CN114111618B - A device and method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the full section of mine roadway - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring full-section real-time deformation of a mine roadway and performing acousto-optic early warning, and relates to the technical field of mine safety. The device comprises a wireless collector, an area array laser probe, a display screen, a signal transmission unit, an early warning unit, a displacement sensor, a singlechip, a fixing mechanism and an outer shell, wherein the wireless collector collects and stores monitoring parameters, the area array laser probe emits to a full field of view in one pulse and receives reflected signals, the monitoring signals are transmitted to the singlechip for processing, and the singlechip processes monitoring data and determines the maximum deformation and the shape of the section of a roadway; the displacement sensor is matched with the fixing mechanism to measure the deformation of the top plate, and the steel stranded wires of the fixing mechanism are fixed on the top plate through flukes; the early warning unit sends out an audible and visual alarm signal according to a preset threshold value. The device is installed in the tunnel, can realize the automated processing of the clearance information of the full section of the tunnel to and the full section real-time deformation monitoring and early warning of the tunnel, and easy dismounting, monitoring efficiency are high.

Description

A device and method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the full section of mine roadway

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety monitoring, and in particular provides a device and method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the full section of a mine roadway.

Background technique

With the development of coal mining depth, the roadway is affected by surrounding rock stress and mining stress during the excavation or mining process, and the deformation of the roadway is becoming more and more serious, which is easy to cause disasters and accidents. Real-time monitoring and mastering of the surrounding rock deformation, especially the amount of deformation, is helpful to grasp the real-time state of the roadway, and make timely judgments to determine whether it is unstable; it is helpful to obtain the failure law of the roadway, so as to effectively prevent the damage of the roof, floor and two sides. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the roadway section.

In the prior art, the roadway cross-section monitoring method is mainly based on single-point measurement, that is, the single-point contact measurement in the roadway is carried out by cross-measuring method, roof delamination meter, convergent gauge and other measuring instruments. After multiple measurements and observations, the deformation is calculated to monitor the deformation of the roadway. These monitoring methods are widely used because they are easy to operate and can meet the general accuracy measurement requirements. However, the disadvantages of these measurement methods are also obvious. It is difficult to achieve continuous measurement. There are also full-section monitoring devices or methods for roadways that need to arrange multiple measuring points for monitoring, and transmit the collected data to a computer for calculation to obtain the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, which is relatively cumbersome to use. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the existing monitoring devices and methods.

Contents of the invention

In order to realize real-time deformation monitoring of the entire section of the roadway, and automatic control measurement, reduce measurement errors, realize automatic processing and storage of monitoring data, and timely early warning, the present invention provides a device and method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the entire section of the mine roadway. The specific technical scheme is as follows.

A device for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, comprising a wireless collector, an area array laser probe, a signal transmission unit, an early warning unit, a displacement sensor, a single-chip microcomputer, a fixing mechanism, and an outer shell. The anchor claw is fixed on the top plate; the signal transmission unit receives the signal from the wireless collector and feeds back the control signal to the single-chip microcomputer, and the early warning unit sends out an audible and visual alarm signal according to the preset threshold.

Preferably, the fixing mechanism includes a steel strand, an anchor claw and a fixing rod, the fixing rod is hollow, the steel strand passes through the hollow fixing rod and is connected to a wire take-up box in the housing, and a steel strand tensioning mechanism is arranged in the wire take-up box; the anchor claw is fixed at the end of the steel strand.

Preferably, the wireless collector collects monitoring parameters of multiple monitoring points in the roadway through wireless signal transmission, and the wireless collector realizes signal interaction with each single-chip microcomputer and controls the single-chip microcomputer.

It is also preferable that the area array laser probe is arranged on the outer shell, and a power supply is arranged inside the outer shell, and a display screen is also arranged on the outer shell; the power supply supplies power for the area array laser probe, the single-chip microcomputer, the display screen and the early warning unit.

Also preferably, the displacement sensor is a grating displacement sensor, and the grating displacement sensor cooperates with the steel strand and the take-up box.

It is also preferable that the single-chip computer setting program screens each point on the roadway section according to the set interval time every two monitoring times, and determines the deformation amount of each point in the roadway through calculation, and converts it into digital information and stores it in the memory on the single-chip computer; when the deformation amount exceeds the set threshold value, it will send a signal to the sound and light early warning device, and the early warning unit sends out a sound and light alarm signal.

