CN103896653B - A kind of preparation method of fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: a) subjecting crushed crop straws and poultry feathers to steam explosion treatment respectively to obtain straw blasting materials and feather blasting materials; b) combining the straw blasting materials and The feather blasting material and aerobic activated sludge are mixed to obtain a mixed material; c) composting and fermenting the mixed material; d) drying, pulverizing and drying the fermented mixed material to obtain an organic fertilizer. The method provided by the invention adopts steam explosion instead of chemical treatment, accelerates the degradation of straw and waste poultry feathers, promotes the fermentation of organic fertilizer, and solves the key technical problems of difficult degradation of straw and high carbon-nitrogen ratio content in the process of preparing organic fertilizer from straw , and the mixed use of straw and waste poultry and livestock feathers is conducive to adjusting the C/N ratio in organic fertilizers, controlling the coordination of microbial decomposition and synthesis processes, and making organic fertilizer products fully play their dual roles of fertilizer supply and soil improvement.

Description

A kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, more specifically, to a method for preparing organic fertilizer.

Background technique

Fertilizer is the most basic factor affecting crop yield and an important guarantee for high-quality agricultural production and food safety. Modern agriculture is characterized by high input, high output, and high efficiency. It is possible to use limited arable land or less manpower to produce abundant agricultural products to feed and feed a growing population. Among them, continuous and large-scale use of chemical fertilizers is the realization of modern agriculture. The basic means of high efficiency, high benefit and sustainable development, all countries in the world are no exception. However, for a long time, the extensive use of chemical fertilizers has reduced the stress resistance of crops, including resistance to diseases and insect pests, lodging resistance, cold resistance, and drought resistance, resulting in reduced production and lower product quality. At the same time, it deteriorates the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, destroys the normal ratio of nutrients in the soil, and leads to a decline in soil fertility. It has become a major problem faced by agricultural science and technology personnel to increase the grain production level again on the basis of the existing land area and fertility. At present, the application of fertilizers in my country has reached its limit. Only by increasing the application of organic fertilizers and improving the soil can it be expected to improve soil fertility and increase land output. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizers to realize the recycling and reuse of nutrients in agriculture is an effective way to protect soil, improve soil fertility, and achieve sustainable agricultural development.

my country's organic fertilizer resources and their quantity and types are widely distributed, mainly in agriculture, animal husbandry The more developed the by-product agriculture and animal husbandry are, the more abundant the organic fertilizer resources will be. With the development of modern agriculture and the adjustment of the internal industrialization structure of agriculture, organic fertilizers tend to be industrialized and commercialized. Most of the organic materials used are livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, peat, food and fermentation industry waste, etc. There are many kinds of raw materials required for the production of organic fertilizers. Local raw materials (crop straw, livestock manure, weathered coal, peat soil, etc.) should be selected according to local conditions to avoid long-distance transportation and increase production costs. At present, my country's organic fertilizers are mainly livestock and poultry manure and compost, followed by straw, and cake fertilizer and green manure occupy the least amount.

The waste and organic materials produced in agricultural production activities such as straw are the original source of organic fertilizer. Most of them are directly returned to the field and industrialized compost and then re-enter the farmland. This cycle of organic matter plays a very important role in fertilizing the soil and maintaining soil fertility. role.

A layer of wax is often formed on the surface of crop straws to prevent a large amount of water from evaporating. The crop straws are mainly composed of plant cell walls, and the structure of the cell walls is highly lignified. , Resistance to diseases and insect pests, in which lignin, which is insoluble in water and has a complex chemical structure, is combined with hemicellulose in the form of covalent bonds, embedding cellulose molecules in it, forming an anti-degradation barrier, protecting cellulose, hemicellulose It is protected from microbial attack and degradative enzyme attack, thereby limiting the degradation and utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in the composting process of straw raw materials, resulting in the more difficult to degrade the material in the composting process of straw as raw material is cellulose, the most It is lignin that is difficult to degrade. Various technologies to accelerate the decomposition of straw cellulose and lignin are of positive significance. Therefore, before fermentation, straw needs to be pretreated physically, chemically or biologically.

