CN103837233B - A kind of optical spectrum imagers based on plane grating light splitting - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪，包括前置镜、具有透射缝隙的狭缝反射平面光栅、准直反射镜、成像镜以及探测器：目标发出的光经过所述前置镜在像面位置汇聚，汇聚光经所述狭缝反射平面光栅的透射缝隙后，经所述准直反射镜后反射回所述狭缝反射平面光栅，经所述狭缝反射平面光栅分光后到达所述成像镜，经所述成像镜汇聚后在所述探测器成像。通过透射光路与反射光路混合设计，实现结构紧凑化和小型化，通过狭缝与反射光栅的集成设计实现集成化和轻量化。
The invention discloses a spectrum imager based on planar grating spectroscopic, which comprises a front mirror, a slit reflective plane grating with a transmission slit, a collimating mirror, an imaging mirror and a detector: the light emitted by a target passes through the front The mirrors are converged at the position of the image plane, and the converged light passes through the transmission slit of the slit reflective plane grating, and then is reflected back to the slit reflective plane grating by the collimating mirror, and after being split by the slit reflective plane grating Arrive at the imaging mirror, be converged by the imaging mirror, and then be imaged on the detector. Through the mixed design of the transmitted light path and the reflected light path, the structure is compact and miniaturized, and the integration and light weight are realized through the integrated design of the slit and the reflective grating.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及光谱成像技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪。The invention relates to the technical field of spectral imaging, in particular to a spectral imager based on planar grating spectroscopy.
背景技术Background technique
光谱成像技术可以获取目标的两维空间信息和一维光谱信息，既可以实现目标的影像识别，同时实现目标的物理、化学属性探测，在工农业生产、地质勘探、环境监测、灾害评估、城市规划等领域有广泛的应用。在应用的推动下，光谱成像技术得到了快速发展，目前已经出现了多种类型的光谱成像技术，并在诸多领域发挥作用。Spectral imaging technology can obtain the two-dimensional spatial information and one-dimensional spectral information of the target, which can not only realize the image recognition of the target, but also realize the detection of the physical and chemical properties of the target. It is widely used in industrial and agricultural production, geological exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, urban There are a wide range of applications in planning and other fields. Driven by applications, spectral imaging technology has developed rapidly. At present, various types of spectral imaging technologies have appeared and played a role in many fields.
目前的光谱成像技术以色散分光为主，主要包括棱镜分光、光栅分光两类，其中，棱镜的主要优点是光学通量高，但是存在色散非线性问题，而且光谱分辨率一般不高；相比较而言，光栅分光的优点是可以获取高的分辨率，以及线性色散光谱，但是其光学效率不高。目前已经成功应用的光谱成像仪中，多数采用光栅分光方案。The current spectral imaging technology is mainly based on dispersion spectroscopy, mainly including prism spectroscopy and grating spectroscopy. Among them, the main advantage of prisms is high optical flux, but there is a problem of dispersion nonlinearity, and the spectral resolution is generally not high; compared In general, the advantage of grating spectroscopic is that it can obtain high resolution and linear dispersion spectrum, but its optical efficiency is not high. Most of the spectral imagers that have been successfully applied at present adopt the grating spectroscopic scheme.
目前基于光栅分光的光谱成像仪主要包括两种类型，一类是基于传统的平面光栅分光方案，一类是基于曲面光栅的分光方案。At present, spectral imagers based on grating spectroscopy mainly include two types, one is based on the traditional planar grating spectroscopy scheme, and the other is based on the curved surface grating scheme.
具体的，如图1所示，基于平面光栅分光方案的光谱成像仪通常包括前置镜11、狭缝12、准直镜13、平面光栅14、成像镜15和探测器16等。基于平面光栅分光方案的光谱成像仪中所有光学元件按光轴依次排列，使得系统通常呈现狭长形结构，体积较大，在很多应用场合（如小型无人机遥感应用）无法满足要求。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , a spectral imager based on a planar grating spectroscopic scheme generally includes a front mirror 11 , a slit 12 , a collimating mirror 13 , a planar grating 14 , an imaging mirror 15 , and a detector 16 . All optical elements in the spectral imager based on the planar grating spectroscopic scheme are arranged in sequence according to the optical axis, so that the system usually presents a long and narrow structure with a large volume, which cannot meet the requirements in many applications (such as remote sensing applications for small UAVs).
