CN103983978B - An airport wheel track testing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to engineering detecting field, particularly relate to a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing.The present invention provides a kind of airport wheelmark method of testing, comprises the steps: to arrange two or more laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor in runway side；Opposite side at runway arranges a laser type distance measuring sensor；When aircraft is by runway, by laser type distance measuring sensor and laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor, the distance outside the forward and backward wheel of survey aircraft and between distance measuring sensor；Data according to distance measuring sensor judge the type of aircraft and the wheelmark of aircraft.The present invention is taken off landing distance through between transverse section, laser ranging instrument place airplane wheel rubber outer side and laser ranging instrument by laser ranging system survey aircraft, thus provide the wheelmark cross direction profiles method of testing on a kind of airport, create precondition for filling up China's research blank in wheelmark cross direction profiles field, airport.

Description

An airport wheel track testing method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of engineering detection, in particular to an airport wheel track testing method.

Background technique

When the aircraft taxis on the runway, taxiway and contact road, it does not strictly follow a straight line, but there is a certain deviation and swing. The center line of the aircraft will deviate from the center marking line of the facility (daytime) or the center guide light (night), and the trajectory or range of this deviation is called the wheel track.

The lateral distribution of aircraft wheel tracks is one of the important contents of studying the effect of aircraft on the pavement. It is an important parameter for the design, management and maintenance of civil airport pavement, and it is also an important basis for evaluating the safety of aircraft deviation. In China, no survey on the distribution of wheel tracks on airport pavement has been carried out. It is simply assumed that the lateral distribution of wheel tracks is uniform, which does not conform to the actual situation and has no factual basis. This limits the development of pavement technology in our country to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the lateral distribution of the wheel tracks of the aircraft.

In the investigation of the lateral distribution of the aircraft's wheel tracks, the laser range finder is mainly used. By setting up the laser range finder on both sides of a certain section of the airport runway, the lateral deviation of the aircraft passing through the section can be measured. Laser ranging technology refers to the distance measurement technology that uses laser pulses or continuous wave laser beams to measure the distance of the target. A laser ranging system generally consists of a laser emitting part, a laser receiving part, a control system, a power supply and other components. Laser ranging methods can be divided into: pulse method (laser time-of-flight method), phase method, frequency modulation method, etc. The laser ranging light technology has the characteristics of stability and less weather interference, and the instrument can be installed on both sides of the running runway to realize the wheel track distribution test without interfering with the operation of the aircraft.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of airport wheel track test method, described method can measure the lateral deviation of center line when aircraft is running on the runway, so that help to find aircraft wheel track lateral distribution to fill the research gap in this field.

In order to achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the first aspect of the present invention provides an airport wheel track testing method, including the following steps:

1) Two or more laser wheel track ranging sensors are installed on one side of the runway, and the laser beams of each laser track ranging sensor are parallel to the surface of the runway and perpendicular to the centerline of the runway;

2) Set up a laser type ranging sensor on the other side of the runway, and the line connecting the laser type ranging sensor and one of the laser wheel track ranging sensors is perpendicular to the centerline of the airstrip;

3) When the aircraft passes the runway, the distance between the front and rear wheels of the aircraft and the ranging sensor is measured through the laser type ranging sensor and the laser wheel track ranging sensor;

4) According to the data of the laser type ranging sensor and its relative laser wheel track ranging sensor, judge the aircraft type, and then obtain the wheel track of the aircraft according to the data of each ranging sensor.

Preferably, the distance measuring sensor is installed on a support, and the erection of the support can fix the laser distance measuring sensor and can avoid the influence of errors caused by ground vibrations, air fluctuations, etc. Those skilled in the art can carry out the support on the support according to the actual situation. The angle is fine-tuned so that the ranging sensor can accurately receive the return signal.

Preferably, the transmitting frequency of the ranging sensor is ≥2000Hz.

Preferably, the measuring range of the ranging sensor is ≥60m, and the accuracy reaches millimeter level.

More preferably, the measurement accuracy of the ranging sensor reaches 0.05 meters.

Preferably, the ranging sensor is 60-100m away from the centerline of the runway.

Preferably, the distance measuring sensor is provided with a waterproof protective box.

More preferably, the front end of the waterproof protective box adopts a high light transmittance lens.

Those skilled in the art can select an appropriate waterproof protective box based on experience, such as an aluminum alloy waterproof protective box. Preferably, the aluminum alloy is heat-treated.

