CN114247762B - Plate frame piece finish machining method based on internal texture distribution uniformity of pre-stretching aluminum plate - Google Patents
Plate frame piece finish machining method based on internal texture distribution uniformity of pre-stretching aluminum plate Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001683 neutron diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
- B21B38/04—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product for measuring thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/28—Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a plate and frame piece finish machining method based on the uniformity of internal texture distribution of a pre-stretching aluminum plate, which solves the problems of high rejection rate and high cost of the existing polycrystalline material plate and frame piece machining. The method mainly comprises the steps of nondestructive testing of internal textures and distribution thereof of different parts of a pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed, marking of risk areas causing deformation out of tolerance, designing of a plurality of processing paths of processing envelope surfaces, measuring and comparing to obtain the minimum deformation and the processing paths thereof according to different processing paths and sequences of cutting planning after cutting the plate, evaluating whether the deformation out of tolerance and the like, and realizes the optimization of the cutting processing technology. The method of testing, theoretical analysis and actual measurement of the processing deformation is used for solving the problems, so that the trial-and-error cost of labor, financial resources, time and the like can be greatly reduced, and the method has good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of precision machining of metal material workpieces, in particular to a plate frame piece finish machining method adopting a pre-stretched aluminum plate as a raw material.
Background
In the industrial fields of aviation, aerospace and the like, a large number of pretensioned aluminum plates with small stress are adopted for carrying out overall structural design processing on parts, and the problem of stress processing deformation caused by improper residual stress is particularly outstanding because the overall machined part is often weak in rigidity and large in material cutting amount.
The production of the prestretched aluminum plate mainly comprises the following steps: smelting, cogging, rolling, solid solution, prestretching, aging, trimming and the like, wherein strong rolling texture is formed in the process of rolling the aluminum plate. If the rolling process is improper, the internal texture of the part between the plate surface and the central layer of the rolled aluminum plate is extremely unevenly distributed along the thickness, namely, the elastic modulus of the part of the aluminum material is unevenly distributed along the thickness, so that the part of the aluminum material is unevenly and plastically deformed in the subsequent pre-stretching treatment, the residual stress generated in the solution treatment can not be effectively reduced, and larger residual stress exists in the part between the plate surface and the central layer of the pre-stretching aluminum plate, so that the processing deformation of the pre-stretching aluminum plate is out of tolerance easily.
It is well known that residual stresses result from non-uniform plastic deformation of the material. From the study of residual stress and texture inside the prestretched aluminum plate [ J ], precision forming engineering, 2014,06 (5): 50-58', and the like, it is known that the magnitude of the internal residual stress of a pre-stretched aluminum plate is closely related to the non-uniformity of the texture of the pre-stretched aluminum plate, and therefore, the non-uniformity of the distribution of the internal texture of the plate is analyzed through nondestructive detection, and the internal residual stress distribution characteristic can be indirectly characterized.
Because the residual stress and the distribution thereof in the material/workpiece are difficult to be measured nondestructively, the time is long, whether the planned processing path can be processed and deformed is not out of tolerance is difficult to be judged efficiently and at low cost in a short time, and whether the plate to be processed is qualified or not is difficult to be judged in a short time and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a precision machining method evaluation for a polycrystalline material plate based on nondestructive measurement of internal texture, and solves the problems of high plate machining rejection rate and high cost.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The plate frame piece finish machining method based on the internal texture distribution uniformity of the pre-stretching aluminum plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, nondestructively measuring internal textures and distribution of different parts of a pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed;
s2, marking a risk area (hereinafter referred to as a risk area) with severe texture change in the pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed according to the data measured in the step S1;
s3, designing a machining envelope surface of each risk area marked in the whole envelope step S2 on the pre-stretching aluminum plate to be machined according to a product workpiece design drawing, and cutting all the machining envelope surfaces sufficiently to obtain the product workpiece, wherein any machining envelope surface has no intersection with other risk areas or the intersection area is sufficiently small;
s4, according to the internal texture gradient magnitude sequence of the risk area identified in the step S2, arranging and designing different cutting sequences for completely cutting the processing envelope surface in the step S3, and planning to obtain a plurality of different processing paths;
s5, cutting the pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed according to a plurality of different processing paths planned in the step S4, measuring the deformation of the residual plate cut according to each processing path, and comparing to obtain the minimum deformation and the processing path thereof;
s6, cutting a plate: rough machining a workpiece of a cut product (the machining allowance is recommended to be 0.5-5 mm) on the residual plate with the minimum deformation according to a product graph, then finish machining the cut product according to the product graph to obtain a machined plate frame, and measuring the actual deformation of the workpiece of the obtained product;
s7, comparing the actual deformation of the product workpiece measured in the step S6 with the qualified tolerance requirement of the product workpiece, and judging whether the processed product workpiece is qualified or not and whether the processing technology can be implemented or not.