基于曲面光栅分光方案的光谱成像仪中，由于曲面光栅既实现分光功能，同时实现成像功能，因此，系统结构比较紧凑。如图2所示，基于凸面光栅的光谱成像仪，包括前置镜21、狭缝22、反射镜23、凸面光栅24、反射镜25和探测器26等。与图1相比，基于凸面光栅的光谱成像仪在结构上非常紧凑，利于小型化和轻量化实现，但是系统中的两个反射镜通常采用非球面校正系统的像差，因此，不论是加工还是装调，实现起来都存在很大的难度，而且目前凸面光栅的研制也不如平面光栅成熟。In the spectroscopic imager based on the curved grating spectroscopic scheme, the system structure is relatively compact because the curved grating not only realizes the spectroscopic function but also realizes the imaging function. As shown in FIG. 2 , a spectral imager based on a convex grating includes a front mirror 21 , a slit 22 , a mirror 23 , a convex grating 24 , a mirror 25 , and a detector 26 . Compared with Figure 1, the spectral imager based on the convex grating is very compact in structure, which is beneficial to the realization of miniaturization and light weight. However, the two mirrors in the system usually use aspheric surfaces to correct the aberration of the system. Therefore, no matter the processing Whether it is installation or adjustment, it is very difficult to realize, and the development of convex grating is not as mature as that of planar grating.
因此，需要在光学方案上采用创新设计方法，在平面光栅光谱成像方案的基础上，实现系统的紧凑化和小型化。Therefore, it is necessary to adopt an innovative design method in the optical scheme, and realize the compactness and miniaturization of the system on the basis of the planar grating spectral imaging scheme.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪，在平面光栅光谱成像基础上，实现紧凑化和小型化。The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a spectroscopic imager based on planar grating spectroscopic imaging, which realizes compactness and miniaturization on the basis of planar grating spectral imaging.
本发明实施例的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪，包括：A spectral imager based on planar grating spectroscopic, comprising:
包括前置镜、具有透射缝隙的狭缝反射平面光栅、准直反射镜、成像镜以及探测器：Consists of front mirror, slit reflective planar grating with transmission slit, collimating mirror, imaging mirror and detector:
目标发出的光经过所述前置镜在像面位置汇聚，汇聚光经所述狭缝反射平面光栅的透射缝隙后，经所述准直反射镜后反射回所述狭缝反射平面光栅，经所述狭缝反射平面光栅分光后到达所述成像镜，经所述成像镜汇聚后在所述探测器成像。The light emitted by the target is converged at the position of the image plane through the front mirror, and the converged light passes through the transmission slit of the slit reflective plane grating, and then is reflected back to the slit reflective plane grating through the collimating reflector. The light split by the slit reflective plane grating reaches the imaging mirror, and is converged by the imaging mirror to form an image on the detector.
由上述本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以看出，通过透射光路与反射光路混合设计，实现结构紧凑化和小型化，通过狭缝与反射光栅的集成设计实现集成化和轻量化。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention that the hybrid design of the transmitted optical path and the reflected optical path realizes compactness and miniaturization of the structure, and realizes integration and light weight through the integrated design of the slit and the reflective grating.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative efforts.
图1为现有技术中基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪的构成示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a spectral imager based on planar grating spectroscopy in the prior art.
图2为现有技术中基于曲面光栅分光的光谱成像仪的构成示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a spectral imager based on curved grating spectroscopy in the prior art.
