CN114377188B - Super-absorbent bio-based foam material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Super-absorbent bio-based foam material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114377188B CN114377188B CN202210044026.0A CN202210044026A CN114377188B CN 114377188 B CN114377188 B CN 114377188B CN 202210044026 A CN202210044026 A CN 202210044026A CN 114377188 B CN114377188 B CN 114377188B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/20—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing organic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/32—Proteins, polypeptides; Degradation products or derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, collagen, fibrin, gelatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/62—Compostable, hydrosoluble or hydrodegradable materials
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a super-absorbent bio-based foam material, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of foam materials. A preparation method of a super water-absorbing bio-based foam material comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving a plasticizer in water to obtain a plasticizer premix solution; (2) Uniformly dispersing fibers in water to obtain a fiber solution; adding a natural polymer material and a surfactant into the dispersed fiber solution, stirring, and adding a plasticizer premix while stirring; (3) After the gel solution is completely dissolved, a gel solution is obtained, air is introduced into the liquid phase of the gel solution to carry out physical foaming, and the foaming is stopped when the target foaming rate is reached, so that wet foam is obtained; (4) And pouring the wet foam into a mold, and drying to obtain the super absorbent bio-based foam material. The super-absorbent bio-based foam material obtained by the preparation method has a hydrophilic and soft open-cell structure, and has the characteristics of low density, high water absorption, high water retention and degradability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foaming materials, in particular to a super-absorbent bio-based foam material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the increasing pursuit of good life and the concern for health and comfort, many sanitary articles, such as masks, sanitary napkins and diapers for infants, have gradually shifted to the need for daily stability. Statistically, the domestic market for disposable hygiene products (including absorbent hygiene products and wipes) continues to grow. The consumption of menstrual pants, baby diapers and adult incontinence products has increased significantly over the years. The consumption of pantiliners and baby diapers continues to decline. The market scale (total market sales) of the absorbent sanitary product in 2019 reaches about 1165.3 million yuan, and is increased by 3.4% compared with 2018 (the market scale in 2018 is 1127.0 million yuan). In the overall market size of absorbent sanitary products (including feminine hygiene products, baby diapers/pads and adult incontinence products), feminine hygiene products (including sanitary napkins, menstrual pants and pantiliners) account for 49.1%, baby diapers/pads for 42.8% and adult incontinence products (including adult diapers/pads and nursing pads) for 8.1%. ("2019 summary of Chinese Disposable sanitary articles industry)
However, although the sanitary product manufacturing industry is developing vigorously in our country, it is not negligible that most of the materials of disposable sanitary products are not degradable, so that solid garbage which is not negligible is inevitably formed. At present, the main method of solid waste disposal is landfill followed by reclamation, incineration and composting. However, the landfill method is not sustainable, and air greenhouse effect and water pollution are hidden troubles. The sanitary articles are special in solid wastes, obviously have natural defects in recycling, and are not suitable for burning due to non-flammability. Therefore, the biodegradability of the sanitary article is beneficial to the introduction of the solid wastes into an organic waste composting treatment way.
The business cost of the sanitary towel industry consists of raw material cost, packaging material cost, labor cost and other four parts, the business cost structure is relatively stable, and the ratio of the raw material cost and the packaging material cost accounting for the business cost is always kept above 80%. The sanitary towel is made of cotton, non-woven fabric, dust-free paper, PE film, separation paper, polymer, glue, pulp board and the like. Wherein, the ratio of the film and the glue in the raw material cost is less changed, the ratio of the non-woven fabric is in a continuously rising state, and the cost of the polymer and the pulp board is in a descending trend. The non-woven fabric is mainly used as a surface layer, a separation edge and a bottom layer material in the sanitary towel, so that the dryness and softness of the product can be improved, and the requirements of consumers on the comfort and the close-fitting performance of the product can be better met. As the structure of the sanitary napkin product is adjusted toward the middle and high ends, more non-woven fabrics are used in the product to improve the dryness and softness of the product, so that the usage amount of the non-woven fabrics is obviously increased, and the ratio of the cost of the non-woven fabrics in the raw material cost is increased. The macromolecule is a high-efficiency water absorption material, can effectively prevent liquid from seeping again after water absorption expansion, and is one of important raw materials for producing the ultrathin composite core body. Pulp sheets are a water absorbent material used in sanitary napkins, but pulp sheets as a water absorbent material can result in thicker products and affect the use experience of consumers. In recent years, for reducing the thickness of the product and improving the use experience of consumers, the use amount of the pulp plate is reduced, so that the thickness of the product can be effectively reduced, and the wearing comfort level is improved.
