如下：The foregoing and a better understanding of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of example embodiments and claims read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this disclosure. While the foregoing and following written disclosures focus on the disclosed exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it should be clearly understood that the disclosed exemplary embodiments of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and illustration only and the invention is not limited thereto, wherein the appended A brief description of the diagram follows:

图1为根据本发明示出水箱和壳体设计的便携式氢气补充系统的详图；Figure 1 is a detailed view of a portable hydrogen replenishment system showing a water tank and housing design according to the present invention;

图2示意性示出了根据本发明安装在典型车辆内的便携式氢气补充系统；Figure 2 schematically illustrates a portable hydrogen supplementation system installed in a typical vehicle according to the present invention;

图3为示出了根据本发明的PEM电解槽的运转以及细节的示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation and details of a PEM electrolyzer according to the present invention;

图4为根据本发明的水箱6的另一实施方式的示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the water tank 6 according to the present invention;

图5A-图5B为根据本发明的安装托架3的另一实施方式的示意图；5A-5B are schematic diagrams of another embodiment of the mounting bracket 3 according to the present invention;

图6为根据本发明的控制电路50的一种实施方式的示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control circuit 50 according to the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如下面将更详细描述的，本发明提供了用于提高内燃机的燃料效率并降低碳排放的设备、方法与系统，特别是例如氢气补充系统。本发明提供了如下说明的多种实施方式。然而，应当注意的是，本发明并不限于本文所描述的实施方式，而是可扩展至本领域技术人员已知或将知的其它实施方式。As will be described in more detail below, the present invention provides apparatus, methods and systems for increasing the fuel efficiency and reducing carbon emissions of internal combustion engines, particularly such as hydrogen supplementation systems. The present invention provides various embodiments as described below. It should be noted, however, that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but extends to other embodiments known or will become known to those skilled in the art.

如图1所示，本发明提供了一种便携式氢气补充系统1，氢气补充系统1包括可由安装托架3与紧固单元4固定在车辆的主体（trunk）或其他平整表面上的壳体单元2。燃料电池5和以使水7通过重力供应给燃料电池的方式安置在燃料电池5的上面的水箱6在壳体单元2的内部。水箱6由支撑构件8支撑在壳体单元2内且在燃料电池上方。壳体单元设计为易于从安装托架3拆卸。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a portable hydrogen supplement system 1, the hydrogen supplement system 1 includes a housing unit that can be fixed on the main body (trunk) or other flat surfaces of the vehicle by a mounting bracket 3 and a fastening unit 4 2. The fuel cell 5 and the water tank 6 disposed above the fuel cell 5 in such a manner that water 7 is supplied to the fuel cell by gravity are inside the housing unit 2 . The water tank 6 is supported by the support member 8 within the housing unit 2 above the fuel cell. The housing unit is designed for easy disassembly from the mounting bracket 3 .

水箱6包括安置于其下侧且与管或其它供应构件10连接的供水接头9，上述管或其它供应构件10又连接到燃料电池5上的进水接头11。水通过供应构件10供应至燃料电池5。燃料电池5还包括氢气出口接头12和氧气出口接头13，氢气出口接头12和氧气出口接头13通过管或另外的供应构件14和15与水箱6的下侧的进气接头16连接。水箱包括至少一个隔板17，该隔板17将水箱6分隔成至少两个部分，即氢气部分18与氧气部分19。隔板17沿着水箱6的内壁形成并自水箱6的底表面20延伸约1/4"。水箱6包括允许向该箱注水的充注管口21。随着水放入水箱6中，该箱在隔板17的两侧均匀充注。The water tank 6 comprises a water supply connection 9 arranged on its underside and connected to a pipe or other supply member 10 which in turn is connected to a water inlet connection 11 on the fuel cell 5 . Water is supplied to the fuel cell 5 through the supply member 10 . The fuel cell 5 also comprises a hydrogen outlet connection 12 and an oxygen outlet connection 13 which are connected to an air inlet connection 16 on the underside of the water tank 6 via pipes or further supply members 14 and 15 . The tank comprises at least one partition 17 which divides the tank 6 into at least two parts, a hydrogen part 18 and an oxygen part 19 . A bulkhead 17 is formed along the inner wall of the tank 6 and extends approximately 1/4" from the bottom surface 20 of the tank 6. The tank 6 includes a fill spout 21 that allows water to be filled into the tank. As water is placed in the tank 6, the The tank is filled evenly on both sides of the partition 17 .

公知的用于产生电的燃料电池5被逆向操作来产生氢气与氧气。水自水箱注入燃料电池且在对该电池施加电压时，生产氢气与氧气。A known fuel cell 5 for generating electricity is operated in reverse to generate hydrogen and oxygen. Water is fed from the water tank to the fuel cell and when voltage is applied to the cell, hydrogen and oxygen are produced.

根据本发明，燃料电池5可例如是质子交换膜电解槽或聚合物电解质膜（PEM）电解槽。PEM电解槽包括通常由离聚物制成并且设计为在使诸如氧气或氢气之类的气体无法渗透的同时而传导质子的半透膜。当被并入到质子交换膜燃料电池或质子交换膜电解槽的膜电极组件（MEA）中时，所述半透膜的基本功能是：隔离反应物和传输质子。According to the invention, the fuel cell 5 may for example be a proton exchange membrane electrolyser or a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyser. PEM electrolyzers include a semipermeable membrane, usually made of ionomers, designed to conduct protons while being impermeable to gases such as oxygen or hydrogen. When incorporated into the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell or a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, the basic functions of the semipermeable membrane are: to separate reactants and to transport protons.

已知的是，电解槽是通过施加电能而由水产生氢气和氧气的装置，并且所述电解槽包括一系列板，当施加低电压直流时，水流过所述板。通过通电，电解槽通常通过将化合物分解为基本部分或更简单产物而将水分解成氢气和氧气。An electrolyser is known as a device for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water by application of electrical energy and comprises a series of plates through which water flows when a low voltage direct current is applied. By applying electricity, an electrolyzer splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, usually by breaking down the compounds into their elementary parts or simpler products.