Preferably, the erection height of the ranging sensor is 0.5-1.1m.

The installation height of the distance measuring sensor is selected to align the distance measuring sensor with the rubber part at the lower outer side of the aircraft wheel.

In addition, each ranging sensor in the present invention can be powered by a solar battery and has a built-in single-chip microcomputer. The solar battery is the main power supply system of the civil airport wheel track testing system, and the single-chip microcomputer has data preprocessing and storage functions. Therefore, the airport wheel track test method provided by the present invention can perform data testing and storage under the condition of unmanned monitoring all-weather. During the collection process of the system, no one performs data storage and conduction, and the system itself has a certain storage function and volume. The space ensures round-the-clock data collection. At the same time, the data effective range setting and data preprocessing of the laser ranging sensor and the single-chip microcomputer effectively reduce the storage space occupied by invalid data, and save a lot of energy for the later data processing. The use of solar cells as the power supply system fully takes into account the inconvenience of entering and leaving the airport, and has more energy-saving, environmentally friendly and sustainable effects.

The second aspect of the present invention provides the application of the airport wheel track testing method in the field of aircraft runway load calculation.

Preferably, the application in the field of runway load calculation is specifically: using the airport wheel track test method to calculate the wheel track distribution of each aircraft when taking off and landing, and then obtain the load data of the airport runway according to the wheel track distribution data.

More preferably, those skilled in the art can select the number of laser track ranging sensors based on experience and actual conditions (such as runway length, etc.), and arrange each laser track ranging sensor on the side of the runway, using the airport wheel The wheel track test method calculates the wheel track distribution around the runway when each aircraft takes off and lands, and then obtains the load data of the entire airport runway according to the wheel track distribution data around the runway.

Further preferably, the distance between the laser tracking ranging sensors is 50-70m.

As mentioned above, under the premise that the laser emitted by the laser ranging instrument has sufficient frequency to ensure that the aircraft passes through the section where the laser ranging system is located, and the laser ranging module can accurately capture the position of the wheel in time, the present invention uses the laser ranging The device measures the distance between the outer side of the rubber of the aircraft wheel and the laser distance measuring instrument when the aircraft takes off and lands and passes the cross section where the laser distance measuring instrument is located, thus providing a test method for the lateral distribution of wheel tracks in airports, which is to fill the gap between the lateral wheel tracks in airports in my country. Research gaps in the field of distribution create prerequisites.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a civil airport wheel track testing system according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a plane layout diagram of the laser ranging sensor of the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows a left view of the layout of the laser ranging sensor of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the layout of the laser ranging sensor of the present invention.

Fig. 5 shows the basic schematic diagram of the apparatus erection of the present invention.

Fig. 6 shows three views of the installation of the instrument and the size of the sensor of the present invention (from left to right respectively the main view, the side view and the top view).

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention are described below through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation modes, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in this specification based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

See Figure 1-6. It should be noted that the diagrams provided in this embodiment are only schematically illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and only the components related to the present invention are shown in the diagrams rather than the number, shape and shape of the components in actual implementation. Dimensional drawing, the type, quantity and proportion of each component can be changed arbitrarily during actual implementation, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.

The invention includes at least three laser ranging sensors, the laser ranging sensors can be powered by solar cells, and have a built-in single-chip microcomputer. The laser ranging sensor actually integrates the laser ranging module, control function, signal processing and data storage system, and is placed in a high-grade waterproof protective box and erected with a bracket. The solar cell is the main power supply system of the civil airport wheel track testing system, and the single-chip microcomputer has data preprocessing and storage functions. Data storage is realized by converting the 4-20mA analog signal from the laser ranging module into binary storable data. Data or electrical signals are transmitted between components and equipment in the field through wired methods such as RS232 or cables. The wireless data transmission inside and outside the field is realized through the GPRS DTU data transmission unit. According to the location where the instrument is erected and installed, the effective data range of the target distance is set before the actual data is measured on site. The solar power can still work normally on cloudy days for 3-5 consecutive days, the battery storage capacity is at least 32AH, and the size of the solar panel is about 800mm*1200mm.

As shown in Figure 1, a civil airport wheel track test method, the airport internal installation includes three laser ranging sensors, single-chip microcomputer and the corresponding solar power supply system. The distance from the measuring point is measured by the laser ranging sensor, and the data is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer and pre-processed. The data is sent to the data management server through GPRS, and the tester can obtain the corresponding actual measurement from the data analysis interface. data.

