CN114243297B - A compact dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array for millimeter-wave beam scanning - Google Patents
A compact dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array for millimeter-wave beam scanning Download PDFInfo
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- CN114243297B CN114243297B CN202111334077.9A CN202111334077A CN114243297B CN 114243297 B CN114243297 B CN 114243297B CN 202111334077 A CN202111334077 A CN 202111334077A CN 114243297 B CN114243297 B CN 114243297B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种应用于毫米波波束扫描的紧凑的双频双极化天线阵列。所述天线阵列包括多于两个的偶数个直线排列的双频±45°双极化天线单元；双频±45°双极化天线单元包括从上至下的顶层介质基片、中间层介质基片和底层介质基片；顶层介质基片上表面设置第一金属环贴片和四个寄生金属带，四个寄生金属带分别设置在第一金属环贴片四周；顶层介质基片和中间层介质基片之间设置有第二金属环贴片；底层介质基片上设置两个L型枝节耦合馈电结构；底层介质基片下表面设置有金属地板。本发明天线单元的带宽能够覆盖5G毫米波n257～n261频段，而天线阵列具有体积小、双频和对称的双极化波束扫描的特性，能够很好地应用于毫米波波束扫描。
The present invention discloses a compact dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning. The antenna array includes more than two even-numbered dual-frequency ±45° dual-polarization antenna units arranged in a straight line; the dual-frequency ±45° dual-polarization antenna unit includes a top dielectric substrate, an intermediate dielectric substrate, and a bottom dielectric substrate from top to bottom; a first metal ring patch and four parasitic metal strips are arranged on the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate, and the four parasitic metal strips are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch; a second metal ring patch is arranged between the top dielectric substrate and the intermediate dielectric substrate; two L-shaped branch coupling feeding structures are arranged on the bottom dielectric substrate; and a metal floor is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom dielectric substrate. The bandwidth of the antenna unit of the present invention can cover the 5G millimeter wave n257~n261 frequency band, and the antenna array has the characteristics of small size, dual frequency and symmetrical dual-polarization beam scanning, and can be well applied to millimeter wave beam scanning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array antennas, in particular to a compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning.
Background
With the development of fifth-generation communication, millimeter wave antennas have attracted tremendous research interest. For various applications of millimeter wave antennas, many studies have been made by students. Millimeter wave antennas are well known to operate in the 30-300GHz band. The millimeter wave band has the advantages of short response time, rich spectrum resources and the like, but also has larger path loss and attenuation. Thus, millimeter wave antennas face some challenges. First, since the propagation path loss of millimeter waves and the multipath fading effect are large, it is necessary to employ a dual polarized antenna array. Second, in order to increase coverage, dual polarized antenna arrays with wide angle scanning capability are required. Furthermore, in order to cover the frequency band of 5G communication, a broadband or dual-frequency dual-polarized phased antenna array needs to be employed. Finally, in order to enable a wide-band or dual-band array antenna to have a large scan angle, the existence of grating lobes needs to be suppressed, so the array element spacing should be small enough, and miniaturized antenna elements should be employed. It is therefore very significant to design a compact dual frequency + -45 deg. dual polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning.
The prior art has been investigated and understood as follows:
In the journal of 2021, "IEEE ACCESS", yuqi He, publication entitled "A Compact Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Beam Scanning Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Terminals" proposes a miniaturized dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array applied to 5G millimeter wave beam scanning, where the units in the antenna array implement dual frequencies through double-layer metal patches, the bottom large patch generates a low-frequency resonance point, the upper small patch generates a high-frequency resonance point and parasitic metal strips around the high-frequency resonance point generate additional high-frequency resonance points, and a broadband is implemented through a probe coupling feed technology. However, the antenna unit cannot completely cover the frequency range from n257 to n261 of the 5G millimeter wave, and the unit size is still large, so that the working bandwidth needs to be further widened and the size of the antenna unit needs to be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a compact dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna array applied to millimeter wave beam scanning. The antenna array adopts four antenna units which are symmetrically and linearly arranged, and the antenna units adopt double-loop patch antennas with L-shaped branch coupling feeding to realize double-broadband, and the dual-polarization isolation degree of high frequency is improved by adding parasitic metal strips around the upper layer of large metal loop patch. The antenna unit simultaneously realizes the characteristics of miniaturization, double frequency and + -45 DEG dual polarization, the bandwidth can cover the frequency range of n 257-n 261 of 5G millimeter waves, and the antenna array realizes the characteristics of miniaturization, double frequency and symmetrical dual polarization scanning.
