CN114280872A - A method for realizing ultra-large-scale optical path selection based on coating directional coupler - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing a super-large-scale path selection optical path based on a coating directional coupler, which is characterized in that a coating structure represented by transition metal sulfide is arranged above the directional coupler, and the path selection function is realized by controlling parameters such as free carrier concentration and the like to change coupling conditions. The invention can effectively reduce the size and the loss of a single device in the super-large scale path selection optical path, simultaneously enhances the regulation performance of the directional coupler through the plating layer structure, and realizes the performance jump of high-dimensional quantum entanglement, multi-node quantum interconnection exchange, super-large scale quantum calculation and the like in the aspects of transmission loss, integrated scale, software definable characteristics and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of interdisciplines of integrated optics, optoelectronic systems, optical materials and quantum communication, in particular relates to a method for realizing a miniaturized, low-loss and super-large-scale path selection optical path by replacing a Mach interferometer with a cladding directional coupler, and particularly relates to a method, a system and a storage medium for realizing the super-large-scale path selection optical path based on the cladding directional coupler.
Background
The ultra-large scale path selection optical path has wide application in the field of optical communication, particularly quantum communication. For an optical communication system, a super-large scale path selection optical path can establish flexibly switchable link interconnection for multi-user nodes, and is a core device of a switch and a router. On the other hand, the super-large scale path selection optical path not only can provide the interconnection exchange guarantee of the optical link layer for the quantum communication network, but also can be used for realizing high-dimensional quantum entanglement and high-dimensional quantum communication coding and decoding. In addition, the ultra-large scale path selection optical path is controlled by the programmable logic circuit, so that the integrated optical path has the capability of software definition to a certain extent, and has important functions in the fields of optical computation, quantum computation, optical neural networks and the like.
With the continuous maturity of the preparation process, the chip integrated optical circuit gradually replaces a free space optical circuit and an all-fiber optical circuit with the advantages of miniaturization, low power consumption, compatibility of the integrated circuit, large-scale integration and the like, and becomes a preferred scheme of a super-large-scale path selection optical circuit. The most commonly used device is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer which is composed of two 50% -50% beam splitters, two end transmission light paths and a phase shifter, wherein the phase shifter applies phase difference on two arms of the interferometer to control the light field input by a specific port to be output from the specific port. However, the mach-zehnder interferometer has many devices, is large in size and has large insertion loss, and this characteristic seriously affects the transmission efficiency and the scale of an optical system, particularly a quantum optical system, when a super-large scale path selection optical path is constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to introduce a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide film into a directional coupler and realize the accurate control of the cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler through the change of the concentration of free carriers generated by electricity, the directional coupler replaces the traditional Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the integral improvement of the performance of a super-large-scale path selection optical path in the aspects of device size, insertion loss, control accuracy and the like is realized.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for realizing a super-large-scale path selection optical path based on a cladding layer directional coupler, which is characterized in that a cladding layer structure represented by a transition metal sulfide film is introduced into the directional coupler, the transition metal sulfide film covers the cladding layer directional coupler, a chip integrated electrode is prepared through the cladding layer structure, a control voltage is applied to the electrode through a programmable logic circuit, the cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler is changed through the concentration of an electric control free carrier, two input ports and two output ports of the directional coupler are switched between four interconnection states under the control of an external voltage, and the cladding layer directional coupler is used for replacing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and constructing the super-large-scale path selection optical path.
Preferably, the cross-coupling coefficient of the plated directional coupler is 0, that is, independent transmission between the upper waveguide and the lower waveguide does not affect each other.
Preferably, when the control electrode applies a certain control voltage to the coating, the cross-coupling coefficient is 1, i.e. the upper and lower waveguides are coupled with each other to the strongest.
Preferably, the directional coupler has a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports.