Preferably, in step S1, the internal texture and the distribution thereof of the different parts of the pre-stretched aluminum sheet to be processed are rapidly and nondestructively determined using crystal diffraction methods and techniques.
Preferably, in S2, the internal texture gradient of the risk region is characterized by the relative diffraction intensity gradient of the low-index diffraction crystal planes, i.e. the risk region is identified by the measured relative diffraction intensity variation of the low-index diffraction crystal planes, i.e. the relative diffraction intensity gradient of the low-index diffraction crystal planes. The low index diffraction crystal plane recommends using the slip plane Al (111) crystal plane or slip direction Al (220) of the material.
Preferably, the crystal diffraction method and technique adopts the method and technique disclosed in the patent 'diffraction device and method (201811621809.0) for nondestructively detecting the uniformity of crystal orientation in a workpiece', and can characterize the uniformity of distribution of internal textures at different parts of a pre-stretched aluminum plate by rapidly measuring the diffraction intensity and distribution of selected diffraction crystal faces.
Further, in step S2, the preset value of the relative diffraction intensity gradient is 0.01/mm to 0.06/mm, that is, the relative diffraction intensity variation amount in each 10mm length is 10% to 60%, and the identified relative diffraction intensity gradient in the risk area is greater than or equal to the preset value.
Preferably, the processing technology judgment standard is performed according to the following principle:
in step S7, when the actual deformation of the product workpiece measured in step S6 is less than or equal to the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece, determining that the polycrystalline material plate to be evaluated and the processing path are qualified;
in step S7, when the actual deformation of the product workpiece measured in step S6 is greater than the acceptable tolerance required by the product workpiece, determining that the product workpiece is unacceptable and the selected processing technique is not applicable, and adding the following steps:
s8, the preset value of the internal texture severe change area is redetermined, and the steps S2-S6 are repeated, so that whether the processing technology can be implemented is judged again.
Preferably, after determining that the product workpiece is not acceptable and the selected machining process is not practicable, the risk area is redetermined by sufficiently reducing the preset value of the relative diffraction intensity gradient in the risk area, and steps S2-S6 are repeated to again determine whether the product workpiece is acceptable and the machining process is practicable. And when the product workpiece is judged to be still unqualified again, judging that the batch of pre-stretched aluminum plates cannot process the qualified product workpiece.
In order to rapidly evaluate whether the processing technology can be implemented or not, the method obtains different processing paths according to the principle that the residual stress of the area with good internal texture uniformity and the residual stress of the area with poor internal texture uniformity of the pre-stretching aluminum plate are small, and measures the deformation of the residual plate of each processing path after processing according to the different processing paths, and directly uses the residual plate with the minimum deformation to process a product workpiece; adopting the residual plate with the minimum deformation to process the product workpiece, measuring the actual deformation of the product workpiece, and judging whether the processed product workpiece is qualified or not and whether the processing technology can be implemented or not; if the machining deformation is out of tolerance, the risk area is redetermined by sufficiently reducing the relative diffraction intensity gradient preset value in the risk area, and the steps S2-S6 are repeated to judge whether the product workpiece is qualified or not and whether the machining process can be implemented or not again; and if the product workpieces are still unqualified again, judging that the batch of pre-stretched aluminum plates cannot process the qualified product workpieces, and accordingly determining the optimal processing path quickly and efficiently at low cost and judging that the batch of pre-stretched aluminum plates cannot process the qualified product workpieces.
It should be noted that: referring to the concept of "sufficient" in mathematics, in this patent, "or" sufficient "in making the intersection area sufficiently small" means that the intersection area is as small as possible on the premise that the workpiece of the product of the desired size can be processed, and "the" sufficient "in the risk area is redetermined by sufficiently reducing the preset value of the relative diffraction intensity gradient in the risk area" means that the risk area is still small enough to be redetermined so that the workpiece of the product of the desired size can be processed.
