CN103876812B - Adjustable pressure combined external fixing bracket and adjustable pressure fixing arm - Google Patents

Abstract

The Combined type external fixed support of the adjustable pressure of orthopedics clinic practice, the present invention is divided into 3 kinds of single arm type, half-ring, ring type combining forms, fixing clip is divided into large knitting needle fixture block and stick fixture block, and pressure regulation fixed arm composition is made of adjustment axis, look nut, slide fit swivel nut, elastic device, fastening nut, fixed link etc..Adjustment axis is arranged radially catch spring pin, fixed lasso, scale casing, sliding sleeve；Slide fit swivel nut is arranged radially position-limitting pin, limit jackscrew, fastening jackscrew；Elastic device is made of spring, pressure sensor, connecting tube, pressure display unit, can be set as band manometer type or without manometer type.The Combined type external fixed support of adjustable pressure can axially conduct stress, so that fracture end is generated stress, avoid stress shielding, prevent the generation of fracture delayed healing and disunion.

Description

Adjustable pressure combined external fixing bracket and adjustable pressure fixing arm

technical field

The invention relates to a device for orthopaedic clinical application, in particular to a pressure-adjustable fixing arm and a pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket including the pressure-adjustable fixing arm.

Background technique

The fracture healing process is complex, and scholars at home and abroad are constantly improving their understanding of the theory of fracture healing. The idea of strong fracture fixation advocated in the early days has been confirmed by decades of clinical practice and experimental research. Osteoporosis, delayed fracture union, nonunion, fracture after removal of fixation, fracture of fixation, etc., the proposed biological rational osteosynthesis viewpoint is gradually accepted, and fracture healing is affected by the age of the patient, mechanical environment, local Influenced by many factors such as blood supply, endocrine and so on, stress is one of the main factors. External fixation brackets are sometimes used in the treatment of fractures in orthopaedics. Although various existing external fixation brackets have different shapes and structures, they cannot be adjusted by micro-motion. Adjusting the pressure device is easy to produce stress shielding, osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing, and easy refracture after removing the external fixator. Since there is no pressure stimulation at the fracture end, the formation of callus is slow, the amount of formation is small, and the rate of fracture healing is slow. Scholars at home and abroad have devoted themselves to the study of fretting and stress on fracture healing, and have made some progress:

Stress and fracture healing: Bone tissue is a viscoelastic solid material with complex mechanical properties. Its structure and function are closely related to its mechanical properties and mechanical environment state, which determines that different stress stimuli have different effects on bone metabolism and bone healing. . In terms of stress mechanism: stress affects the cell signal transduction pathway in the process of fracture healing, and can transmit extracellular matrix signals into cells through calcium ion channels, integrins, growth factors, etc., which are expressed or transmembrane in the cell membrane. The mechanical signal coupling and cell proliferation of osteoblasts are related to the rise and fall of intracellular and intercellular Ca ²⁺ levels. Integrins are the main substances that connect intracellular and intracellular signals. Under the stimulation of external tensile stress, they can induce physiological and biochemical changes in osteoblasts. Alterations, responding and transducing signals, activating gene expression, synthesizing and releasing cytokines and hormones, regulating the induction of mechanical stimuli and proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. Integrin expression levels are characterized by time-dependent changes. The regulation of stress on osteoblast metabolism and cytokines The secretion of growth factors caused by stress can directly promote the secretion of growth factors or hormones with growth effects in vivo, and indirectly promote cell growth. Growth factors with more content can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, on the other hand, promote the synthesis of collagen fibronectin, and promote osteoblasts to synthesize type I collagen, fibronectin, osteonectin and proteoglycan.

In terms of the mode, timing, type, and size of stress, current research shows that intermittent stress stimulation can stimulate osteoblast activity more than continuous stress stimulation; research believes that the early stage of bone healing is the most effective period for mechanical factors to promote bone healing. When the fracture heals and restores the original structure and hardness, mechanical factors are the only factors for bone remodeling. In the early stage of bone healing, appropriate stress and strain should be ensured between the fracture ends. In the early stage of bone healing, the compressive stress generated by the axial load can drive the Osteocytes and fibroblasts develop in the direction of differentiation into bone, which is beneficial to bone healing. Shear and torsional loads generate shear stress, which should cause dynamic friction at the fracture end, which will greatly damage the formed capillaries and callus, and drive the formation of bone. Fibrocytes proliferate and produce fibrous tissue, which is not conducive to bone healing. In the middle and late stages of bone healing, various stresses can promote the formation and reconstruction of callus. Bone healing requires an appropriate biomechanical environment or optimal stress level. Appropriate stress stimulation can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, chondroblasts and fibroblasts that play a decisive role in fracture healing. Different healing stages require different stress levels at the fracture end. In the early stage of healing, the stiffness of the healing zone is low and can withstand The external force capacity is poor, and the required stress level is low. As the stiffness of the callus increases, the required stress level increases. Only when the stress level of the fracture end and the stiffness of the healing zone tissue are balanced and coordinated with each other, the tissue can be well differentiated and healed. Tissue bearing capacity, the living bone will undergo reactive surface absorption at the bone-bone interface or the bone-internal fixation interface, and the pressure at the fracture end will decrease, leading to bone atrophy, and the greater the pressure, the faster the pressure at the fracture end. It is not enough to cause elastic deformation, the mechanical induction of tissue differentiation is reduced, and it is difficult to generate, which may lead to delayed bone union and nonunion. It is generally believed that the compressive stress at the fracture end should not exceed the physiological weight.

In terms of fretting and fracture healing: the fretting of the fracture end is closely related to stress. According to Wollf's law and many recent studies, it has been confirmed that the appropriate fretting energy of the fracture end can promote the formation and calcification of callus and accelerate fracture healing. In terms of frequency, timing, and quantity of movement, current research suggests that low-frequency micro-movements in the axial direction are beneficial to fracture healing, early controlled micro-movements promote fracture healing, and late (4-6 weeks) micro-movements are prone to fracture healing. Injury to the vascular network at the fracture site, delaying fracture healing.

Problems that have not been solved by the current research: the optimal force value and optimal mechanical parameters of the stress stimulation required by the fracture end of human fractures in different healing periods have not been established. In the process of fracture healing, when to give the appropriate mechanical stimulation to the fracture end of the human body, the optimal time parameters for the fracture healing of the human body have not yet been established. Orthopedic fixation devices that are widely used in clinical practice, such as interlocking intramedullary nails, plates, and external fixators, belong to the category of strong internal fixation; there is stress shielding; clinical practice cannot predict or select the best mechanical parameters and time parameters for a certain fracture. There is no suitable fracture fixation device that can control the stress and fretting of the fracture end.

