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CN103968775A - Pipeline strain real-time detector suitable for high-temperature environment - Google Patents

Pipeline strain real-time detector suitable for high-temperature environment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103968775A
CN103968775A CN201410181937.3A CN201410181937A CN103968775A CN 103968775 A CN103968775 A CN 103968775A CN 201410181937 A CN201410181937 A CN 201410181937A CN 103968775 A CN103968775 A CN 103968775A
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strain
temperature
sensor
bragg grating
grating
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张铭
田维坚
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Academy of Opto Electronics of CAS
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Academy of Opto Electronics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides a fiber bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector. The fiber bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector comprises a sensitive membrane plate and high-temperature fiber bragg grating sensors, wherein the high-temperature fiber bragg grating sensors comprise the high-temperature fiber bragg grating axial strain sensor, the high-temperature fiber bragg grating transverse strain sensor and the high-temperature fiber bragg grating temperature sensor. The minimum straight-line distance between the high-temperature fiber bragg grating transverse strain sensor and a line formed by the high-temperature fiber bragg grating axial strain sensor and the high-temperature fiber bragg grating temperature sensor is not less than 10 cm. The strain real-time detector can detect two-dimensional strain situations of a pipeline under a high-temperature environment, and temperature compensation is achieved in a sensing system. The fiber bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector has the advantages of being resistant to electromagnetic interference, high in precision, rapid in dynamic response, small in size, low in weight and the like, and further has reliability, stability and simplicity. Meanwhile, a plurality of strain real-time detectors are arranged and used so that multipoint distributed networking detection can be conducted on the high-temperature pipeline.

Description

A kind of pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment
Technical field
The invention belongs to Fibre Optical Sensor part of appliance technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of energy extraction scale, high-temperature pipe has been widely used in the industry that petrochemical complex, Aero-Space, the iron and steel energy, environmental protection, pharmacy etc. and economic life line of the country are closely connected.And all can have every year high-temperature pipe blast and leakage accident to occur, prevent that booster from becoming focus.The demonstration of lot of accident statistics, causes high-temperature pipe to leak and the main cause of blast is wall erosion attenuate and high-temerature creep.And the outer wall inefficacy strain of high-temperature pipe is a non-linear process, pipeline approaches inefficacy explosion, and the dependent variable of its outer wall is larger.If therefore can obtain dynamic, real-time, the online strain detecting data of high-temperature pipe, just can the creep of anticipation pipeline and the possibility of explosion, thus guarantee pressure pipeline safe operation, avoid the generation of booster casualty accident.Therefore the real-time detecting system of setting up the strain of a set of high-temperature pipe outer wall is significant.
China conventionally adopts in the time shutting down annual test the level of creep of pipeline is carried out to artificial miking the failure detection of extended active duty high-temperature pipe; Or extract one section of pressure pipeline from high-temperature pipe and carry out high-temerature creep testing experiment, thereby the safe operation situation of pipeline is tested.But these two kinds of method existent defects: first, above-mentioned two kinds of methods all need shutdown just can detect; Secondly, two kinds of methods all need manually for a long time the performance of pipeline to be measured and record data, and so not only workload is large, cost is high, precision is not high, the test period is long; Most importantly, two kinds of methods all can not be tested operating pipeline.
High-temperature pipe is carried out to method main electric sensor detection method, infrared thermal imaging testing method and the ultrasonic detection method of adopting at present detecting in real time.
Utilize high-temperature electric capacity sensor can carry out the strain detecting of pressure pipeline, but general at high temperature long-term work of capacitive transducer, and the high temperature capacitor sensor or the high temperature strain foil that use are all expensive, anti-electromagnetic interference performance is poor, but be generally inflammable and explosive dangerous material at chemical enterprise and oil play high-temperature pipe inside, any faint electromagnetic signal, electric spark all can cause and fire, thereby cannot use; Adopt infrared thermal imaging method to detect high temperature pressure pipeline inherent vice, set up a large-scale pipeline test unit, stainless steel to different wall and carbon steel piping wall thickness reduction defect have carried out heating or the infrared thermal imaging of temperature-fall period detects test, and the method defect is that image quality is subject to the impact of the factors such as sunshine and background reflectance, pipe surface state; Adopt the strain of ultrasound examination high temperature pressure pipeline, the high temperature of main research material detects, and as the ultrasound examination of hot steel plate, high-temperature forging, the work of doing is mainly the wall thickness test under the condition of high temperature.And at different temperature, in material, hyperacoustic velocity of sound, acoustic pressure change, along with the rising of temperature, hyperacoustic Speed Reduction, it is large that sound wave amplitude fading significantly becomes, very large on ultrasonic listening impact.
In sum, real-time detection method used all can not meet the real-time detection of high-temperature pipe at present, and high-temperature pipe strain detects is in real time badly in need of the more suitable technique device of exploitation.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment, a kind of easy for installation, simple in structure, highly sensitive, can carry out accurate and effective to high-temperature pipe outer wall two dimension strain regime detects simultaneously in real time, and carry out the high-temperature pipe strain real-time detector of the fiber Bragg grating type of temperature compensation in sensor-based system inside, and apply detection system and the using method of this detecting device.