More preferably, the nondestructive measurement method of the internal texture distribution uniformity is selected from a short wavelength X-ray characteristic diffraction method, a hard X-ray diffraction method of high-energy synchrotron radiation, a neutron diffraction method and other crystal diffraction methods with strong penetrability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) According to the method, the change intensity of the internal texture distribution of the pre-stretching aluminum plate to be processed is detected in a nondestructive mode, the risk areas are determined and marked, a plurality of different processing paths are obtained through arrangement planning, the deformation of the residual plate cut according to each processing path is measured respectively, a workpiece of a cut product is roughly processed according to a product graph (the processing allowance is recommended to be 0.5-5 mm) on the residual plate with the minimum deformation, then the cut product is finely processed according to the product graph, and the like, and the processing paths meeting the requirements are found.
(2) The method has the advantages of high efficiency and simple application, the combination of testing and actually measured processing deformation is creatively adopted to find the optimal processing path, the product workpiece processed by the method can ensure the optimal actual product performance to the greatest extent, the rejection rate is obviously reduced, the cost is reduced, the dimensional accuracy of the product is ensured and improved, hidden danger caused by processing deformation is reduced, and the trial-and-error cost of labor, financial resources, time and the like is greatly reduced.
(3) The method has guiding significance for the improvement of the production process for reducing the residual stress in the pre-stretched aluminum plate, can be widely applied to the comparison and evaluation of the quality of the pre-stretched aluminum plate inspected by different manufacturers, has great significance especially for the quality and the rapid optimization processing process of a large amount of raw material plates which are required to be rapidly and cheaply evaluated by raw material plate manufacturers, is beneficial to improving the quality control capability of the raw material plates, and can also more accurately buy the raw material plates with more suitable quality for users who need to precisely process the raw material plates, and avoid the waste of unqualified plates; for a product processing user, the raw material plate can be precisely processed according to the processing path determined by the evaluation method, so that unnecessary plate waste caused by disqualification due to 'collision air type' processing of the plate can be better avoided, and a large amount of time and economic cost are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow diagram of the pre-stretched aluminum sheet finishing process of the present invention based on internal texture non-destructive testing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the sheet cutting path of the L-shaped product workpiece of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the sheet cutting path of the L-shaped product workpiece of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the sheet cutting path of the L-shaped product workpiece of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the sheet cutting path of the L-shaped product workpiece of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the risk areas identified on the pre-stretched aluminum sheet of example 3 and example 4 processed cylindrical product workpieces and their cutting paths;
FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic of the risk areas identified on the pre-stretched aluminum sheet of example 3 and example 4 processed cylindrical product workpieces and their cutting paths;
fig. 8 is a schematic top view of the cutting paths of example 3 and example 4 for cutting cylindrical product workpieces on pre-stretched aluminum plates.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. The following examples are provided only to aid in understanding the principles of the present invention and its core ideas and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in this art and would fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The nondestructive testing method of the internal texture uniformity degree and the distribution of the plate comprises, but is not limited to, a short-wavelength X-ray characteristic diffraction method (see documents Zheng Lin, vehicle road length, zhang Jin and the like, research on the internal residual stress and grain orientation uniformity of a pre-stretched aluminum plate [ J ], precision forming engineering, 2014, 6 (5): 9; zheng Lin, dou Shitao, he Changguang and the like, a diffraction device and a nondestructive testing method of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece, and patent application number 201811621809.0); zheng Lin, zhang Jin, he Changguang, etc., a short wavelength X-ray diffraction method, a neutron diffraction method, etc., a precision forming process, 2011 (2): 6, etc., a high energy synchrotron radiation method, etc. Such methods are well known to those skilled in the art and can be performed with reference to descriptions of other similar references in addition to those listed in the present invention without affecting the practice of the present invention.
The to-be-processed polycrystalline material plate comprises, but is not limited to, a prestretched aluminum plate, and is used for workpieces in the precision machining fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. These sheets to be evaluated are well known to those skilled in the art as mature products that are routinely available, precision work pieces, tolerance requirements therefor, and the like. In addition to the references listed in this invention, other references may be made without affecting the practice of the invention.
In addition, the interval time of each cutting process is required to meet the general specification requirements of the aluminum cutting process, and is not described in detail herein.