The inventor applied for an invention patent in 2007, its name is: an elastic device for external fixation, the patent number is: ZL200710184889.3, the authorization announcement number is CN101416900B, the elastic device for external fixation is composed of a cylinder tube, a cylinder A sliding shaft, an elastic device, a sliding nail body, and a sliding shaft limiting device inside the cylinder. The cylinder wall is radially provided with anti-rotation rivets, pressure regulating rivets, pressure regulating nuts, tightening jack screws, hollow screws on the cylinder wall, and pressure holes. The sliding shaft limit device can be provided with a limit wire on the radial direction of the cylinder wall, or a limit nut or a limit clamp block can be set on the sliding shaft. The cylinder wall can be made into the same inner diameter of the upper and lower parts, or it can be made that the inner diameter of the upper part and the sliding shaft are larger than the inner diameter of the lower part. The elastic device can be made into elastic capsule type or spring type. However, the elastic device of the external fixation frame still has the following shortcomings: the elastic device, the elastic rubber bag or the pressure transmission device of the spring, is difficult to assemble in the cylinder, and cannot be assembled by various components, which is difficult to be extended to large-scale production and assembly; sliding nail body The pressure adjustment can only be carried out through the cooperation of the special pressure device with the pressure hole set on the side and the pressure hole set on the cylinder barrel. The operation is complicated and time-consuming, and it is impossible to accurately pressurize. After the operation, it is easy to cause the loosening of the fixed rod. , it is impossible to accurately adjust the gap of the fracture end in time; the sliding shaft limit device is limited by setting a limit nut or a limit clamp on the sliding shaft, which increases the length of the elastic device of the external fixator and affects the insertion of bone screws or bone needles. point selection, thereby affecting the fracture fixation strength.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the defects existing in the current use of external fixation brackets to treat fractures, and to provide a combined external fixation bracket and an adjustable pressure fixation arm with adjustable pressure, which are firm in fixation, simple in operation and easy to adjust, and can effectively prevent stress shielding. , to avoid osteoporosis, and to stimulate the formation of callus at the fracture end to accelerate fracture healing.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

An adjustable pressure fixing arm for orthopaedic clinical application, characterized in that the adjustable pressure fixing arm comprises: an adjusting shaft (1), a pressure adjusting nut (7), a sliding screw sleeve (10), an elastic device, a tightening Fixing nut (12), fixing rod (14), retaining spring pin (4), fixing ferrule (3), scale sleeve (2), sliding sleeve (6), limit screw (8), tightening Top wire (11); wherein,

The adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) are both cylindrical hollow tubes or solid rods; the upper and lower inner diameters of the sliding-fitting screw sleeve (10) are set to be the same, and the upper inner wall of the sliding-fitting screw sleeve (10) and the adjusting shaft ( 1) The lower outer wall of the sliding fit screw sleeve (10) is slidingly matched with the upper outer wall of the fixing rod (14);

A scale sleeve (2), a retaining spring pin (4), a fixed ferrule (3), an elastic device, a sliding sleeve (6), and a pressure regulating nut are arranged on the adjusting shaft (1) in order from top to bottom; wherein,

The upper inner wall of the scale sleeve (2) is closely matched with the adjustment shaft (1), and the lower part of the scale sleeve (2) opens downward; the lower inner wall of the sliding sleeve (6) is slidingly matched with the adjustment shaft (1); the sliding sleeve (6) ) the upper opening is upward; the lower outer wall of the scale sleeve (2) is slidingly matched with the upper inner wall of the sliding sleeve (6); the spring pin (4) and the elastic device are arranged between the scale sleeve (2) and the sliding sleeve (6) In the space between the two, the retaining pin (4) radially penetrates the circular hole provided on the adjusting shaft (1), the retaining ring (3) is radially provided at the retaining pin, and both ends of the retaining pin (4) It is closely matched with the round hole provided on the fixed ferrule (3) to prevent the radial loosening and disengagement of the retaining spring pin. The spring pin (4) jointly restricts the upward movement of the elastic device; the pressure regulating nut (7) is located under the sliding sleeve (6), and the lower inner wall of the pressure regulating nut (7) is threadedly connected with the upper outer wall of the sliding matching screw sleeve (10), which can be opposite to each other. The sliding sleeve (10) moves up and down, so as to push the sliding sleeve (6) and the elastic device to move up and down together;

The upper part and the lower part of a side wall surface are respectively provided with a limit jack screw hole and a fastening jack screw hole, which can separate the limit jack screw (8) and the fastening jack screw (11) respectively. Screw it into the lower part of the adjusting shaft (I) and the upper part of the fixing rod (14). After tightening, the adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) can be prevented from rotating horizontally and moving up and down; The shaft (1) is also provided with a sliding connection structure;

The upper inner wall of the fastening nut (12) is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the lower end of the sliding fitting nut, and the inner wall of the lower end of the fastening nut (12) is slidably matched with the outer wall of the fixing rod (14); two pin holes that penetrate radially through; after the two snap pins penetrate radially through the pin holes of the fixing rod (14), they are respectively clamped on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the lower end of the tightening nut (12), and can follow the tightening nut. The up and down movement of the rod drives the fixed rod to move up and down, and the above-mentioned clamping pin can rotate horizontally relative to the fastening nut (12).

As a preferred embodiment of the elastic device, the elastic device is composed of a spring, and the spring (5) is placed between the stopper pin (4) and the sliding sleeve (6); the outer wall of the scale sleeve (2) is pressed according to the pressure of the elastic device The size of the setting pressure scale.

As another preferred embodiment of the elastic device, the elastic device consists of a spring, a pressure sensor, a connecting pipe, and a pressure indicator, wherein,

The spring is placed between the spring pin and the pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is located above the sliding sleeve and the pressure regulating nut;

In addition, a long hole penetrating to the upper end opening is arranged on the wall of the sliding sleeve, so as to facilitate the passage of the pressure sensor connecting pipe, one end of the connecting pipe is connected to the pressure indicator, and the other end is connected to the pressure sensor.

As a preferred embodiment of the sliding connection between the adjustment shaft and the sliding threaded sleeve, the sliding connection structure between the sliding threaded sleeve (10) and the adjustment shaft (1) is as follows: the lower part of the adjustment shaft (1) is radially arranged A limit pin hole, the upper part of the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is provided with a limit hole penetrating both sides in the radial direction, and the limit pin (9) radially penetrates the limit hole of the sliding threaded sleeve and the limit pin on the lower part of the adjusting shaft hole to prevent the adjustment shaft (1) from rotating in the horizontal direction; the axial length of the limit pin hole is greater than the lateral length, so that the adjustment shaft can move downward relative to the sliding threaded sleeve under the action of the axial force.

The sliding connection between the adjusting shaft and the sliding threaded sleeve can also be set as a guide flat key for sliding and anti-rotation. The upper inner wall of the sliding threaded sleeve and the lower outer wall of the adjusting shaft are provided with keys corresponding to the guiding flat key. The lower part of the adjusting shaft The guide flat key keyway set on the outer wall is slightly longer than the guide flat key, the guide flat key and the sliding threaded sleeve are fastened with fastening pins, and the top of the lower part of the adjusting shaft is provided with an anti-drop screw, which is threadedly connected to the lower part of the adjusting shaft.

As a further preference, the outer wall of the middle part of the sliding fitting screw sleeve is an irregular hexagonal surface, and the thickness of the cylinder wall on which the limiting jacking wire is arranged is increased, which is convenient for the limiting jacking screw and the tightening jacking wire to be pressurized; The outer wall corresponding to the upper and lower inner walls is a cylindrical surface; the upper end of the adjusting shaft and the lower end of the fixing rod can be made into other shape structures or connected with other fixing structures, and are matched and connected with various external fixing bracket fixing structures; the lower part of the adjusting shaft and the upper part of the fixing rod A flat surface is provided, and the limiting top wire and the fastening key wire can be screwed into the above-mentioned flat surface.