在图3中示出了PEM电解槽。PEM电解槽包括多个层，所述多个层包括：彼此相对布置的外部电极41，所述外部电极41中的一个是阳极41a，而另一个是阴极41b；分别布置在阳极41a和阴极41b上的电催化剂42a和42b；以及布置在电催化剂2a和42b之间的膜43。PEM电解槽进一步包括外部电路44，所述外部电路44以下述方式将电力施加到阳极41a和阴极41b，即，使电力以电子的形式从阳极41a沿外部电路44流动到阴极41b并且使质子从阳极41a穿过膜43到达阴极41b。In FIG. 3 a PEM electrolyzer is shown. The PEM electrolytic cell comprises a plurality of layers including: external electrodes 41 arranged opposite to each other, one of which is an anode 41 a and the other is a cathode 41 b; The electrocatalysts 42a and 42b above; and the membrane 43 arranged between the electrocatalysts 2a and 42b. The PEM electrolyzer further includes an external circuit 44 that applies power to the anode 41a and cathode 41b in such a manner that electricity flows in the form of electrons from the anode 41a along the external circuit 44 to the cathode 41b and protons flow from The anode 41a passes through the membrane 43 to the cathode 41b.

PEM电解槽的效率主要依赖于它的膜和电催化剂的性能。膜43包括固态含氟聚合物，所述固态含氟聚合物被部分地化学改性以包含磺酸基SO3H，所述磺酸基能容易地以带正电荷的原子或H+质子的形式释放它们的氢：SO3H->SO3 -+H+。The efficiency of a PEM electrolyzer mainly depends on the performance of its membrane and electrocatalyst. Membrane 43 comprises a solid fluoropolymer that has been partially chemically modified to contain sulfonic acid groups SO 3 H that can readily convert to positively charged atoms or H + protons. form release their hydrogen: SO 3 H->SO 3 - +H + .

这些离子或带电荷的形式使得水可以透过膜结构而不产生气体，即不产生氢气H2和氧气O2分子。所产生的水合质子H3O+可自由移动而磺酸盐离子SO3 -保留固定在聚合物侧链上。因此，当对膜43施加电场时，水合质子被吸引到带负电荷的电极，即阴极41b。因为移动的电荷相当于电流，膜43充当电的导体。也可称为质子导体。These ions or charged forms allow water to permeate the membrane structure without gas generation, i.e. without generation of hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 molecules. The generated hydrated protons H 3 O + are free to move while the sulfonate ions SO 3 − remain fixed on the polymer side chains. Therefore, when an electric field is applied to the membrane 43, the hydrated protons are attracted to the negatively charged electrode, the cathode 41b. Because the moving charges correspond to an electric current, the membrane 43 acts as a conductor of electricity. Also known as a proton conductor.

所使用的典型的膜材料被称为“全氟磺酸（nafion）”。全氟磺酸是包含小比例磺酸基或羧酸基离子官能基的全氟化聚合物。A typical membrane material used is called "nafion". Perfluorosulfonic acids are perfluorinated polymers containing a small proportion of sulfonic or carboxylate ionic functional groups.

因此，如图3所示，水H2O进入电池并且在膜43的表面被分解以形成质子、电子以及气态氧。当质子在所施加的电场的影响下穿过膜43并且电子通过外部电路44时，气态氧离开所述电池。质子和电子在相对的表面处（即作为阴极41b已知的带负电荷的电极）结合，以形成纯净的气态氢。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, water H2O enters the cell and is decomposed at the surface of the membrane 43 to form protons, electrons and gaseous oxygen. Gaseous oxygen leaves the cell when protons pass through the membrane 43 and electrons pass through the external circuit 44 under the influence of the applied electric field. The protons and electrons combine at the opposing surface, ie the negatively charged electrode known as cathode 41b, to form pure gaseous hydrogen.

在燃料电池5的运转过程中，少量的水、氢气泡22和氧气泡23分别从燃料电池5的氢气出口12和氧气出口13冒出并流入箱6的氢气侧18和氧气侧19。上述气泡经过水上升到由箱内的水面和箱隔板17形成的上部空气腔体24。氢气与氧气在上部腔体24内由隔板17和箱内的水面保持彼此分离。随着氢气与氧气充注它们各自的上部腔体24，氢气通过上述箱上侧的接头25流出上部腔体，氧气通过上述箱上侧的接头26流出上部腔体。氢气通过与壳体单元2的氢气接头28连接的管27流动。氧气通过与壳体单元2的接头30连接的管29流动。During operation of the fuel cell 5 , small amounts of water, hydrogen bubbles 22 and oxygen bubbles 23 emerge from the hydrogen outlet 12 and oxygen outlet 13 of the fuel cell 5 respectively and flow into the hydrogen side 18 and oxygen side 19 of the tank 6 . Above-mentioned air bubble rises to the upper air cavity 24 formed by the water surface in the tank and the tank partition 17 through the water. The hydrogen and oxygen are kept separated from each other in the upper chamber 24 by the partition 17 and the water surface in the tank. As the hydrogen and oxygen fill their respective upper chambers 24, the hydrogen flows out of the upper chambers through connection 25 on the upper side of the tank and the oxygen flows out of the upper chamber through connection 26 on the upper side of the tank. Hydrogen flows through a pipe 27 connected to a hydrogen connection 28 of the housing unit 2 . Oxygen flows through a pipe 29 connected to a connection 30 of the housing unit 2 .