The object of the invention is achieved by at least one of the following technical solutions.
A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning comprises more than two even number of dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna units which are arranged in a straight line;
The dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a top layer dielectric substrate, a middle layer dielectric substrate and a bottom layer dielectric substrate from top to bottom;
The upper surface of the top layer medium substrate is provided with a first metal ring patch and four parasitic metal strips, the four parasitic metal strips are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch, a second metal ring patch is arranged between the top layer medium substrate and the middle layer medium substrate, the bottom layer medium substrate is provided with two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures, each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line arranged on the upper surface of the bottom layer medium substrate and a metal via hole communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate, and the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate is provided with a metal floor.
Further, the top dielectric substrate, the middle dielectric substrate and the bottom dielectric substrate are all made of Rogers RO4350B, and the thicknesses of the two dielectric substrates are respectively 0.2mm, 0.2mm and 0.76mm.
Further, the first metal ring patch is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate, and the second metal ring patch is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate and the lower surface of the top dielectric substrate.
Further, the first metal ring patch and the second metal ring patch are both centrosymmetric rings, including circular rings and square rings, and the outer ring of the second metal ring patch is smaller than the outer ring of the first metal ring patch.
Further, the shape of the parasitic metal strip includes trapezoid and rectangle.
Further, in the dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit, in order to realize the same beam scanning characteristic of dual polarization in the antenna array, the placement positions of the two metal microstrip lines are + -45 DEG, and the angles formed by the extension lines at the two ends of the metal microstrip lines are 90 DEG;
one inward end of each of the two metal microstrip lines on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate is respectively positioned below the second metal ring patch;
one outward ends of the two metal microstrip lines on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate are respectively positioned below the outer ring of the first metal ring patch.
Further, one end of the metal via hole is connected with one outward end of the metal microstrip line, and the other end of the metal via hole is connected with the metal floor.
Further, when more than two even number of dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna units are arranged in a straight line to form a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, L-branch coupling feed structures in all the dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna units are symmetrical with respect to an array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array and are symmetrical with respect to a normal direction of the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. Compared with the antenna unit in the existing millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, the antenna unit of the invention adopts the double-loop patch antenna with parasitic patch and L-shaped branch coupling feed, and has the characteristics of smaller volume and wider bandwidth of double frequencies. The bandwidth can cover the frequency range of 5G millimeter waves n 257-n 261, the antenna size is 2.5mm multiplied by 1.16mm, and the antenna array size is 13.9mm multiplied by 2.5mm multiplied by 1.16mm, so that the antenna array size is smaller than the existing antenna array size.
2. Compared with the existing millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, the antenna array provided by the invention is formed by arranging four compact dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna units in a symmetrical straight line, and has symmetrical dual-polarized scanning characteristics.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an overall view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation results of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of gain of an antenna unit in an broadside direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows an antenna element polarized at +45° at 27GHz in an embodiment of the invention,Schematic of radiation pattern simulation results.
FIG. 8 shows an antenna element polarized at 39GHz with +45° in an embodiment of the invention,Schematic of radiation pattern simulation results.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of S-parameter simulation results of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a scan pattern of an antenna array +45° polarization at 27GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of a scan pattern of an antenna array +45° polarization at 39GHz in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples:
a compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, comprises four dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna units which are symmetrically and linearly arranged;
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna unit includes a top dielectric substrate a, a middle dielectric substrate b, and a bottom dielectric substrate c from top to bottom;
The upper surface of the top layer medium substrate a is provided with a first metal ring patch 1 and four parasitic metal strips 3, the four parasitic metal strips 3 are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch 1, a second metal ring patch 2 is arranged between the top layer medium substrate a and the middle layer medium substrate b, the bottom layer medium substrate c is provided with two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures, each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line 4 arranged on the upper surface of the bottom layer medium substrate c and a metal via hole 5 communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate c, and the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate c is provided with a metal floor 6.