An orthopedic clinical application of a pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket, using one of the above-mentioned adjustable pressure fixing arms, combined with a rod-needle clamp block or with a rod-needle clamp block, a rod-and-stick clamp block, and a fixed rod to form a single-arm adjustable Pressure combined external fixation bracket.

An orthopedic clinical application of a pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket, which adopts two of the above-mentioned pressure-adjustable fixation arms, and is combined with two half rings, a rod clamp block, a rod needle clamp block, and a fixed rod to form a semi-ring adjustable Pressure combined external fixation bracket.

A combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure for orthopaedic clinical application, using 3 or 6 of the above-mentioned adjustable pressure fixing arms, and 4 or 5 rings or partial rings, threaded rods, fixing nuts, fixing needles The screw, the adjusting wheel and the threaded column are combined to form a ring-type combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure.

The needle clamp block can be set to any one of the I-type needle clamp block, the II-type needle clamp block, and the III-type needle clamp block, wherein

I-type needle clamp block: It consists of clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B, clamp block B, gasket, fastening screw, head nail, and open spring; clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B , The clamping block b is set to have an arc surface at one end and a flat surface at one end, with a circular hole corresponding to the fastening screw in the center, and the central circular hole of clamping block A is threadedly connected with the head end of the fastening screw; clamping block A, clamping block a One end of the arc-shaped surface of the corresponding surface is provided with a groove suitable for the fixing rod and the adjusting shaft, and one end of the plane is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces; one end of the arc-shaped surface of the corresponding surfaces of the clamping block B and the clamping block b is provided with a bone screw and a fixed steel needle. To adapt to the groove, one end of the plane is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces, and a circular corresponding anti-rotation tooth surface is set around the center hole of the corresponding surface of the clamping block a and the clamping block B. Separation, the head end of the fastening screw is set to be hollow, and it is threadedly connected with the head nail, and the gasket is located between the clamping block b and the tail end of the fastening screw;

Type II needle clamp block: It consists of clamp block D, clamp block d, fastening screws, ball head clamp block, tail nail and washer. The corresponding side of clamp block D and clamp block d is provided with corresponding arc grooves and The spherical groove is used to fix the fixed rod, the adjusting shaft and the ball head clamping block; the center of the clamping block D and the clamping block d is provided with a center hole corresponding to the fastening screw, the clamping block d is connected with the fastening screw thread, and the clamping block D A groove adapted to the washer is arranged around the center hole of the surface corresponding to the tail end of the fastening screw; the head end of the ball clamp block is spherical, and the tail end is a hollow cylindrical shape. Used to fix bone screws and pins;

Type III needle clamp block: It consists of a central disc, a fixed needle disc, a fixed rod clamp block, and a fastening screw; the central disc is disc-shaped, with a round hole in the center, and the upper and lower peripheries are provided with anti-rotating tooth surfaces. The disc is in the shape of a concave disc, with a circular hole in the center, with a toothed surface around the periphery, and a radial groove through the disc to fix the bone screw or bone pin; the center of the fixing rod is provided with a circular hole, which is threadedly connected with the fastening screw , 1 arc groove and 2 pillars are set around it to fix the fixed rod and the adjustment shaft;

The rod clamp block can be set to any one of the I type rod clamp block, the II type rod clamp block, and the III type rod clamp block, wherein

I-type bar clamp block: It consists of clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B, clamp block B, gasket, fastening screw, head nail, and open spring; clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B. The clamping blocks b are all set to have an arc surface at one end and a flat surface at one end, with a circular hole corresponding to the fastening screw in the center, and the central circular hole of clamping block A is threadedly connected to the head end of the fastening screw; clamping block A, clamping block a. One end of the arc-shaped surface of the corresponding surfaces of the clamping block B and the clamping block b is provided with a groove suitable for the fixing rod and the adjusting shaft, and one end of the flat surface is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces; The circle corresponds to the anti-rotation tooth surface, the clamping block a and the clamping block B are separated by a spreading spring, the head end of the tightening screw is set to be hollow and is threadedly connected with the head nail, and the gasket is located in the clamping block b and tightened. between the ends of the screws;

Type II rod clamping block: It consists of a central disc, a fixing rod clamping block A, a fixing rod clamping block a, and a fastening screw; the central disc is disc-shaped, and the center is equipped with a round hole suitable for the fastening screw. There are anti-rotation tooth surfaces on the periphery, the center of the clamp block A and clamp block a are provided with round holes suitable for the fastening screws, the clamp block a is threadedly connected with the fastening screws, the clamp block A, the clamp block a There is an arc groove and 2 pillars around the block a, which are used to fix the fixed rod and the adjustment shaft;

Type III rod clamp block: It is composed of clamp block E, clamp block e, fastening screws and washers. One end of the arc surface of clamp block E and clamp block E is provided with a circular hole through the clamp block corresponding to the fixed rod and adjustment shaft. One end is provided with a circular hole corresponding to the fastening screw through the clamping block. The plane blocks are separated by a gap of about 2mm, and the directions of the two holes are perpendicular. The other side of e is threadedly connected with the head end of the tightening screw, and a washer is provided between the clamping block E and the tail end of the tightening screw.

The present invention first provides an improved pressure-regulating fixing arm, and then the pressure-adjustable single-arm fixing bracket, half-ring fixing bracket and ring-shaped fixing bracket are combined by the pressure-adjusting fixing arm and the needle clamp block or the stick clamp block. fixed bracket. The beneficial effects of the present invention lie in the following aspects:

First of all, compared with the original outer fixing frame elastic device, the pressure regulating fixing arm of the pressure-adjustable combined outer fixing bracket of the present invention is redesigned in terms of the main structure. The combination of the pressure regulating nut and the tightening nut, the elastic device is located above the pressure regulating nut, which makes the assembly of the elastic device and the pressure transmission device easy and simple;

Secondly, a tightening nut is added, and two radially penetrating pin holes are arranged at different axial heights of the fixing rod; after the two clamping pins penetrate radially through the pin holes of the fixing rod, they are respectively connected with the fixing nut. The upper and lower steps are matched with the lower end of the fastening nut, so that the fixed rod can rotate unconstrained in the circumferential direction, and at the same time, with the up and down movement of the fastening nut, the fixed rod can move accurately, which is conducive to the precise reduction of the fracture end, surgery It has the advantages of time compression and precise adjustment of the fracture end gap at any time after surgery;

Thirdly, the fixed ferrule radially arranged on the adjusting shaft can be tightly fitted with both ends of the retaining spring pin, which has the advantage of preventing the retaining spring pin from loosening and coming out; the sliding matching screw sleeve is provided with a limit top wire and a tightening top wire. It has the advantages of convenient operation, easy fixation, and restricting the sliding of the adjustment shaft and the fixed rod; the adjustment shaft and the fixed rod can be matched and fixed with various types of rod-needle clamp blocks and rod-rod clamp blocks. The advantages.