如图2所示，由汽油或柴油发动机32提供动力的车辆31装配有便携式氢气补充系统1。由连接至电线34的车辆电池33对便携式氢气补充系统1供电。氢气补充系统的电路包括真空开关35或其它发动机传感器，以及操作控制开关（operator controlled switch）36，操作控制开关36在发动机运行时接通便携式氢气补充系统1的电路。一旦对便携式氢气补充系统1供电，氢气通过与壳体单元2的氢气接头28连接的氢气出口管37流到车辆发动机32的进气口38。氧气通过氧气出口管39流动，并在具有氧气传感器的汽油发动机的情况下排放到大气中。上述两种气体能够可选地结合用于不具有氧气传感器的柴油发动机车辆或其它内燃机。As shown in FIG. 2 , a vehicle 31 powered by a gasoline or diesel engine 32 is equipped with a portable hydrogen replenishment system 1 . The portable hydrogen replenishment system 1 is powered by a vehicle battery 33 connected to an electrical line 34 . The circuit of the hydrogen replenishment system includes a vacuum switch 35 or other engine sensors, and an operator controlled switch 36. The operator controlled switch 36 connects the circuit of the portable hydrogen replenishment system 1 when the engine is running. Once the portable hydrogen replenishment system 1 is powered, the hydrogen flows through the hydrogen outlet tube 37 connected to the hydrogen connection 28 of the housing unit 2 to the air intake 38 of the vehicle engine 32 . Oxygen flows through the oxygen outlet pipe 39 and is exhausted into the atmosphere in the case of gasoline engines with an oxygen sensor. The above two gases can optionally be combined for diesel engine vehicles or other internal combustion engines that do not have an oxygen sensor.

图4中示出了水箱6的一个替代实施方式。根据如图4中所示的水箱6，隔板17a和17b被配置在箱的相对两端以将水箱6分隔成氢气部分18和氧气部分19。各隔板17a,17b沿着水箱6的内壁形成并自水箱6的底表面20延伸约1/4"。随着水放入水箱6中，该箱在各隔板17a和17b的两侧均匀充注。An alternative embodiment of the water tank 6 is shown in FIG. 4 . According to the water tank 6 as shown in FIG. 4 , partitions 17 a and 17 b are arranged at opposite ends of the tank to divide the water tank 6 into a hydrogen portion 18 and an oxygen portion 19 . Each partition 17a, 17b is formed along the inner wall of the tank 6 and extends approximately 1/4" from the bottom surface 20 of the tank 6. As water is placed in the tank 6, the tank is evenly spaced on either side of each partition 17a and 17b. charge.

根据本发明之前所述的，随着氢气与氧气注入它们各自的上部腔体24，氢气通过上述箱上侧的接头25流出上部腔体，氧气通过上述箱上侧的接头26流出上部腔体。或者，所述接头25和26可由气体收集器45和46替代。各气体收集器45,46被构造为包括挡板47a和47b，所述挡板47a和47b用于防止水溅入或进入到管27和29中。各挡板47a,47b配置为从气体收集器45和46的内表面垂直伸出。具体来说，挡板47a配置为从气体收集器45,46的内表面的一部分延伸，该内表面的一部分与所述气体收集器45,46的内表面的另一部分相对，挡板47b从所述气体收集器45,46的内表面的另一部分延伸。According to the present invention, as hydrogen and oxygen are injected into their respective upper chambers 24, the hydrogen flows out of the upper chamber through the connection 25 on the upper side of the tank, and the oxygen flows out of the upper chamber through the connection 26 on the upper side of the tank. Alternatively, said joints 25 and 26 may be replaced by gas collectors 45 and 46 . Each gas collector 45 , 46 is configured to include baffles 47 a and 47 b for preventing water from splashing or entering the tubes 27 and 29 . The respective baffles 47a, 47b are configured to protrude vertically from the inner surfaces of the gas collectors 45 and 46 . Specifically, the baffle 47a is configured to extend from a portion of the inner surface of the gas collector 45, 46, a portion of the inner surface is opposite to another portion of the inner surface of the gas collector 45, 46, and the baffle 47b extends from the inner surface of the gas collector 45,46. Another portion of the inner surface of the gas collectors 45, 46 extends.

图5A-图5B中示出了安装托架3的一个替代实施方式。安装托架3具有形成在其中的安置在安装托架3的角部附近的椭圆形孔48，椭圆形孔48用于容纳布置在壳体单元2的底凸缘（undersigned）上的螺钉/双头螺柱。椭圆形孔48通过容纳布置在壳体单元2的底凸缘上的螺钉/双头螺柱而使得壳体单元2能够被可拆卸地附接到安装托架3上。壳体单元2可从安装托架3上拆卸，这就允许使用者拆卸该装置以便进行包括加水、进行维修、更换部件及其它在内的维护。An alternative embodiment of the mounting bracket 3 is shown in FIGS. 5A-5B . The mounting bracket 3 has formed therein an oval hole 48 disposed near a corner of the mounting bracket 3 for accommodating a screw/double screw arranged on the undersigned of the housing unit 2 . head stud. The oblong holes 48 enable the housing unit 2 to be detachably attached to the mounting bracket 3 by receiving screws/studs arranged on the bottom flange of the housing unit 2 . The housing unit 2 is detachable from the mounting bracket 3, which allows the user to disassemble the device for maintenance including refilling, servicing, replacing parts and others.

举例而言，电路可由如图6所示的用于控制氢气补充系统的控制电路50而提供。控制电路50包括真空开关35或者其它发动机传感器、操作控制开关36、全球定位系统（GPS）51、与门电路52或其它类似电路以及开关53，所述真空开关35或者其它发动机传感器在发动机运转时提供正输出，所述操作控制开关36在所述操作控制开关36被移动到接通位置时提供来自所述真空开关35的正输出，所述全球定位系统51在汽车的速度超过预定的水平时提供正输出，所述与门电路52或其它类似电路在所述操作控制开关36和所述GPS51的输出都为正时提供正输出，所述开关53在所述与门电路52供给正输出时将电力切换给所述燃料电池5，因此使得所述燃料电池5在发动机运转并且汽车速度超过预定水平时运转。For example, the circuit may be provided by a control circuit 50 for controlling a hydrogen supplementation system as shown in FIG. 6 . The control circuit 50 includes a vacuum switch 35 or other engine sensor that is activated when the engine is running, an operator control switch 36, a global positioning system (GPS) 51, an AND circuit 52 or other similar circuit, and a switch 53. To provide a positive output, the operation control switch 36 provides a positive output from the vacuum switch 35 when the operation control switch 36 is moved to the on position, the GPS 51 when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined level Provide a positive output, the AND gate circuit 52 or other similar circuits provide a positive output when the outputs of the operation control switch 36 and the GPS51 are positive, and the switch 53 provides a positive output when the AND gate circuit 52 supplies a positive output Power is switched to the fuel cell 5, thus allowing the fuel cell 5 to operate when the engine is running and the vehicle speed exceeds a predetermined level.