A method for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, using the above-mentioned device for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, the steps include:

S1. Install the area array laser probe;

S2. Drill installation holes in the roadway, the steel strands are fixed by anchor claws, and the outer shell is fixed at the same time, and the displacement sensor is connected;

S3. Set the monitoring time interval and monitoring distance through the wireless collector, and set the roadway deformation threshold;

S4. The area array laser probe collects the clearance parameters of the roadway, and stores the data value in the single-chip microcomputer;

S5. The single-chip computer processes the monitoring data to determine the deformation of the roadway section;

S6. Calculate the clearance value of the two measurements, determine the deformation of each point of the section in the set time interval, and store it on the single-chip computer;

S7. Utilize the wireless collector to collect the deformation value of the roadway section;

S8. The single-chip microcomputer judges the deformation value. When the deformation value exceeds the threshold value, the single-chip microcomputer transmits the data to the sound and light early warning device, and the sound and light early warning device sends an audible and visual alarm after receiving the signal.

Further preferably, the outer casing sinks with the roof, and the roadway section generated by the area array laser probe and the single-chip microcomputer also drops accordingly; the deformation of the roof is determined in advance by the steel strand and the optical fiber displacement sensor, and the end face of the roadway is translated according to the deformation determined by the displacement sensor, so as to eliminate the height error between the two monitorings.

Further preferably, the area array laser probe is fixed to the explosion-proof casing by bolts, the drilling depth of the installation hole is set according to the coal seam, and the installation hole goes deep into the stable rock formation.

Further preferably, the wireless collector deletes the stored information in the single-chip microcomputer after collecting the monitoring information.

The beneficial effects of the device and method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light warning of the full section of mine roadway provided by the present invention are: the device uses an area array laser probe to express the clearance information of the full section of the roadway through digital signals, and then uses a specific program on the single-chip computer in the device to calculate the roadway section, so as to realize real-time deformation monitoring and early warning of the full section of the roadway; the area array laser probe, single-chip microcomputer, and displacement sensor in the device can be recycled repeatedly, and the operation is convenient; The specific program automatically processes and calculates and analyzes the data, combined with the data processing method, the measurement accuracy is high, and the deformation of the roadway section can be quickly and accurately obtained and recorded and saved; the method of using the device to monitor the entire roadway section can be regularly collected by workers. The instrument inspection improves the efficiency of monitoring and early warning.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the full section of the mine roadway;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the outer casing;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the area array laser probe;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the socket part;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the roof detection principle;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the detection principle of the lane side;

Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the principle of monitoring and early warning;

Fig. 8 is a flow chart of the method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the full section of the mine roadway;

In the figure: 1-wireless collector, 2-area laser probe, 3-signal transmission unit, 4-warning unit, 5-displacement sensor, 6-single-chip microcomputer, 7-fixing mechanism, 8-outer shell, 9-display screen, 10-power supply, 11-anchor claw, 12-steel strand, 13-fixing rod, 14-receiving box, 15-data interface, 16-power supply interface, 17-installation hole, 18-data line, 19-power line.

Detailed ways

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 8 , the specific implementation of a device and method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light early warning of the full section of a mine roadway provided by the present invention will be described.

A device for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, comprising a wireless collector 1, an area array laser probe 2, a signal transmission unit 3, an early warning unit 4, a displacement sensor 5, a single-chip microcomputer 6, a fixing mechanism 7, and an outer shell 8. The monitoring of the area array laser probe 2 and the displacement sensor 5 solves the technical problem of full-section real-time monitoring in the deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock of the roadway. Installation and disassembly of equipment.

Among them, the wireless collector 1 collects and stores monitoring parameters. The wireless collector 1 is an independent handheld device, but it can realize information interaction with the device, and adjust the monitoring parameters and early warning thresholds of the device through coding. The area array laser probe 2 emits a pulse to the whole field of view and receives reflected signals, and the monitoring signals are transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer 6 for processing. The single-chip microcomputer has the functions of processing monitoring parameters and saving data. The single-chip microcomputer 6 processes the monitoring data and determines the maximum deformation and the shape of the roadway section. The deformation of the monitored roadway realizes automatic processing, and at the same time, it can determine the shape of the end face of the roadway in real time, and carry out modeling according to the shape of the roadway, thereby providing convenience for underground roadway modeling and automation. The displacement sensor 5 cooperates with the fixing mechanism to measure the deformation of the roof. The steel strand of the fixing mechanism 7 is fixed on the roof by the anchor claw. The signal transmission unit 3 receives the signal from the wireless collector and feeds back the control signal to the single-chip microcomputer 6, and the early warning unit 4 sends out an audible and visual alarm signal according to a preset threshold.