In addition to its dense natural structure, crop straw has low nitrogen content and high C/N ratio, which is one of the important reasons why it is difficult to directly use straw as an organic fertilizer. However, the content of organic matter in straw-based organic fertilizers is high, and this type of organic fertilizer has a significant effect on increasing soil organic matter content and fertilizing soil fertility. Therefore, the preparation of organic fertilizers by straw fermentation has broad prospects. Organic materials in organic fertilizers, such as straw, will be decomposed and resynthesized under the action of microorganisms to mineralize and humify once they are composted or applied to farmland. Crop straw contains more cellulose and lignin, and the mineralization and fertilizer supply in the early stage are slow and small. Sometimes nitrogen fertilizer is applied. After a period of time, the humification effect is stronger and more humus can be formed. Gradually show a better soil improvement effect. How to regulate the mineralization and humification process of straw-based organic fertilizers so that they can give full play to the dual fertilizer effects of fertilizer supply and soil improvement is an important issue in the use of straw-based organic fertilizer resources.

my country is the most developed animal husbandry country in the world, and the feather production of livestock such as pigs, cattle, sheep, and poultry such as chickens, ducks, and geese is more than one million tons every year. The bristles combed from pig hair were once used as the main raw material for the production of toothbrushes and hair brushes, but after the advent of plastic products, the amount of use has dropped significantly. The feathers of poultry are mainly used to extract down, and the extraction rate of down can reach more than 40%, and the remaining feather stalk protein content is more than 85%. These waste proteins have low usable value and are discarded in large quantities in the environment, which not only pollutes the water and air environment, but also causes the breeding of flies and viruses, posing a threat to human health. Discarded feathers cannot be directly used as organic fertilizers because their keratin protein is not easily degraded by microorganisms in the soil.

The invention patent with the Chinese patent application number CN200810224245.7 discloses a straw organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The method for preparing fertilizer by degrading straw is to ferment the straw with a straw-degrading bacterial agent to obtain fertilizer; the active ingredients of the straw-degrading bacterial agent include Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma chrysanthemum and Paenibacillus forage. The invention patent with the Chinese patent application number 200810224245.7 discloses a method of making bio-organic fertilizer with rice straw as the main raw material, using rice straw as the main raw material, using animal manure and pond mud as auxiliary materials, and using multi-stage expanded EM bacteria fermented. The above patents all use microorganisms to degrade straws, which cannot meet the needs of simple and quick industrial production of commercial organic fertilizers. The invention patent with the Chinese patent application number CN01123915.8 discloses a method for preparing ecological fertilizer by solid-state fermentation of steam-exploded plant straw as raw material. Phosphorous Bacillus megaterium bacteria liquid, Bacillus jellyella bacteria liquid, brown spherical nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid and Trichoderma seed liquid are subjected to mixed solid-state fermentation with periodic pressurization and depressurization, and the solid-state fermented materials are evenly compounded Put it into clay and dry it to get ecological fertilizer. In this method, after the ammoniated steam-exploded straw needs to be connected with a microbial liquid for pressure pulsation solid-state fermentation. The preparation process of this method is complex and requires high equipment.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer with high production efficiency, rich nutrients, good fertilizer efficiency, environmental protection and pollution-free.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A preparation method of organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

a) steam blasting the crushed crop straws and poultry feathers respectively to obtain straw blasting materials and feather blasting materials;

b) mixing the straw blasting material with the feather blasting material and aerobic activated sludge to obtain a mixture;

c) composting and fermenting the mixture;

d) drying, pulverizing and drying the fermented mixed material to obtain the organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the crop straw is gramineous crop straw and/or leguminous crop straw.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the graminaceous crop straw to the leguminous crop straw is (3-10):1.

Preferably, the gramineous crop stalks are one or more of corn stalks, wheat straws, rice stalks and sorghum stalks; the leguminous crop stalks are soybean stalks, peanut stalks, peanut shells, broad bean stalks and pea One or more of the stalks.