First the present invention provides a kind of fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment, include responsive lamina membranacea and be fixed on the high temperature optical fiber grating sensor on responsive lamina membranacea, that wherein said high temperature optical fiber grating sensor includes is that installation direction is perpendicular to one another, two ends are fixedly mounted on responsive lamina membranacea lip-deep high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer and high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor; And also include non-two ends fixed form and be arranged on the lip-deep high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor of responsive lamina membranacea; Wherein high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor is not less than 10cm apart from high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial sensor and the straight minimum air line distance of high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor.
On the center of the parallel long axis direction axis that is fixed on the responsive lamina membranacea of axial strain, two ends of above-mentioned high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer, on the parallel long axis direction axis that is fixed on the responsive lamina membranacea of transverse strain, two ends of high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor, high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor is arranged on non-two ends fixed form on the center of long axis direction axis of responsive to temperature lamina membranacea;
Above-mentioned high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor are connected by fiber optic serial with high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor.
Described high temperature optical fiber grating sensor is high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating sensor or high temperature long-period fiber grating sensor.
A kind of preferred size of described responsive lamina membranacea is as follows: lateral length is 40cm, and longitudinal length is 30cm, and wherein, the lateral length of the responsive lamina membranacea of axial strain is 15cm, and longitudinal length is 10cm; The lateral length of responsive to temperature lamina membranacea is 15cm, and longitudinal length is 10cm; The lateral length of the responsive lamina membranacea of transverse strain is 10cm, and longitudinal length is 30cm.
The present invention also provides a kind of system of the detection pipeline strain that is applicable to hot environment, includes wideband light source, optical fiber circulator, photoswitch, fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector, computing machine and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
If the high temperature optical fiber grating sensor adopting is high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating sensor, the light that wideband light source sends enters light switch input terminal after optical fiber circulator, and photoswitch output terminal connects Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector; Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected with output port and the computing machine of fiber optical circulator, and photoswitch connects computing machine, computer control fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and photoswitch make-and-break time;
Above-mentioned Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector number be one or more than;
The using method of said system, includes following step:
Step 1: the responsive lamina membranacea of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector is fixed on high-temperature pipe outer wall to be measured by the first pad, the second pad, the 3rd pad, and the first pad is parallel with the axis of high-temperature pipe with the 3rd pad be in line;
Step 2: the light that wideband light source sends enters fiber optical circulator by a port, after go out to inject the input end of photoswitch from b port, after photoswitch, incide high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor, high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor and high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor wherein one end after connected in series; Light that wideband light source sends can reflect through Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, and the reflection wave of generation enters fiber optical circulator by b port, after from the output of c port, enter fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
Step 3: make high-temperature pipe generation miniature deformation, put on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector by strain Δε to be measured, wherein, Δ ε comprises the strain Δε on putting on axially lwith the strain Δε putting on transversely b;
Step 4: utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to measure the reflection wave centre wavelength drift value of three high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating sensors, and obtain the difference DELTA λ of the centre wavelength drift value of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor and high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 1, high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor and high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor the difference DELTA λ of centre wavelength drift value 2;
Step 5:
If Δ λ 1=0, Δ λ 2=0, strain Δε=0 to be measured, high-temperature pipe is without strain;
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2=0, Δ ε b=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without transverse strain, only has axial strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1=0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, Δ ε l=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured b≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without axial strain, only has transverse strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l+ Δ ε b≠ 0, the existing transverse strain of high-temperature pipe, has again axial strain, and transverse strain value Δ ε B=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e), axial strain value Δ ε l=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
Wherein, λ 1for the centre wavelength of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor, λ 2for the centre wavelength of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor, P efor the valid round backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio of optical fiber.
If the high temperature optical fiber grating sensor adopting is high temperature long-period fiber grating sensor, the light that wideband light source sends enters photoswitch input end, and photoswitch output terminal connects long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector; The output terminal of long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator; Computing machine connects photoswitch and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, controls fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and photoswitch make-and-break time by it;
Above-mentioned long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector number be one or more than;
The using method of said system, includes following step:
Step 1: the responsive lamina membranacea of long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector is fixed on high-temperature pipe outer wall to be measured by the first pad, the second pad, the 3rd pad, and the first pad is parallel with the axis of high-temperature pipe with the 3rd pad be in line.
