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CN103765091B - 全光谱led照明器 - Google Patents

全光谱led照明器 Download PDF

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CN103765091B
CN103765091B CN201280022284.3A CN201280022284A CN103765091B CN 103765091 B CN103765091 B CN 103765091B CN 201280022284 A CN201280022284 A CN 201280022284A CN 103765091 B CN103765091 B CN 103765091B
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light emitting
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solid state
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CN103765091A (zh
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F.A.穆尔
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Stryker Corp
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Novadaq Technologies ULC
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Abstract

一种用于向光导提供光输出以用于被成像对象的照明的装置，包括多个固态发光源，其中的每一个被独立地供电和独立地控制，每个发光源以与由其他发光源所发射的波长不同的波长发射光。所述装置还包括被配置成将所述多个固态发光源热耦合并提供由所述多个固态发光源产生的热的传导的热沉。该装置还包括用以将来自所述多个固态发光源的发射收集、准直并组合成将被光学耦合到所述光导的组合光束的光学元件。

Description

全光谱LED照明器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种照明系统，特别是用于内窥镜检查，并且更特别地涉及使用发光二极管（LED）和/或半导体激光器的全光谱照明系统。
背景技术
用于内窥镜检查、显微术和类似的光学成像应用的照明系统多年来已利用弧光灯或卤素技术作为选择的光源。近年来，已经引入了诸如发光二极管或二极管激光器的各种形式的固态光源以供在这些成像应用中的某些中使用。由于这些固态光源的输出亮度或输出光谱限制，LED和/或激光二极管的使用直到最近都尚且局限于其中低光水平是足够的或者其中要求/期望窄光谱照明的光学成像应用。
由于许多原因，利用固态光源来实现足够明亮、全可见光谱照明尚且仍然是具有挑战性的。
a）首先，LED技术已经一直在改善，但是在总光输出方面远远落后于灯技术。现在可获得越来越高的光输出，但是例如来自单个磷光体涂覆的（“白色”）LED的光仍低于在弧光灯的光几个数量级。
b）替换地，能够使用二向色镜来将来自多个、不同颜色的（例如，红色、绿色和蓝色）LED的光组合成在宽光谱范围内进行发射的“源”。然而，上述成像应用一般要求将光耦合到液体、光纤或棒形透镜光导中。此类光学光导通常拥有具有横跨几毫米的尺寸的小物理孔径和受约束/有限数值孔径（NA）两者。此外，集光率（etendue）考虑迅速地约束此类组合源照明系统的实际实现方式。
c）如果通过具有被谨慎地均衡的光路长度的源和二向色器件的适当布置来克服具有多个不同颜色的LED布置的集光率考虑，则出现关于有效冷却和成本的其他实现问题。
最后，虽然红色和蓝色LED的输出亮度已经达到一定水平，在该水平下其能够产生具有基本上等价于弧光灯或卤素灯光谱的红色和蓝色部分的亮度的光，但绿色LED的输出趋向于相当地小于由灯所产生的绿光。
因此将期望且有利的是，通过提供一种成本有效且可靠的照明器来解决此问题并避免其他现有技术缺点，该照明器利用固态光源来产生可以被有效地耦合到光学光导的明亮的、颜色平衡的、宽光谱可见光输出。还将期望的是，在此类照明器中和在得到的光发射中包括用于UV或NIR照明（例如用于组织的荧光激发）的其他光源。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面，公开了一种照明器，其利用固态光源来产生明亮的、颜色平衡的、宽光谱可见光输出。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，照明器可以包含跨越可见光谱（例如从400—700nm）的多个高功率LED光源。