Preferably, in step a), the steam explosion treatment of the pulverized crop stalks is specifically as follows:

Crush grass crop stalks and leguminous crop stalks to 3-10 cm;

The pulverized gramineous crop straw and leguminous crop straw are subjected to steam explosion treatment at a temperature of 150-190° C. and a pressure of 1.0-1.6 MPa for 8-20 minutes to obtain a straw blasting material.

Preferably, performing steam explosion treatment on poultry feathers in step a) specifically includes: performing steam explosion treatment on poultry feathers at a temperature of 120-180° C. and a pressure of 0.8-1.5 MPa for 10-30 minutes to obtain feather explosive materials.

Preferably, the poultry feathers are chicken feathers or duck feathers.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the straw blasting material and the feather blasting material is (10-20):1.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the sum of the weight of the straw blasting material and the feather blasting material to the aerobic activated sludge is (1~3):(1~2).

Preferably, the composting fermentation in step c) is specifically:

The mixture is stacked and fermented at 35-45°C for 14-30 days.

The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer, comprising: a) subjecting crushed crop straws and poultry feathers to steam explosion treatment to obtain straw blasting materials and feather blasting materials; b) combining the straw blasting materials with the The feather blasting material and the aerobic activated sludge are mixed to obtain a mixed material; c) composting and fermenting the mixed material; d) drying, pulverizing and drying the fermented mixed material to obtain an organic fertilizer. The invention aims at the problem that straw and discarded poultry feathers are difficult to be directly used as organic fertilizer raw materials, adopts steam explosion to process straw and poultry feathers, accelerates degradation of straw and feather keratin, thereby shortens composting time. And the mixed use of straw and waste poultry and livestock feathers is beneficial to adjust the C/N ratio in the organic fertilizer, control the coordination of microbial decomposition and synthesis process, and make the organic fertilizer product fully play its dual role of fertilizer supply and soil improvement.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the preparation flowchart of the organic fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic fertilizer, which has high production efficiency, rich nutrient substances, good fertilizer efficiency, environmental protection and no pollution.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for preparing an organic fertilizer. The steam explosion process is used to steam-explode crop stalks and poultry feathers, then mix them with aerobic activated sludge, and carry out composting and fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer. As shown in Figure 1, the specific steps include:

a) steam blasting the crushed crop straws and poultry feathers respectively to obtain straw blasting materials and feather blasting materials;

b) mixing the straw blasting material with the feather blasting material and aerobic activated sludge to obtain a mixture;

c) composting and fermenting the mixture;

d) drying, pulverizing and drying the fermented mixed material to obtain the organic fertilizer.

According to the present invention, the steam explosion method mainly uses high-temperature, high-pressure water vapor to treat fiber raw materials, and realizes the component separation and structural change of the raw materials through an instant pressure release process. The cellulose in plant cells is bound by lignin. Under the action of high temperature and high pressure steam, the crystallinity of cellulose increases, the degree of polymerization decreases, the hemicellulose partially degrades, the lignin softens, the transverse connection strength decreases, and even softens and becomes plastic. When the material full of pressure steam is suddenly released, the water vapor in the pores expands rapidly, producing a "blasting" effect, which can partially strip lignin and tear the raw material into fine fibers. In the steam explosion process, the plant fiber raw material with cell structure is steam-cooked under high pressure and high temperature medium, and hemicellulose and lignin produce some acidic substances, which degrade hemicellulose into soluble sugar; at the same time, the composite intercellular layer Lignin softens and partially degrades, thereby weakening the bond between fibers. Then, the pressure is reduced instantly and rapidly, and the medium and material jointly complete the physical energy release process. The vapor phase medium in the material is sprayed out and expands rapidly in an instant. At the same time, the high-pressure liquid water in the material quickly bumps to form a flash evaporation, which acts externally and dissociates the material from the intercellular layer into individual fiber cells.

