CN114375969B - Composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114375969B CN114375969B CN202210008864.2A CN202210008864A CN114375969B CN 114375969 B CN114375969 B CN 114375969B CN 202210008864 A CN202210008864 A CN 202210008864A CN 114375969 B CN114375969 B CN 114375969B
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Classifications
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-10 parts of thyme oil, 0.1-0.5 part of eugenol, 5-15 parts of nitrogen element, 0.1-0.8 part of trace element, 15-25 parts of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts of emulsifier. The thyme oil, eugenol, nitrogen element, trace elements and seaweed extract liquid with specific weight proportions are creatively matched for use, the composition does not contain any chemical agent, does not cause the potato to generate drug resistance, can obviously prevent and control the development of potato black nevus disease, reduces the incidence of the black nevus disease, can effectively improve the yield of the potato, and has strong practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, relates to a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, a preparation method and application thereof, and in particular relates to a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease and capable of remarkably improving potato yield, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The potato has the advantages of high yield, good taste, rich nutrition, strong adaptability and the like, and is an important grain and economic crop in China. In recent years, with the improvement of planting benefit and the continuous expansion of area, the problems of continuous cropping in potato planting areas, sowing by utilizing seed potatoes with seed and the like, and the occurrence of potato soil-borne diseases is in a year-by-year increasing trend in China.
The potato black nevus disease is a soil-borne fungus disease caused by rhizoctonia solani, the incidence rate of the potato black nevus disease is reported to be between 30% and 40%, the serious possibility is 90% to 100%, even the death of the potato is directly caused, the quality and the yield of the potato are seriously influenced, and the development of the potato industry in China is greatly restricted. At present, agricultural measures, chemical agents, biological control and the like are mainly adopted for controlling potato black nevus disease.
For example, CN107361080a discloses a potato black nevus disease bactericide containing methyl paraquat phosphorus, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of methyl paraquat phosphate emulsifiable concentrate, 20-30 parts of benziothiazolinone, 30-40 parts of thifluzamide and pyraclostrobin compound preparation and 10-20 parts of fluazinam and flutamide compound preparation. The bactericide is suitable for agriculture, has high efficiency, environmental protection and broad spectrum, and can delay the generation speed of pathogen resistance and reduce the use cost of pesticides.
For example CN112481158A discloses a complex microbial agent for potato black nevus, comprising bacillus atrophaeus (Bacillus atrophaeus) cic 20238, bacillus polymyxa (Paenibacillus polymyxa) ACCC 10122 and trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma afroharzianum) ACCC 33109; the compound microbial agent has excellent control effect on potato black nevus, effectively reduces the incidence rate of potato black nevus, and has a certain growth promoting effect.
However, potato black nevus is difficult to control as a soil-borne disease, and the prior art lacks an effective method for controlling disease spread and development. In addition, frequent use of chemical agents also causes the generation of drug resistance, and causes problems of pesticide residue, environmental pollution and the like. It would therefore be of great interest to develop a product that does not develop resistance but significantly controls the development of potato black mole.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease and capable of remarkably improving potato yield, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-10 parts of thyme oil, 0.1-0.5 part of eugenol, 5-15 parts of nitrogen element, 0.1-0.8 part of trace element, 15-25 parts of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts of emulsifier.
The thyme oil, eugenol, nitrogen element, trace elements and seaweed extract liquid with specific weight proportions are creatively matched for use, the composition does not contain any chemical agent, does not cause the potato to generate drug resistance, can obviously prevent and control the development of potato black nevus disease, reduces the incidence of the black nevus disease, can effectively improve the yield of the potato, and has strong practical significance.
Wherein nitrogen element affects the growth of the stem and leaf of the potato and the development of the fruit, which are one of important factors determining the yield of the potato, and also affects the disease resistance of the potato, thereby indirectly affecting the effect of the composition on preventing and treating potato black nevus. Wherein trace elements such as iron affect the formation of chloroplasts in potato leaves, can keep the leaves green, can prevent the leaves from whitening, such as zinc can promote the synthesis of indoleacetic acid in the potato body, promote the growth of root systems, young leaves and stem ends, such as manganese controls a plurality of oxidation-reduction systems in the potato body and is also an activator of a plurality of enzymes, and has an important influence on a plurality of metabolic processes of the potato; these trace elements also indirectly affect the resistance of potatoes to disease and thus indirectly affect the effectiveness of the composition in controlling potato black nevus.