Step 2: the light that wideband light source is sent incides high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor, high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor and high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor wherein one end after connected in series by photoswitch;
Step 3: make high-temperature pipe generation miniature deformation, put on long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector by strain Δε to be measured, wherein, Δ ε comprises the strain Δε on putting on axially lwith the strain Δε putting on transversely b;
Step 4: the other end after fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connection high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor, high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor and high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor are connected in series, the light that wideband light source sends has transmitted light outgoing after three fiber-optic grating sensors, measure the transmission peak wavelength drift value of three high temperature long period fiber grating strain real-time detectors, and obtain the difference DELTA λ of the centre wavelength drift value of high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor and high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 1, high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor and high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor the difference DELTA λ of centre wavelength drift value 2;
Step 5:
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2=0, Δ ε b=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without transverse strain, only has axial strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1=0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, Δ ε l=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured b≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without axial strain, only has transverse strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l+ Δ ε b≠ 0, the existing transverse strain of high-temperature pipe, has again axial strain, and transverse strain value Δ ε b=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e), axial strain value Δ ε l=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
Wherein, λ 1for the centre wavelength of high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor, λ 2for the centre wavelength of high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor, P efor the valid round backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio of optical fiber.
Fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector, detection system and the using method that is applicable to hot environment of the present invention, can detect in real time the two-dimentional strained situation of pipeline under hot environment, and solve the problem of temperature compensation in sensor-based system inside; The features such as this fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector has anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), precision is high, dynamic response is fast, volume is little, lightweight, cost is relatively cheap, have more reliability, stability and simplification; Meanwhile, the use of arranging of multiple these strain real-time detectors, can carry out the detection of multiple spot distributed networking to high-temperature pipe.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1: the structural representation of a kind of fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment of the present invention;
Fig. 2: the present invention adopts Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector to detect the detection system figure of pipeline strain;
Fig. 3: the present invention adopts long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector to detect the detection system figure of pipeline strain;
Fig. 4: the specific embodiment of the invention 4 adopts n Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector to detect the structural representation of pipeline strain;
Wherein: 1, responsive lamina membranacea; 1-1, the responsive lamina membranacea of axial strain; 1-2, responsive to temperature lamina membranacea; 1-3, the responsive lamina membranacea of transverse strain; 2, high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer; 3, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor; 4, high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor; 5, the first pad; 6, the second pad; 7, the 3rd pad.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, a kind of system that is applicable to the fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector of hot environment and applies this detecting device of the present invention is further described:
Embodiment 1:
Fig. 1 be in the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, use a kind of fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment, comprising the responsive lamina membranacea 1-1 of responsive lamina membranacea 1, axial strain, responsive to temperature lamina membranacea 1-2, the responsive lamina membranacea 1-3 of transverse strain, high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3, high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4, the first pad 5, the second pad 6, the 3rd pad 7.Responsive lamina membranacea 1 is fixed on high-temperature pipe to be measured by the first pad 5, the second pad 6, the 3rd pad 7, and the first pad 5 is parallel with the axis of high-temperature pipe with the 3rd pad 7 be in lines.Wherein on the center of the parallel long axis direction axis that is fixed on the responsive lamina membranacea 1-1 of axial strain, the two ends of high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2, on the parallel long axis direction axis that is fixed on the responsive lamina membranacea 1-3 of transverse strain, two ends of high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3, high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4 is arranged on non-two ends fixed form on the center of long axis direction axis of responsive to temperature lamina membranacea 1-2; Wherein high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 is not less than 10cm apart from high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial sensor 2 and 4 straight minimum air line distances of high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor; And high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 are connected by fiber optic serial with high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4.
Wherein between high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 and high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4 and responsive lamina membranacea 1, adopting fusing point is that high temperature resistant glue is bonding.
The lateral length of responsive lamina membranacea 1 is 40cm, and longitudinal length is 30cm, and wherein, the lateral length of the responsive lamina membranacea 1-1 of axial strain is 15cm, and longitudinal length is 10cm; The lateral length of responsive to temperature lamina membranacea 1-2 is 15cm, and longitudinal length is 10cm; The lateral length of the responsive lamina membranacea 1-3 of transverse strain is 10cm, and longitudinal length is 30cm.
The fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment is connected in the system that detects high-temperature pipe strain, wherein responsive lamina membranacea 1 is fixed on high-temperature pipe to be measured by the first pad 5, the second pad 6, the 3rd pad 7, and the first pad 5 is parallel with the axis of high-temperature pipe with the 3rd pad 7 be in lines.While applying axial force to above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector, from the structure of responsive lamina membranacea 1, there is deformation in the responsive lamina membranacea 1-1 of axial strain, and the responsive lamina membranacea 1-2 lateral rigidity of the transverse strain vertical with applying force direction is large, there is not deformation, only investigate the variation of upper high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2 centre wavelengths of pasting of the responsive lamina membranacea 1-1 of axial strain; High temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor is not less than 10cm apart from high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial sensor and the straight minimum air line distance of high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor, object is in order to ensure the not crossing part of the responsive lamina membranacea of high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor and axial strain, not to be subject to the impact of axial strain.While applying transverse force to above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector, from the structure of responsive lamina membranacea, there is deformation in the responsive lamina membranacea 1-2 of transverse strain, and the responsive lamina membranacea 1-1 lateral rigidity of the axial strain vertical with applying force direction is large, there is not deformation, only investigate the variation of upper high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 centre wavelengths of pasting of the responsive lamina membranacea 1-2 of transverse strain.The two ends of described third high temperature fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 4 are freely fixed on high-temperature pipe, it experiences the temperature variation of pipeline, to pipeline strain without response, because responsive lamina membranacea 1 is metal construction and little, can regard equitemperature body as, the temperature that high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4 is experienced is that the temperature of experiencing with high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2 and high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 is identical, can be used as temperature compensation sensor.