To sum up, when the combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure of the present invention is used for fracture fixation, when the limiting top wire is unscrewed, the fractured bone will pass through the fixing screws, bone pins and external fixator on the bone under the axial pressure. The upper and lower ends push the adjustment shaft down to pressurize and compress the spring. Since the adjustment shaft can move down slightly, it drives and controls the fractured bones and also conducts stress. Under the action of the stress at the fractured end, it can stimulate the formation of callus at the fractured end and avoid fractures. The end produces stress shielding. For comminuted fractures, the axial pressure in the early stage of fracture healing is easy to displace the fracture fragments, and the limit top wire needs to be screwed in to limit the downward movement of the adjustment axis, and the fracture end will not produce fretting and stress. When it is in position, just unscrew the limit top wire. When the fractured bone is subjected to axial stress, it can stimulate the formation of callus at the fracture end, avoid the stress shielding of the external fixator and cause osteoporosis, which can speed up the fracture healing speed, increase the strength of the healed bone, and effectively prevent the delayed union or nonunion of the fracture. occur.

Description of drawings

The drawings of the accompanying drawings are described as follows

1 is a schematic diagram of the single-arm type I structure of a combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure composed of a first specific embodiment of a pressure-adjustable fixed arm and a needle clamp block.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the single-arm type II structure of a combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure composed of a second specific embodiment of a pressure-adjustable fixing arm and a needle clamp block

3 is a schematic diagram of the single-arm type III structure of a combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure composed of a third specific embodiment of a pressure-adjustable fixing arm and a needle clamp block

4 is a schematic diagram of the single-arm type IV structure of a combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure composed of a fourth specific embodiment of a pressure-adjustable fixing arm and a needle clamp block

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the I-type structure of the needle clamp

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the needle clip II type

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the needle clip III type

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the I-type structure of the rod clamp

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rod clamp II

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rod clamp III

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the half-ring type I structure of the combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-ring type II type of the combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure

Figure 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the combined external fixation bracket half ring type III with adjustable pressure

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-ring type IV of the combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure

Figure 15 is a schematic view of the ring type I structure of the combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure

Figure 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the combined external fixing bracket ring type II with adjustable pressure

Figure 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the combined external fixing bracket ring type III with adjustable pressure

Figure 18 is a schematic view of the structure of the combined external fixation bracket ring type IV with adjustable pressure

Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the ring-type V-shaped structure of the combined external fixation bracket with adjustable pressure

Figure 20 is a schematic view of the structure of the combined external fixing bracket ring type VI with adjustable pressure

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are based on the embodiments of the present invention. , all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The pressure-adjustable combined external fixator is divided into three combined forms: single-arm type, half-ring type, and ring type.

1 pressure-regulating fixed arm and needle clamp block or combined with needle clamp block, rod clamp block and fixed rod to form a single-arm adjustable pressure external fixation bracket.

2 pressure-regulating fixed arms and 2 half-rings, rod clamp block, rod needle clamp block and fixed rod are combined to form a semi-ring adjustable pressure external fixing bracket

3 or 6 pressure regulating fixing arms are combined with 4 or 5 rings or 2/3 rings, threaded rods, fixing nuts, fixing needle screws, adjusting wheels, and threaded columns to form a ring-type adjustable pressure external fixing bracket.

The adjustable pressure fixing arm generally includes the following structures: an adjustment shaft (1), a pressure adjustment nut (7), a sliding threaded sleeve (10), an elastic device, a tightening nut (12), a fixing rod (14), and a retaining spring The pin (4), the fixed ferrule (3), the scale sleeve (2), the sliding sleeve (6), the limit top wire (8), and the fastening top wire (11); wherein,

The adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) are both cylindrical hollow tubes or solid rods; the upper and lower inner diameters of the sliding-fitting screw sleeve (10) are set to be the same, and the upper inner wall of the sliding-fitting screw sleeve (10) and the adjusting shaft ( 1) The lower outer wall of the sliding fit screw sleeve (10) is slidingly matched with the upper outer wall of the fixing rod (14);

A scale sleeve (2), a retaining spring pin (4), a fixed ferrule (3), an elastic device, a sliding sleeve (6), and a pressure regulating nut are arranged on the adjusting shaft (1) in order from top to bottom; wherein,

The upper inner wall of the scale sleeve (2) is closely matched with the adjustment shaft (1), and the lower part of the scale sleeve (2) opens downward; the lower inner wall of the sliding sleeve (6) is slidingly matched with the adjustment shaft (1); the sliding sleeve (6) ) the upper opening is upward; the lower outer wall of the scale sleeve (2) is slidingly matched with the upper inner wall of the sliding sleeve (6); the spring pin (4) and the elastic device are arranged between the scale sleeve (2) and the sliding sleeve (6) In the space between the two, the retaining pin (4) radially penetrates the circular hole provided on the adjusting shaft (1), the retaining ring (3) is radially provided at the retaining pin, and both ends of the retaining pin (4) It is closely matched with the round hole provided on the fixed ferrule (3) to prevent the radial loosening and disengagement of the retaining spring pin. The spring pin (4) jointly restricts the upward movement of the elastic device; the pressure regulating nut (7) is located under the sliding sleeve (6), and the lower inner wall of the pressure regulating nut (7) is threadedly connected with the upper outer wall of the sliding matching screw sleeve (10), which can be opposite to each other. The sliding sleeve (10) moves up and down, so as to push the sliding sleeve (6) and the elastic device to move up and down together;

The upper part and the lower part of a side wall surface are respectively provided with a limit jack screw hole and a fastening jack screw hole, which can separate the limit jack screw (8) and the fastening jack screw (11) respectively. Screw it into the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1) and the upper part of the fixing rod (14), and after tightening it, the adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) can be prevented from rotating horizontally and moving up and down; The shaft (1) is also provided with a sliding connection structure;

The upper inner wall of the fastening nut (12) is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the lower end of the sliding fitting nut, and the inner wall of the lower end of the fastening nut (12) is slidably matched with the outer wall of the fixing rod (14); two pin holes that penetrate radially through; after the two snap pins penetrate radially through the pin holes of the fixing rod (14), they are respectively clamped on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the lower end of the tightening nut (12), and can follow the tightening nut. The up and down movement of the rod drives the fixed rod to move up and down, and the above-mentioned clamping pin can rotate horizontally relative to the fastening nut (12).

Figure 1 shows a single-arm type I structure of a combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, wherein the pressure-adjustable fixing arm is the first embodiment, that is, on the basis of the overall structure of the pressure-adjustable fixing arm, the adjustment shaft is further provided: (1) The lower part is provided with a limit pin hole, the sliding matching screw sleeve (10) is set so that the upper and lower inner diameters are the same, and the sliding matching screw sleeve (10) is radially provided with a limit pin (9), the limit pin (9) and the adjustment The lower part of the shaft (1) is provided with a corresponding limit pin hole, and the spring (5) is placed between the stopper pin (4) and the sliding sleeve (6).