The thyme oil and eugenol exert main antibacterial effects, and the addition of the thyme oil and eugenol endows the composition with direct effect of resisting rhizoctonia solani, so that the composition has excellent effect of preventing and treating potato black nevus. The thyme oil can effectively kill spores of rhizoctonia solani, eugenol has a strong inhibition effect on hyphae of rhizoctonia solani, and the eugenol have a remarkable synergistic effect in preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, and can more effectively inhibit growth of rhizoctonia solani.
On one hand, the seaweed extract can be used as a carrier of various nutrient elements in the composition, promotes the absorption of the potato to the nutrient elements in the composition, can be combined with Fe, zn and Mn ions, is beneficial to releasing phosphorus in soil, and enhances the effectiveness of the fertilizer; can be combined with ammonium ions, so that the slow effect is improved, and the utilization rate of potassium in soil can be promoted, thereby improving the growth vigor of potatoes; on the other hand, the soil can fix or deactivate harmful substances in the soil, such as toxins of bacteria and the like; the organic matter can interact with soil to form a soil aggregate structure, improve soil ecology and increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity; moreover, the microbial agent can activate the activity of beneficial microorganisms in soil, stimulate the development of root systems of potatoes, and increase the potato yield and the disease resistance.
The thyme oil can be 0.5 part, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, etc.
The eugenol may be 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, etc. by weight.
The weight parts of the nitrogen element may be 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, etc.
The trace elements may be 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, 0.6 part, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, etc.
The alginic acid extract may be 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts, etc.
The weight portion of the emulsifier can be 5 portions, 6 portions, 7 portions, 8 portions, 9 portions, 10 portions and the like. The emulsifier has the main function of enabling each component of the composition to form stable emulsion under water environment, so that the composition is convenient to use or use after dilution.
Other specific point values of the numerical ranges are selectable, and will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the nitrogen element is derived from any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulphate in combination. Such as a combination of ammonium nitrate and urea, a combination of urea and ammonium sulfate, a combination of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, a combination of urea and ammonium sulfate, and the like.
Preferably, the nitrogen element comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of ammonium nitrogen, 2-5 parts of nitrate nitrogen and 1-4 parts of amide nitrogen.
The composition mode of the nitrogen element selects specific parts by weight of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen for combination because the absorption of positive and negative ions by plants is balanced, and the plants are prevented from simply utilizing positive ions such as NH 4 + Or anions such as NO 3 - The resulting soil is meta-acid or meta-alkali, improving the soil ecology of plant roots.
The weight portion of the ammonium nitrogen can be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts and the like.
The parts by weight of the nitrate nitrogen may be 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, etc.
The amide nitrogen may be 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, etc.
Other specific point values of the numerical ranges are selectable, and will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the trace elements include any one or a combination of at least two of iron, manganese and zinc, for example, a combination of iron and manganese, a combination of manganese and zinc, a combination of iron, manganese and zinc, and the like, and any other combination modes may be selected, which will not be described in detail herein. Combinations of iron, manganese and zinc are preferred.
Preferably, the trace elements comprise, in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of iron, 0.03-0.05 part of manganese and 0.03-0.05 part of zinc.
The trace elements are preferably combined by the iron, manganese and zinc in the specific parts by weight, so that the combination mode can comprehensively meet the nutritional requirements of the potatoes and indirectly improve the disease resistance of the potatoes, and therefore the effect of the composition on preventing and treating the potato black nevus disease is indirectly promoted.
The iron may be 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part, 0.5 part, etc.
The manganese may be 0.03 parts, 0.035 parts, 0.04 parts, 0.045 parts, 0.05 parts, etc.
The zinc may be 0.03 parts, 0.035 parts, 0.04 parts, 0.045 parts, 0.05 parts, etc.
Other specific point values of the numerical ranges are selectable, and will not be described in detail herein.
Preferably, the iron, manganese and zinc are derived from a chelated iron fertilizer, a chelated manganese fertilizer and a chelated zinc fertilizer, respectively.