Preferably, the directional coupler is prepared by a standard process of a chip integrated optical circuit, has structural design freedom, and generates refractive index change under the action of free carriers and changes coupling conditions to enable the directional coupler to be flexibly switched between self-coupling and mutual-coupling working modes.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises:
s101, introducing a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide thin film into a directional coupler, preparing a chip integrated electrode through the coating structure, and applying control voltage to the electrode through a programmable logic circuit;
s102, changing a cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler through the concentration of the electrically controlled free carriers, so that two input ports and two output ports of the directional coupler can be switched between four interconnection states under the control of external voltage;
s103, replacing the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the cladding directional coupler, constructing a super-large-scale path selection optical path, and achieving the purposes of greatly reducing the size of the device, strictly controlling the insertion loss and improving the control speed and control precision of the system.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises:
s201, preparing a directional coupler and a transmission waveguide through a chip integrated optical circuit standard process, and covering a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide film on a coupling area of the directional coupler;
s202, preparing a control electrode required by a plating layer structure through a standard process of a chip integrated circuit, and connecting the control electrode with an external circuit by using an integrated lead;
s203, loading digital logic control voltage to each directional coupler plating layer structure of the path selection light path through an external circuit, changing the concentration of free carriers through the voltage, and enabling the directional couplers to switch between a self-coupling working mode and a mutual coupling working mode as required, so that photons input from a specific port can be finally output from the specific port through different optical paths as required, and the ultra-large scale path selection light path is realized.
Preferably, the external voltage changes the free carrier concentration of the coating, the refractive index of the waveguide in the coupling region of the directional coupler covered by the coating changes and affects the phase distribution of a transmission optical field, and the programmable logic is applied to each coating through the external electrode and changes the coupling conditions of each directional coupler, so that photons input by a specific port can be output from a specific output port through a specific optical path as required.
A system for realizing the method for realizing the super-large-scale path selection optical path based on the cladding layer directional coupler comprises 5 cladding layer directional couplers and 5 control electrodes, wherein a transition metal sulfide film covers the cladding layer directional couplers, the cross coupling coefficient of the cladding layer directional couplers is 0 in a normal state, and the independent transmission between the upper waveguide and the lower waveguide does not influence each other; when a control electrode applies a certain control voltage to the coating, the cross coupling coefficient is 1, the upper and lower waveguides are coupled with each other to be the strongest, the coating structure introducing module, the directional coupler coefficient changing module and the super-large scale path selection optical path constructing module are also included, wherein,
the coating structure introducing module is used for introducing a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide thin film into the directional coupler, preparing a chip integrated electrode through the coating structure and applying control voltage to the electrode through a programmable logic circuit;
the directional coupler coefficient changing module is used for changing the cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler through the electric control free carrier concentration, so that two input ports and two output ports of the directional coupler can be switched between four interconnection states under the external voltage control;
and the super-large-scale path selection optical path construction module is used for replacing the Mach-Zehnder interferometer by using the cladding directional coupler and constructing a super-large-scale path selection optical path, so that the device size is greatly reduced, the insertion loss is strictly controlled, and the system control speed and the control precision are improved.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the above-mentioned method.
A computer program product comprising computer programs/instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a technical idea of using a coating structure to adjust the coupling and condition of the directional coupler, and realizes the flexible switching of the self-coupling and the mutual coupling of the directional coupler by taking an electric control free carrier as a degree of freedom;
2. according to the invention, the coating directional coupler replaces a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to construct a super-large-scale path selection optical path, so that the usage amount of the device is reduced, smaller insertion loss is further obtained, and the upper limit of the scale of the single-chip integrated device is improved by reducing the size of the device;
3. the coating directional coupler can also be applied to other occasions using Mach Zehnder interferometers, and provides solid guarantee for high-dimensional quantum entanglement, multi-node quantum interconnection exchange and ultra-large-scale quantum calculation.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the present invention for realizing a super-large scale path selection optical path based on a plated directional coupler.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below, and in order to make objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The invention provides an embodiment of a method for realizing a super-large-scale path selection optical path based on a cladding layer directional coupler, which is characterized in that a cladding layer structure represented by a transition metal sulfide film is introduced into the directional coupler, the transition metal sulfide film covers the cladding layer directional coupler, a chip integrated electrode is prepared through the cladding layer structure, a control voltage is applied to the electrode through a programmable logic circuit, the cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler is changed through electrically controlling the concentration of free carriers, two input ports and two output ports of the directional coupler are switched among four interconnection states under the control of external voltage, and the cladding layer directional coupler is used for replacing a Mach Zett interferometer and constructing the super-large-scale path selection optical path.
In some embodiments, the cross-coupling coefficient of the plated directional coupler is 0, i.e., the independent transmission between the upper and lower waveguides does not affect each other.
In some embodiments, when the control electrode applies a certain control voltage to the coating, the cross-coupling coefficient is 1, i.e. the upper and lower waveguides are coupled with each other to the strongest.
In some embodiments, the directional coupler has a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports.