As shown in Figure 2 to Figure 4, the specific layout of the laser ranging sensors in the airport, the erection positions of the three laser ranging sensors Laser1, Laser2 and Laser3 are respectively: At 80m, the laser Laser3 is set up on the other side of the runway at a distance of 80m from the center line of the runway. The lasers Laser1 and Laser2 are the laser track ranging sensors, and Laser3 is the laser type ranging sensor. The laser ranging sensor is used to measure the distance from the outer side of the lower part of the aircraft tire to the laser ranging sensor. When no aircraft passes by, the laser beam of the laser ranging sensor should hit the top of the runway road arch, so that the return is from the top of the road arch to the laser The distance setting of the distance sensor. Considering the height of the weeds in the soil area on both sides of the airport runway and the height of the aircraft engine, the installation height of the instrument is about 0.5m-1m, depending on the height of the road crown.

As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the erection method of the laser ranging sensor, in order to ensure that it will not interfere with and affect the safe operation of the airport, the size of the instrument is strictly controlled (the size is within 0.4*0.3*0.2m), And the design of the bracket is completely designed according to the easy-folding structure of the base of the runway edge light, with a height of 0.5 to 1 meter. The bracket is designed as a liftable structure, which can be adjusted according to the site environment (terrain, grass height). According to the needs of fixed installation of the instrument, install the section position of the instrument in the soil surface area. In order to ensure that the instrument can perform data collection stably, a cement concrete slab with an area of 1.0m*1.0m and a depth of 50cm needs to be poured on site for fixing Instrument stand. Slabs cast off-site can be moved at any time and can be removed once testing is complete. Clean up the surrounding soil and grass first, then dig out a small pit of 1.0m*1.0m*0.5m, and then pour the well-fitted cement concrete, and reserve a certain amount according to the size of the supporting tripod The small hole is convenient for the next lap. The sensor bracket is supported by the base of the runway edge light and the easy-to-fold tripod, and the tripod is fixedly installed on the small hole reserved in the cement concrete slab. And according to needs, a little cement can be poured around the tripod to stabilize the tripod.

Example 1

Civil airport wheel track test system:

Carry out the wheel track test system test at the south end of the west runway of Hongqiao Airport. The test system consists of three laser ranging sensors ULS. In this test, we selected two ULSs and placed them on the side of the airport for measurement. Considering the height of weeds in the soil area on both sides of the airport runway and the height of the aircraft engine, the erection height of the instrument is about 0.8m. For the take-off aircraft, the wheel track lateral distribution test is planned to be carried out at a distance of 200 meters to 300 meters from the south end of the main runway (from south to north) (the west runway of Hongqiao Airport). This section is basically where the aircraft starts to roll after adjusting its attitude. For landing aircraft, according to the regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization, for runways with a length of more than 2,400 meters, the aiming point mark should be set at a distance of 400 meters from the threshold of the runway. By looking at the satellite photos of the airport, it is found that the grounding position of the aircraft and the runway is relatively dense in the range of 300 meters to 700 meters, so the information collection section for landing aircraft can be selected at a distance of 400 meters from the runway.

To sum up, this test chose to deploy instruments on the west runway of Hongqiao Airport to test the distribution of the wheel tracks of the take-off aircraft. According to the change of the airport weather, the west runway takes the direction from south to north as the main direction of aircraft take-off, so it is chosen to be at the south end of the distance. Set up the instrument at about 200 to 300 meters for measurement. After negotiation, the cross-section positions of laser1 and laser3 were finally determined to be 241 meters from the south end of the west runway (next to the "intersection take-off sign", which faces the taxiway and has a height of 1.1 meters), and the cross-section position of laser2 is the distance At 301 meters from the south end of the west runway, the three sensors are all about 60 meters away from the centerline of the runway, and laser2 is about 60 meters away from laser1. According to the airport safety management regulations, there should be no objects above the ground within 75 meters from the center line of the runway on both sides of the airport runway. However, in order to achieve the purpose of accurate data collection, the instrument is planned to be installed next to the signboard on the side of the runway.