The chelated iron fertilizer is such as Fe-EDTA, fe-DTPA, fe-HEDTA, fe-EDDHA; such as Mn-EDTA, mn-DTPA, mn-HEDTA, mn-EDDHA; the chelated zinc fertilizer is Zn-EDTA, zn-DTPA, zn-HEDTA and Zn-EDDHA.
Preferably, the emulsifier is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylbenzene sulfonate or alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.
In the invention, the seaweed extract is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps:
oven drying and pulverizing seaweed, mixing with water, sterilizing, and cooling to obtain fermentation substrate;
and (II) adding a saccharomycete strain into the fermentation substrate, fermenting, and filtering after fermentation to obtain the seaweed extract.
Preferably, the drying is performed at 50-70 ℃, for example, 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 55 ℃, 58 ℃, 60 ℃, 62 ℃, 65 ℃, 68 ℃, 70 ℃, etc.
Preferably, the comminution is to a particle size of 0.05-0.2mm, e.g., 0.05mm, 0.08mm, 0.10mm, 0.12mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, etc.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed powder to water is 1 (10-30), such as 1:10, 1:15, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, etc.
Preferably, the addition amount of the saccharomycete strain is 0.1 percent, and the number of viable bacteria is not less than 300 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 28-32deg.C, such as 28deg.C, 29 deg.C, 30deg.C, 31deg.C, 32deg.C, etc., and the fermentation time is 30-42h, such as 30h, 32h, 36h, 40h, 42h, etc.
Preferably, the seaweed comprises any one or a combination of at least two of gulfweed, ascophyllum nodosum, kelp, and undaria pinnatifida.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition for controlling potato black nevus according to the first aspect, the method comprising:
(1) Mixing any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulfate with seaweed extract and water, and homogenizing to obtain transparent solution;
(2) Mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with a chelated iron fertilizer, a chelated manganese fertilizer and a chelated zinc fertilizer, and stirring until all substances are dissolved;
(3) Mixing and stirring the product obtained in the step (2) with thyme oil, eugenol and an emulsifying agent to obtain a milky product.
The preparation method of the composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease is simple and easy to operate, is suitable for industrial production, and has practicability. The stability of the composition system is better, and the high-efficiency potato black nevus prevention and treatment effect can be maintained for a long time.
Preferably, the homogenization in step (1) is performed at 40-60 ℃, e.g. 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃, 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, etc.
Preferably, the stirring in step (2) is carried out at 40-60 ℃, e.g. 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃, 50 ℃, 52 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, etc.
Preferably, the stirring in step (3) is carried out at 20-40 ℃, e.g. 20 ℃, 23 ℃, 25 ℃, 28 ℃, 30 ℃, 32 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, etc.
Other specific point values of the numerical ranges are selectable, and will not be described in detail herein.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of a composition for controlling potato black nevus according to the first aspect for controlling potato black nevus and increasing potato yield.
Preferably, the method of application is:
before transplanting, the composition is diluted and applied to potato ridges in a spraying mode, and the potato ridges can be immediately transplanted after spraying; or after 15 days of emergence, the composition is diluted and sprayed around the root system of the potato, and the composition is continuously applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
Preferably, the amount of thyme oil in the composition per mu is from 2.5 to 50g (e.g., 2.5g, 5g, 10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g, 40g, 50g, etc.); the acre dosage of eugenol is 0.5-2.5g (e.g. 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g, etc.).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the thyme oil, eugenol, nitrogen element, trace elements and seaweed extract liquid with specific weight proportions are creatively matched for use, the composition does not contain any chemical agent, does not cause the potato to generate drug resistance, can obviously prevent and control the development of potato black nevus disease, reduces the incidence of the black nevus disease, can effectively improve the yield of the potato, and has strong practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing observation of the condition of the ground stem disease spot of the potato harvested in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a view of the observation of the condition of the ground stem lesions of potatoes harvested in the azoxystrobin group;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the observation of the condition of the ground stem disease spot of potatoes harvested in a microbial agent group;
fig. 4 is a view of the condition of the ground stem lesions of the potatoes harvested in the blank.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
Thyme oil referred to below is a product of model S26055 purchased from a source foliar organism; eugenol crude drug was purchased from Jiangxi world natural perfume Co., ltd; azoxystrobin is available from Amideda, model Yu Xianzheng; the microbial agent is a product with 2 hundred million/g of viable bacteria, which is obtained by mixing and fermenting bacillus subtilis strains with cow dung, wherein the content of the viable bacteria is 500 hundred million/g, which is purchased from the starter in Hubei province.