The sanitary towel is a product with liquid absorption capacity and is divided into three layers, namely a surface layer, an absorption core and a bottom layer. The back adhesive of the sanitary napkin is a waterproof material, and can retain menstrual blood in the sanitary napkin to absorb the menstrual blood flowing out from the vagina when women have menstrual flow.
In terms of the consumption of raw materials, the consumption of non-woven fabrics and leak-proof films required by the surface layer and the bottom layer is the largest; in view of importance, the intermediate absorbent has the highest requirement for material quality. The absorbent (absorbent core) is used for absorbing liquid, and the main materials include high molecular water absorbent resin (SAP), wood pulp, fluff pulp, absorbent paper, etc., or high molecular polymer and high molecular polymer composite paper formed by cotton, nonwoven fabric, paper pulp or composite of the above materials. This part determines the absorbency and performance of the sanitary napkin. Currently good quality SAPs and fluff pulps are still dependent on imports.
Therefore, the development of a degradable foam material with high water absorption and high water retention and a preparation method thereof are urgently needed in the field; meanwhile, the application of the foam material with high water absorption, high water retention and degradability in medical sanitary materials such as sanitary towels, paper diapers/towels and the like is developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the biodegradable composite foam material is synthesized by adopting gel solution/slurry liquid foaming, taking a natural polymer material as a matrix, adding a surfactant to reduce the surface activity of the natural polymer material, adding a plasticizer to improve the softness, and adding fibers to enhance the mechanical property.
The invention provides a super-absorbent bio-based foam material which has a hydrophilic and soft open-cell structure and has the characteristics of low density, high water absorption, high water retention and degradability.
The invention provides a preparation method of a super water-absorbing bio-based foam material, which has simple process operation and wide raw material source; and the low-viscosity liquid slurry air is directly injected, so that the energy consumption is low and no pollutant is generated.
The invention also provides application of the super water-absorbing bio-based foam material in preparation of medical sanitary materials.
A preparation method of a super-absorbent bio-based foam material comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the plasticizer in water to obtain a plasticizer premix solution;
(2) Uniformly dispersing fibers in water to obtain a fiber solution; adding a natural polymer material and a surfactant into the dispersed fiber solution, stirring, and adding a plasticizer premix while stirring;
(3) After the gel solution is completely dissolved, a gel solution is obtained, air is introduced into the liquid phase of the gel solution to carry out physical foaming, and the foaming is stopped when the target foaming rate is reached, so that wet foam is obtained;
(4) Pouring the wet foam into a mold, and drying to obtain the super-absorbent bio-based foam material;
the mass ratio of the mass of the natural polymer material to the total mass of the gel solution is 0.01 to 0.5; the mass ratio of the plasticizer to the natural polymer material is 0.01 to 0.5; the mass ratio of the fiber to the natural polymer material is 0.001-0.5; the mass ratio of the mass of the surfactant to the total mass of the gel solution is 0.003 to 0.01.
Preferably, the natural polymer material is selected from one or more of agar, carrageenan, alginic acid, pectin, gelatin, locust bean gum, acacia gum, modified cellulose, nanocellulose, modified starch and derivatives thereof, xanthan gum, gellan gum or other similar materials.
Preferably, the plasticizer is one selected from sorbitol, ethylene glycol and glycerol.
Preferably, the fiber is selected from one of paper fiber and nanofiber.
Preferably, the surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, chlorhexidine, polyoxyethylene (9) octylphenol ether and octyl phenyl polyethylene glycol ether.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the stirring conditions are as follows: the stirring temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the target expansion ratio is 5 to 20 times.
Preferably, in the step (4), the drying is constant temperature and humidity drying, and the drying conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-80 ℃, the relative humidity is 1-50%, and the drying time is 1-48h.
The invention discloses a super-absorbent bio-based foam material, which is prepared by the preparation method; the foam density of the super absorbent bio-based foam material is less than 25kg/m 3 The porosity is more than 0.9, the water absorption capacity is more than 40g/g, and the water retention capacity is more than 40g/g.