The L-shaped branch coupling feed structure is used for generating a high-frequency resonance point by adding the second metal ring patch 2 between the first metal ring patch 1 and the L-shaped branch coupling feed structure, so that not only is the additional high-frequency resonance point introduced, but also the high-frequency impedance matching is effectively improved, the high-frequency impedance bandwidth is increased, and the high-frequency directional diagram performance is improved. Finally, four parasitic metal strips 3 are introduced around the first metal ring patch 1, so that the polarization isolation of the high frequency of the dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit is improved.
In this example, the materials of the top dielectric substrate a, the middle dielectric substrate B and the bottom dielectric substrate c are Rogers RO4350B, which has a relative dielectric constant of 3.48, a loss tangent of 0.0037, and thicknesses of 0.2mm, 0.2mm and 0.76mm, respectively.
The first metal ring patch 1 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate a, and the second metal ring patch 2 is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate b and the lower surface of the top dielectric substrate a.
The first metal ring patch 1 and the second metal ring patch 2 are both centrosymmetric rings, including circular rings and square rings, and the outer ring of the second metal ring patch 2 is smaller than the outer ring of the first metal ring patch 1.
In this embodiment, in order to improve the dual polarization isolation of high frequencies, the shape of the parasitic metal strap 3 is trapezoidal, and in order to obtain better matching performance, the short sides of the four parasitic metal straps 3 face the first metal ring patch 1.
Further, in the dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit, in order to realize the same beam scanning characteristic of dual polarization in the antenna array, the placement positions of the two metal microstrip lines 4 are + -45 DEG, and the angles formed by the extension lines of the two ends are 90 DEG;
one inward ends of two metal microstrip lines 4 on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate c are respectively positioned below the second metal ring patch 2;
one outward ends of the two metal microstrip lines 4 on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate c are respectively positioned below the outer ring of the first metal ring patch 1.
One end of the metal via hole 5 is connected with one outward end of the metal microstrip line 4, and the other end is connected with the metal floor 6.
In this embodiment, the L-branch coupling feed structure in the four dual-frequency ±45° dual-polarized antenna units is symmetrical with respect to the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, and is symmetrical with respect to the normal direction of the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array.
After the size parameters of each part of the millimeter wave compact dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit are adjusted, verification simulation is carried out on the millimeter wave compact dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit of the embodiment through HFSS software simulation, in the embodiment, the size of the dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit is 2.5mm multiplied by 1.16mm, and the size of the antenna array is 13.9mm multiplied by 2.5mm multiplied by 1.16mm. As shown in fig. 5, a curve of S-parameter simulation results of the dual-frequency ±45° dual-polarized antenna element is given. The working frequency band of the dual-frequency + -45-degree dual-polarized antenna unit is 24.22 to 30.5GHz and 36.82 to 45GHz, and the bandwidth can cover the frequency band of n 257-n 261 of 5G millimeter waves. As shown in fig. 6, a gain simulation curve of the dual-frequency ±45° dual-polarized antenna element in the side-firing direction is given. Between 5.4 and 6.5dBi for low frequency gain and between 6 and 7.6dBi for frequency gain. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, radiation pattern simulation results of +45° polarization at 27GHz and 39GHz of the dual-frequency ±45° dual-polarized antenna unit are respectively given. It can be seen that the polarization is-20 dB at the low frequency and-16 dB at the high frequency.