这些LED光源被单独地供电和控制。使用与LED光输出适当地波长匹配的反射镜或二向色滤光器来将由这些LED产生的光组合成单个光束。然后可以使用诸如高（例如＞0.5）NA透镜的适当光学元件来将该组合光耦合到光学光导中。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，该照明器可以包括被容纳在分立高热导率封装中的LED光源。LED管芯可以是边缘发射或表面发射的，并且其可以按照单或多管芯配置来被封装。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，该照明器可以包含红色、绿色和蓝色LED光源的组合。替换地或另外，根据对于应用而言所要求或期望的（例如在内窥镜中），这些LED光源中的一个或多个可以具有其他色调的可见光谱，包括紫色、黄色、黄褐色/橙色LED。替换地或另外，单个LED封装可以包含这些彩色管芯的任何组合。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，为了增加发射光的绿色分量并提供更加颜色平衡的输出，除红色和蓝色LED光源之外，照明器可以包含至少两个绿色LED光源，诸如长波长绿色和短波长绿色。两个绿色LED的峰值波长和带宽被谨慎地选择以确保组合光学器件产生最大净绿光输出。在一个实施例中，长波长绿色可以具有处于～530 nm的峰值波长和+/-40nm的近似FWHM带宽，并且短波长绿色可以具有处于～515 nm的峰值波长和+/- 37 nm的近似FWHM带宽。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，可以将LED光源安装在与单个散热器板进行良好热接触的热沉（heat sink）上。散热器板可以是具有高热导率的金属，诸如铜、铝、铁、金刚石、金或银等。散热器板可以被安装在无源冷却系统（诸如鳍式热沉或热管）或者有源冷却系统（诸如热电冷却器（TEC）或液体冷却器）上或与之成一整体。可以通过例如焊接或利用诸如120型硅热合化合物（Wakefield Thermal Solutions,美国新罕布什尔州）的导热化合物的施加来提供LED与该板之间的热接触。此安装布置和冷却结构优化了组装的成本/复杂性和冷却效率两者，并且因此还优化了固态源的寿命/可靠性。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，可以将LED光源安装在与在单个散热器板上的热沉的平面表面公共的平面上，其中光路长度随波长而增加，例如红色LED具有最长光路，蓝色LED具有最短光路。LED光源位于由收集来自每个LED光源的光的由非球面透镜（例如加利福尼亚州欧文市（Irvine）的Newport KPA040-C）所组成的化合物聚光器组的焦点处或附近。可以通过安装在LED与非球面透镜之间的场透镜来增强非球面透镜的收集效率。非球面透镜将来自LED的几乎准直的光束投射至反射镜或二向色滤光器（例如纽约罗彻斯特市（Rochester，NY）的Semrock FF670-SDi01-25x36）上，该反射镜或二向色滤光器被定位成相对于由非球面透镜投射到组合光束路径中的光成直角地反射光。二向色滤光器被设计成反射处于LED发射的波长或在该波长以上的基本上所有光并发射所有更短波长的光。将每个非球面透镜的焦度和位置及任何场透镜的焦度和位置针对每个LED根据要求进行调整以适应光路长度上的差异。这样，能够管理具有光源的线性布置的集光率约束，并且能够使高NA透镜在将组合光束耦合到光学光导中时的能力最大化。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，可以将未被直接附接于LED光源（包括所有其余聚光器透镜、反射和二向色镜以及准直/会聚透镜）的所有光学元件安装在配合的机械外壳中。该外壳可以由诸如铝的单块材料或类似材料制成，并且可以被机械加工或者可以被铸造并机械加工为单个元件。该机械外壳还可以由单独制造（例如机械加工）并组装的多个元件组成。该外壳具有与散热器板上的LED源的线性图案匹配的输入端口的线性阵列—例如每个LED光源一个输入端口—和单个输出端口。一旦所有光学部件被安装在外壳中，具有LED光源的板被组装成外壳输入端口，并且在不存在光导的情况下将出口孔径密封的快门被安装放置在输出端口上。该外壳因此被完全密封，并且光学元件被保护免受灰尘及其他污染物的进入。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，照明器可以利用没有透镜的设计，并且替代地具有传播由LED发射的光的抛光反射表面。如前所述，然后能够使用二向色滤光器将光组合，其中将组合光借助于反射表面耦合到光学光导中。