图3为本发明实施例提供的基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪的构成示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a spectral imager based on planar grating spectroscopy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图3所示，本发明实施例提供一种基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪，包括前置镜31、具有透射缝隙的狭缝反射平面光栅32、准直反射镜33、成像镜34以及探测器35：As shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides a spectral imager based on planar grating spectroscopic, including a front mirror 31, a slit reflective planar grating 32 with a transmission slit, a collimating mirror 33, an imaging mirror 34 and a detection Device 35:
目标发出的光经过前置镜31在像面位置汇聚，汇聚光经狭缝反射平面光栅32的透射缝隙后，经准直反射镜33后反射回狭缝反射平面光栅32，经狭缝反射平面光栅32分光后到达所成像镜34，经成像镜34汇聚后在探测器35成像。The light emitted by the target converges at the position of the image plane through the front mirror 31. After passing through the transmission slit of the slit reflective plane grating 32, the converged light is reflected back to the slit reflective plane grating 32 after passing through the collimating reflector 33, and passes through the slit reflective plane grating 32. After the grating 32 splits the light, it reaches the imaging mirror 34 , and after being converged by the imaging mirror 34 , it forms an image on the detector 35 .
由上述本发明实施例提供的技术方案可以看出，针对基于平面光栅分光光谱成像仪系统体积狭长、结构不紧凑的问题，本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪采用透射光路与反射光路混合设计方法，将狭长型光路结构变为折反光路结构，实现光路的折转和结构紧凑化、小型化，在很多对结构尺寸有约束的应用场合，可以不受尺寸约束的制约，普适性高。It can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention that in view of the problems of narrow and long volume and uncompact structure of the system based on the planar grating spectroscopic imager, the spectral imager based on the planar grating spectroscopic imager in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a transmission optical path and a reflective optical path The hybrid design method changes the narrow and long optical path structure into a catadioptric optical path structure, realizing the bending of the optical path and the compactness and miniaturization of the structure. In many applications that have constraints on the size of the structure, it is not restricted by the size constraints and is universal. high sex.
本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪采用反射镜、狭缝与光栅一体化设计实现系统集成化，降低了系统的复杂度，利于系统的研制，减少了系统的体积和重量。The spectrum imager based on planar grating spectroscopic in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the integrated design of mirror, slit and grating to realize system integration, which reduces the complexity of the system, facilitates the development of the system, and reduces the volume and weight of the system.
可选的，狭缝反射平面光栅32可以包括狭缝321和反射式的平面光栅322，反射式的平面光栅具322有第一透射缝隙3221，狭缝321具有第二透射缝隙3211，第一透射缝隙3221的宽度对应第二透射缝隙3211的宽度，狭缝321位于前置镜31的像面位置。Optionally, the slit reflective plane grating 32 may include a slit 321 and a reflective plane grating 322. The reflective plane grating 322 has a first transmission slit 3221, the slit 321 has a second transmission slit 3211, and the first transmission slit 3211. The width of the slit 3221 corresponds to the width of the second transmission slit 3211 , and the slit 321 is located at the image plane of the front mirror 31 .
具体实现上，狭缝321可以与反射式的平面光栅322粘合于一体，实现狭缝与光栅一体化，但不受此限制。In terms of specific implementation, the slit 321 can be bonded together with the reflective planar grating 322 to realize the integration of the slit and the grating, but it is not limited thereto.
狭缝属于光谱成像仪的基本元件，其可以根据不同的参数指标，进行针对性的设计，包括狭缝的透射缝隙宽度、实现方式等等，具体可以参考现有技术得以理解，在此不作赘述。The slit is the basic component of the spectral imager, which can be designed according to different parameters, including the transmission slit width of the slit, the implementation method, etc. The details can be understood by referring to the existing technology, and will not be repeated here. .
或者，可选的狭缝反射平面光栅32为反射式的平面光栅，反射式的平面光栅具有第一透射缝隙，反射式的平面光栅位于前置镜的像面位置。即直接在反射式的平面光栅上开一个透射缝隙达到狭缝的效果，实现狭缝与光栅一体化设计。Alternatively, the optional slit reflective planar grating 32 is a reflective planar grating, the reflective planar grating has a first transmission slit, and the reflective planar grating is located at the image plane of the front mirror. That is, directly open a transmission slit on the reflective plane grating to achieve the effect of the slit, and realize the integrated design of the slit and the grating.