The steam explosion process can be divided into two stages : one is the vapor phase cooking stage. The plant fiber raw material with cell structure is steam-cooked under high temperature and high pressure medium, and the high-pressure steam penetrates into the gaps in the material, and hemicellulose and lignin produce some acidic substances, which degrade hemicellulose into soluble sugar; at the same time, the composite cell The lignin in the interlayer is softened and partially degraded, which reduces the bond strength of the fibers, resulting in acidic degradation, thermal degradation and physical fracture of the cellulose chain. The second is the blasting stage. Under the joint action of two media, saturated steam in the vapor phase and high-temperature liquid water, through sudden pressure release, the media and the material jointly complete the release of physical energy. This process is an instantaneous adiabatic process and works externally. Under the impact of the expanding gas, the softened material produces shear force deformation movement and separates. In this process, the steam and water molecules that have penetrated into the microfibril crystal bundles inside the cellulose are released at high speed and instantaneously in the form of airflow, which will cause friction and collision between the microfibrils and unit cells of the cellulose, and make the crystal region The surface of the accessible crystalline region increases, and the hydrogen bonds between the amorphous and crystalline regions are broken and rearranged.

At present, steam explosion is mostly used for the treatment of straw. For some farms, the discarded poultry feathers contain rich nutrients, but the feathers cannot be used directly as fertilizers and must be fermented. However, the present invention uses the steam explosion method to process the mixture of crop stalks and feathers of poultry and livestock, and the processing energy consumption is low. gap between. It does not require acid and alkali, reduces pollution, and the product has less salt, which will not affect palatability. There is no need to crush the feathers in advance, which reduces the mechanical energy consumption. high productivity.

According to the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, prepare organic fertilizer. Firstly, the crop stalks are crushed. Preferably, the crop straw is gramineous crop straw and/or leguminous crop straw. More preferably, the grass crop straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and sorghum straw; the leguminous crop straw is soybean straw, peanut stalk, peanut shell, broad bean stalk and One or more of pea stalks. Preferably, the weight ratio of the graminaceous crop straw to the leguminous crop straw is (3-10):1.

Then the crop straws and poultry feathers are subjected to steam explosion treatment respectively to obtain straw explosion materials and feather explosion materials, wherein the steam explosion treatment of agricultural crop straws is specifically: pulverizing gramineous crop straws and leguminous crop straws to 3~ 10 cm; the pulverized gramineous crop straw and leguminous crop straw are subjected to steam explosion treatment at a temperature of 150-190° C. and a pressure of 1.0-1.6 MPa for 8-20 minutes to obtain a straw blasting material.

The steam explosion treatment of poultry feathers specifically includes: performing steam explosion treatment on poultry feathers at a temperature of 120-180° C. and a pressure of 0.8-1.5 MPa for 10-30 minutes to obtain feather blasting materials. According to the present invention, the poultry feathers are preferably chicken feathers or duck feathers.

Then the straw blasting material is mixed with the feather blasting material and aerobic activated sludge to obtain a mixed material. According to the present invention, the water content of the mixture is preferably 50wt%~70wt%. According to the present invention, the straw blasting material and the feather blasting material are preferably in a weight ratio of (10-20):1. The weight ratio of the sum of the weight of the straw blasting material and the feather blasting material to the aerobic activated sludge is preferably (1~3):(1~2). Then the mixture is stacked and fermented at 35-45° C. for 14-30 days.

According to the present invention, the aerobic activated sludge is a general term for microbial groups and the organic and inorganic substances they attach to. Microbial groups mainly include bacteria, protozoa and algae. Among them, bacteria and protozoa are the main two categories. A variety of microbial strains in activated sludge can degrade cellulose and hemicellulose in straw and accelerate straw maturity.

The fermented mixture is preferably placed in a ventilated and dry place to dry for 2-5 days, and then crushed and dried to obtain an organic fertilizer.

In summary, the present invention discloses a new method for preparing organic fertilizer by steam explosion of straw. The method uses steam explosion (steam explosion) instead of chemical treatment to accelerate the degradation of straw and waste poultry feathers and promote the fermentation of organic fertilizer. Solve the key technical problems of refractory straw degradation and high carbon-nitrogen ratio content in the process of preparing organic fertilizer from straw, and the mixed use of straw and waste poultry and livestock feathers is conducive to adjusting the C/N ratio in organic fertilizer and controlling microbial decomposition and synthesis The coordination of the process enables the organic fertilizer product to fully exert its dual functions of fertilizer supply and soil improvement, and can meet the needs of large-scale production of commercial organic fertilizer prepared from straw.