当发动机的负载没有超过预定水平且由氢气补充系统生产并且供应到汽油动力发动机的氢气的量落入预设的范围之内时，所述氢气补充系统在汽油动力发动机中最佳地运转。The hydrogen supplementation system operates optimally in a gasoline powered engine when the load of the engine does not exceed a predetermined level and the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen supplementation system and supplied to the gasoline powered engine falls within a preset range.

在汽油动力发动机中，氢气补充系统所使用的电力由发动机交流发电机供应。如上所述，仅仅当发动机运转并且汽车速度超过预定水平时，才供应电力。因此，氢气补充系统施加在发动机上的负载与从交流发电机中取得的电力（以安培为单位测量）量有关。最佳地，当发动机上的负载不超过4安培的从交流发电机取得的电流或以另外一种方式测量的不超过56瓦特时，氢气补充系统在汽油动力发动机上最好地运转。应注意，安培或瓦特的量取决于发动机和交流发电机的规格（四、六或八汽缸，等等）。还应注意，柴油发动机具有不同的最佳负载设置。In gasoline powered engines, the electricity used by the hydrogen supplementation system is supplied by the engine alternator. As mentioned above, power is supplied only when the engine is running and the vehicle's speed exceeds a predetermined level. Therefore, the load placed on the engine by the hydrogen make-up system is related to the amount of power (measured in amperes) drawn from the alternator. Optimally, the hydrogen supplemental system operates best on a gasoline powered engine when the load on the engine does not exceed 4 amps of current drawn from the alternator, or 56 watts as measured otherwise. It should be noted that the amount of amps or watts depends on the size of the engine and alternator (four, six or eight cylinders, etc.). It should also be noted that diesel engines have different optimal load settings.

另外，在汽油动力发动机中，氢气补充系统产生并且供应到汽油动力发动机的最佳的氢气量落在0.10～0.25升/每分钟的预设范围内。In addition, in the gasoline-powered engine, the optimum amount of hydrogen generated by the hydrogen supplement system and supplied to the gasoline-powered engine falls within a preset range of 0.10˜0.25 liters/minute.

在上述的基础上，当发动机上的负载不超过4安培或以另外一种方式测量的不超过56瓦特并且氢气补充系统产生并供应到汽油动力发动机的氢气量落在0.10～0.25升/每分钟的预设范围内时，汽油动力发动机取得了最高的燃油效率（以公里/加仑来测量）。On the basis of the above, when the load on the engine does not exceed 4 amps or 56 watts as measured in another way and the amount of hydrogen produced by the hydrogen make-up system and supplied to the gasoline-powered engine falls within the range of 0.10 to 0.25 liters per minute Gasoline-powered engines achieve the highest fuel efficiency (measured in kilometers per gallon) when within the preset range of .

虽然已经描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但应该理解，在不脱离本发明的精神与范围可以对其进行多种修改。所有此类修改均落入所附权利要求的范围。While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, it should be understood that various modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. All such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (76)