Figure 2 shows the single-arm type II structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, wherein the adjustable pressure fixing arm is the second embodiment, that is, on the basis of the overall structure of the above-mentioned adjustable pressure fixing arm, the adjustment shaft is further provided: (1) The lower part is provided with a limit pin hole, the sliding matching screw sleeve (10) is set so that the upper and lower inner diameters are the same, and the sliding matching screw sleeve (10) is radially provided with a limit pin (9), the limit pin (9) and the adjustment The lower part of the shaft (1) is provided with a corresponding limit pin hole, the spring (5) is placed between the stopper pin (4) and the pressure sensor (18), the pressure sensor (18) is located above the sliding sleeve (6), and the pressure sensor (18) is connected to the pressure indicator (17) through the connecting pipe (16).

Figure 3 is a single-arm type III structure of a combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, wherein the pressure-adjustable fixing arm is a third embodiment, that is, on the basis of the overall structure of the pressure-adjustable fixing arm, it is further provided: an adjustment shaft (1) The lower part is provided with an anti-fall screw (21), and the sliding connection between the adjusting shaft (1) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is set as the guide flat key (19) to prevent rotation, and the upper part of the sliding threaded sleeve (10) The inner wall and the lower outer wall of the adjusting shaft (1) are provided with key grooves corresponding to the flat guiding key (19), and the flat guiding key (19) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) are tightly connected by a fastening pin (20), and the adjusting shaft (1) ) bottom top is provided with an anti-drop screw (21), the anti-drop screw (21) is threadedly connected with the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1), and the spring (5) is placed between the retaining spring pin (4) and the sliding sleeve (6).

Figure 4 shows the single-arm type IV structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, wherein the adjustable pressure fixing arm is the fourth embodiment, that is, on the basis of the overall structure of the above-mentioned adjustable pressure fixing arm, the adjustment shaft is further provided: (1) The lower part is provided with an anti-fall screw (21), and the sliding connection between the adjusting shaft (1) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is set as the guide flat key (19) to prevent rotation, and the upper part of the sliding threaded sleeve (10) The inner wall and the lower outer wall of the adjusting shaft (1) are provided with key grooves corresponding to the flat guiding key (19), and the flat guiding key (19) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) are tightly connected by a fastening pin (20), and the adjusting shaft (1) ) bottom top is provided with anti-drop screw (21), the anti-drop screw (21) is threadedly connected to the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1), and the spring (5) is placed between the retaining spring pin (4) and the pressure sensor (18), the pressure sensor (18) is located above the sliding sleeve (6), and the pressure sensor (18) is connected with the pressure indicator (17) through the connecting pipe (16).

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, further, a pressure scale is set on the outer wall of the scale sleeve (2) according to the pressure of the elastic device.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, further, the wall of the sliding sleeve (6) is provided with a long hole penetrating through to the opening of the upper end, so as to facilitate the passage of the pressure sensor connecting pipe, and one end of the connecting pipe (16) is connected to the pressure indicator ( 17), and the other end is connected to the pressure sensor (18).

In the embodiment of Fig. 1-4, further, the outer wall of the middle part of the sliding screw sleeve (10) is an irregular hexagonal surface, and the thickness of the cylinder wall on which the limiting top wire (8) is arranged is increased, which is convenient for the limiting top The wire (8) and the fastening top wire (I1) are pressurized; the outer walls corresponding to the upper and lower inner walls of the sliding-fit screw sleeve (10) are cylindrical surfaces. The upper end of the adjusting shaft (1) and the lower end of the fixing rod (14) can be made into other shape structures or connected with other fixing structures, and are matched and connected with various external fixing bracket fixing structures. The lower part of the adjusting shaft (1) and the upper part of the fixing rod (14) are provided with a flat surface, and the limiting jackscrew (8) and the tightening jackscrew (11) can be screwed into the plane against the above-mentioned plane.

The fixed clamp block is divided into a needle clamp block (15) and a rod clamp block (56), which can be set in various forms, and are fastened to the adjustment shaft (1), the fixed rod (14), the half ring (57), and the fixed rod. connect.

The needle clamp block (15) can be set to the form of I type needle clamp block, II type needle clamp block, III type needle clamp block, etc.; Clamp block, type III rod clamp block, etc.

Figure 5 shows the I-type structure of the needle clamp, which consists of clamp block A (23), clamp block a (24), clamp block B (25), clamp block b (27), washer (28), and fasten screws (29), The head nail (22) and the opening spring (26) are composed. The clamping block A (23), the clamping block a (24), the clamping block B (25), and the clamping block b (27) are all set to have an arc-shaped surface at one end and a flat surface at the other end, and the center is set in the same direction as the fastening screw (29). Corresponding to the round hole, the central round hole of the clamping block A (23) is threadedly connected with the head end of the fastening screw (29). One end of the arc-shaped surface of the clamping block A (23) and the corresponding surface of the clamping block a (24) is provided with a groove adapted to the fixing rod (14) and the adjusting shaft (1), and one end of the flat surface is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces. One end of the arc surface of the corresponding surfaces of the clamping block B (25) and the clamping block b (27) is provided with a groove suitable for the bone screw and the fixing steel pin, and one end of the flat surface is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces. The clamping block a (24), the clamp A circular anti-rotation tooth surface is provided around the center hole of the corresponding surface of the block B (25), and the clamping block a (24) and the clamping block B (25) are separated by a spreading spring (26), and the screw (29) is fastened. ) head end is set to be hollow, which is threadedly connected with the head nail (22), and the gasket (28) is located between the clamping block b (27) and the tail end of the fastening screw (29).

Figure 6 shows the type II structure of the needle clamp, which is composed of a clamp block D (33), a clamp block d (32), a fastening screw (35), a ball head clamp block (31), a tail pin (30), and a washer (34). . Corresponding arc-shaped grooves and spherical grooves are provided on the corresponding side of the clamping block D (33) and the clamping block d (32) for fixing the fixing rod (14), the adjusting shaft (1) and the ball head clamping block ( 31). The center of the clamping block D (33) and the clamping block d (32) is provided with a center hole corresponding to the fastening screw (35). A groove adapted to the washer (34) is provided around the central hole on the surface corresponding to the rear end of the fastening screw (35). The head end of the ball head clamping block (31) is spherical, and the tail end is hollow cylindrical, the tail end is threadedly connected with the tail screw (30), and a radial through hole is provided for fixing bone screws and bone pins.

Fig. 7 shows the type III structure of the needle clamp, which is composed of a central disc (38), a needle fixing disc (37), a fixing clamp block (39), and a fastening screw (36). The central disc (38) is in the shape of a disc, with a circular hole in the center, and the upper and lower peripheries are provided with anti-rotation tooth surfaces. To set the groove through the disc, fix the bone screw or bone pin. A round hole is arranged in the center of the fixing rod clamping block (39), which is threadedly connected with the fastening screw (36), and an arc-shaped groove and two pillars are arranged at the periphery for fixing the fixing rod (14) and the adjusting shaft (1).