In order to ensure no interference and impact on the safe operation of the airport, the size of the instrument is strictly controlled (the size is within 0.4*0.3*0.2m), and the design of the bracket is completely designed according to the easy-to-fold structure of the base of the runway edge light. The height is 0.5 to 1 meter, and the support is designed as a liftable structure, which can be adjusted according to the site environment (terrain, grass height). According to the needs of fixed installation of the instrument, install the section position of the instrument in the soil surface area. In order to ensure the stable data collection of the instrument, a cement concrete slab with an area of 1.0m*1.0m and a depth of 50cm is poured on site to fix the instrument. stand. Slabs cast off-site can be moved at any time and can be removed once testing is complete. First clean up the surrounding soil and grass, then excavate a small pit of 1.0m*1.0m*0.5m, and then pour the well-fitted cement concrete, and reserve a certain amount according to the size of the supporting tripod The small hole is convenient for the next lap. The sensor bracket is supported by the base of the runway edge light and the easy-to-fold tripod, and the tripod is fixedly installed on the small hole reserved in the cement concrete slab. And according to needs, a little cement can be poured around the tripod to stabilize the tripod. The sensor (0.35m*0.25m*0.15m in size) is fixed in the cement concrete slab area by a tripod, about 0.5 to 1.0m above the ground, and can be adjusted up and down.

In order to control the size of the equipment as much as possible, this instrument uses a lithium battery. The capacity of the lithium battery can meet the power consumption of the instrument for a week. The battery should be replaced once a week. The size of the lithium battery is: 185mm*185mm*122mm. Because the size of the lithium battery is not large, it can be placed directly at the base of the bracket, so that the entire instrument can be bound into a whole. Try to control the size and height of the entire equipment within an appropriate range, so as not to affect the safe operation of the airport.

The instrument equipment is equipped with a corresponding protective casing to prevent accidental damage; in order to ensure that the instrument will not be damaged by lawn mowers or other construction operations at the airport during the test data period, after the instrument is erected, an obvious protective cover should be set up within a radius of at least 2m near the instrument erection area. Warning Peugeot. Regularly enter the site every week to carry out safety inspections of the instruments, including checking whether the warning signs are damaged. If the warning signs are damaged, they should be dealt with in time.

Since the number of airport flights reaches 600 to 700 per day, the data collection collected enough sample data in one week, and the detailed data are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

According to the data of laser1 and laser3, the model of the aircraft can be obtained, so as to know the data of the aircraft fuselage and wheels, and then according to the distance measurement results of the front and rear wheels of the three sensors, the wheel tracks of the front and rear wheels of the aircraft can be obtained distributed. According to the wheel track distribution data of each aircraft in Table 1, the overall load data of the airport runway can be calculated.

To sum up, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial application value.

The above-mentioned embodiments only illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. an airport wheelmark method of testing, comprises the steps:

1) two or more laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is set, the laser light of described each laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor in runway side Restraint each parallel to runway surface and the centrage that is perpendicular to runway；

2) opposite side at runway arranges a laser type distance measuring sensor, described laser type distance measuring sensor and one of them The line of laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor is perpendicular to the centrage of runway；

3) when aircraft is by runway, by laser type distance measuring sensor and laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor, before survey aircraft, Distance outside rear wheel and between distance measuring sensor；

4) according to laser type distance measuring sensor and the data of relative laser wheelmark distance measuring sensor thereof, it is judged that the type of aircraft, Data further according to each distance measuring sensor draw the wheelmark of aircraft；

Tranmitting frequency >=the 2000Hz of described distance measuring sensor；

Described distance measuring sensor distance runway centerline 60-100m；

The antenna height of described distance measuring sensor is 0.5-1.1m, the rubber part of distance measuring sensor alignment airplane wheel outer lower portion.

2. a kind of airport as claimed in claim 1 wheelmark method of testing, it is characterised in that described distance measuring sensor is installed on support, Distance measuring sensor can receive return signal accurately.

3. a kind of airport as claimed in claim 1 wheelmark method of testing, it is characterised in that the measurement scope of described distance measuring sensor >=60m, precision reaches a millimeter rank.

4. a kind of airport as claimed in claim 1 wheelmark method of testing, it is characterised in that described distance measuring sensor is provided with waterproofing protection Box.

5. the airport wheelmark method of testing as described in claim 1-4 any claim calculates the purposes in field at runway load.

6. purposes as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described runway load calculates the purposes in field particularly as follows: use Described airport wheelmark method of testing calculates wheelmark distribution during each takeoff and landing, show that airport flies further according to wheelmark distributed data The payload data of machine runway.