The following are specific examples of the present invention, which describe the solutions of the present invention in detail.

Example 1:

Crush corn stalks and soybean stalks respectively, with a length of 3 cm; mix 3 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of soybean stalks, add 4 parts of tap water to soak for 30 minutes, and send them to steam explosion tanks for steam explosion treatment at 150 °C. The pressure was maintained at 1.1 MPa for 20 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. The chicken feathers are sent into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment, the treatment condition is 120°C, and the pressure is 0.8MPa and maintained for 30 minutes, and steam-exploded chicken feathers are obtained after treatment.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded chicken feathers at a ratio of 10:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 3:1, adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, and compost and ferment at 50°C 30 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 41.3% organic matter (dry basis), 5.8% total nutrients (dry basis), 23% moisture, pH6.0, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012, the number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 76/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >97%.

Example 2:

Wheat straw and peanut straw were crushed respectively, with a length of 5 cm; 5 parts of wheat straw and 1 part of peanut straw were mixed, then soaked in 6 parts of tap water for 30 minutes, and sent to a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment condition was 170 ° C. The pressure was maintained at 1.3MPa for 10 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. Send the chicken feathers into the steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment, the treatment condition is 150°C, and the pressure is 1.2MPa and maintained for 20min, and steam-exploded chicken feathers are obtained after the treatment.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded chicken feathers at a ratio of 15:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:1, adjust the water content of the mixture to 50%, and compost and ferment at 50°C 14 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 46% organic matter (dry basis), 5.4% total nutrients (dry basis), 22% moisture, pH6.0, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012, the number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 36/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >96%.

Example 3:

The rice straw and peanut shells were crushed separately, and the length was 5 cm; 10 parts of rice straw and 1 part of peanut shell were mixed, then soaked in 10 parts of tap water for 30 minutes, and sent to a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment condition was 170 °C, The pressure was maintained at 1.3MPa for 10 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. Send the chicken feathers into the steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment, the treatment condition is 150°C, and the pressure is 1.2MPa and maintained for 20min, and steam-exploded chicken feathers are obtained after the treatment.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded chicken feathers at a ratio of 30:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:2, adjust the water content of the mixture to 70%, and compost and ferment at 50°C 14 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 45.4% organic matter (dry basis), 5.2% total nutrients (dry basis), 21% moisture, pH6.5, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012. The number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 80/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >96%.

Example 4:

Sorghum stalks and broad bean stalks were crushed separately, and the length was 5 cm; 3 parts of sorghum stalks and 1 part of broad bean stalks were mixed, then soaked in 3 parts of tap water for 30 minutes, and sent to a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment condition was 190 ° C. The pressure was maintained at 1.6 MPa for 8 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. Send the chicken feathers into the steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment, the treatment condition is 180°C, and the pressure is 1.2MPa and maintained for 10min, and the steam-exploded chicken feathers are obtained after the treatment.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded chicken feathers at a ratio of 20:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:1, adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, and compost and ferment at 50°C 20 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 44.7% organic matter (dry basis), 5.2% total nutrients (dry basis), 24% moisture, pH6.5, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012, the number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 72/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >96%.

Example 5:

Sorghum stalks and pea stalks were crushed separately, and the length was 5 cm; 3 parts of sorghum stalks and 1 part of pea stalks were mixed, then soaked in 3 parts of tap water for 30 minutes, and sent to a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment condition was 190 ° C. The pressure was maintained at 1.6 MPa for 8 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. Send the duck feathers into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment, the treatment condition is 150° C., and the pressure is 0.8 MPa for 30 minutes, and steam-exploded duck feathers are obtained after treatment.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded duck feathers at a ratio of 20:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:1, adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, and compost at 50°C Fermented for 20 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 45.6% organic matter (dry basis), 5.1% total nutrients (dry basis), 21% moisture, pH6.7, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012, the number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 83/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >97%.