Preparation example 1
The preparation example provides a seaweed extract, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Oven drying Sargassum at 60deg.C, cooling, and pulverizing into powder with particle diameter of 0.1 mm;
(2) Mixing the powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:20, and adding the mixture into a fermentation tank to serve as a fermentation substrate;
(3) Heating the fermenter with the fermentation substrate to 115 deg.C, sterilizing for 30 min, and cooling;
(4) Adding 300 hundred million/g yeast strain into the cooled fermentation substrate, wherein the adding ratio is 1:1000;
(5) After the strains are added, the temperature of a fermentation system is controlled at 30 ℃ and the fermentation is carried out for 36 hours;
(6) Filtering after fermentation, and taking the filtrate as seaweed extract raw material after qualified detection.
Preparation example 2
The preparation example provides a seaweed extract, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Drying Ascophyllum nodosum at 65deg.C, cooling, and pulverizing into powder with particle diameter of 0.15 mm;
(2) Mixing the powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:25, and adding the mixture into a fermentation tank to serve as a fermentation substrate;
(3) Heating the fermenter with the fermentation substrate to 120deg.C, sterilizing for 30 min, and cooling;
(4) Adding 300 hundred million/g yeast strain into the cooled fermentation substrate, wherein the adding ratio is 1:1000;
(5) After the strains are added, the temperature of a fermentation system is controlled at 30 ℃ and the fermentation is carried out for 36 hours;
(6) Filtering after fermentation, and taking the filtrate as seaweed extract raw material after qualified detection.
Preparation example 3
The preparation example provides a seaweed extract, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Drying Cymbopogon citratus at 55deg.C, cooling, and pulverizing into powder with particle diameter of 0.08 mm;
(2) Mixing the powder and water in a mass ratio of 1:15, and adding the mixture into a fermentation tank to serve as a fermentation substrate;
(3) Heating the fermenter with the fermentation substrate to 110deg.C, sterilizing for 35 min, and cooling;
(4) Adding 300 hundred million/g yeast strain into the cooled fermentation substrate, wherein the adding ratio is 1:1000;
(5) After the strains are added, the temperature of a fermentation system is controlled at 30 ℃ and the fermentation is carried out for 36 hours;
(6) Filtering after fermentation, and taking the filtrate as seaweed extract raw material after qualified detection.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Mixing 5 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 parts of urea and 5 parts of ammonium sulfate with 15 parts of seaweed extract prepared in preparation example 1 and 71 parts of water, and homogenizing to a transparent solution at 50 ℃;
(2) Mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with 5 parts of Fe-EDTA, 5 parts of Mn-EDTA and 5 parts of Zn-EDTA, and stirring at 50 ℃ until all substances are dissolved;
(3) Adding the product obtained in the step (2), 3 parts of thyme oil, 0.5 part of eugenol and 5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into an emulsifying kettle, and stirring for 30 minutes under the stirring of 12000 revolutions per minute to obtain the product.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Mixing 10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 8 parts of urea and 10 parts of ammonium sulfate with 18 parts of seaweed extract prepared in preparation example 2 and 54 parts of water, and homogenizing to a transparent solution at 55 ℃;
(2) Mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with 3 parts of Fe-DTPA, 3 parts of Mn-HEDTA and 3 parts of Zn-EDTA, and stirring at 55 ℃ until all substances are dissolved;
(3) Adding the product obtained in the step (2), 5 parts of thyme oil, 0.3 part of eugenol and 7 parts of C8-14 alkyl naphthalene sulfonate into an emulsifying kettle, and stirring for 30 minutes under the stirring of 12000 revolutions per minute.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 15 parts of ammonium nitrate, 12 parts of urea and 12 parts of ammonium sulfate are mixed with 20 parts of seaweed extract prepared in preparation example 3 and 41 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenized at 45 ℃ to form a transparent solution;
(2) Mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with 0.7 part of Fe-HEDTA, 0.7 part of Mn-EDTA and 0.7 part of Zn-DTPA, and stirring at 45 ℃ until all substances are dissolved;
(3) Adding the product obtained in the step (2), 6 parts of thyme oil, 0.1 part of eugenol and 10 parts of dodecyl polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10) into an emulsifying kettle, and stirring for 30 minutes under the stirring of 12000 revolutions per minute.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus, which is prepared by a method differing from example 1 only in that thyme oil is not contained, the amount of eugenol is 3.5 parts, and other parameters are kept unchanged.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a composition for the control of potato black nevus, which is prepared by a process differing from that of example 1 only in that eugenol is absent, and the amount of thyme oil is 3.5 parts, all other parameters being maintained.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a composition for controlling potato black nevus, which is prepared by a process differing from that of example 1 only in the absence of seaweed extract, the reduced amount of which is complemented by water. Other parameters remained unchanged.