The invention also discloses the application of the super water-absorbing bio-based foam material in preparation of medical sanitary materials.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention provides a preparation method of a super water-absorbing bio-based foam material; the invention adopts gel solution/slurry liquid foaming, takes natural polymer material as a matrix, reduces the surface activity of the natural polymer material by adding a surfactant, improves the softness by adding a plasticizer, enhances the mechanical property by adding fibers, and synthesizes the biodegradable composite foam material; the foam material prepared by liquid foaming of the gel solution is of an almost 100% open-cell structure, the full-open-cell structure is favorable for increasing the water absorption performance and the water absorption rate of foam, and the foam material has excellent water absorption and water retention performance because a large amount of hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like are contained in the natural high polymer material; the gel in the foam is fibrous, so that the foam is endowed with softness; the preparation method has simple process operation and wide raw material source; the low-viscosity liquid slurry air is directly injected, so that the energy consumption is low and no pollutant is generated; meanwhile, the added fibers can enhance the mechanical properties of the material.
(2) The super-absorbent bio-based foam material provided by the invention has a hydrophilic and soft open-cell structure, and the porosity can reach 0.98; the density is as low as 13-25 kg/m 3 Compared with the conventional low-density expanded polystyrene (b) ((b))<25.0kg/m 3 ) The foam belongs to an ultra-light low-density foam material, and the characteristic is beneficial to improving the flexibility of the foam; the super-absorbent bio-based foam material has the water absorption capacity of up to 48.8g/g and the water retention capacity of 44.7g/g, which are far beyond the industrial standard; and can still maintain certain structural stability after swelling in water at 23 ℃ for 24 hours.
(3) The invention also provides application of the super water-absorbing bio-based foam material in preparation of medical sanitary materials; the super absorbent bio-based foam material provided by the invention is used as an absorber (an absorption core) of a sanitary towel or a diaper, can meet the requirements of water absorption and water retention, is non-toxic, low-carbon, low-energy consumption, low in cost and sustainable in source, and is 100% biodegradable (home compost).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the preparation method of the super absorbent bio-based foam material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the super absorbent bio-based foam material prepared in example 1 of the present invention under different magnifications.
Detailed Description
In order to more fully understand the technical contents of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described and illustrated with reference to the following specific embodiments.
All percentages, fractions and ratios are calculated on the total mass of the composition of the invention, unless otherwise indicated. All qualities relating to the listed ingredients are given to the content of active substance, unless otherwise specified, and therefore they do not include solvents or by-products that may be contained in commercially available materials. The term "mass percent content" herein may be represented by the symbol "%".
All molecular weights herein are weight average molecular weights expressed in daltons, unless otherwise indicated.
All formulations and tests herein occur at 25 ℃ environment, unless otherwise indicated.
The use of "including," "comprising," "containing," "having," or other variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass non-exclusive inclusions, as well as non-exclusive distinctions between such terms. The term "comprising" means that other steps and ingredients can be added that do not affect the end result. The term "comprising" also includes the terms "consisting of and" consisting essentially of 82303030A ". The compositions and methods/processes of the present invention comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described herein. The terms "potency", "performance", "effect" and "efficacy" are not distinguished from one another herein.
The preparation method of the super absorbent bio-based foam material shown in the attached figure 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the plasticizer in water to obtain a plasticizer premix solution;
(2) Uniformly dispersing fibers in water to obtain a fiber solution; adding natural polymer material and surfactant into the dispersed fiber solution, magnetically stirring at 50 ℃ for 20 minutes, and adding prepared glycerol premix while stirring;
(3) After the gel solution is completely dissolved, obtaining a gel solution, introducing air into a liquid phase of the gel solution to carry out physical foaming on the gel solution, and stopping foaming when the target foaming ratio is reached to obtain wet foam;
(4) The wet foam was poured into a mold. And then placing the foam sample in a constant-temperature constant-humidity drying oven, wherein the temperature is 23 ℃, the relative humidity is 20%, and naturally drying for 48 hours to obtain the composite foam material.
The ratio of the mass of the natural polymer material to the total mass of the gel solution is about 0.01 to 0.5; the mass ratio of the plasticizer to the natural polymer material for increasing the softness of the composite foam material is about 0.01 to 0.5; the fiber mass for enhancing the mechanical property is 0.001 to 0.5 of the natural high polymer material; the surfactant mass is 0.003 to 0.01 of the gel solution.
Wherein, in the step (3), the target foaming ratio is 5 to 20 times.
The foam material prepared by liquid foaming of the gel solution is of a full-open-cell structure, the full-open-cell structure is favorable for increasing the water absorption performance and the water absorption rate of the foam, and the foam material has excellent water absorption and water retention performance because the natural high polymer material contains a large amount of hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like. The gel in the foam is fibrous, imparting softness to the foam.