Fixing mechanism 7 comprises steel strand 12, anchor claw 11 and fixed rod 13 etc., and fixed rod 13 is a hollow rod structure, and steel strand 12 passes through hollow fixed rod and is connected with take-up box 14 in the casing, and steel strand tensioning mechanism is arranged in take-up box 14, guarantees the tension situation of steel strand after installation; Anchor claw 11 is fixed on the end of steel strand, thereby steel strand 12 is firmly fixed in the roadway roof. The fixing mechanism 7 cooperates with the parts in the outer casing 8 to determine the actual deformation of the top plate.

The wireless collector 1 can collect monitoring parameters of multiple monitoring points in the roadway through wireless signal transmission. The wireless collector 1 realizes signal interaction with each single-chip microcomputer 6 and controls the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer 6 controls the work of the tensioning mechanism, the area array laser probe, the display screen and other components.

The area array laser probe 2 is arranged on the outer casing, and the outer casing 8 is also equipped with a power supply. The power supply 10 is a rechargeable power supply for repeated use. The power supply supplies power to each component through the power cord. In addition, the outer shell 8 is an explosion-proof shell structure, which is suitable for underground explosive and other dangerous environments. The explosion-proof outer shell is used to place various components in the device and meet the explosion-proof requirements of bottom-hole electronic equipment. The casing 8 is also equipped with a display screen, and the display screen 9 is embedded in the casing to display the monitoring data and the cross-sectional shape of the roadway. The power supply 10 supplies power for the area array laser probe 2, the single-chip microcomputer 6, the display screen 9 and the early warning unit 4. The display screen 9 can display the serial number of the current device, and can also display the cross-sectional shape of the currently measured roadway, and display the maximum deformation value in the current measurement period. The signal transmission unit 3 can be configured in the display screen, and the wireless transceiver device can transmit and receive signals from the wireless collector for wireless control of various functions of the device and data collection of the collector.

The displacement sensor 5 is a grating displacement sensor, and the grating displacement sensor cooperates with the steel strand and the take-up box to determine the displacement of the roadway roof by measuring the change of the steel strand.

The single-chip microcomputer 6 setting program screens each point on the roadway section according to the set interval time every two monitoring times, and determines the deformation of each point of the roadway through calculation, and converts it into digital information and stores it in the memory of the single-chip computer; when the deformation exceeds the set threshold, it will send a signal to the sound and light early warning device, and the early warning unit will send out a sound and light alarm signal. Specifically, the single-chip microcomputer can process and identify data through programming, and the collector can be used to set the distance d1 to the device. The single-chip microcomputer automatically intercepts the cross-sectional view located at d1 in front of the device in the headroom data, and through the setting program, the points on the cross-section are screened twice at intervals, and the deformation of each point of the roadway is calculated through these data and expressed digitally, stored in the memory stick on the single-chip microcomputer.

A method for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, using the above-mentioned device for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, the steps include:

S1. Install the area array laser probe; specifically, fix the probe part to the explosion-proof shell by bolts.

S2. Drill installation holes in the roadway, fix the steel strands through the anchor claws, fix the outer shell at the same time, and connect the displacement sensor. Fix the device as a whole on the top plate, open the device shell, wrap the steel strand tightly and transmit the electrical signal to the optical fiber displacement sensor.

S3. Set the monitoring time interval and monitoring distance through the wireless collector, and set the roadway deformation threshold. Set the measurement time interval t and the monitoring distance d ₁ set in front of the device, and set the roadway deformation threshold, the probe starts to collect the clearance data in the roadway according to the set time, respectively detects d ₁ , d ₂ and d ₄ of the top, bottom and two sides, and transmits the collected data to the single chip computer through the line

S4. The area array laser probe collects the clearance parameters of the roadway, and stores the data value in the single-chip computer.