根据本发明的一个有利特征，照明器还可以包含被耦合到组合的光路中的其他光源，诸如一个或多个二极管激光器。在一个实施例中，该二极管激光器可以是光纤耦合的NIR激光器，其在适合于例如靛青绿（ICG）或其他NIR激发荧光试剂的荧光激发的800—820nm波长范围内进行发射。替换地或另外，光纤耦合的二极管激光器中的一个或多个可以出于模拟ICG的荧光的目的而产生830 nm NIR光。由激光器发射的NIR光可以通过引入附加二向色镜而被耦合到光路中，该附加二向色镜反射NIR，但是向LED光路中传输较短波长。替换地或另外，照明器可以包含用于组织自发荧光激发的一个或多个UV二极管激光器。这些激光器可以被耦合到蓝色LED通道，或者直接耦合到蓝色LED二向色滤光器之前的组合光束通道中。该照明器还可以包含高功率的NIR或UV LED而不是二极管激光器。
所述系统还提供了将共轭面从聚光器组成像到光导上（即将圆锥形配合到光导）。
附图说明
在参考附图来阅读本发明的当前优选示例性实施例的以下描述时，本发明的其他特征和优点将是更加容易显而易见的，在所述附图中：
图1示出了具有高导热基板的LED封装；
图2以剖视图示出了具有布置在散热器上的LED的线性阵列的照明器，其具有收集、组合和会聚光学器件；
图3以剖视图示出了具有布置在散热器上的LED的线性阵列的照明器，其具有换热器和风扇；以及
图4示出了外壳中的照明器的示例性气流模式。
具体实施方式
遍及所有附图，一般可以由相同的附图标记来指示相同或对应的元件。这些所描绘实施例将被理解为说明本发明而不是以任何方式是限制性的。还应理解的是，附图不一定按比例，并且有时由图形符号、幻像线、图解表示或片断视图来说明这些实施例。在某些情况下，理解本发明所不必要的或致使其他细节难以认知的细节可能已被省略。
现在转到附图，并且特别地转到图1，示出了包括具有高热导率的基板102的LED封装100，该基板102具有用于附接于图2中所示的散热器220的安装孔104。该LED封装还包括用于向LED供应电功率的电端子106。
图2以剖视图示出了具有布置在散热器220上的LED 212的线性阵列的照明器210，具有聚光器光学器件222、组合光学器件224和会聚光学器件226。该LED 212被布置具有从“白光”输出端口230开始的渐增的光路长度。诸如非球面透镜和可选地是场透镜的聚光器光学器件222可以被放置在每个LED前面。来自红色LED 232的光被反射镜242以90°角反射。附加二向色镜244、246、248被放置在此反射镜242与“白光”输出端口230之间的组合光束路径中。这些二向色镜244、246、248被设计成按照所列顺序以90°角反射由示例性长波长绿色LED 234（处于～530 nm的峰值波长和近似+/-40 nm的FWHM带宽）、示例性短波长绿色LED236（处于～515 nm的峰值波长和近似+/- 37 nm的FWHM带宽）以及示例性蓝色LED 238（处于～460 nm的峰值波长和近似+/- 25 nm的FWHM带宽）所发射的光，同时传输已存在于传播组合射束中的波长，即红色、红色+长绿色、红色+长绿色+短绿色。由激光器250发射的光能够被适当地添加到组合光束。
图3以剖视图示意性地示出了具有在散热器220上的LED 212的线性阵列、LED激光器换热器352和LED激光器换热器风扇354的照明器。
图4示意性地示出了外壳460中的照明器210周围的示例性气流模式。
虽然已经结合详细地示出并描述的当前优选实施例图示出并描述了本发明，但其并不意图局限于所示的细节，因为在不以任何方式脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行各种修改和结构改变。选择并描述实施例以便解释本发明的原理和实际应用，以从而使得本领域的技术人员能够最好地利用本发明和各种实施例，具有的各种修改适合于所想到的特定用途。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于向光导提供光输出以用于被成像对象的照明的装置，所述装置包括：
多个固态发光源，其中的每一个被独立地供电并独立地控制，每个发光源以与由其他发光源所发射的波长不同的波长发射光；
热沉，被配置成将所述多个固态发光源热耦合，并提供由所述多个固态发光源产生的热的传导，其中由具有高热导率的金属形成的单个散热器板被安装到所述热沉，以及其中所述固态发光源中的每个被直接安装到所述单个散热器板；以及
光学元件，用以将来自所述多个固态发光源的在同时被供电时的发射收集、准直并组合成将被光学耦合到在输出处的所述光导的组合光束，
其中从所述发光源中的每个发射的光沿着光路长度从相应的发光源行进到所述输出，从所述发光源到所述输出的光路长度从所述发光源中相对于所述输出最近的一个到所述发光源中相对于所述输出最远的一个随着从相应发光源发射的光的波长而增加。
2.权利要求1的装置，其中，所述固态发光源选自包括发光二极管和二极管激光器的组。
3.权利要求1的装置，其中，所述光学元件包括场透镜和非球面透镜，其被配置成收集来自所述多个固态发光源中的每一个的发射并将其准直。
4.权利要求1的装置，其中，二向色滤光器被配置成将来自所述多个固态发光源中的每一个的准直发射耦合成沿着公共路径引导到输出端口的组合光束。
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