The 3 embodiments take the processing of pre-stretched aluminum alloy plates as an example, and the method can be used for other metal plates which reduce the residual stress in the plates through uniform plastic deformation for the precise cutting processing of plate frame pieces, and can inhibit the processing deformation from exceeding the tolerance.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2-3, in this embodiment, an L-shaped plate frame member is formed by using a pre-stretched aluminum plate with a thickness of 2024-T351 40mm, the L-shaped plate frame member has a length of 200mm (in the rolling direction of the rolled plate, i.e., RD direction), a long side thereof is 36mm in the transverse direction of the rolled plate (i.e., TD direction), a short side thereof is 12mm in the thickness direction of the rolled plate (i.e., ND direction), the thickness of the plate frame member has a wall thickness of 3mm, and the required dimensional passing tolerance is ±0.05mm, and the finishing method according to the present invention is performed as follows:
the specific process of the invention is as follows:
s1, measuring the internal texture uniformity of different parts of a polycrystalline material plate to be evaluated by a short-wavelength characteristic X-ray diffraction method, wherein the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray is WK alpha, and a sliding surface (111) crystal face of a sliding system is selected as a diffraction crystal face, and the nondestructive testing method of the internal texture uniformity of the plate and the distribution thereof is mainly referred to a literature diffraction device and a nondestructive testing method of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece;
s2, analyzing the characteristics of internal texture distribution of the plate according to the data measured in the step S1, setting a preset value of relative diffraction intensity gradient to be 0.05/mm, and marking a region with the relative diffraction intensity gradient larger than 0.05/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, wherein the risk region 1 exists as shown in fig. 2 and 3;
s3, designing a machining envelope surface of the risk area 1 marked in the complete envelope step S2 on the plate according to a product workpiece design drawing, and cutting the machining envelope surface to obtain the product workpiece without intersection of the machining envelope surface and other risk areas 1;
s4, sorting according to the uniformity degree of the internal texture severe change areas identified in the step S2, and cutting the machining envelope surface plan in the step S3 to obtain 1 machining path 2;
s5, cutting a plate: cutting a plate according to the machining path 2 of the risk area planned in the step S4, wherein a cutting risk area part 3 is arranged between the risk area 1 and the machining path 2, the machining deformation of the polycrystalline material plate cut according to the machining path 2 is measured, and the deformation of the residual plate is measured to be 0.2mm;
s6, cutting a product workpiece: on the residual plate, firstly roughly machining a product workpiece according to a product graph, recommending the machining allowance to be 0.5mm, then cutting a product part cutting part 5 according to a product graph finish machining path 4 to obtain a machined L-shaped plate frame 6, and measuring the actual deformation of the L-shaped plate frame 6 to be +/-0.04 mm;
the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece is +/-0.05 mm, the actual machining deformation is smaller than the tolerance required by the product workpiece, and the pre-stretched aluminum plate is judged to be machined according to the machining path, so that the qualified product workpiece can be obtained.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4-5, in this embodiment, an L-shaped plate frame member is formed by using a pre-stretched aluminum plate with a thickness of 2024-T351 40mm, the L-shaped plate frame member has a length of 200mm (in the roll direction of the rolled plate, i.e., RD direction), a long side thereof is 36mm in the transverse direction of the rolled plate (i.e., TD direction), a short side thereof is 36mm in the thickness direction of the rolled plate (i.e., ND direction), the thickness of the plate frame member has a wall thickness of 3mm, and the required dimensional tolerance is ±0.10mm, and the finishing method according to the present invention is performed as follows:
the specific process of the invention is as follows:
s1, measuring the internal texture uniformity of different parts of a polycrystalline material plate to be evaluated by a short-wavelength characteristic X-ray diffraction method, wherein the short-wavelength characteristic X-ray is AuK alpha, and selecting a sliding surface (111) crystal plane of a sliding system as a diffraction crystal plane, wherein a nondestructive testing method for the internal texture uniformity of the plate and the distribution thereof mainly refers to a literature diffraction device and a nondestructive testing method for the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece;
s2, analyzing the characteristics of internal texture distribution of the plate according to the data measured in the step S1, setting a preset value of relative diffraction intensity gradient to be 0.06/mm, and marking a region with the relative diffraction intensity gradient larger than 0.06/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, wherein the risk region 7 exists as shown in fig. 4 and 5;
s3, designing a machining envelope surface of the risk area 7 marked in the complete envelope step S2 on the plate according to a product workpiece design drawing, and cutting the machining envelope surface sufficiently to obtain the product workpiece, wherein the intersection of the machining envelope surface and the risk area 7 is minimized;
s4, cutting the machining envelope surface plan of the step S3 to obtain 1 machining path 8 according to the uniformity degree sequence of the internal texture severe change areas marked in the step S2;
s5, cutting a plate: cutting the plate according to the machining path 8 of the risk area planned in the step S4, wherein a cutting risk area part 9 is arranged between the risk area 7 and the machining path 8, different machining deformation amounts of the polycrystalline material plate cut according to the machining path 8 are measured, and the deformation amount of the residual plate is measured to be 0.3mm;
s6, cutting a product workpiece: roughly machining a workpiece of a product according to a product diagram, wherein machining allowance is recommended to be 1mm, cutting a product part cutting part 11 according to a product diagram finish machining path 10 to obtain a machined L-shaped plate frame 12, and measuring the actual deformation of the L-shaped plate frame 12 to be +/-0.12 mm;
the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece is +/-0.10 mm, the actual machining deformation is larger than the tolerance required by the product workpiece, and the fact that the pre-stretched aluminum plate can not be machined according to the machining path is judged.