In some embodiments, the directional coupler is manufactured by a standard process of a chip integrated optical circuit, has structural design freedom, and generates refractive index change under the action of free carriers and changes coupling conditions to enable the directional coupler to be flexibly switched between self-coupling and mutual-coupling working modes.
The invention provides an embodiment of a method for realizing a super-large-scale path selection optical path based on a cladding directional coupler, which comprises the following steps:
s101, introducing a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide thin film into a directional coupler, preparing a chip integrated electrode through the coating structure, and applying control voltage to the electrode through a programmable logic circuit;
s102, changing a cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler through the concentration of the electrically controlled free carriers, so that two input ports and two output ports of the directional coupler can be switched between four interconnection states under the control of external voltage;
s103, replacing the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the cladding directional coupler, constructing a super-large-scale path selection optical path, and achieving the purposes of greatly reducing the size of the device, strictly controlling the insertion loss and improving the control speed and control precision of the system.
The invention provides an embodiment of a method for realizing a super-large-scale path selection optical path based on a cladding directional coupler, which comprises the following steps:
s201, preparing a directional coupler and a transmission waveguide through a chip integrated optical circuit standard process, and covering a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide film on a coupling area of the directional coupler;
s202, preparing a control electrode required by a plating layer structure through a standard process of a chip integrated circuit, and connecting the control electrode with an external circuit by using an integrated lead;
s203, loading digital logic control voltage to each directional coupler plating layer structure of the path selection light path through an external circuit, changing the concentration of free carriers through the voltage, and enabling the directional couplers to switch between a self-coupling working mode and a mutual coupling working mode as required, so that photons input from a specific port can be finally output from the specific port through different optical paths as required, and the ultra-large scale path selection light path is realized.
In some embodiments, the external voltage changes the free carrier concentration of the coating, the waveguide refractive index of the coupling region of the directional coupler covered by the coating changes and influences the phase distribution of a transmission optical field, and the programmable logic is applied to each coating through the external electrode and changes the coupling condition of each directional coupler, so that photons input by a specific port can be output from a specific output port through a specific optical path as required.
The invention provides a system embodiment for realizing the method for realizing the super-large-scale path selection optical path based on the coating directional coupler, which comprises 5 coating directional couplers and 5 control electrodes, wherein a transition metal sulfide film covers the coating directional couplers, the cross coupling coefficient of the coating directional couplers is 0 in a normal state, and the independent transmission between an upper waveguide and a lower waveguide is not influenced; when a control electrode applies a certain control voltage to the coating, the cross coupling coefficient is 1, the upper and lower waveguides are coupled with each other to be the strongest, the coating structure introducing module, the directional coupler coefficient changing module and the super-large scale path selection optical path constructing module are also included, wherein,
the coating structure introducing module is used for introducing a coating structure represented by a transition metal sulfide thin film into the directional coupler, preparing a chip integrated electrode through the coating structure and applying control voltage to the electrode through a programmable logic circuit;
the directional coupler coefficient changing module is used for changing the cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler through the electric control free carrier concentration, so that two input ports and two output ports of the directional coupler can be switched between four interconnection states under the external voltage control;
and the super-large-scale path selection optical path construction module is used for replacing the Mach-Zehnder interferometer by using the cladding directional coupler and constructing a super-large-scale path selection optical path, so that the device size is greatly reduced, the insertion loss is strictly controlled, and the system control speed and the control precision are improved.
As shown in fig. 1, a system structure principle for realizing a super-large scale path selection optical path based on a plated directional coupler is shown. Figure 1 shows a four port path selection optical path schematic. The four-port path selection optical path generally adopting the Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure needs to use 10 directional couplers, 5 phase controllers and 5 control electrodes.
In this embodiment, the very large scale path selection optical path using the coated directional coupler only needs 5 coated directional couplers and 5 control electrodes, and the maximum insertion loss is only half of the four-port path selection optical path using the mach-zehnder interferometer structure.
The operation mode of the path selection optical path based on the cladding directional coupler is briefly described as follows:
(1) a transition metal sulfide film covers the upper part of the cladding layer directional coupler, and the cross coupling coefficient of the cladding layer directional coupler is 0 in a normal state, namely the independent transmission between the upper waveguide and the lower waveguide does not influence each other; when the control electrode applies a certain control voltage to the coating, the cross coupling coefficient is 1, namely the upper waveguide and the lower waveguide are coupled with each other to be strongest;
(2) if photons input from the port A need to be output from the port E, no voltage can be applied to the electrodes 2 and 4; if photons input from port a need to be output from port H, then voltages need to be applied to electrodes 2, 3, 4. By applying different control voltages to the No. 1-5 electrodes, photons input by the A-D port can be output from the E-H port as required, and the basic function of a path selection optical path is completed.
