CN114030217B - A kind of tubular nano heat insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of tubular nano heat insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003471 anti-radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
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- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/001—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a flexible element, e.g. diaphragm, urged by fluid pressure; Isostatic presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
- B30B15/022—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
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- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于纳米隔热材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种筒形纳米隔热材料及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of nano heat insulation material preparation, and in particular relates to a cylindrical nano heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
纳米隔热材料是由无机纳米粉体、无机纤维以及抗辐射填料粉体等经混合后压制而成的轻质高效隔热材料，具有耐热温度高、隔热性能好、成本低等优点，在航空、航天、船舶、冶金、电子等领域应用广泛。随着纳米隔热材料应用领域的不断扩展，对筒形纳米隔热材料的需求日益迫切。现阶段，筒形纳米隔热材料主要通过块体机加的方式得到，该方法存在纳米隔热材料粉体原材料浪费严重、机加工费用昂贵、制造成本高等问题。与此同时，通过该方法制备得到的纳米隔热筒，纤维及粉体的分布取向与筒壁不一致，由此导致纳米隔热筒的力学性能较差，各区域力学性能不均匀。Nano heat insulation material is a light and efficient heat insulation material made of inorganic nano powder, inorganic fiber and anti-radiation filler powder after mixing and pressing. It has the advantages of high heat resistance temperature, good heat insulation performance and low cost. It is widely used in aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, metallurgy, electronics and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of nano-insulation materials, the demand for cylindrical nano-insulation materials is becoming increasingly urgent. At present, cylindrical nano-insulation materials are mainly obtained by block machining. This method has problems such as serious waste of nano-insulation powder raw materials, expensive machining costs, and high manufacturing costs. At the same time, the distribution and orientation of the fibers and powders of the nano-insulation cylinder prepared by this method is not consistent with the cylinder wall, which leads to poor mechanical properties of the nano-insulation cylinder and uneven mechanical properties of each region.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提出一种筒形纳米隔热材料及其制备方法，通过特制的软模，一步成形为筒形，解决机加方式获得筒形纳米隔热材料存在的筒壁各区域力学性能不均一，材料浪费量严重，机加费用昂贵等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a cylindrical nano-insulation material and its preparation method, through a special soft mold, one-step forming into a cylinder, to solve the mechanical properties of each area of the cylinder wall where the cylindrical nano-insulation material exists. Inhomogeneity, serious material waste, expensive machining and other problems.
本发明采用的技术方案如下：The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
一种筒形纳米隔热材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a tubular nano-insulation material, comprising the following steps:
1）设计并制造含凹形腔的中空结构的软模，该软模的外侧面为筒形，将纳米隔热材料粉体注入软模内部并密封；1) Design and manufacture a soft mold with a hollow structure containing a concave cavity. The outer surface of the soft mold is cylindrical, and the nano-insulation material powder is injected into the soft mold and sealed;
2）将装好纳米隔热材料粉体的软模置于多孔筒形阴模内，筒形阴模上方安装密封盖，得到密闭的组合体M；2) Place the soft mold filled with nano heat insulation material powder in the porous cylindrical female mold, and install the sealing cover on the cylindrical female mold to obtain the airtight assembly M;
3）向组合体M的内部加入一预设压力的流体，流体进入软模凹形腔来施压于软模及其内部的纳米隔热材料粉体，保压一段时间后，卸压，打开密封盖并去除流体，得到贴附在阴模上的半成品N；3) Add a preset pressure fluid to the interior of the assembly M, and the fluid enters the concave cavity of the soft mold to apply pressure on the soft mold and the nano-insulation material powder inside it. After holding the pressure for a period of time, release the pressure and open sealing the cap and removing the fluid to obtain a semi-finished product N attached to the female mold;
4）将半成品N外面的阴模拆除，将阳模置于半成品N的凹形腔内部，得到组合体X；4) Remove the female mold outside the semi-finished product N, place the male mold inside the concave cavity of the semi-finished product N, and obtain the assembly X;
5）将组合体X整体置于等静压容器内，在另一预设压力下进行压制，保压一段时间后，拆除阳模，得到包裹软模的筒形纳米隔热材料；5) Put the assembly X as a whole in an isostatic pressure container, and press it under another preset pressure. After holding the pressure for a period of time, remove the male mold to obtain a cylindrical nano-insulation material wrapped in the soft mold;
6）将包裹筒形纳米隔热材料表面的软模去除，得到筒形纳米隔热材料。6) Remove the soft mold covering the surface of the tubular nano-insulation material to obtain the tubular nano-insulation material.