The reflection pipeline axial strain of the output signal of high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2 and temperature variation like this, output signal reflection pipeline transverse strain and the temperature variation of high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3, the temperature variation of the output signal reflection pipeline of high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4.
High temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 and high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4 that the present embodiment uses are material, structure and measure-alike high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating sensor, three is prepared from by Polyimide high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating, length is 8cm, grating diameter is 125um, bandwidth is 2nm left and right, trough spectral width is 30nm, but three's eigencenter wavelength difference is respectively λ 2=1531nm, λ 3=1565nm, λ 4=1593nm.Fiber Bragg grating sensor is reflective Wavelength-encoding senser element, temperature and strain are had to corresponding characteristic wavelength drift, utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to survey the reflecting light trip temperature offset data processing of going forward side by side and wavelength shift can be converted into corresponding high-temperature pipe strain value.
And the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment detects the system of high-temperature pipe strain, as shown in Figure 2, include wideband light source (BBS, the desk-top light source of 1550SLD), optical fiber circulator, photoswitch, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector, computing machine and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (SM-130, sample frequency 1000Hz); The light that wherein wideband light source sends enters light switch input terminal after optical fiber circulator, and photoswitch output terminal connects Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector; Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected with output port and the computing machine of fiber optical circulator, and photoswitch connects computing machine, computer control fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and photoswitch make-and-break time;
The light that wideband light source sends enters fiber optical circulator by a port, after go out to inject the input end of photoswitch from b port, after photoswitch, incide high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor 2, high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor 3 and high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4 wherein one end after connected in series; Light that wideband light source sends can reflect through Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, and the reflection wave of generation is entered by the b port of fiber optical circulator, after from the output of c port, enter fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator;
Make high-temperature pipe generation miniature deformation, put on Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector by strain Δε to be measured, wherein, Δ ε comprises the strain Δε on putting on axially lwith the strain Δε putting on transversely b;
Utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to measure the reflection wave centre wavelength drift value of three high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating sensors, and obtain the difference DELTA λ of the centre wavelength drift value of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor 2 and high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4 1, high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor 3 and the centre wavelength drift value of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4 difference DELTA λ 2;
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2=0, Δ ε b=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without transverse strain, only has axial strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1=0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, Δ ε l=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured b≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without axial strain, only has transverse strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l+ Δ ε b≠ 0, the existing transverse strain of high-temperature pipe, has again axial strain, and transverse strain value Δ ε b=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e), axial strain value Δ ε l=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
Wherein, λ 1for the centre wavelength of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor 2, λ 2for the centre wavelength of high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor 3, P efor the valid round backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio of optical fiber.
Embodiment 2
Be with the difference of embodiment 1, high temperature optical fiber optical grating axial strain transducer 2, high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 and high-temperature fibre-optical grating temperature sensor 4 are material, structure and measure-alike high temperature long-period fiber grating sensor, but three's eigencenter wavelength difference.
Three is prepared from by Polyimide high-temperature resistant optical fiber grating, and length is 8cm, and grating diameter is 125um, and bandwidth is 4nm left and right, and trough spectral width is 35nm, maximum attenuation 18dB, but three's eigencenter wavelength difference is respectively λ 2=1533nm, λ 3=1560nm, λ 4=1590nm.Long-period fiber grating sensor is transmission-type Wavelength-encoding senser element, temperature and strain are had to corresponding characteristic wavelength drift, utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator to survey the transmitted light wave trip temperature offset data processing of going forward side by side and wavelength shift can be converted into corresponding high-temperature pipe strain value.