Test examples
The test is carried out in a black nevus disease nursery field (Sha Rang soil texture) of the department of agricultural science in Hebei province, the black nevus disease nursery field is divided into 9 cells, the 9 cells are treated by different treatment reagents, the area of each cell is 5 multiplied by 2m, the potato with buds and potato blocks are obtained by accelerating germination of potato V7 varieties purchased in the market, and the rest materials and raw materials have no special description and can be obtained from other commercial approaches. The test process is specifically as follows:
(1) Preparation before sowing: selecting a land block with good drainage, deep soil layer, flat topography and relatively fertile soil. 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is spread per mu, 20 kg of calcium superphosphate and 25 kg of potassium sulfate are used as base fertilizer, then the harrows are turned over and leveled, ditches are carried out after ridging, and the ditch depth is 3-4 cm.
(2) Transplanting: and (3) arranging potato buds in parallel with the furrow bottom along the furrow direction during transplanting, and then covering soil. The planting density is about 4500 plants per mu.
(3) And (3) prevention and treatment:
(3.1) treatment modes of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3: each group of the compositions is diluted by 500 times before transplanting, and is applied to the furrows in a spraying manner, and the transplanting can be performed immediately after the spraying. The dosage per mu is 500mL.
(3.2) blank group treatment mode: no additional treatment was performed.
(3.3) azoxystrobin group treatment mode: 15 days after emergence, the azoxystrobin is diluted 1000 times and sprayed around the root system of the potato, and the azoxystrobin is continuously used for 2 times at intervals of 10 days. The dosage per mu is 80mL.
(3.4) treatment mode of microbial agent group: uniformly mixing the microbial inoculum and the base fertilizer, spreading the mixture on the surface of soil, then harrowing and leveling the soil, and ditching after ridging. The dosage per mu is 80kg.
(4) Harvesting and counting:
the statistics of the test results are that 100 potatoes are randomly picked in a test area, and the evaluation is carried out from the indexes of the incidence rate of the black nevus disease, the incidence classification condition of the black nevus disease and the yield of the potatoes:
(4.1) counting the incidence rate of the black nevus disease of each group of potatoes, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps: morbidity = number of diseased plants/total number of plants, results are shown in table 1, as can be seen from the data of table 1: compared with the comparative example, the composition provided by the invention can obviously prevent and treat potato black nevus and reduce the incidence rate of potato black nevus.
(4.2) the yield of each group of potatoes was counted, and the results are shown in Table 1, from which the data in Table 1 show that: the compositions of the present invention significantly increased potato yields compared to the comparative examples.
(4.3) grading the size of the spot of the underground stem of each group of potatoes, wherein the grading method comprises the following steps: referring to the classification of plant disease classification standard in books "general plant pathology experiment guidance" (Xu Wenyao, scientific press publication), the results are shown in table 2, and the data in table 2 show that: after grading according to the size of the spot of the underground stem, the blank group shows the most serious infection and has more infected plants; the composition group shows that the number of serious plants is small, the overall infection degree is low, and the composition has good effect of preventing and treating potato black nevus disease.