Figure 8 shows the I-type structure of the bar clamp, which consists of clamp block A (41), clamp block a (42), clamp block B (43), clamp block b (45), and washer (46) Fastening screws (47) , a head nail (40), and a spreading spring (44). A (41), clamping block a (42), clamping block B (43), and clamping block b (45) are all set to have an arc surface at one end and a flat surface at one end, and a circle corresponding to the tightening screw (47) in the center. The hole in the center of the clamping block A (41) is threadedly connected with the head end of the fastening screw (47). One end of the arc-shaped surface corresponding to the clamping block A (41), the clamping block a (42), the clamping block B (43), and the clamping block b (45) is provided with a groove adapted to the fixing rod (14) and the adjusting shaft (1). , and one end of the plane is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces. A circular anti-rotation tooth surface is provided around the center hole of the corresponding surface of the clamping block a (42) and the clamping block B (43), and the spring (44) is opened between the clamping block a (42) and the clamping block B (43). Separated from each other, the head end of the fastening screw (47) is hollow and is threadedly connected with the head nail (40), and the gasket (46) is located between the clamping block b (45) and the rear end of the fastening screw (47).

Fig. 9 shows the type II structure of the rod clamp, which is composed of a central disc (50), a rod clamp block (49), a rod clamp block (51), and a fastening screw (48). The central disc (50) is disc-shaped, and the center is provided with a circular hole suitable for the fastening screw (48), and the upper and lower peripheries are provided with anti-rotation tooth surfaces. A round hole is provided to match the tightening screw (48), the fixing rod clamping block (51) is threadedly connected with the tightening screw (48), and an arc is arranged around the fixing rod clamping block (49) and the fixing rod clamping block (51). A groove and 2 pillars are used to fix the fixing rod (14) and the adjusting shaft (1).

Figure 10 shows the type III structure of the rod clamp, which is composed of a clamp block E (54), a clamp block e (55), a fastening screw (52), and a washer (53). One end of the arc surface of the clamping block E (54) and the clamping block e (55) is provided with a circular hole corresponding to the fixing rod (14 and the adjusting shaft (1) passing through the clamping block, and one end of the flat surface is provided with a corresponding penetration hole for the fastening screw (52). The round holes of the clamping block are separated by a gap of about 2mm between the plane blocks, and the directions of the two holes are perpendicular to each other. ) on the other side is threadedly connected with the head end of the tightening screw (52), and a washer (53) is provided between the clamping block E (54) and the tail end of the tightening screw (52).

The connection between the adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) is set as an arc-shaped or trapezoidal half-ring (57), the half-ring (57) is a rod or a tube, and the fixing rod is a solid rod or a hollow tube.

The ring of the ring-type external fixing frame is a circular ring (60) or a partial ring (64), and a circular hole is arranged around the ring. Part of the rings (64) are connected by threaded rods (59), and the fixing nut (58) is threadedly connected with the threaded rods (59), located on the top and bottom of the ring (60) and the adjusting wheel (65), the upper and lower rings The threaded rod (59) between (60) is provided with an adjusting wheel (65) and a pressure fixing arm (62), the threaded rod (59) and the adjusting wheel (65) are threadedly connected, and the fixing nut (58) is fixed, The adjusting wheel (65) is located above or below the intermediate ring of the five circular rings, and the adjusting wheel (65) moves on the threaded rod (59) to drive the intermediate circular ring (60) to move. A threaded post (63) can be arranged on the ring (60) for fixing the bone screw. A groove is provided at the tail of the pin-fixing screw (61) for fixing the bone pin.

Figure 11 shows the semi-ring I-type structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of two pressure-regulating fixing arms, a rod clamp (56), a half ring (57), and the rod clamp (56) is connected and adjusted Shaft (1), fixed rod (14), half ring (57). The lower part of the adjusting shaft (1) of the pressure-regulating fixed arm is provided with a limit pin hole; The position pin (9) corresponds to the limit pin hole provided at the lower part of the adjustment shaft (1), and the spring (5) is placed between the stopper pin (4) and the sliding sleeve (6).

Figure 12 shows the half-ring type 1I structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of two pressure-regulating fixing arms, a rod clamp (56), a half ring (57), and the rod clamp (56) is connected and adjusted Shaft (1), fixed rod (14), half ring (57). The lower part of the adjusting shaft (1) of the pressure-regulating fixed arm is provided with a limit pin hole; The position pin (9) corresponds to the limit pin hole provided at the lower part of the adjustment shaft (1), the spring (5) is placed between the spring stop pin (4) and the pressure sensor (18), and the pressure sensor (18) is located in the sliding sleeve Above (6), the pressure sensor (18) is connected with the pressure indicator (17) through the connecting pipe (16).

Figure 13 shows the semi-ring type III structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of two pressure-regulating fixing arms, a rod clamp (56), a half ring (57), and the rod clamp (56) is connected and adjusted Shaft (1), fixed rod (14), half ring (57). The lower part of the adjustment shaft (1) is provided with an anti-drop screw (21), and the sliding connection between the adjustment shaft (1) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is set as a guide flat key (19) to prevent rotation, and the sliding connection between the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is set as a guide flat key (19). ) The upper inner wall and the lower outer wall of the adjusting shaft (1) are provided with a keyway corresponding to the guide flat key (19), and the guiding flat key (19) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) are fastened with the fastening pin (20), and the adjusting shaft (1) An anti-drop screw (21) is provided at the top of the lower part, the anti-drop screw (21) is threadedly connected to the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1), and the spring (5) is placed between the retaining spring pin (4) and the sliding sleeve (6) .

Figure 14 shows the semi-ring type IV structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of two pressure-regulating fixing arms, a rod clamp (56) and a half ring (57), and the rod clamp (56) is connected and adjusted Shaft (1), fixed rod (14), half ring (57). The lower part of the adjustment shaft (1) is provided with an anti-drop screw (21), and the sliding connection between the adjustment shaft (1) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is set as a guide flat key (19) to prevent rotation, and the sliding connection between the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is set as a guide flat key (19). ) The upper inner wall and the lower outer wall of the adjusting shaft (1) are provided with a keyway corresponding to the guide flat key (19), and the guiding flat key (19) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) are fastened with the fastening pin (20), and the adjusting shaft (1) An anti-drop screw (21) is provided at the top of the lower part, and the anti-drop screw (21) is threadedly connected to the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1), and the spring (5) is placed between the stopper pin (4) and the pressure sensor (18), The pressure sensor (18) is located above the sliding sleeve (6), and the pressure sensor (18) is connected with the pressure indicator (17) through the connecting pipe (16).

Figure 15 shows the ring-type I-type structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of 3 pressure-adjusting fixing arms (62), 4 rings (60), threaded rods (59), fixing nuts (58), fixing The needle screw (61) and the threaded column (63) are composed, the pressure regulating fixing arm (62) is located between the upper two rings (60) and the lower two rings (60), and the pressure regulating fixing arm (62) is not. With pressure gauge.

Figure 16 shows the ring type II structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of 3 pressure regulating fixing arms (62), 4 circular rings (60), threaded rods (59), fixing nuts (58), fixing It is composed of a needle screw (61) and a threaded column (63). The pressure regulating fixing arm (62) is located between the upper two rings (60) and the lower two circular rings (60). The pressure regulating fixing arm (62) is a belt Pressure gauge type.