As shown in fig. 9, a curve of S-parameter simulation results of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention is given. The operating frequency band of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the invention is from 24.5 to 29.3GHz and from 37.5 to 45GHz. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the scan simulation results of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array +45° polarization at 27GHz and 39GHz are respectively given. It can be seen that the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array of the present invention has a scanning angle of + -58 deg. at low frequencies and + -32 deg. at high frequencies. Simulation results show that the dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit simultaneously realizes the characteristics of miniaturization, dual-frequency and + -45 DEG dual polarization, and the bandwidth can cover the frequency range of n 257-n 261 of 5G millimeter waves, while the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array has the advantages of small volume, dual-frequency, symmetrical dual-polarization scanning performance, and can be well applied to 5G millimeter wave mobile terminals.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so variations in shape and principles of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (10)
1. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning, characterized by comprising more than two even number of dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna units arranged in a straight line;
The dual-frequency + -45 DEG dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a top layer dielectric substrate (a), a middle layer dielectric substrate (b) and a bottom layer dielectric substrate (c) from top to bottom;
The upper surface of the top layer medium substrate (a) is provided with a first metal ring patch (1) and four parasitic metal strips (3), the four parasitic metal strips (3) are respectively arranged around the first metal ring patch (1), a second metal ring patch (2) is arranged between the top layer medium substrate (a) and the middle layer medium substrate (b), the bottom layer medium substrate (c) is provided with two L-shaped branch coupling feed structures, each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line (4) arranged on the upper surface of the bottom layer medium substrate (c) and a metal via hole (5) communicated with the upper surface and the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate (c), the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate (c) is provided with a metal floor (6), a second metal ring patch is added between the first metal ring patch and the L-shaped branch coupling feed structure, four parasitic metal strips are introduced around the first metal ring patch, the first metal ring patch is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the top layer medium substrate, the second metal ring is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the top layer medium substrate and the lower surface of the top layer medium substrate, each L-shaped branch coupling feed structure comprises a metal microstrip line (4) arranged on the upper surface and a center of the lower surface of the bottom layer medium substrate, the first metal ring and the second metal ring is a metal ring patch is a metal microstrip line (5) arranged on the inner surface of the lower end of the first metal ring patch and the second metal ring patch is positioned at one end of the second microstrip line (2) and the second metal ring patch is positioned outside the microstrip line, the other end is connected with the metal floor.
2. The compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning of claim 1, wherein the materials of the top dielectric substrate (a), the middle dielectric substrate (B) and the bottom dielectric substrate (c) are Rogers RO4350B.
3. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the top dielectric substrate (a), the middle dielectric substrate (b) and the bottom dielectric substrate (c) is 0.2mm, 0.2mm and 0.76mm, respectively.
4. The compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning of claim 1, wherein the first metal ring patch (1) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the top dielectric substrate (a), and the second metal ring patch (2) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the middle dielectric substrate (b) and the lower surface of the top dielectric substrate (a).
5. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 1, characterized in that the first metal loop patch (1) and the second metal loop patch (2) are both centrally symmetrical loops, including circular and square loops, and the outer loop of the second metal loop patch (2) is smaller than the outer loop of the first metal loop patch (1).
6. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 5, characterized in that the shape of the parasitic metal strip (3) comprises trapezoids and rectangles.
7. The compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning of claim 5, wherein the inward ends of the two metal microstrip lines (4) on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate (c) are respectively positioned below the second metal ring patch (2);
one outward ends of two metal microstrip lines (4) on the upper surface of the bottom dielectric substrate (c) are respectively positioned below the outer ring of the first metal ring patch (1).
8. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 7, characterized in that the two metal microstrip lines (4) are placed at ±45° and the extension lines at both ends thereof form an angle of 90 °.
9. A compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning according to claim 8, characterized in that one end of the metal via (5) is connected to the outward end of the metal microstrip line (4), and the other end is connected to the metal floor (6).
10. The compact dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array for millimeter wave beam scanning of any one of claims 1-9, wherein when more than two even number of dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna elements are arranged in a straight line to form the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array, the L-shaped branch coupling feed structures in all the dual-frequency ± 45 ° dual-polarized antenna elements are symmetrical about an array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array and symmetrical about a normal direction of the array axis of the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna array.
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| CN115313044B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2025-03-18 | 华南理工大学 | An isolation-enhanced millimeter-wave dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna |
| CN114944549B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2024-02-13 | 显踪电子(苏州)有限公司 | Ultra-wideband communication omnidirectional stable antenna unit, antenna array and antenna |
| CN115732925B (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2025-05-13 | 大连理工大学 | A millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array with separate feeding |
| CN115911890B (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2025-05-27 | 大连理工大学 | Dual-frequency dual-polarization magneto-electric dipole antenna array for millimeter wave mobile phone terminal |
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| CN109004340A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-14 | 华南理工大学 | Wideband dual polarized base station filter antenna unit and its array without additional filter circuit |
| CN111293413A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-16 | 电子科技大学 | Compact broadband filtering antenna based on cross-coupling structure and MIMO antenna thereof |
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| CN113517572B (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-23 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-isolation double-frequency dual-polarization array antenna for millimeter wave frequency band |
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| CN111293413A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-06-16 | 电子科技大学 | Compact broadband filtering antenna based on cross-coupling structure and MIMO antenna thereof |
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