Embodiment 6:

The corn stalks and soybean stalks were crushed respectively, with a length of 5 cm; 5 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of soybean stalks were mixed, soaked in 5 parts of tap water for 30 minutes, and sent to a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment condition was 190 ° C. The pressure was maintained at 1.6 MPa for 8 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. Send the duck feathers into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment conditions are 180° C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 10 minutes. After the treatment, steam-exploded duck feathers are obtained.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded duck feathers at a ratio of 20:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:1, adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, and compost at 50°C Fermented for 20 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 43.6% organic matter (dry basis), 5.8% total nutrients (dry basis), 21% moisture, pH6.0, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012, the number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 78/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >96%.

Embodiment 7:

The corn stalks and peanut shells were crushed separately, and the length was 5 cm. After mixing 5 parts of corn stalks and 1 part of peanut stalks, they were soaked in 5 parts of tap water for 30 minutes, and sent to steam explosion tanks for steam explosion treatment. The treatment conditions were 170 ° C. The pressure was maintained at 1.3 MPa for 8 minutes, and the steam-exploded straw was obtained. Send the duck feathers into a steam explosion tank for steam explosion treatment. The treatment conditions are 180° C. and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 10 minutes. After the treatment, steam-exploded duck feathers are obtained.

Mix steam-exploded straw and steam-exploded duck feathers at a ratio of 20:1, add aerobic activated sludge to the mixture at a mass ratio of 1:1, adjust the water content of the mixture to 60%, and compost at 50°C Fermented for 20 days. The fermented material is placed in a dry place to dry for 2 days, and then sent to a pulverizer and a dryer for treatment to obtain an organic fertilizer.

According to the test method in the agricultural industry standard NY525-2012, the organic fertilizer contains 43.9% organic matter (dry basis), 5.1% total nutrients (dry basis), 21% moisture, pH6.5, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg content The indicators meet the requirements of 4.3 in NY525-2012, the number of fecal coliform bacteria detected is 22/g, and the mortality rate of roundworm eggs is >95%.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. a preparation method for fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

A) agricultural crop straw of pulverizing is carried out Steam explosion treatment, obtain stalk bursting charge; By poultry feather at temperature 120-180 DEG C, under pressure 0.8-1.5MPa, carry out Steam explosion treatment 10-30min, obtain feather bursting charge; Described stalk bursting charge and described feather bursting charge are (10 ~ 20) by weight: 1;

B) by described stalk bursting charge and described feather bursting charge and aerobic activated sludge mixing, compound is obtained; The weight sum of described stalk bursting charge and feather bursting charge and the weight ratio of aerobic activated sludge are (1 ~ 3): (1 ~ 2);

C) by described compound compost fermentation;

D) fertilizer is obtained after compound after fermentation being carried out drying, pulverizing, oven dry.

2. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described agricultural crop straw is Gramineae

Crop material and/or leguminous crop stalk.

3. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described gramineous crop stalk and beans

The weight ratio of section's crop material is (3 ~ 10): 1.

4. the preparation method of the fertilizer according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that, described gramineous crop stalk is maize straw, straw, one or more in rice straw and sorghum stalk; Described leguminous crop stalk is soybean stalk, peanut stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, one or more in broad bean stalk and pea stalk.

5. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step a), the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing is carried out Steam explosion treatment and is specially: by gramineous crop stalk and leguminous crop crushed stalk to 3 ~ 10cm; Be 150-190 DEG C by the gramineous crop stalk after pulverizing and leguminous crop stalk in temperature, carry out Steam explosion treatment 8 ~ 20min under pressure 1.0-1.6MPa, obtain stalk bursting charge.

6. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described poultry feather is chicken feather or drake feather.

7. the preparation method of fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the compost fermentation in step c) is specially: described compound is stacked fermentation 14 ~ 30 days at 35 ~ 45 DEG C.