Figure 17 shows the pressure-adjustable combined external fixing bracket ring type III structure, consisting of 6 pressure-adjusting fixing arms (62), 4 rings (60), 1 partial ring (64), and threaded rods (59) ), a fixing nut (58), a fixing screw (61), a threaded column (63), and an adjusting wheel (65). Between (60) and the middle ring (60), and between the lower ring (60) and the middle ring (60), an adjusting wheel (65) is arranged on the threaded rod (59), and the adjusting wheel (65) is on the threaded rod ( 59) The upward movement can drive the middle ring (60) to move, and the pressure regulating fixed arm (62) is of a type without a pressure gauge.

Figure 18 shows the ring-type IV structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of 6 pressure-adjusting fixing arms (62), 4 rings (60), 1 partial ring (64), and threaded rods (59). ), a fixing nut (58), a fixing screw (61), a threaded column (63), and an adjusting wheel (65). Between (60) and the middle ring (60), and between the lower ring (60) and the middle ring (60), an adjusting wheel (65) is arranged on the threaded rod (59), and the adjusting wheel (65) is on the threaded rod ( 59) The upward movement can drive the middle ring (60) to move, and the pressure regulating fixed arm (62) is of a pressure gauge type.

Figure 19 shows the ring-type V-shaped structure of the combined external fixing bracket that can adjust the pressure. ), a fixing nut (58), a pin-fixing screw (61), a threaded column (63), and an adjusting wheel (65). ), between the lower ring (60) and the middle ring (60), an adjusting wheel (65) is arranged on the threaded rod (59), and the adjusting wheel (65) moves on the threaded rod (59) to drive the middle ring (60) moves, the upper ring (60) and the middle ring (60) are connected with a threaded rod (59), and the pressure regulating fixing arm (62) is of a type without a pressure gauge.

Figure 20 shows the ring type VI structure of the combined external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure, which consists of 3 pressure regulating fixing arms (62), 4 rings (60), 1 partial ring (64), threaded rods (59) ), a fixing nut (58), a pin-fixing screw (61), a threaded column (63), and an adjusting wheel (65). ), between the lower ring (60) and the middle ring (60), an adjusting wheel (65) is arranged on the threaded rod (59), and the adjusting wheel (65) moves on the threaded rod (59) to drive the middle ring (60) moves, the upper ring (60) and the middle ring (60) are connected by a threaded rod (59), and the pressure regulating fixing arm (62) is of a pressure gauge type.