1. a portable hydrogen make system, for combustion motor supply of hydrogen, described portable hydrogen make system comprises:
Housing unit;
Fuel cell, is arranged in described housing unit, converts water to hydrogen and oxygen;
Water tank, is arranged in described housing unit, is arranged as to described fuel cell supply water;
Power supply, for to described fuel cell-powered;
Engine sensor, for detection of the running of described internal-combustion engine; With
Operation-control switch,
Wherein, described water tank comprises at least one separator for container, and described separator for container is separated at least two parts by described water tank, and while being placed into water in described water tank, described at least two parts all fill water;
Wherein, described water tank at least comprises that at its top described gas collection cavity is formed by the water surface in the top surface of described water tank, described separator for container and described water tank for collecting respectively the first gas collection cavity and the second gas collection cavity of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, described in each, gas collection cavity comprises at its top for distributing a kind of joint to described water tank of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, at described engine sensor, described internal-combustion engine detected when turning round and described operation-control switch is activated, described power supply is to described fuel cell-powered;
Wherein, when power supply, described fuel cell is by the aquatic hydrogen producing and the oxygen that are fed in described fuel cell, the described water tank of the directed process of described hydrogen and oxygen enters in the described gas collection cavity of described tank top and distributes for suitable gas, thereby hydrogen is supplied in internal-combustion engine for the burning in described internal-combustion engine;
Wherein, described internal-combustion engine is petrol power motor; And
Wherein, when the load of described petrol power motor does not surpass predeterminated level, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
2. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 1, wherein, the load of described petrol power motor be no more than the electric current of being obtained by the engine-driven alternator of described petrol power of 4 amperes or in another mode, measure be no more than 56 watts.
3. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 1, wherein, when being produced and being fed to the amounts of hydrogen of described petrol power motor by described system and fall within default scope, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
4. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 1, wherein, described portable hydrogen make system is installed to by oil-engine driven vehicle by the mounting bracket being attached on surface of vehicle.
5. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 4, wherein, described mounting bracket has near the slotted eye bight that is placed in described mounting bracket being formed on wherein, and described slotted eye is used for holding the screw/stud on the bottom flange that is arranged in housing unit, and
Wherein, described slotted eye can removably be attached on described mounting bracket described housing unit by the screw/stud holding on the bottom flange that is arranged in described housing unit, thereby allows to remove described portable hydrogen make system to safeguard.
6. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 1, wherein, described water tank is placed in the top of described fuel cell.
7. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 1, further comprises:
Control circuit, described control circuit has switch, and when described engine sensor detects described internal-combustion engine in running, described control circuit is to described fuel cell-powered.
8. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 1, wherein, described fuel cell comprises:
A plurality of layers; And
Wherein, electric power is applied to the relative layer of described fuel cell to produce the mode of hydrogen and oxygen.
9. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 4, wherein, described water tank comprises:
Water supply joint, described water supply joint is placed in the downside of described water tank and is connected with the pipe that is connected to the water supply connector on described fuel cell,
Wherein, water is fed to described fuel cell by described pipe, and
Wherein, described fuel cell further comprises hydrogen outlet joint and oxygen outlet joint, and described hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the air input joint of water tank downside by other pipe with oxygen outlet joint.
10. portable hydrogen make system according to claim 9, wherein, in the operation process of fuel cell, a small amount of water, bubble hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are emerged and flow into hydrogen gas side and the oxygen side of described water tank from the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell and oxygen outlet respectively
Wherein, bubble, through waterborne being raised in the upper air cavity being formed by the water surface in case and separator for container, makes hydrogen and oxygen by described dividing plate, keep separated from one another in described upper chamber, and
Wherein, along with hydrogen and oxygen fill their upper chamber separately, gas flows out described upper chamber by hydrogen joint and oxygen connection.
11. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 10, wherein, described hydrogen joint and oxygen connection can be substituted by gas collector respectively, and described gas collector is constructed to comprise the baffle plate that is splashed into or enters described pipe for anti-sealing.
12. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 11, wherein, each baffle plate is constructed to vertically stretch out from the internal surface of gas collector, and
Wherein, the first baffle arrange-ment is to extend from a part for the internal surface of gas collector, and a part for described internal surface is relative with another part of the internal surface of described gas collector, and second baffle extends from another part of the internal surface of described gas collector.
13. 1 kinds of methods that hydrogen are fed to internal-combustion engine, comprising:
By the fuel cell being arranged in housing unit, convert water to hydrogen and oxygen;
By the water tank being arranged in described housing unit, to described fuel cell, supply water;
By engine sensor, detected the running of described internal-combustion engine;
At described engine sensor, described internal-combustion engine detected in running and described operation-control switch while being activated, by power supply to described fuel cell-powered;
When power supply, by described fuel cell, by the aquatic hydrogen producing and the oxygen that are fed in described fuel cell, the described water tank of the directed process of described hydrogen and oxygen enters in the corresponding gas collection cavity of described tank top and distributes for suitable gas; And
Hydrogen is fed in internal-combustion engine for the burning in described internal-combustion engine,
Wherein, described water tank comprises at least one separator for container, and described separator for container is separated at least two parts by described water tank, and while putting into water in described water tank, described at least two parts all fill water;
Wherein, described in each, gas collection cavity comprises at its top for distributing a kind of joint to described water tank of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, described internal-combustion engine is petrol power motor; And
Wherein, when the load of described petrol power motor does not surpass predeterminated level, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
14. methods according to claim 13, wherein, the load of described petrol power motor be no more than the electric current of being obtained by the engine-driven alternator of described petrol power of 4 amperes or in another mode, measure be no more than 56 watts.
15. methods according to claim 13, wherein, when being produced and being fed to the amounts of hydrogen of described petrol power motor by described system and fall within default scope, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
16. methods according to claim 13, wherein, described portable hydrogen make system is installed to by oil-engine driven vehicle by the mounting bracket being attached on surface of vehicle.
17. methods according to claim 16, wherein, described mounting bracket has near the slotted eye bight that is placed in described mounting bracket being formed on wherein, and described slotted eye is used for holding the screw/stud on the bottom flange that is arranged in housing unit, and
Wherein, described slotted eye can removably be attached on described mounting bracket described housing unit by the screw/stud holding on the bottom flange that is arranged in described housing unit, thereby allows to remove described portable hydrogen make system to safeguard.
18. methods according to claim 13, wherein, described water tank is placed in the top of described fuel cell.
19. methods according to claim 13, wherein, when described engine sensor detects described internal-combustion engine in running, have the control circuit of switch to described fuel cell-powered.
20. methods according to claim 13, wherein, described fuel cell comprises:
A plurality of layers; And
Wherein, electric power is applied to the relative layer of described fuel cell to produce the mode of hydrogen and oxygen.
21. methods according to claim 16, wherein, described water tank comprises:
Water supply joint, described water supply joint is placed in the downside of described water tank and is connected with the pipe that is connected to the water supply connector on described fuel cell,
Wherein, water is fed to described fuel cell by described pipe, and
Wherein, described fuel cell further comprises hydrogen outlet joint and oxygen outlet joint, and described hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the air input joint of water tank downside by other pipe with oxygen outlet joint.
22. methods according to claim 21, wherein, in the operation process of fuel cell, a small amount of water, bubble hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are emerged and flow into hydrogen gas side and the oxygen side of described water tank from the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell and oxygen outlet respectively,
Wherein, bubble, through waterborne being raised in the upper air cavity being formed by the water surface in case and separator for container, makes hydrogen and oxygen by described dividing plate, keep separated from one another in described upper chamber, and
Wherein, along with hydrogen and oxygen fill their upper chamber separately, gas flows out described upper chamber by hydrogen joint and oxygen connection.
23. methods according to claim 22, wherein, described hydrogen joint and oxygen connection can be substituted by gas collector respectively, and described gas collector is constructed to comprise the baffle plate that is splashed into or enters described pipe for anti-sealing.
24. methods according to claim 23, wherein, each baffle plate is constructed to vertically stretch out from the internal surface of gas collector, and
Wherein, the first baffle arrange-ment is to extend from a part for the internal surface of gas collector, and a part for described internal surface is relative with another part of the internal surface of described gas collector, and second baffle extends from another part of the internal surface of described gas collector.
25. 1 kinds of portable hydrogen make systems, for combustion motor supply of hydrogen, described portable hydrogen make system comprises:
Housing unit;
Fuel cell, is arranged in described housing unit, converts water to hydrogen and oxygen;
Water tank, is arranged in described housing unit, is arranged as to described fuel cell supply water;
Power supply, for to described fuel cell-powered;
Engine sensor, for detection of the running of described internal-combustion engine; With
Operation-control switch,
Wherein, described water tank comprises at least one separator for container, and described separator for container is separated at least two parts by described water tank, and while being placed into water in described water tank, described at least two parts all fill water;
Wherein, described water tank at least comprises that at its top described gas collection cavity is formed by the water surface in the top surface of described water tank, described separator for container and described water tank for collecting respectively the first gas collection cavity and the second gas collection cavity of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, described in each, gas collection cavity comprises at its top for distributing a kind of joint to described water tank of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, at described engine sensor, described internal-combustion engine detected when turning round and described operation-control switch is activated, described power supply is to described fuel cell-powered;
Wherein, when power supply, described fuel cell is by the aquatic hydrogen producing and the oxygen that are fed in described fuel cell, the described water tank of the directed process of described hydrogen and oxygen enters in the described gas collection cavity of described tank top and distributes for suitable gas, thereby hydrogen is supplied in internal-combustion engine for the burning in described internal-combustion engine;
Wherein, described internal-combustion engine is petrol power motor; And
Wherein, when being produced and being fed to the amounts of hydrogen of described petrol power motor by described system and fall within default scope, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
26. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 25, wherein, when the load of described petrol power motor does not surpass predeterminated level, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
27. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 25, wherein, in described petrol power motor, the best amounts of hydrogen of producing and be fed to described petrol power motor by described system is in the scope of 0.10～0.25 liter/min.
28. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 25, wherein, described portable hydrogen make system is installed to by oil-engine driven vehicle by the mounting bracket being attached on surface of vehicle.
29. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 28, wherein, described mounting bracket has near the slotted eye bight that is placed in described mounting bracket being formed on wherein, and described slotted eye is used for holding the screw/stud on the bottom flange that is arranged in housing unit, and
Wherein, described slotted eye can removably be attached on described mounting bracket described housing unit by the screw/stud holding on the bottom flange that is arranged in described housing unit, thereby allows to remove described portable hydrogen make system to safeguard.
30. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 25, wherein, described water tank is placed in the top of described fuel cell.
31. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 25, further comprise:
Control circuit, described control circuit has switch, and when described engine sensor detects described internal-combustion engine in running, described control circuit is to described fuel cell-powered.
32. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 25, wherein, described fuel cell comprises:
A plurality of layers; And
Wherein, electric power is applied to the relative layer of described fuel cell to produce the mode of hydrogen and oxygen.
33. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 28, wherein, described water tank comprises:
Water supply joint, described water supply joint is placed in the downside of described water tank and is connected with the pipe that is connected to the water supply connector on described fuel cell,
Wherein, water is fed to described fuel cell by described pipe, and
Wherein, described fuel cell further comprises hydrogen outlet joint and oxygen outlet joint, and described hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the air input joint of water tank downside by other pipe with oxygen outlet joint.
34. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 33, wherein, in the operation process of fuel cell, a small amount of water, bubble hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are emerged and flow into hydrogen gas side and the oxygen side of described water tank from the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell and oxygen outlet respectively
Wherein, bubble, through waterborne being raised in the upper air cavity being formed by the water surface in case and separator for container, makes hydrogen and oxygen by described dividing plate, keep separated from one another in described upper chamber, and
Wherein, along with hydrogen and oxygen fill their upper chamber separately, gas flows out described upper chamber by hydrogen joint and oxygen connection.
35. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 34, wherein, described hydrogen joint and oxygen connection can be substituted by gas collector respectively, and described gas collector is constructed to comprise the baffle plate that is splashed into or enters described pipe for anti-sealing.
36. portable hydrogen make systems according to claim 35, wherein, each baffle plate is constructed to vertically stretch out from the internal surface of gas collector, and
Wherein, the first baffle arrange-ment is to extend from a part for the internal surface of gas collector, and a part for described internal surface is relative with another part of the internal surface of described gas collector, and second baffle extends from another part of the internal surface of described gas collector.
37. 1 kinds of methods that hydrogen are fed to internal-combustion engine, comprising:
By the fuel cell being arranged in housing unit, convert water to hydrogen and oxygen;
By described water tank in described housing unit being installed to described fuel cell supply water;
By engine sensor, detected the running of described internal-combustion engine;
At described engine sensor, described internal-combustion engine detected in running and described operation-control switch while being activated, by described power supply to described fuel cell-powered;
When power supply, by described fuel cell, by the aquatic hydrogen producing and the oxygen that are fed in described fuel cell, the described water tank of the directed process of described hydrogen and oxygen enters in the corresponding gas collection cavity of described tank top and distributes for suitable gas; And
Hydrogen is fed in internal-combustion engine for the burning in described internal-combustion engine,
Wherein, described water tank comprises at least one separator for container, and described separator for container is separated at least two parts by described water tank, and while putting into water in described water tank, described at least two parts all fill water;
Wherein, described in each, gas collection cavity comprises at its top for distributing a kind of joint to described water tank of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, described internal-combustion engine is petrol power motor; And