As shown in Figure 3, and the long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector that is applicable to hot environment detects the system of high-temperature pipe strain, include wideband light source (BBS, the desk-top light source of 1550SLD), photoswitch, long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector, computing machine and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (SM-130, sample frequency 1000Hz); The light that wherein wideband light source sends enters photoswitch input end, and photoswitch output terminal connects long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector; The output terminal of long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator; Computing machine connects photoswitch and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, controls fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and photoswitch make-and-break time by it;
Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the light that wideband light source is sent incides high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor 2, high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 and high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 4 wherein one end after connected in series by photoswitch;
Step 2: make high-temperature pipe generation miniature deformation, put on long period fiber grating formula pipeline strain real-time detector by strain Δε to be measured, wherein, Δ ε comprises the strain Δε on putting on axially lwith the strain Δε putting on transversely b;
Step 3: fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connects high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor 2, the other end after high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 and high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 4 are connected in series, the light that wideband light source sends has transmitted light outgoing after three fiber-optic grating sensors, measure the transmission peak wavelength drift value of three high temperature long period fiber grating strain real-time detectors, and obtain the difference DELTA λ of high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor 2 and the centre wavelength drift value of high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 4 1, high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3 and the centre wavelength drift value of high temperature long period fiber-optical grating temperature sensor 4 difference DELTA λ 2,
Step 4:
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2=0, Δ ε b=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without transverse strain, only has axial strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1=0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, Δ ε l=0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured b≠ 0, high-temperature pipe, without axial strain, only has transverse strain, and strain value Δ ε=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e);
If Δ λ 1≠ 0, Δ λ 2≠ 0, strain Δε=Δ ε to be measured l+ Δ ε b≠ 0, the existing transverse strain of high-temperature pipe, has again axial strain, and transverse strain value Δ ε b=Δ λ 2/ λ 2(1-P e), axial strain value Δ ε l=Δ λ 1/ λ 1(1-P e);
Wherein, λ 1for the centre wavelength of high temperature long period fiber grating axial strain sensor 2, λ 2for the centre wavelength of high temperature long period fiber grating transverse strain sensor 3, P efor the valid round backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio of optical fiber.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figure 4, be with the difference of embodiment 1, on the basis of embodiment 1, be arranged on high-temperature pipe parallel individual n (n >=2) responsive lamina membranacea, its object is high-temperature pipe to carry out the detection of multiple spot distributed networking.
When the outgoing light wave of wideband light source enters said n group Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector one end after connected in series after fiber optical circulator under the control at photoswitch.
Apply strain Δε to a said n Fiber Bragg Grating FBG formula pipeline strain real-time detector, the light that Fiber Bragg Grating FBG reflects enters fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator by fiber optical circulator, monitors the centre wavelength drift value of the high temperature optical fiber Bragg grating on every group of sensor by the computing machine being connected with (FBG) demodulator.
For each high-temperature pipe strain detection sensor, its strain measurement method is with embodiment 1, if certain high-temperature pipe strain detection sensor without centre wavelength drift value difference, illustrates that the high-temperature pipe of this high-temperature pipe strain detection sensor position is without strain; If certain high-temperature pipe strain detection sensor has centre wavelength drift value difference, illustrate that the high-temperature pipe of this high-temperature pipe strain detection sensor position has strain.