The invention provides an embodiment of a method for realizing a super-large-scale path selection optical path based on a cladding layer directional coupler, which introduces a cladding layer structure represented by a transition metal sulfide film into the directional coupler, realizes the accurate control of the cross coupling coefficient of the directional coupler through the change of the concentration of free carriers caused by electricity, replaces the traditional Mach Zehnder interferometer with the directional coupler, and realizes the integral improvement of the performance of the super-large-scale path selection optical path in the aspects of device size, insertion loss, control accuracy and the like.
In some embodiments, the directional coupler has a plurality of input ports and a plurality of output ports, can be prepared by a standard process of a chip integrated optical circuit, has a certain degree of structural design freedom, can transmit an optical field with high efficiency and low loss, and can generate refractive index change under the action of free carriers and change coupling conditions to enable the directional coupler to be flexibly switched between self-coupling and mutual coupling working modes.
In some embodiments, the material platform used includes, but is not limited to, silicon on insulator, hydrogen-loaded amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, chalcogenide glass, high index quartz, gallium arsenic aluminide, indium phosphide iii-v, and the like, and can be either a single material integration method or a multi-material hybrid integration method.
In some embodiments, the coating structure is transferred to the surface of the chip integrated waveguide in a lossless manner through a standard process by controlling parameters through a growth process, the coating structure is tightly attached, electro-optical parameters are accurately regulated by taking a crystal structure and a layer thickness as degrees of freedom, a photoelectric effect is generated, namely, free carriers are generated under the action of an optical field, the coating structure is used as a substrate to stably grow an external electrode, the free carriers are generated, the concentration of the free carriers is sensitively related to the conductivity and the refractive index, the coating structure comprises but is not limited to graphene, a transition metal sulfide thin film and the like, and the specific structural parameters and the preparation process are not limited.
In some embodiments, the path selection optical path changes the free carrier concentration of the coating through an external voltage, the waveguide refractive index of the coupling region of the directional coupler covered by the coating changes and influences the phase distribution of a transmission optical field, and the programmable logic is applied to each coating through an external electrode and changes the coupling condition of each directional coupler, so that photons input by a specific port can be output from a specific output port through a specific optical path as required.
In some embodiments, the application of the path selection optical path includes, but is not limited to, high-dimensional quantum entanglement, multi-node quantum interconnection switching, super-large-scale quantum computation, and the like, the number of ports and the link mode of the path selection optical path are not limited, the structural parameters of the transmission waveguide and the control electrode are not limited, and the specific implementation mode of the programmable logic circuit and the specific content of the control signal are not limited.
The invention also provides an embodiment of a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the above-mentioned method.
The invention also provides an embodiment of a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the above method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention provides a technical idea of using a plating layer structure to adjust the coupling and condition of the directional coupler, and realizes the flexible switching of the self-coupling and the mutual coupling of the directional coupler by taking an electric control free carrier as a degree of freedom;
secondly, the method replaces a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the cladding directional coupler to construct a super-large-scale path selection optical path, so that the using amount of the device is reduced, smaller insertion loss is further obtained, and the upper limit of the scale of the single-chip integrated device is improved by reducing the size of the device;
in addition, the coating directional coupler can be applied to other occasions using Mach Zehnder interferometers, and provides solid guarantee for high-dimensional quantum entanglement, multi-node quantum interconnection exchange and ultra-large-scale quantum computation.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
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| US20030219199A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2003-11-27 | James Kenneth A. | Totally photonic switch for optical fibers |
| JP2009128718A (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Keio Gijuku | Light switch |
| US20180335574A1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Apparatus, systems, and methods for nonblocking optical switching |
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| US5502781A (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1996-03-26 | At&T Corp. | Integrated optical devices utilizing magnetostrictively, electrostrictively or photostrictively induced stress |
| US20030219199A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2003-11-27 | James Kenneth A. | Totally photonic switch for optical fibers |
| JP2009128718A (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Keio Gijuku | Light switch |
| US20180335574A1 (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2018-11-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Apparatus, systems, and methods for nonblocking optical switching |
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