And the following steps are added:
s8, re-determining a preset value of 0.04/mm, marking a region with a relative diffraction intensity gradient of more than 0.04/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, repeating the steps S2-S6, and measuring the deformation of the residual plate to be 0.25mm; and (3) roughly machining a workpiece of a product on the residual plate according to a product diagram, wherein the machining allowance is recommended to be 0.5mm, then finely machining the machined product according to the product diagram to obtain a machined plate frame, measuring the actual deformation of the workpiece of the product to be +/-0.08 mm, which is smaller than the qualified tolerance required by the workpiece of the product to be +/-0.10 mm, and judging that the pre-stretched aluminum plate can be machined according to the machining path to obtain the qualified workpiece of the product.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, in this embodiment, a cylindrical plate frame member is formed by using a 150mm thick 7050-T7451 pre-stretched aluminum plate, the cylindrical plate frame member is 30mm high (in the thickness direction of the rolled plate, i.e., ND direction), its circular cross section is parallel to the rolling surface (i.e., the plane formed by the rolling direction ND and the transverse direction TD), the diameter of the outer circle is 203mm, the diameter of the inner circle is 200mm, i.e., the wall thickness of the cylindrical plate frame member is 3mm, and the required dimensional tolerance is ±0.08mm, and the finishing method according to the present invention is performed as follows:
the specific process of the invention is as follows:
s1, measuring the internal texture uniformity of different parts of a polycrystalline material plate to be evaluated by a neutron diffraction method, and selecting a (220) crystal face representing the sliding direction of a sliding system as a diffraction crystal face, wherein the nondestructive testing method of the internal texture uniformity and distribution of the plate is mainly referred to a literature diffraction device and a nondestructive testing method of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece;
s2, analyzing the characteristics of internal texture distribution of the plate according to the data measured in the step S1, setting a preset value of relative diffraction intensity gradient to be 0.06/mm, and marking a region with the relative diffraction intensity gradient larger than 0.06/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, wherein 2 risk regions, namely a risk region A13 and a risk region B14, exist as shown in fig. 6 and 7;
s3, designing a machining envelope surface of a risk area A13 and a risk area B14 marked in a complete envelope step S2 on the plate according to a product workpiece design drawing, and cutting the machining envelope surface sufficiently to obtain the product workpiece without intersection of the machining envelope surface and the risk area A13 and the risk area B14, wherein the thicknesses of an I area 15, an II area 16 and a III area 17 are 35mm, 40mm and 35mm respectively;
s4, cutting the processing envelope surface arrangement in the step S3 according to the uniformity degree sequence of the risk areas A13 and B14 identified in the step S2 to obtain a processing path A18 and a processing path B19;
s5, cutting a plate: cutting the plate according to the processing path A18 and the processing path B19 planned in the step S4, measuring different processing deformation amounts of the polycrystalline material plate cut according to the processing path A18 and the processing path B19, and measuring the deformation amounts of the residual plate to be 0.35mm and 0.50mm respectively;
s6, cutting a product workpiece: on the residual plate material with the minimum deformation of 0.35mm, firstly roughly machining a workpiece of a product according to a product graph, recommending the machining allowance to be 1mm, then cutting the product according to a product graph finish machining path 20 to obtain a machined cylindrical plate frame piece 21, and measuring the actual deformation of the obtained cylindrical plate frame piece 21 to be +/-0.16 mm;
the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece is +/-0.10 mm, the actual machining deformation is larger than the tolerance required by the product workpiece, and the fact that the pre-stretched aluminum plate can not be machined according to the machining path is judged.