Claims (10)

1.一种适用于高温环境的光纤光栅式管道应变实时检测器，其特征在于，所述的应变实时检测器包括有敏感膜板(1)和固定在敏感膜板(1)上的高温光纤光栅传感器，其中所述的高温光纤光栅传感器包含有安装方向彼此垂直的、两端固定安装在敏感膜板(1)表面上的高温光纤光栅轴向应变传感器(2)和高温光纤光栅横向应变传感器(3)；且还包含有非两端固定方式安装在敏感膜板(1)表面上的高温光纤光栅温度传感器(4)；其中高温光纤光栅横向应变传感器(3)距高温光纤光栅轴向传感器(2)和高温光纤光栅温度传感器(4)所成直线的最小直线距离不小于10cm。 1. A fiber grating type pipeline strain real-time detector applicable to high-temperature environment, is characterized in that, described strain real-time detector comprises sensitive diaphragm (1) and the high-temperature optical fiber fixed on the sensitive diaphragm (1) A grating sensor, wherein the high temperature fiber grating sensor includes a high temperature fiber grating axial strain sensor (2) and a high temperature fiber grating transverse strain sensor whose installation directions are perpendicular to each other and whose two ends are fixedly installed on the surface of the sensitive diaphragm (1) (3); and also includes a high temperature fiber grating temperature sensor (4) installed on the surface of the sensitive diaphragm (1) in a non-fixed manner at both ends; wherein the high temperature fiber grating transverse strain sensor (3) is separated from the high temperature fiber grating axial sensor The minimum linear distance between (2) and the high temperature fiber grating temperature sensor (4) is not less than 10cm. 2.如权利要求1所述的应变实时检测器，其特征在于，所述的高温光纤光栅轴向应变传感器(2)的两端平行固定在轴向应变敏感膜板(1-1)的长轴方向中轴线的中心位置上，高温光纤光栅横向应变传感器(3)的两端平行固定在横向应变敏感膜板(1-3)的长轴方向中轴线上，高温光纤光栅温度传感器(4)以非两端固定方式安装在温度敏感膜板(1-2)的长轴方向中轴线的中心位置上。 2. strain real-time detector as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the two ends of described high temperature optical fiber grating axial strain sensor (2) are fixed on the length of axial strain sensitive diaphragm (1-1) in parallel At the central position of the central axis in the axial direction, the two ends of the high temperature optical fiber grating transverse strain sensor (3) are fixed parallel to the central axis in the long axis direction of the transverse strain sensitive diaphragm (1-3), and the high temperature optical fiber grating temperature sensor (4) It is installed on the central position of the central axis in the long axis direction of the temperature sensitive diaphragm (1-2) in a non-fixed manner at both ends. 3.如权利要求1或2所述的应变实时检测器，其特征在于，所述的高温光纤光栅轴向应变传感器(2)、高温光纤光栅横向应变传感器(3)和高温光纤光栅温度传感器(4)通过光纤串行连接。 3. strain real-time detector as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described high temperature fiber grating axial strain sensor (2), high temperature fiber grating lateral strain sensor (3) and high temperature fiber grating temperature sensor ( 4) Serial connection via fiber optic. 4.如权利要求1所述的应变实时检测器，其特征在于，所述的高温光纤光栅传感器为高温光纤布拉格光栅传感器或高温长周期光纤光栅传感器。 4. The strain real-time detector according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature fiber Bragg grating sensor is a high temperature fiber Bragg grating sensor or a high temperature long period fiber grating sensor. 5.如权利要求1所述的应变实时检测器，其特征在于，所述的敏感膜板(1)的横向长度为40cm，纵向长度为30cm，其中，轴向应变敏感膜板(1-1)的横向长度为15cm，纵向长度为10cm；温度敏感膜板(1-2)的横向长度为15cm，纵向长度为10cm；横向应变敏感膜板(1-3)的横向长度为10cm，纵向长度为30cm。 5. strain real-time detector as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the transverse length of described sensitive diaphragm (1) is 40cm, and longitudinal length is 30cm, and wherein, axial strain sensitive diaphragm (1-1 ) is 15cm in transverse length, and the longitudinal length is 10cm; the transverse length of the temperature-sensitive diaphragm (1-2) is 15cm, and the longitudinal length is 10cm; the transverse length of the transverse strain-sensitive diaphragm (1-3) is 10cm, and the longitudinal length It is 30cm. 6.一种适用于高温环境的检测管道应变的系统，其特征在于，所述的系统包括有宽带光源、光纤环形器、光开关、权利要求1所述的光纤光栅式管道应变实时检测器、计算机和光纤光栅解调仪；其中宽带光源发出的光经光纤环形器后进入光开关输入端，光开关输出端连接光纤布拉格光栅式管道应变实时检测器；光纤光栅解调仪与光纤环行器的输出端口以及计算机连接，光开关连接计算机，计算机控制光纤光栅解调仪和光开关通断时间；且高温光纤光栅传感器为高温光纤布拉格光栅传感器。 6. A system suitable for detecting pipeline strain in a high-temperature environment is characterized in that the system includes a broadband light source, an optical fiber circulator, an optical switch, the fiber grating type pipeline strain real-time detector according to claim 1, Computer and fiber grating demodulator; the light emitted by the broadband light source enters the input end of the optical switch after passing through the optical fiber circulator, and the output end of the optical switch is connected to the real-time detector of fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain; the connection between the fiber Bragg grating demodulator and the optical fiber circulator The output port is connected to the computer, the optical switch is connected to the computer, and the computer controls the optical fiber grating demodulator and the on-off time of the optical switch; and the high-temperature optical fiber grating sensor is a high-temperature optical fiber Bragg grating sensor. 