S5. The single-chip computer processes the monitoring data to determine the deformation of the roadway section. Among them, the single-chip microcomputer processes the collected monitoring data through the programmed program, and cross-sections the clearance data obtained through the previously set distance d1, that is, analyzes and calculates the deformation of the roadway section through the determined section. As the roof sinks, the entire device also sinks, and the roadway section generated by the single-chip microcomputer also decreases accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the variation of the roof in advance to translate the formed section. The sinking amount of the roof is measured by the steel strand and the optical fiber displacement sensor to obtain the sinking amount of the roof of the roadway, so as to achieve the purpose that the two measurement points are at the same height and eliminate the measurement error.

S6. Calculate the clearance value of the two measurements, determine the deformation amount of each point of the cross-section within the set time interval, and store it on the single-chip computer.

S7. Use the wireless collector to collect the deformation value of the roadway section.

S8. The single-chip microcomputer judges the deformation value. When the deformation value exceeds the threshold value, the single-chip microcomputer transmits the data to the sound and light early warning device, and the sound and light early warning device sends an audible and visual alarm after receiving the signal.

After the roadway monitoring is completed, unscrew the bolts of the probe part, pull out the probe plug and separate it from the explosion-proof enclosure; since the explosion-proof enclosure and steel strands are directly fixed to the top plate through the anchor claw, they cannot be disassembled.

Among them, the outer casing sinks with the roof, and the roadway section generated by the area array laser probe and the single-chip microcomputer also drops accordingly; the deformation of the roof is determined in advance through the steel strand and the optical fiber displacement sensor, and the end face of the roadway is translated according to the deformation determined by the displacement sensor to eliminate the height error between the two monitorings. The area array laser probe is fixed to the explosion-proof casing by bolts, and the drilling depth of the installation hole is set according to the coal seam, and the installation hole goes deep into the stable rock formation. After the wireless collector collects the monitoring information, it deletes the stored information in the single-chip microcomputer.

In addition, the device detects the clearance data of the roadway through the probe, and the data detected by the probe is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer through the line, and stored after being processed. The monitoring data is automatically processed by the single-chip microcomputer for the roadway section, and the collected data of the roadway clearance is integrated and analyzed through the set program. A section diagram is formed at the monitoring distance d1 set in front of the probe. The monitoring distance d1 can be set by the wireless collector. A section is measured twice according to time, and the data of the two measurements are stored separately. When calculating, the overall data of the second measurement is moved by the deformation of the top plate, which is equivalent to moving the second section diagram. The moving distance is the deformation value of the top plate. The deformation amount of each point is stored.

A single monitoring device can complete one measurement and calculation and analysis of multiple sections according to the program settings, but sometimes the measurement accuracy will be affected due to the problem of measurement distance, so it is necessary to install multiple devices to measure and monitor the roadway section. Taking a coal mine in Inner Mongolia as an example, the distance of a single roadway is long, beyond the detection range of a single device. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange multiple probes for a single roadway to collect and analyze data, so as to realize real-time deformation monitoring of the entire roadway section; using this device can realize deformation monitoring in a section of roadway.

The calculation principle of the top plate and the bottom plate is as follows. For any point A on the top plate of the section at a distance of d ₁ in front of the device, the horizontal distance d ₁ and d ₂ can be measured by the device, so the horizontal distance from the measuring point to point A can be calculated It can also measure the slant distance d ₄ from the measuring point to the point to be measured, so the vertical distance of any point A on the roof at the distance d ₁ in front of the roadway at this time can be calculated Measure again at intervals to obtain the deformed vertical distance h ₁ '. Use h=h ₁ -h ₁ ' to obtain the deformation of any point A on the measured section within this time interval. The calculation principle of the bottom plate is similar, refer to the calculation principle of the top plate.

The calculation principle of the two sides is as follows. For any point B on the side of the section at a distance d ₁ in front of the device, the set distance d ₁ in front of the device can be measured by using the device. The device can measure d ₂ at the same time, so the slope distance from the measuring point to the point to be measured can be calculated The device can also measure the slope distance d ₄ from the measuring point to the point to be measured, so it can be calculated Measure again at intervals to obtain the deformed vertical distance d'. Use d _gang =d-d' to get the deformation of any point B on the two gangs of the measured section within the time interval.