Wherein, when being produced and being fed to the amounts of hydrogen of described petrol power motor by described system and fall within default scope, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
38. according to the method described in claim 37, and wherein, when the load of described petrol power motor does not surpass predeterminated level, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
39. according to the method described in claim 37, and wherein, in described petrol power motor, the best amounts of hydrogen of producing and be fed to described petrol power motor by described system is in the scope of 0.10～0.25 liter/min.
40. according to the method described in claim 37, and wherein, described portable hydrogen make system is installed to by oil-engine driven vehicle by the mounting bracket being attached on surface of vehicle.
41. according to the method described in claim 40, wherein, described mounting bracket has near the slotted eye bight that is placed in described mounting bracket being formed on wherein, and described slotted eye is used for holding the screw/stud on the bottom flange that is arranged in housing unit, and
Wherein, described slotted eye can removably be attached on described mounting bracket described housing unit by the screw/stud holding on the bottom flange that is arranged in described housing unit, thereby allows to remove described portable hydrogen make system to safeguard.
42. according to the method described in claim 37, and wherein, described water tank is placed in the top of described fuel cell.
43. according to the method described in claim 37, wherein, when described engine sensor detects described internal-combustion engine in running, has the control circuit of switch to described fuel cell-powered.
44. according to the method described in claim 37, and wherein, described fuel cell comprises:
A plurality of layers; And
Wherein, electric power is applied to the relative layer of described fuel cell to produce the mode of hydrogen and oxygen.
45. according to the method described in claim 40, and wherein, described water tank comprises:
Water supply joint, described water supply joint is placed in the downside of described water tank and is connected with the pipe that is connected to the water supply connector on described fuel cell,
Wherein, water is fed to described fuel cell by described pipe, and
Wherein, described fuel cell further comprises hydrogen outlet joint and oxygen outlet joint, and described hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the air input joint of water tank downside by other pipe with oxygen outlet joint.
46. according to the method described in claim 45, and wherein, in the operation process of fuel cell, a small amount of water, bubble hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are emerged and flow into hydrogen gas side and the oxygen side of described water tank from the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell and oxygen outlet respectively,
Wherein, bubble, through waterborne being raised in the upper air cavity being formed by the water surface in case and separator for container, makes hydrogen and oxygen by described dividing plate, keep separated from one another in described upper chamber, and
Wherein, along with hydrogen and oxygen fill their upper chamber separately, gas flows out described upper chamber by hydrogen joint and oxygen connection.
47. according to the method described in claim 46, and wherein, described hydrogen joint and oxygen connection can be substituted by gas collector respectively, and described gas collector is constructed to comprise the baffle plate that is splashed into or enters described pipe for anti-sealing.
48. according to the method described in claim 47, and wherein, each baffle plate is constructed to vertically stretch out from the internal surface of gas collector, and
Wherein, the first baffle arrange-ment is to extend from a part for the internal surface of gas collector, and a part for described internal surface is relative with another part of the internal surface of described gas collector, and second baffle extends from another part of the internal surface of described gas collector.
49. 1 kinds of portable hydrogen make systems, for combustion motor supply of hydrogen, described portable hydrogen make system comprises:
Housing unit;
Fuel cell, is arranged in described housing unit, converts water to hydrogen and oxygen;
Water tank, is arranged in described housing unit, is arranged as to described fuel cell supply water;
Power supply, for to described fuel cell-powered;
Engine sensor, for detection of the running of described internal-combustion engine; With
Operation-control switch,
Wherein, described water tank comprises at least one separator for container, and described separator for container is separated at least two parts by described water tank, and while being placed into water in described water tank, described at least two parts all fill water;
Wherein, described water tank at least comprises that at its top described gas collection cavity is formed by the water surface in the top surface of described water tank, described separator for container and described water tank for collecting respectively the first gas collection cavity and the second gas collection cavity of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, described in each, gas collection cavity comprises at its top for distributing a kind of joint to described water tank of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, at described engine sensor, described internal-combustion engine detected when turning round and described operation-control switch is activated, described power supply is to described fuel cell-powered;
Wherein, when power supply, described fuel cell is by the aquatic hydrogen producing and the oxygen that are fed in described fuel cell, the described water tank of the directed process of described hydrogen and oxygen enters in the described gas collection cavity of described tank top and distributes for suitable gas, thereby hydrogen is supplied in internal-combustion engine for the burning in described internal-combustion engine;
Wherein, described portable hydrogen make system further comprises circuit, and described circuit comprises engine sensor and operation-control switch;
Wherein, described circuit is controlled the running of described portable hydrogen make system.
50. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 49, wherein, described circuit is provided by control circuit, described control circuit comprises engine sensor, operation-control switch, global positioning system (GPS), AND circuit and switch, described engine sensor provides positive output when engine running, described operation-control switch provides the positive output from described engine sensor when described operation-control switch is moved on positi, described global positioning system provides positive output when the speed of automobile surpasses predetermined level, described AND circuit in the output of described operation-control switch and described GPS all for timing provides positive output, described switch switches electric power to described fuel cell when described AND circuit is supplied with positive output, thereby described fuel cell when surpassing predeterminated level, engine running and car speed is turned round.
51. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 49, and wherein, described internal-combustion engine is petrol power motor; And
Wherein, when being produced and being fed to the amounts of hydrogen of petrol power motor by described system and fall within default scope, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
52. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 51, and wherein, when the load of described petrol power motor does not surpass predeterminated level, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
53. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 51, and wherein, in described petrol power motor, the best amounts of hydrogen of producing and be fed to described petrol power motor by described system is in the scope of 0.10～0.25 liter/min.
54. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 49, and wherein, described portable hydrogen make system is installed to by oil-engine driven vehicle by the mounting bracket being attached on surface of vehicle.
55. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 54, wherein, described mounting bracket has near the slotted eye bight that is placed in described mounting bracket being formed on wherein, and described slotted eye is used for holding the screw/stud on the bottom flange that is arranged in housing unit, and
Wherein, described slotted eye can removably be attached on described mounting bracket described housing unit by the screw/stud holding on the bottom flange that is arranged in described housing unit, thereby allows to remove described portable hydrogen make system to safeguard.
56. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 49, and wherein, described water tank is placed in the top of described fuel cell.
57. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 49, further comprises:
Control circuit, described control circuit has switch, and when described engine sensor detects described internal-combustion engine in running, described control circuit is to described fuel cell-powered.
58. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 49, and wherein, described fuel cell comprises:
A plurality of layers; And
Wherein, electric power is applied to the relative layer of described fuel cell to produce the mode of hydrogen and oxygen.
59. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 56, and wherein, described water tank comprises:
Water supply joint, described water supply joint is placed in the downside of described water tank and is connected with the pipe that is connected to the water supply connector on described fuel cell,
Wherein, water is fed to described fuel cell by described pipe, and