7.如权利要求6所述的适用于高温环境的光纤光栅式高温管道应变实时检测器检测高温管道应变的系统，其特征在于所述的光纤布拉格光栅式高温管道 应变实时检测器的数目为一个或以上。 7. the fiber grating type high-temperature pipeline strain real-time detector applicable to the high-temperature environment detects the system of high-temperature pipeline strain as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that the number of described fiber bragg grating type high-temperature pipeline strain real-time detector is one or above. 8.权利要求6所述的适用于高温环境的检测管道应变的系统的使用方法，包括有如下的步骤： 8. The method for using the system for detecting pipeline strain applicable to high-temperature environments according to claim 6, comprising the following steps: 步骤1：将光纤布拉格光栅式管道应变实时检测器的敏感膜板通过第一焊接点、第二焊接点、第三焊接点固定于待测高温管道外壁上，且第一焊接点与第三焊接点所成直线与高温管道的轴线平行； Step 1: Fix the sensitive membrane plate of the fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector on the outer wall of the high-temperature pipeline to be tested through the first welding point, the second welding point, and the third welding point, and the first welding point and the third welding point The straight line formed by the points is parallel to the axis of the high temperature pipeline; 步骤2：宽带光源发出的光通过a端口进入光纤环行器，后从b端口出射进入光开关的输入端，经光开关后入射到高温光纤布拉格光栅轴向应变传感器、高温光纤布拉格光栅横向应变传感器和高温光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器串行连接后的其中一端；宽带光源发出的光经过光纤布拉格光栅会发生反射，产生的反射波由b端口进入光纤环行器，后从c端口输出，进入光纤光栅解调仪； Step 2: The light emitted by the broadband light source enters the optical fiber circulator through the a port, and then enters the input end of the optical switch from the b port, and then enters the high temperature fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor and the high temperature fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor One of the ends connected in series with the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor; the light emitted by the broadband light source will be reflected by the fiber Bragg grating, and the reflected wave will enter the fiber optic circulator from the b port, and then output from the c port, and enter the fiber grating solution Tuner; 步骤3：使高温管道发生微小形变，即将待测应变Δε施加于光纤布拉格光栅式管道应变实时检测器上，其中，Δε包括施加于轴向上的应变ΔεL和施加于横向上的应变ΔεB； Step 3: Micro-deform the high-temperature pipeline, that is, apply the measured strain Δε to the fiber Bragg grating type pipeline strain real-time detector, where Δε includes the strain Δε L applied in the axial direction and the strain Δε B applied in the transverse direction ; 步骤4：利用光纤光栅解调仪测量三个高温光纤布拉格光栅传感器的反射波中心波长漂移量，并得到高温光纤布拉格光栅轴向应变传感器与高温光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器的中心波长漂移量的差值Δλ1、高温光纤布拉格光栅横向应变传感器与高温光纤布拉格光栅温度传感器的中心波长漂移量的差值Δλ2； Step 4: Use the fiber Bragg grating demodulator to measure the center wavelength shift of the reflected wave of the three high-temperature fiber Bragg grating sensors, and obtain the difference between the center wavelength shift of the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor and the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor Δλ 1 , the difference Δλ 2 between the central wavelength shift of the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor and the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor; 步骤5： Step 5: 若Δλ1＝0，Δλ2＝0，则待测应变Δε＝0，即高温管道无应变； If Δλ 1 = 0, Δλ 2 = 0, then the measured strain Δε = 0, that is, there is no strain in the high-temperature pipeline; 若Δλ1≠0，Δλ2＝0，则ΔεB＝0，待测应变Δε＝ΔεL≠0，即高温管道无横向应变，仅有轴向应变，且应变值Δε＝Δλ1/λ1(1-Pe)； If Δλ 1 ≠0, Δλ 2 = 0, then Δε B = 0, the strain to be measured Δε = Δε L ≠ 0, that is, the high-temperature pipeline has no transverse strain, only axial strain, and the strain value Δε = Δλ 1 /λ 1 (1-P e ); 若Δλ1＝0，Δλ2≠0，则ΔεL＝0，待测应变Δε＝ΔεB≠0，即高温管道无轴向应变，仅有横向应变，且应变值Δε＝Δλ2/λ2(1-Pe)； If Δλ 1 = 0, Δλ 2 ≠ 0, then Δε L = 0, the strain to be measured Δε = Δε B ≠ 0, that is, the high-temperature pipe has no axial strain, only lateral strain, and the strain value Δε = Δλ 2 /λ 2 (1-P e ); 若Δλ1≠0，Δλ2≠0，则待测应变Δε＝ΔεL+ΔεB≠0，即高温管道既有横向应变，又有轴向应变，且横向应变值ΔεB＝Δλ2/λ2(1-Pe)，轴向应变值ΔεL＝Δλ1/λ1(1-Pe)； If Δλ 1 ≠0, Δλ 2 ≠0, then the strain to be measured Δε=Δε L +Δε B ≠0, that is, the high-temperature pipeline has both transverse strain and axial strain, and the transverse strain value Δε B = Δλ 2 /λ 2 (1-P e ), axial strain value Δε L = Δλ 1 /λ 1 (1-P e ); 其中，λ1为高温光纤布拉格光栅轴向应变传感器的中心波长，λ2为高温光纤布拉格光栅横向应变传感器的中心波长，Pe为光纤的有效弹光系数。 Among them, λ1 is the central wavelength of the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor, λ2 is the central wavelength of the high-temperature fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor, and Pe is the effective elasto-optic coefficient of the optical fiber. 9.一种适用于高温环境的检测管道应变的系统，包括有宽带光源、光纤环 形器、光开关、权利要求1所述的光纤光栅式高温管道应变实时检测器、计算机和光纤光栅解调仪；其中宽带光源发出的光进入光开关输入端，光开关输出端连接长周期光纤光栅式管道应变实时检测器；长周期光纤光栅式管道应变实时检测器的输出端与光纤光栅解调仪连接；计算机连接光开关以及光纤光栅解调仪，由其控制光纤光栅解调仪和光开关通断时间；且光纤光栅式高温管道应变实时检测器的数目为一个或以上。 