可选的，第一透射缝隙3221或第二透射缝隙3211可以为直线缝隙。或者，第一透射缝隙3221或第二透射缝隙3211可以为弯曲缝隙，具体的，缝隙可以选择稍微弯曲的狭缝，消除光谱smile畸变。本领域技术人员可以根据光学系统的特性来设计直线缝隙或者弯曲缝隙，在此不作赘述。Optionally, the first transmission slit 3221 or the second transmission slit 3211 may be a linear slit. Alternatively, the first transmission slit 3221 or the second transmission slit 3211 may be a curved slit, specifically, the slit may be a slightly curved slit to eliminate spectral smile distortion. Those skilled in the art can design straight line slits or curved slits according to the characteristics of the optical system, which will not be repeated here.
可选的，反射式的平面光栅32可以包括闪耀光栅或非闪耀光栅。Optionally, the reflective planar grating 32 may include a blazed grating or a non-blazed grating.
可选的，准直反射镜33可以包括球面镜或非球面镜。Optionally, the collimating mirror 33 may include a spherical mirror or an aspherical mirror.
本领域技术人员可以参考现有技术理解前置镜，在此不作赘述。Those skilled in the art can refer to the prior art to understand the front mirror, and details are not repeated here.
本领域技术人员可以理解，本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪可以适用不同的光谱范围，如可见光、近红外、短波红外等。本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪可以采用不同类型的图像探测器等，不受限制。Those skilled in the art can understand that the spectroscopic imager based on planar grating spectroscopic in the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to different spectral ranges, such as visible light, near-infrared, short-wave infrared, and the like. The spectral imager based on the planar grating spectroscopic in the embodiment of the present invention may use different types of image detectors, etc., without limitation.
仍如图3所示，本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪的光路原理说明：Still as shown in Figure 3, the optical path principle description of the spectral imager based on the planar grating spectroscopic in the embodiment of the present invention:
目标发出的光经过前置镜31后，并在像面位置汇聚成像；After the light emitted by the target passes through the front mirror 31, it is converged and formed at the position of the image plane;
目标汇聚光经像面位置的狭缝321后，由面目标变为线目标；After the focused light of the target passes through the slit 321 at the position of the image plane, it changes from a surface target to a line target;
线目标汇聚光经准直反射镜33后，变为准直光，并反射回反射光栅322；After the line target converging light passes through the collimating mirror 33, it becomes collimated light and is reflected back to the reflective grating 322;
准直光经反射光栅322分光后，其反射光为一系列被色散开的准直单色光，经反射后光路发生折转，到达成像镜34；After the collimated light is split by the reflective grating 322, the reflected light is a series of dispersed collimated monochromatic light. After reflection, the optical path is bent and reaches the imaging mirror 34;
准直单色光经成像镜34后，在探测器35成像。The collimated monochromatic light is imaged on the detector 35 after passing through the imaging mirror 34 .
本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪与现有的狭长形结构平面光栅光谱成像仪系统相比，采用光栅反射实现光路的折转，从而实现了系统的结构紧凑化，将反射光栅分光与狭缝结合，利用在反射光栅中间设置透射狭缝，实现视场的限制，满足狭缝式光谱成像要求，减少了系统的光学元件，提高了系统的集成化程度。最终的系统可以实现小型化和轻量化。Compared with the existing narrow and long structure planar grating spectral imager system, the spectral imager based on the planar grating spectroscopic imager in the embodiment of the present invention uses grating reflection to realize the refraction of the optical path, thereby realizing the compact structure of the system and splitting the reflective grating into light. Combined with the slit, the transmission slit is set in the middle of the reflective grating to realize the limitation of the field of view, meet the requirements of slit-type spectral imaging, reduce the optical components of the system, and improve the integration degree of the system. The resulting system can be miniaturized and lightweight.
此外，本发明实施例基于平面光栅分光的光谱成像仪与基于曲面光栅光谱成像仪相比，所有光学元件都采用同轴设计，系统同样实现结构紧凑和轻量化，同时研制和实现难度极大降低。In addition, compared with the spectroscopic imager based on the curved grating, all the optical elements of the spectroscopic imager based on the planar grating in the embodiment of the present invention adopt coaxial design, the system also achieves compact structure and light weight, and the difficulty of development and implementation is greatly reduced .
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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