进一步地，所述纳米隔热材料粉体为无机纳米粉体与无机纤维的均匀组合物。Further, the nano heat insulating material powder is a uniform composition of inorganic nano powder and inorganic fibers.
进一步地，所述软模材质为具有弹性的橡胶材料，表面设置具有过滤功能的单向泄压孔，该单向泄压孔的功能为：当软模中空结构内部压力大于外界时，气体通过单向泄压孔向外界排出，同时阻止纳米隔热材料粉体排出；当软模中空结构内部压力小于外界时，单向泄压孔保持关闭，阻止外界气体或其他流体通过单向泄压孔进入到软模中空结构内部。Further, the material of the soft mold is elastic rubber material, and a one-way pressure relief hole with a filtering function is provided on the surface. The function of the one-way pressure relief hole is: when the internal pressure of the hollow structure of the soft mold is greater than the outside, the gas passes through The one-way pressure relief hole is discharged to the outside, and at the same time prevents the nano-insulation material powder from being discharged; when the internal pressure of the hollow structure of the soft mold is lower than the outside world, the one-way pressure relief hole remains closed, preventing external gas or other fluids from passing through the one-way pressure relief hole Enter the interior of the hollow structure of the soft mold.
进一步地，所述密封盖附带有流体入口。Further, the sealing cover is provided with a fluid inlet.
进一步地，步骤3）中向组合体M的内部加入压力为0.2~1MPa的流体，保压1~30min。Further, in step 3), a fluid with a pressure of 0.2-1 MPa is added to the interior of the assembly M, and the pressure is maintained for 1-30 minutes.
进一步地，所述流体为气体或液体。Further, the fluid is gas or liquid.
进一步地，所述筒形阴模与软模相接触面的形状及尺寸相一致。Further, the shape and size of the contact surface between the cylindrical female mold and the soft mold are consistent.
进一步地，所述阳模与半成品N相接触一侧的表面形状及尺寸相一致。Further, the surface shape and size of the contact side of the male mold and the semi-finished product N are consistent.
进一步地，所述等静压容器内充入等静压流体进行压制，该等静压流体为气体或液体。Further, the isostatic pressure container is filled with isostatic pressure fluid for pressing, and the isostatic pressure fluid is gas or liquid.
进一步地，步骤5）在于1~10MPa进行压制，保压5~60min。Further, step 5) is to press at 1-10 MPa, and hold the pressure for 5-60 minutes.
一种筒形纳米隔热材料，通过上述方法制备得到。A cylindrical nano heat insulating material is prepared by the above method.
本发明取得的有益效果为：The beneficial effects that the present invention obtains are:
1）本发明采用特制软模，既可以确保随形，又可以确保粉体中的气体排出，由于软模各位置区域的流体压力具有一致性，因此可以实现纳米隔热材料粉体随形压缩，各区域的力学性能均匀，密度均匀性好；2）本发明通过对软模形状、阴模及阳模形状的设计，可实现多种尺寸的筒形纳米隔热材料净尺寸成形，代替了传统通过机加方式获取筒形纳米隔热材料的方式，大幅节省了原材料用量；按照本发明技术方案的精神，不仅可以用来对纳米隔热材料制造成筒形，也可以用来制造成其他的形状；3）本发明方法操作工艺简单，通过简单的软模、阴模、阳模设计，即可实现特定尺寸的筒形纳米隔热材料制备；通过对流体压力的控制，可以实现对筒形纳米隔热材料密度的控制。4）本发明所制备的筒形纳米隔热材料，等效密度范围在0.3~0.8g/cm3内可调节，压缩强度大于1MPa，产品等效导热系数范围0.025~0.065W/(mK)，力学强度高，密度低，隔热性能好。1) The present invention adopts a special soft mold, which can not only ensure conformity, but also ensure that the gas in the powder is discharged. Since the fluid pressure in each position area of the soft mold is consistent, it can realize the conformal compression of nano heat insulation material powder , the mechanical properties of each area are uniform, and the density uniformity is good; 2) The present invention can realize the net size forming of cylindrical nano-insulation materials of various sizes through the design of the shape of the soft mold, the female mold and the male mold, replacing the The traditional method of obtaining cylindrical nano-insulation materials by machining has greatly saved the amount of raw materials; according to the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, it can not only be used to manufacture nano-insulation materials into cylindrical shapes, but also can be used to manufacture other 3) The operation process of the method of the present invention is simple, through the simple design of soft mold, female mold, and male mold, the preparation of cylindrical nano-insulation materials of specific sizes can be realized; through the control of fluid pressure, the cylinder can be realized Density control of shaped nano-insulation materials. 