The single-chip microcomputer calculates the deformation of the entire section to be measured, gathers it together and stores it. While the single-chip computer is storing the deformation data, it will automatically judge, and if it exceeds the set threshold, it will send a signal to the sound and light warning device, and the sound and light warning device will sound and light alarm after receiving the signal.

The device uses an area array laser probe to express the clearance information of the full section of the roadway through digital signals, and then uses a specific program on the single-chip computer in the device to calculate the roadway section, so as to realize real-time deformation monitoring and early warning of the full section of the roadway; the area array laser probe, single-chip computer, and displacement sensor in the device can be recycled and reused, and the operation is convenient; The amount of deformation is recorded and saved; the method of using the device to monitor the full section of the roadway can allow workers to regularly collect data and perform instrument inspections, which improves the efficiency of monitoring and early warning.

Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present invention should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway, utilizing a device for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of a full-section of a mine roadway, including a wireless collector, an area array laser probe, a signal transmission unit, an early warning unit, a displacement sensor, a single-chip microcomputer, a fixing mechanism and an outer shell; the wireless collector collects and stores monitoring parameters; Shape; the displacement sensor cooperates with the fixing mechanism to measure the deformation of the top plate, and the steel strand of the fixing mechanism is fixed on the top plate through the anchor claw; the signal transmission unit receives the signal of the wireless collector and feeds back the control signal to the single-chip microcomputer, and the early warning unit sends an acousto-optic alarm signal according to the preset threshold value; the steps include: S1. S4. The area array laser probe collects roadway headroom parameters, and stores the data value single-chip computer; S5. The single-chip computer processes the monitoring data to determine the deformation of the roadway section; S6. Calculates the headroom value of the two measurements, determines the deformation of each point in the section within the set time interval, and stores it on the single-chip computer; S7. Uses the wireless collector to collect the deformation value of the roadway section; S8. Into the acousto-optic early warning device, the acousto-optic early warning device will sound and light alarm after receiving the signal; the outer casing sinks with the roof, and the roadway section generated by the area array laser probe and the single-chip microcomputer also drops accordingly; the deformation of the roof is determined in advance through the steel strand and the optical fiber displacement sensor, and the end face of the roadway is translated according to the deformation determined by the displacement sensor to eliminate the height error between the two monitorings. 2. The method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound and light warning of a full section of a mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein said fixing mechanism comprises a steel strand, an anchor claw and a fixed rod, the fixed rod is hollow, and the steel strand passes through the hollow fixed rod to be connected with a take-up box in the housing body, and a steel strand tensioning mechanism is arranged in the take-up box; the anchor claw is fixed at the end of the steel strand. 3. the method for full-section real-time deformation monitoring and sound-light early warning of a kind of mine roadway according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described wireless collector collects the monitoring parameter of a plurality of monitoring points in roadway through wireless signal transmission, realizes signal interaction between wireless collector and each single-chip microcomputer, and controls single-chip microcomputer. 4. The method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound-light early warning of a full section of a mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein the area array laser probe is configured on the outer shell, a power supply is configured in the outer shell, and a display screen is also configured on the outer shell; the power supply supplies power for the area array laser probe, a single-chip microcomputer, a display screen and an early warning unit. 5. The method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound-light early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor is a grating displacement sensor, and the grating displacement sensor cooperates with the steel strand and the take-up box. 6. The method for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of a full section of a mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein the single-chip microcomputer setting program screens each point on the roadway cross-section according to the interval of setting every two monitoring times, and determines the deformation of each point of the roadway through calculation, and converts it into digital information stored in the memory on the single-chip computer; when the deformation exceeds the threshold value set, it will send a signal to the acousto-optic early warning device, and the early warning unit sends an acousto-optic alarm signal. 7. The method for real-time deformation monitoring and acousto-optic early warning of a full section of a mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein the area array laser probe is fixed to the explosion-proof casing shell by bolts, the drilling depth of the installation hole is set according to the coal seam situation, and the installation hole goes deep into the stable rock formation. 8. The method for real-time deformation monitoring and sound-light early warning of the entire section of a mine roadway according to claim 1, wherein the wireless collector deletes the stored information in the single-chip microcomputer after collecting the monitoring information.