9. A system suitable for detecting pipeline strain in a high-temperature environment, comprising a broadband light source, an optical fiber circulator, an optical switch, the fiber Bragg grating-type high-temperature pipeline strain real-time detector according to claim 1, a computer, and an optical fiber grating demodulator wherein the light emitted by the broadband light source enters the input end of the optical switch, and the output end of the optical switch is connected to the long-period fiber grating type pipeline strain real-time detector; the output end of the long-period fiber grating type pipeline strain real-time detector is connected to the fiber grating demodulator; The computer is connected to the optical switch and the optical fiber grating demodulator, which controls the on-off time of the optical fiber grating demodulator and the optical switch; and the number of the optical fiber grating type high-temperature pipeline strain real-time detector is one or more. 10.权利要求9所述的适用于高温环境的检测管道应变的系统的使用方法，包括有如下的步骤： 10. The method for using the system for detecting pipeline strain applicable to high-temperature environments according to claim 9, comprising the steps of: 步骤1：将长周期光纤光栅式管道应变实时检测器的敏感膜板通过第一焊接点、第二焊接点、第三焊接点固定于待测高温管道外壁上，且第一焊接点与第三焊接点所成直线与高温管道的轴线平行， Step 1: Fix the sensitive diaphragm of the long-period fiber grating-type pipeline strain real-time detector on the outer wall of the high-temperature pipeline to be tested through the first welding point, the second welding point, and the third welding point, and the first welding point and the third welding point The straight line formed by the welding point is parallel to the axis of the high temperature pipe, 步骤2：将宽带光源发出的光通过光开关入射到高温长周期光纤光栅轴向应变传感器、高温长周期光纤光栅横向应变传感器和高温长周期光纤光栅温度传感器串行连接后的其中一端； Step 2: The light emitted by the broadband light source is incident on one end of the high-temperature long-period fiber Bragg grating axial strain sensor, the high-temperature long-period fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor and the high-temperature long-period fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor connected in series through the optical switch; 步骤3：使高温管道发生微小形变，即将待测应变Δε施加于长周期光纤光栅式管道应变实时检测器上，其中，Δε包括施加于轴向上的应变ΔεL和施加于横向上的应变ΔεB； Step 3: Micro-deform the high-temperature pipeline, that is, apply the measured strain Δε to the long-period fiber Bragg grating real-time pipeline strain detector, where Δε includes the strain Δε L applied in the axial direction and the strain Δε applied in the transverse direction B ; 步骤4：光纤光栅解调仪连接高温长周期光纤光栅轴向应变传感器、高温长周期光纤光栅横向应变传感器和高温长周期光纤光栅温度传感器串行连接后的另一端，宽带光源发出的光经过三个光纤光栅传感器后有透射光出射，测量三个高温长周期光纤光栅应变实时检测器的透射波长漂移量，并得到高温长周期光纤光栅轴向应变传感器与高温长周期光纤光栅温度传感器的中心波长漂移量的差值Δλ1、高温长周期光纤光栅横向应变传感器与高温长周期光纤光栅温度传感器的中心波长漂移量的差值Δλ2； Step 4: The FBG demodulator is connected to the other end of the high-temperature long-period FBG axial strain sensor, the high-temperature long-period FBG transverse strain sensor and the high-temperature long-period FBG temperature sensor. The light emitted by the broadband light source passes through three There is transmitted light exiting from the first FBG sensor, and the transmission wavelength shift of three high-temperature long-period FBG strain real-time detectors is measured, and the central wavelength of the high-temperature long-period FBG axial strain sensor and the high-temperature long-period FBG temperature sensor is obtained The difference Δλ 1 of the drift amount, the difference Δλ 2 of the central wavelength drift between the high-temperature long-period fiber Bragg grating transverse strain sensor and the high-temperature long-period fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor; 步骤5： Step 5: 若Δλ1≠0，Δλ2＝0，则ΔεB＝0，待测应变Δε＝ΔεL≠0，即高温管道无横向应变，仅有轴向应变，且应变值Δε＝Δλ1/λ1(1-Pe)； If Δλ 1 ≠0, Δλ 2 = 0, then Δε B = 0, the strain to be measured Δε = Δε L ≠ 0, that is, the high-temperature pipeline has no transverse strain, only axial strain, and the strain value Δε = Δλ 1 /λ 1 (1-P e ); 若Δλ1＝0，Δλ2≠0，则ΔεL＝0，待测应变Δε＝ΔεB≠0，即高温管道无轴向应变，仅有横向应变，且应变值Δε＝Δλ2/λ2(1-Pe)； If Δλ 1 = 0, Δλ 2 ≠ 0, then Δε L = 0, the strain to be measured Δε = Δε B ≠ 0, that is, the high-temperature pipe has no axial strain, only lateral strain, and the strain value Δε = Δλ 2 /λ 2 (1-P e ); 若Δλ1≠0，Δλ2≠0，则待测应变Δε＝ΔεL+ΔεB≠0，即高温管道既有横向应变， 又有轴向应变，且横向应变值ΔεB＝Δλ2/λ2(1-Pe)，轴向应变值ΔεL＝Δλ1/λ1(1-Pe)； If Δλ 1 ≠0, Δλ 2 ≠0, then the measured strain Δε=Δε L + Δε B ≠0, that is, the high-temperature pipeline has both transverse strain and axial strain, and the transverse strain value Δε B = Δλ 2 /λ 2 (1-P e ), axial strain value Δε L = Δλ 1 /λ 1 (1-P e ); 其中，λ1为高温长周期光纤光栅轴向应变传感器的中心波长，λ2为高温长周期光纤光栅横向应变传感器的中心波长，Pe为光纤的有效弹光系数。 Among them, λ1 is the central wavelength of the high-temperature long-period FBG axial strain sensor, λ2 is the central wavelength of the high-temperature long-period FBG transverse strain sensor, and Pe is the effective elasto-optic coefficient of the fiber.
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Application publication date: 20140806