And the following steps are added:
s8, re-determining a preset value of 0.04/mm, marking a region with a relative diffraction intensity gradient of more than 0.04/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, repeating the steps S2-S6, and measuring the deformation of 2 residual plates to be 0.25mm and 0.35mm respectively; on the residual plate material with the deformation of 0.22mm, firstly, roughly machining a product workpiece according to a product graph, wherein the machining allowance is recommended to be 0.5mm, then, finely machining the machined product according to the product graph to obtain a machined plate frame, measuring the actual deformation of the obtained product workpiece to be +/-0.07 mm, which is smaller than the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece to be +/-0.08 mm, and judging that the pre-tensioned aluminum plate can be machined according to the machining path to obtain the qualified product workpiece.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, in this embodiment, a cylindrical plate frame member is formed by using a 150mm thick 7050-T7451 pre-stretched aluminum plate, the cylindrical plate frame member has a height of 135mm (in the thickness direction of the rolled plate, i.e., ND direction), a circular cross section parallel to the rolled surface (i.e., the plane formed by the rolled direction ND and the transverse direction TD), an outer diameter of 203mm, and an inner diameter of 200mm, i.e., the cylindrical plate frame member has a wall thickness of 3mm, and the required dimensional tolerance is ±0.08mm, and the finishing method according to the present invention is performed as follows:
the specific process of the invention is as follows:
s1, measuring the internal texture uniformity of different parts of a polycrystalline material plate to be evaluated by a neutron diffraction method, and selecting a (220) crystal face representing the sliding direction of a sliding system as a diffraction crystal face, wherein the nondestructive testing method of the internal texture uniformity and distribution of the plate is mainly referred to a literature diffraction device and a nondestructive testing method of the internal crystal orientation uniformity of a workpiece;
s2, analyzing the characteristics of internal texture distribution of the plate according to the data measured in the step S1, setting a preset value of relative diffraction intensity gradient to be 0.06/mm, and marking a region with the relative diffraction intensity gradient larger than 0.06/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, wherein 2 risk regions, namely a risk region A13 and a risk region B14, exist as shown in fig. 6 and 7;
s3, designing a machining envelope surface of a risk area A13 and a risk area B14 marked in a complete envelope step S2 on the plate according to a product workpiece design drawing, and cutting the machining envelope surface to obtain the product workpiece, wherein the intersection of the machining envelope surface and the risk area A13 and the risk area B14 is as small as possible, namely the circular cross section of the cylindrical plate frame is parallel to the plate surface;
s4, cutting the processing envelope surface arrangement in the step S3 according to the uniformity degree sequence of the internal texture severe change areas marked in the step S2 to obtain a processing path A18 and a processing path B19;
s5, cutting a plate: cutting the processed plate according to the processing path A18 and the processing path B19 planned in the step S4, measuring different processing deformation of the polycrystalline material plate cut according to the processing path A18 and the processing path B19, and measuring the deformation of the residual plate to be 0.45mm;
s6, cutting a product workpiece: on the rest plate materials, firstly roughly machining and cutting a product workpiece according to a product graph, wherein the machining allowance is recommended to be 1mm, then cutting a product according to a product graph finish machining path 20 to obtain a machined cylindrical plate frame piece 21, and measuring the actual deformation of the obtained cylindrical plate frame piece 21 to be +/-0.18 mm;
the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece is +/-0.08 mm, the actual machining deformation is larger than the tolerance required by the product workpiece, and the fact that the pre-stretched aluminum plate can not be machined according to the machining path is judged.
And the following steps are added:
s8, re-determining a preset value which is sufficiently small to be 0.03/mm, marking a region with a relative diffraction intensity gradient larger than 0.03/mm as an internal texture change severe region, namely a risk region, repeating the steps S2-S6, and measuring the deformation of 2 residual plates to be 0.32mm; on the surplus sheet material, firstly rough machining the product workpiece according to the product graph, wherein the machining allowance is recommended to be 0.5mm, then finish machining the machined product according to the product graph to obtain a machined plate frame piece, and measuring the actual deformation of the obtained product workpiece to be +/-1.03 mm which is larger than the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece to be +/-0.08 mm, so that the pre-tensioned aluminum plate is judged to be incapable of being machined to obtain the qualified product workpiece, and the pre-tensioned aluminum plate with more uniformly distributed textures is required to be replaced as the cylindrical plate frame piece to be machined to obtain the qualified product workpiece.