4) The tubular nano-insulation material prepared by the present invention has an adjustable equivalent density range of 0.3~0.8g/ cm3 , a compressive strength greater than 1MPa, and a product equivalent thermal conductivity range of 0.025~0.065W/(mK), High mechanical strength, low density, good heat insulation performance.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种筒形纳米隔热材料的制备流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a tubular nano-insulation material of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举实施例，并配合所附图作详细说明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following specific embodiments are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例Example
本实施例公开一种筒形纳米隔热材料的制备方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a tubular nano-insulation material, as shown in Figure 1, including the following steps:
1）准备好中空结构的特制软模（最大直径100mm×最大高度120mm；内腔等厚24mm），见图1中A，将纳米隔热材料粉体自然注满特制软模内部并密封；1) Prepare a special soft mold with a hollow structure (maximum diameter 100mm×maximum height 120mm; inner cavity equal thickness 24mm), see A in Figure 1, naturally fill the interior of the special soft mold with nano-insulation material powder and seal it;
2）将装好料的特制软模置于与特制软模尺寸相一致的多孔筒形阴模内，两者相互贴合，筒形阴模上方安装密封盖，得到密闭的组合体M，见图1中B；2) Place the special soft mold filled with materials in the porous cylindrical female mold with the same size as the special soft mold, and the two are attached to each other, and the sealing cover is installed on the top of the cylindrical female mold to obtain the airtight combination M, see B in Figure 1;
3）向组合体M的内部加入压力为0.5MPa的流体，保压15min后，卸压，打开密封盖并去除流体，得到贴附在阴模上的半成品N，见图1中C；3) Add a fluid with a pressure of 0.5MPa into the assembly M, keep the pressure for 15 minutes, release the pressure, open the sealing cover and remove the fluid, and obtain the semi-finished product N attached to the female mold, see C in Figure 1;
4）将半成品N外面的阴模拆除，将与半成品N凹形腔内部尺寸相一致的阳模置于半成品N凹形腔内部，得到组合体X，见图1中D；4) Remove the female mold outside the semi-finished product N, and place the male mold with the same internal size as the semi-finished N concave cavity inside the semi-finished N concave cavity to obtain the assembly X, see D in Figure 1;
5）将组合体X整体置于等静压容器内，于10MPa进行压制，保压5min后，拆除阳模，得到包裹特制软模的筒形纳米隔热材料，见图1中E；5) Put the assembly X as a whole in an isostatic pressure container, and press it at 10MPa. After holding the pressure for 5 minutes, remove the male mold to obtain a cylindrical nano-insulation material wrapped with a special soft mold, as shown in E in Figure 1;
6）将包裹特制软模的筒形纳米隔热材料表面的特制软模去除，得到筒形纳米隔热材料。6) Remove the special soft mold on the surface of the tubular nano-insulation material wrapping the special soft mold to obtain the tubular nano-insulation material.
本实施例制备的筒形纳米隔热材料，壁厚5.8mm，整体密度0.48g/cm3，等效室温热导率0.040W/(mK)，结构强度良好，无掉粉现象。The cylindrical nano-insulation material prepared in this example has a wall thickness of 5.8mm, an overall density of 0.48g/cm 3 , an equivalent room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.040W/(mK), good structural strength, and no powder falling.