Wherein, described fuel cell further comprises hydrogen outlet joint and oxygen outlet joint, and described hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the air input joint of water tank downside by other pipe with oxygen outlet joint.
60. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 59, wherein, in the operation process of fuel cell, a small amount of water, bubble hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are emerged and flow into hydrogen gas side and the oxygen side of described water tank from the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell and oxygen outlet respectively
Wherein, bubble, through waterborne being raised in the upper air cavity being formed by the water surface in case and separator for container, makes hydrogen and oxygen by described dividing plate, keep separated from one another in described upper chamber, and
Wherein, along with hydrogen and oxygen fill their upper chamber separately, gas flows out described upper chamber by hydrogen joint and oxygen connection.
61. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 60, and wherein, described hydrogen joint and oxygen connection can be substituted by gas collector respectively, and described gas collector is constructed to comprise the baffle plate that is splashed into or enters described pipe for anti-sealing.
62. according to the portable hydrogen make system described in claim 61, and wherein, each baffle plate is constructed to vertically stretch out from the internal surface of gas collector, and
Wherein, the first baffle arrange-ment is to extend from a part for the internal surface of gas collector, and a part for described internal surface is relative with another part of the internal surface of described gas collector, and second baffle extends from another part of the internal surface of described gas collector.
63. 1 kinds of methods that hydrogen are fed to internal-combustion engine, comprising:
By the fuel cell being arranged in housing unit, convert water to hydrogen and oxygen;
By described water tank in housing unit being installed to described fuel cell supply water;
By engine sensor, detected the running of described internal-combustion engine;
At described engine sensor, described internal-combustion engine detected in running and described operation-control switch while being activated, by described power supply to described fuel cell-powered;
When power supply, by described fuel cell, by the aquatic hydrogen producing and the oxygen that are fed in described fuel cell, the described water tank of the directed process of described hydrogen and oxygen enters in the corresponding gas collection cavity of described tank top and distributes for suitable gas; And
Hydrogen is fed in internal-combustion engine for the burning in described internal-combustion engine,
Wherein, described water tank comprises at least one separator for container, and described separator for container is separated at least two parts by described water tank, and while putting into water in described water tank, described at least two parts all fill water;
Wherein, described in each, gas collection cavity comprises at its top for distributing a kind of joint to described water tank of hydrogen and oxygen;
Wherein, described portable hydrogen make system further comprises circuit, and described circuit comprises engine sensor and operation-control switch;
Wherein, described circuit is controlled the running of described portable hydrogen make system.
64. according to the method described in claim 63, wherein, described circuit is provided by control circuit, described control circuit comprises engine sensor, operation-control switch, global positioning system (GPS), AND circuit and switch, described engine sensor provides positive output when engine running, described operation-control switch provides the positive output from described engine sensor when described operation-control switch is moved on positi, described global positioning system provides positive output when the speed of automobile surpasses predetermined level, described AND circuit in the output of described operation-control switch and described GPS all for timing provides positive output, described switch switches electric power to described fuel cell when described AND circuit is supplied with positive output, thereby described fuel cell when surpassing predeterminated level, engine running and car speed is turned round.
65. according to the method described in claim 63, and wherein, described internal-combustion engine is petrol power motor; And
Wherein, when being produced and being fed to the amounts of hydrogen of petrol power motor by described system and fall within default scope, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
66. according to the method described in claim 65, and wherein, when the load of described petrol power motor does not surpass predeterminated level, described portable hydrogen make system is running best in described petrol power motor.
67. according to the method described in claim 65, and wherein, in described petrol power motor, the best amounts of hydrogen of producing and be fed to described petrol power motor by described system is in the scope of 0.10～0.25 liter/min.
68. according to the method described in claim 65, and wherein, described portable hydrogen make system is installed to by oil-engine driven vehicle by the mounting bracket being attached on surface of vehicle.
69. according to the method described in claim 68, wherein, described mounting bracket has near the slotted eye bight that is placed in described mounting bracket being formed on wherein, and described slotted eye is used for holding the screw/stud on the bottom flange that is arranged in housing unit, and
Wherein, described slotted eye can removably be attached on described mounting bracket described housing unit by the screw/stud holding on the bottom flange that is arranged in described housing unit, thereby allows to remove described portable hydrogen make system to safeguard.
70. according to the method described in claim 65, and wherein, described water tank is placed in the top of described fuel cell.
71. according to the method described in claim 65, wherein, when described engine sensor detects described internal-combustion engine in running, has the control circuit of switch to described fuel cell-powered.
72. according to the method described in claim 65, and wherein, described fuel cell comprises:
A plurality of layers; And
Wherein, electric power is applied to the relative layer of described fuel cell to produce the mode of hydrogen and oxygen.
73. according to the method described in claim 68, and wherein, described water tank comprises:
Water supply joint, described water supply joint is placed in the downside of described water tank and is connected with the pipe that is connected to the water supply connector on described fuel cell,
Wherein, water is fed to described fuel cell by described pipe, and
Wherein, described fuel cell further comprises hydrogen outlet joint and oxygen outlet joint, and described hydrogen outlet joint is connected with the air input joint of water tank downside by other pipe with oxygen outlet joint.
74. according to the method described in claim 73, and wherein, in the operation process of fuel cell, a small amount of water, bubble hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are emerged and flow into hydrogen gas side and the oxygen side of described water tank from the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell and oxygen outlet respectively,
Wherein, bubble, through waterborne being raised in the upper air cavity being formed by the water surface in case and separator for container, makes hydrogen and oxygen by described dividing plate, keep separated from one another in described upper chamber, and
Wherein, along with hydrogen and oxygen fill their upper chamber separately, gas flows out described upper chamber by hydrogen joint and oxygen connection.
75. according to the method described in claim 74, and wherein, described hydrogen joint and oxygen connection can be substituted by gas collector respectively, and described gas collector is constructed to comprise the baffle plate that is splashed into or enters described pipe for anti-sealing.
76. according to the method described in claim 75, and wherein, each baffle plate is constructed to vertically stretch out from the internal surface of gas collector, and
Wherein, the first baffle arrange-ment is to extend from a part for the internal surface of gas collector, and a part for described internal surface is relative with another part of the internal surface of described gas collector, and second baffle extends from another part of the internal surface of described gas collector.
CN201180073179.8A 2011-09-02 2011-09-30 Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines Pending CN103764989A (en)

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US13/225,355 US8454808B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-02 Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines
US13/225,355 2011-09-02
US13/224,338 2011-09-02
US13/225,362 2011-09-02
US13/225,348 2011-09-02
US13/224,338 US8449754B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-02 Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines
US13/225,348 US8449735B2 (en) 2010-03-15 2011-09-02 Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines
US13/225,362 US8449736B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2011-09-02 Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines
PCT/US2011/054292 WO2013032497A1 (en) 2011-09-02 2011-09-30 Hydrogen supplemental system for on-demand hydrogen generation for internal combustion engines

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WO2013032497A1 (en) 2013-03-07
JP5960827B2 (en) 2016-08-02

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