Claims (7)
1. The plate frame piece finish machining method based on the uniformity of the internal texture distribution of the pre-stretching aluminum plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, nondestructively measuring internal textures and distribution of different parts of a pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed;
s2, marking a risk area with severe internal texture change of the pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed according to the data measured in the step S1; in the step S2, a risk area of the pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed is identified according to a preset value of the relative diffraction intensity gradient of the low-index crystal face of the aluminum material; in step S2, the preset value of the relative diffraction intensity gradient is 0.01/mm-0.06/mm, namely the relative diffraction intensity variation amount of each 10mm length is 10% -60%, and the identified relative diffraction intensity gradient in the risk area is larger than or equal to the preset value;
s3, designing a machining envelope surface of each risk area marked in the whole envelope step S2 on the pre-stretching aluminum plate to be machined according to a product workpiece design drawing, and cutting all the machining envelope surfaces sufficiently to obtain the product workpiece, wherein any machining envelope surface has no intersection with other risk areas or the intersection area is sufficiently small;
s4, according to the internal texture gradient magnitude sequence of the risk area identified in the step S2, arranging and designing different cutting sequences for completely cutting the processing envelope surface in the step S3, and planning to obtain a plurality of different processing paths;
s5, cutting the pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed according to a plurality of different processing paths planned in the step S4, measuring the deformation of the residual plate cut according to each processing path, and comparing to obtain the minimum deformation and the processing path thereof;
s6, cutting a plate: rough machining a workpiece of a cut product according to a product graph on a residual plate with the minimum deformation, recommending machining allowance to be 0.5-5 mm, then finish machining the cut product according to the product graph to obtain a machined plate frame, and measuring the actual deformation of the workpiece of the obtained product;
s7, comparing the actual deformation of the product workpiece measured in the step S6 with the qualified tolerance requirement of the product workpiece, and judging whether the processed product workpiece is qualified or not and whether the processing technology can be implemented or not.
2. The method for finishing the plate frame piece based on the uniformity of the internal texture distribution of the pre-stretched aluminum plate, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step S1, the internal textures and the distribution of different parts of the pre-stretched aluminum plate to be processed are rapidly and nondestructively measured by adopting a crystal diffraction method and technology.
3. The method for finishing the plate frame piece based on the uniformity of the internal texture distribution of the pre-stretched aluminum plate according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in step S2, the recommended Al low-index crystal plane is the slip plane (111) crystal plane or the slip direction (220) crystal plane of its slip system.
4. A sheet frame finishing method based on uniformity of internal texture distribution of a pre-stretched aluminum sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
in step S6, when the actual deformation of the processed product workpiece measured in step S6 is smaller than or equal to the qualified tolerance required by the product workpiece, judging that the product workpiece is qualified and the selected processing technology can be implemented;
in step S6, when the actual deformation of the machined product workpiece measured in step S6 is greater than the acceptable tolerance required by the product workpiece, determining that the product workpiece is unacceptable and the selected machining process is not practicable, and adding the following steps:
s8, re-determining the preset value and the risk area, and repeating the steps S2-S6, and judging whether the product workpiece is qualified or not and whether the processing technology can be implemented or not again.
5. The method for finishing the plate frame piece based on the uniformity of the internal texture distribution of the pre-stretched aluminum plate, as recited in claim 4, is characterized in that: and (2) after judging that the product workpiece is unqualified and the selected machining process is not practicable, re-determining the risk area by sufficiently reducing the preset value of the relative diffraction intensity gradient in the risk area, and repeating the steps (S2-S6), and judging whether the product workpiece is qualified and whether the machining process is practicable again.
6. The method for finishing a sheet frame based on uniformity of texture distribution inside a pre-stretched aluminum sheet according to claim 5, wherein when it is again determined that the product pieces are still unacceptable, it is determined that the batch of pre-stretched aluminum sheets is not capable of processing acceptable product pieces.
7. -method for finishing a sheet frame based on the uniformity of the distribution of the internal texture of a pre-stretched aluminum sheet according to any of claims 1 to 3 or 5 to 6, characterized in that said method for the nondestructive determination of the uniformity of the internal texture is chosen from short wavelength X-ray characteristic diffractometry, hard X-ray diffractometry with high-energy synchrotron radiation, neutron diffractometry.
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