实施例Example
本实施例公开一种筒形纳米隔热材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a tubular nano-insulation material, which includes the following steps:
1）准备好中空结构的特制软模（最大直径100mm×最大高度120mm；内腔等厚24mm），将纳米隔热材料粉体自然注满特制软模内部并密封；1) Prepare a special soft mold with a hollow structure (maximum diameter 100mm×maximum height 120mm; inner cavity equal thickness 24mm), naturally fill the inside of the special soft mold with nano-insulation material powder and seal it;
2）将装好料的特制软模置于与特制软模尺寸相一致的多孔筒形阴模内，两者相互贴合，筒形阴模上方安装密封盖，得到密闭的组合体M；2) Place the special soft mold filled with materials in the porous cylindrical female mold of the same size as the special soft mold, and the two are attached to each other, and a sealing cover is installed on the top of the cylindrical female mold to obtain a sealed assembly M;
3）向组合体M的内部加入压力为0.2MPa的流体，保压30min后，卸压，打开密封盖并去除流体，得到贴附在阴模上的半成品N；3) Add fluid with a pressure of 0.2MPa into the assembly M, keep the pressure for 30 minutes, release the pressure, open the sealing cover and remove the fluid, and obtain the semi-finished product N attached to the female mold;
4）将半成品N外面的阴模拆除，将与半成品N凹形腔内部尺寸相一致的阳模置于半成品N凹形腔内部，得到组合体X；4) The female mold outside the semi-finished product N is removed, and the male mold with the same internal size as the semi-finished product N concave cavity is placed inside the semi-finished product N concave cavity to obtain the combination X;
5）将组合体X整体置于等静压容器内，于1MPa进行压制，保压60min后，拆除阳模，得到包裹特制软模的筒形纳米隔热材料；5) Put the assembly X as a whole in an isostatic pressure container, and press it at 1MPa. After holding the pressure for 60 minutes, remove the male mold to obtain a cylindrical nano-insulation material wrapped with a special soft mold;
6）将包裹特制软模的筒形纳米隔热材料表面的特制软模去除，得到筒形纳米隔热材料。6) Remove the special soft mold on the surface of the tubular nano-insulation material wrapping the special soft mold to obtain the tubular nano-insulation material.
本实施例制备的筒形纳米隔热材料，壁厚7.9mm，整体密度0.25g/cm3，等效室温热导率0.028W/(mK)，结构强度比实施例1显著要差，轻微掉粉。The tubular nano-insulation material prepared in this example has a wall thickness of 7.9mm, an overall density of 0.25g/cm 3 , and an equivalent room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.028W/(mK). The structural strength is significantly worse than that of Example 1, slightly drop powder.
实施例Example
本实施例公开一种筒形纳米隔热材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：This embodiment discloses a method for preparing a tubular nano-insulation material, which includes the following steps:
1）准备好中空结构的特制软模（最大直径100mm×最大高度120mm；内腔等厚24mm），将纳米隔热材料粉体自然注满特制软模内部并密封；1) Prepare a special soft mold with a hollow structure (maximum diameter 100mm×maximum height 120mm; inner cavity equal thickness 24mm), naturally fill the inside of the special soft mold with nano-insulation material powder and seal it;
2）将装好料的特制软模置于与特制软模尺寸相一致的多孔筒形阴模内，两者相互贴合，筒形阴模上方安装密封盖，得到密闭的组合体M；2) Place the special soft mold filled with materials in the porous cylindrical female mold of the same size as the special soft mold, and the two are attached to each other, and a sealing cover is installed on the top of the cylindrical female mold to obtain a sealed assembly M;
3）向组合体M的内部加入压力为1.0MPa的流体，保压1min后，卸压，打开密封盖并去除流体，得到贴附在阴模上的半成品N；3) Add fluid with a pressure of 1.0 MPa into the assembly M, hold the pressure for 1 minute, release the pressure, open the sealing cover and remove the fluid, and obtain the semi-finished product N attached to the female mold;
4）将半成品N外面的阴模拆除，将与半成品N凹形腔内部尺寸相一致的阳模置于半成品N凹形腔内部，得到组合体X；4) The female mold outside the semi-finished product N is removed, and the male mold with the same internal size as the semi-finished product N concave cavity is placed inside the semi-finished product N concave cavity to obtain the combination X;
5）将组合体X整体置于等静压容器内，于5MPa进行压制，保压20min后，拆除阳模，得到包裹特制软模的筒形纳米隔热材料；5) Put the assembly X as a whole in an isostatic pressure container, and press it at 5MPa. After holding the pressure for 20 minutes, remove the male mold to obtain a cylindrical nano-insulation material wrapped with a special soft mold;
6）将包裹特制软模的筒形纳米隔热材料表面的特制软模去除，得到筒形纳米隔热材料。6) Remove the special soft mold on the surface of the tubular nano-insulation material wrapping the special soft mold to obtain the tubular nano-insulation material.
本实施例制备的筒形纳米隔热材料，壁厚6.3mm，整体密度0.37g/cm3，等效室温热导率0.036W/(mK)，结构强度介于实施例1与实施例2之间。The tubular nano-insulation material prepared in this example has a wall thickness of 6.3mm, an overall density of 0.37g/cm 3 , an equivalent room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.036W/(mK), and a structural strength between that of Example 1 and Example 2. between.
虽然本发明已以实施例公开如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的适当修改或者等同替换，均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围内，本发明的保护范围以权利要求所限定者为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Appropriate modifications or equivalent replacements to the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the invention is defined by the claims.
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