From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can also be realized by other structures, especially by the above several pressure regulating fixed arms and rod clamp blocks, rod pin clamp blocks, half ring Various fixing brackets can be combined with accessories such as rings or rings. Therefore, the features of the present invention are not limited to the above preferred embodiments. Any changes or modifications that can be easily conceived by any person skilled in the art within the technical field of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An adjustable pressure fixing arm for orthopaedic clinical application, wherein the adjustable pressure fixing arm comprises: an adjusting shaft (1), a pressure adjusting nut (7), a sliding threaded sleeve (10), an elastic device , tightening nut (12), fixing rod (14), retaining spring pin (4), fixing ferrule (3), scale sleeve (2), sliding sleeve (6), limit top wire (8), Fasten the top wire (11); wherein, The adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) are both cylindrical hollow tubes or solid rods; the upper and lower inner diameters of the sliding-fitting screw sleeve (10) are set to be the same, and the upper inner wall of the sliding-fitting screw sleeve (10) and the adjusting shaft ( 1) The lower outer wall of the sliding fit screw sleeve (10) is slidingly matched with the upper outer wall of the fixing rod (14); A scale sleeve (2), a retaining spring pin (4), a fixed ferrule (3), an elastic device, a sliding sleeve (6), and a pressure regulating nut are arranged on the adjusting shaft (1) in order from top to bottom; wherein, The upper inner wall of the scale sleeve (2) is closely matched with the adjustment shaft (1), and the lower part of the scale sleeve (2) opens downward; the lower inner wall of the sliding sleeve (6) is slidingly matched with the adjustment shaft (1); the sliding sleeve (6) ) the upper opening is upward; the lower outer wall of the scale sleeve (2) is slidingly matched with the upper inner wall of the sliding sleeve (6); the spring pin (4) and the elastic device are arranged between the scale sleeve (2) and the sliding sleeve (6) In the space between the two, the retaining pin (4) radially penetrates the circular hole provided on the adjusting shaft (1), the retaining ring (3) is radially provided at the retaining pin, and both ends of the retaining pin (4) It is closely matched with the round hole provided on the fixed ferrule (3) to prevent the radial loosening and disengagement of the retaining spring pin. The spring pin (4) jointly restricts the upward movement of the elastic device; the pressure regulating nut (7) is located under the sliding sleeve (6), and the lower inner wall of the pressure regulating nut (7) is threadedly connected with the upper outer wall of the sliding matching screw sleeve (10), which can be opposite to each other. The sliding sleeve (10) moves up and down, so as to push the sliding sleeve (6) and the elastic device to move up and down together; The upper part and the lower part of a side wall surface are respectively provided with a limit jack screw hole and a fastening jack screw hole, which can separate the limit jack screw (8) and the fastening jack screw (11) respectively. Screw it into the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1) and the upper part of the fixing rod (14), and after tightening it, the adjusting shaft (1) and the fixing rod (14) can be prevented from rotating horizontally and moving up and down; The shaft (1) is also provided with a sliding connection structure; The upper inner wall of the fastening nut (12) is threadedly connected with the outer wall of the lower end of the sliding fitting nut, and the inner wall of the lower end of the fastening nut (12) is slidably matched with the outer wall of the fixing rod (14); two pin holes that penetrate radially through; after the two snap pins penetrate radially through the pin holes of the fixing rod (14), they are respectively clamped on the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the lower end of the tightening nut (12), and can follow the tightening nut. The up and down movement of the rod drives the fixed rod to move up and down, and the above-mentioned clamping pin can rotate horizontally relative to the fastening nut (12). 2. The adjustable pressure fixing arm according to claim 1, wherein the elastic device is composed of a spring (5), wherein the spring (5) is placed between the stopper pin (4) and the sliding sleeve (6) time; a pressure scale is set on the outer wall of the scale sleeve (2) according to the pressure of the elastic device. 3. The adjustable pressure fixing arm according to claim 1, wherein the elastic device is composed of a spring (5), a pressure sensor (18), a connecting pipe (16), and a pressure indicator (17), wherein, The spring (5) is placed between the retaining spring pin (4) and the pressure sensor (18), and the pressure sensor (18) is located above the sliding sleeve (6) and the pressure regulating nut (7); In addition, the wall of the sliding sleeve (6) is provided with a long hole penetrating through to the opening of the upper end to facilitate the passage of the connecting pipe. One end of the connecting pipe (16) is connected to the pressure indicator (17), and the other end is connected to the pressure sensor (18). 4. The adjustable pressure fixing arm according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sliding connection structure between the sliding threaded sleeve (10) and the adjusting shaft (1) is: the lower part of the adjusting shaft (1) A limit pin hole is arranged in the radial direction, the upper part of the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is provided with a limit hole penetrating both sides in the radial direction, and the limit pin (9) radially penetrates the limit hole of the sliding threaded sleeve and the lower part of the adjusting shaft. The limit pin hole prevents the adjustment shaft (1) from rotating in the horizontal direction; the axial length of the limit pin hole is greater than the horizontal length, so that the adjustment shaft can move downward relative to the sliding threaded sleeve under the action of the axial force. 5. The adjustable pressure fixing arm according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the sliding connection between the sliding threaded sleeve (10) and the adjusting shaft (1) can also be set to slide in the form of a guide flat key With anti-rotation, the keyway corresponding to the flat guide key is set on the upper inner wall of the sliding threaded sleeve (10) and the lower outer wall of the adjusting shaft (1), and the flat guiding key keyway set on the outer wall of the lower part of the adjusting shaft is slightly longer than the flat guiding key (19). , the guide flat key (19) and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) are tightly connected with the fastening pin (20), the lower end of the adjusting shaft (1) is provided with an anti-drop screw (21), and the anti-drop screw (21) is connected with the adjustment The lower part of the shaft (1) is screwed. 6. The adjustable pressure fixing arm according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the outer wall of the middle part of the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is an irregular hexagonal surface, and the sliding threaded sleeve (10) is provided with The thickness of the cylinder wall on the side of the limiting jackscrew and the tightening jackscrew is increased, which is convenient for the pressure of the limiting jackscrew and the tightening jackscrew; The upper end of the adjusting shaft and the lower end of the fixing rod can be made into other shape structures or connected with other fixing structures, and are matched and connected with various external fixing bracket fixing structures; The lower part of the adjustment shaft is provided with a flat surface, and the limiting jack screw can be screwed into the above-mentioned flat surface. 7. A pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket for orthopaedic clinical application, characterized in that 1 pressure-adjustable fixing arm as claimed in any one of claims 1-6 is used, with a rod-needle clamp block or with a rod-needle clamp The block, the rod clamp block and the fixed rod are combined into a single-arm type external fixed bracket with adjustable pressure. 8. A pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket for orthopaedic clinical application is characterized in that, using 2 adjustable pressure fixing arms as described in any one of claims 1-6, and 2 half-rings, rods The clamping block, the needle clamping block and the fixing rod are combined into a semi-ring type external fixing bracket with adjustable pressure. 9. A pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket for orthopaedic clinical application is characterized in that, using 3 or 6 adjustable pressure fixing arms as described in any one of claims 1-6, and 4 or 5 A ring or part of a ring, a threaded rod, a fixed nut, a fixed needle screw, an adjusting wheel, and a threaded column are combined to form a ring-type combined external fixing bracket that can adjust the pressure. 10. The pressure-adjustable combined external fixation bracket according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the needle clamp block can be set as one of the type I needle clamp block, the type II needle clamp block, and the type III needle clamp block. any of the I-type needle clamp block: It consists of clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B, clamp block B, gasket, fastening screw, head nail, and open spring; clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B , The clamping block b is set to have an arc surface at one end and a flat surface at one end, with a circular hole corresponding to the fastening screw in the center, and the central circular hole of clamping block A is threadedly connected with the head end of the fastening screw; clamping block A, clamping block a One end of the arc-shaped surface of the corresponding surface is provided with a groove suitable for the fixing rod and the adjusting shaft, and one end of the plane is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces; one end of the arc-shaped surface of the corresponding surfaces of the clamping block B and the clamping block b is provided with a bone screw and a fixed steel needle. To adapt to the groove, one end of the plane is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces, and a circular corresponding anti-rotation tooth surface is set around the center hole of the corresponding surface of the clamping block a and the clamping block B. Separation, the head end of the fastening screw is set to be hollow, and it is threadedly connected with the head nail, and the gasket is located between the clamping block b and the tail end of the fastening screw; Type II needle clamp block: It consists of clamp block D, clamp block d, fastening screws, ball head clamp block, tail nail and washer. The corresponding side of clamp block D and clamp block d is provided with corresponding arc grooves and The spherical groove is used to fix the fixed rod, the adjusting shaft and the ball head clamping block; the center of the clamping block D and the clamping block d is provided with a center hole corresponding to the fastening screw, the clamping block d is connected with the fastening screw thread, and the clamping block D A groove adapted to the washer is arranged around the center hole of the surface corresponding to the tail end of the fastening screw; the head end of the ball clamp block is spherical, and the tail end is a hollow cylindrical shape. Used to fix bone screws and pins; Type III needle clamp block: It consists of a central disc, a fixed needle disc, a fixed rod clamp block, and a fastening screw; the central disc is disc-shaped, with a round hole in the center, and the upper and lower peripheries are provided with anti-rotating tooth surfaces. The disc is in the shape of a concave disc, with a circular hole in the center, with a toothed surface around the periphery, and a radial groove through the disc to fix the bone screw or bone pin; the center of the fixing rod is provided with a circular hole, which is threadedly connected with the fastening screw , 1 arc groove and 2 pillars are set around it to fix the fixed rod and the adjustment shaft; The rod clamp block can be set to any one of the I type rod clamp block, the II type rod clamp block, and the III type rod clamp block, wherein I-type bar clamp block: It consists of clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B, clamp block B, gasket, fastening screw, head nail, and open spring; clamp block A, clamp block a, clamp block B. The clamping blocks b are all set to have an arc surface at one end and a flat surface at one end, with a circular hole corresponding to the fastening screw in the center, and the central circular hole of clamping block A is threadedly connected to the head end of the fastening screw; clamping block A, clamping block a. One end of the arc-shaped surface of the corresponding surfaces of the clamping block B and the clamping block b is provided with a groove suitable for the fixing rod and the adjusting shaft, and one end of the flat surface is provided with corresponding convex and concave surfaces; The circle corresponds to the anti-rotation tooth surface, the clamping block a and the clamping block B are separated by a spreading spring, the head end of the fastening screw is set to be hollow, and is threadedly connected with the head nail, and the gasket is located in the clamping block b and tightened. between the ends of the screws; Type II rod clamping block: It consists of a central disc, a fixing rod clamping block A, a fixing rod clamping block a, and a fastening screw; the central disc is disc-shaped, and the center is equipped with a round hole suitable for the fastening screw. There are anti-rotation tooth surfaces on the periphery, the center of the rod clamp block A and the rod clamp block a are equipped with round holes suitable for the fastening screws, the rod clamp block a is threadedly connected with the fastening screws, the rod clamp block A, the rod clamp block There is an arc groove and 2 pillars around the block a, which are used to fix the fixed rod and the adjustment shaft; Type III rod clamp block: It is composed of clamp block E, clamp block e, fastening screws and washers. One end of the arc surface of clamp block E and clamp block E is provided with a circular hole through the clamp block corresponding to the fixing rod and the adjustment shaft. One end is provided with a round hole corresponding to the fastening screw through the clamping block, the plane blocks are separated by a gap of about 2mm, and the directions of the two holes are perpendicular to each other. The other side of e is threadedly connected with the head end of the tightening screw, and a washer is provided between the clamping block E and the tail end of the tightening screw.