(4.4) the condition of the ground stem lesions of the potatoes of each group of example 1, azoxystrobin group, microbial inoculum group and blank group was observed, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
Compared with a blank group, an azoxystrobin group and a microbial agent, the composition has the advantages of better effect of preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, lighter degree of the underground stem lesion and less distribution.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Incidence (%) | Total weight (kg) |
| Example 1 | 35 | 51.6 |
| Example 2 | 36 | 50.1 |
| Example 3 | 35 | 49.6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 47 | 42.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 43 | 48.8 |
| Comparative example 3 | 40 | 47.6 |
| Azoxystrobin group | 45 | 46.7 |
| Microbial agent group | 73 | 47.2 |
| Blank group | 75 | 46.0 |
TABLE 2
| Group of | First grade (plant) | Second grade (plant) | Three-stage (plant) |
| Example 1 | 15 | 12 | 8 |
| Example 2 | 16 | 11 | 9 |
| Example 3 | 14 | 13 | 8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 17 | 18 | 12 |
| Comparative example 2 | 17 | 16 | 10 |
| Comparative example 3 | 13 | 16 | 11 |
| Azoxystrobin group | 15 | 18 | 12 |
| Microbial agent group | 25 | 28 | 20 |
| Blank group | 20 | 25 | 30 |
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples as a composition for controlling potato black nevus, and a preparation method and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, i.e., it does not mean that the present invention must be practiced by relying on the above examples. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Claims (14)
1. A composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus disease, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-10 parts of thyme oil, 0.1-0.5 part of eugenol, 5-15 parts of nitrogen element, 0.1-0.8 part of trace element, 15-25 parts of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts of emulsifier;
the nitrogen element is derived from any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulfate;
the microelements are combinations of iron, manganese and zinc, and the iron, manganese and zinc are respectively derived from chelated iron fertilizer, chelated manganese fertilizer and chelated zinc fertilizer;
the seaweed extract is prepared by a preparation method comprising the following steps:
oven drying and pulverizing seaweed, mixing with water, sterilizing, and cooling to obtain fermentation substrate;
(II) adding saccharomycetes into a fermentation substrate, fermenting, and filtering after fermentation to obtain seaweed extract; the seaweed is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of Sargassum, ascophyllum or Cymbopogon.
2. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus according to claim 1, wherein the trace elements consist of the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of iron, 0.03-0.05 part of manganese and 0.03-0.05 part of zinc.
3. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus according to claim 1, wherein the drying is performed at 50 to 70 ℃.
4. The composition for preventing and treating potato black mole according to claim 1, wherein the particles are crushed to a particle size of 0.05 to 0.2. 0.2 mm.
5. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the crushed powder to water is 1 (10-30).
6. The composition for preventing and treating potato black mole according to claim 1, wherein the added amount of the yeast strain is 0.1%, and the number of viable bacteria is not less than 300 hundred million/g.
7. The composition for preventing and treating potato black nevus according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is 28-32 ℃ and the fermentation time is 30-42 h.
8. A method for preparing a composition for controlling potato black nevus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the preparation method comprises:
(1) Mixing any two or three of ammonium nitrate, urea or ammonium sulfate with seaweed extract and water, and homogenizing to obtain transparent solution;
(2) Mixing the transparent solution obtained in the step (1) with a chelated iron fertilizer, a chelated manganese fertilizer and a chelated zinc fertilizer, and stirring until all substances are dissolved;
(3) Mixing and stirring the product obtained in the step (2) with thyme oil, eugenol and an emulsifying agent to obtain a milky product.
9. The method for preparing a composition for controlling potato black nevus according to claim 8, wherein the homogenizing of step (1) is performed at 40 to 60 ℃.
10. The method for preparing a composition for controlling potato black mole disease according to claim 8, wherein the stirring of step (2) is performed at 40 to 60 ℃.
11. The method for preparing a composition for controlling potato black mole disease according to claim 8, wherein the stirring of step (3) is performed at 20 to 40 ℃.
12. Use of a composition for controlling potato black nevus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for controlling potato black nevus and increasing potato yield.
13. The application according to claim 12, wherein the method of application is:
before transplanting, the composition is diluted and applied to potato ridges in a spraying mode, and the potato ridges can be immediately transplanted after spraying; or after 15 days of emergence, the composition is diluted and sprayed around the root system of the potato, and the composition is continuously applied for 2-3 times at intervals of 10 days.
14. The use of claim 13, wherein the amount of thyme oil per mu of application of the composition is from 2.5 to 50 g; the acre dosage of eugenol is 0.5-2.5. 2.5 g.
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