In other embodiments, the natural polymer material is selected from one or more of agar, carrageenan, alginic acid, pectin, gelatin, locust bean gum, gum arabic, modified cellulose, nanocellulose, modified starch and derivatives thereof, xanthan gum, gellan gum, or other similar materials.
In other embodiments, the plasticizer includes, but is not limited to, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and the like.
In other embodiments, the fibers are used primarily to improve the strength, modulus, thermal stability, etc. of the polymer, and preferably fibers having certain water absorption or degradability properties, such as paper fibers or nanocellulose, etc.
In other embodiments, the surfactants that can be used are: sodium dodecylsulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, chlorhexidine, polyoxyethylene (9) octylphenol ether, octylphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol, etc.
Specifically, the preparation method of the super water-absorbing bio-based foam material comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) dissolving the plasticizer in water to obtain a plasticizer premix solution.
(2) Uniformly dispersing fibers in water to obtain a fiber solution; adding natural polymer material and surfactant into the dispersed fiber solution, magnetically stirring at 50 deg.C for 20 min, and adding prepared glycerol premix while stirring.
(3) After the foam is completely dissolved, introducing air into the liquid to carry out physical foaming on the liquid, and stopping foaming when the target foaming ratio is reached to obtain wet foam; the target foaming ratio is 5 to 20 times.
(4) The wet foam was poured into a mold. And then placing the foam sample in a constant-temperature constant-humidity drying oven, naturally drying for 48 hours at the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 20% to obtain the composite foam material.
Superabsorbent biobased foams were prepared according to the above preparation method and the ingredient content tables of examples 1-3, and the ingredient content tables of examples 1-3 are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 ingredient content table of examples 1-3
Superabsorbent biobased foams were prepared according to the above preparation method and the ingredient content tables of examples 4-10, and the ingredient content tables of examples 4-10 are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 ingredient content table for examples 4-10
Superabsorbent biobased foams were prepared according to the above preparation method and the ingredient content tables of comparative examples 1 to 7, and the ingredient content tables of comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 ingredient content of comparative examples 1 to 7
Performance testing
Expansion ratio
The foaming ratio is the ratio of the volume of the wet foam after foaming to the volume of the gel solution, and is specifically shown in the following formula. After the gel solution is prepared, the reading of the tangent position of the concave liquid surface and the scale line of the beaker is the volume of the gel solution; the wet foam volume is read at the tangent of the wet foam interface to the scale line after foaming. The Expansion Ratio (ER) is defined as follows:
ER＝V 2 /V 1
wherein V 1 -solution gel volume (ml);
V 2 -wet foam volume after foaming (ml).
Density of foam
After the surface of the foam sample was polished flat, the linear dimension of the foam was measured with a vernier caliper. During measurement, gradually aligning the measuring surface of the vernier caliper with the sample, finishing adjustment when the measuring surface of the vernier caliper just contacts the surface of the sample without compressing or damaging the sample, and recording the reading.
The density of the samples was calculated from the following formula, each sample was measured at least 3 times, and no abnormal change was averaged.
d＝m/V
Wherein d-sample density (kg/m) 3 )；
m-sample mass (kg);
v-sample volume (m) 3 )。
Porosity factor
Relative density of dry foam ρ r Calculated from the following formula:
ρ r ＝ρ/ρ s
where ρ is r -relative density;
rho-dry foam density (kg/m) 3 )；
ρ s Solid density (kg/m) 3 )。
The Porosity p (Porosity) of the dry foam is calculated by the following formula:
p＝1-ρ r
wherein p is porosity;
ρ r -relative density.
Testing the water absorption capacity of the foam:
the foam water absorption X refers to the amount of liquid absorbed per unit mass of foam, and is given in g/g. And weighing the sample, recording the mass as m, and filling the sample into the bottom of the tea bag. The tea bag containing the sample was soaked in a beaker containing sufficient deionized water (room temperature 23 ℃) for 30min. Then the tea bag is gently lifted out, the dropping liquid is suspended for 10min in a static state, and the weight of the tea bag filled with the sample is weighed and recorded as m 1 . When a plurality of tea bags are hung simultaneously, the tea bags are ensured not to be contacted. Simultaneously performing blank test by using tea bags not filled with samples, weighing the mass of the blank test tea bag, and recording the mass as m 2 . The absorption was calculated as follows, and each sample was tested at least 3 times, and the results were averaged after no abnormal change.
X＝(m 1 -m 2 -m)/m (2-6)
X represents the absorption amount (g/g) of the sample;
m-sample mass (g);
m 1 -mass (g) of the sample-containing tea bag after absorption of the liquid;
m 2 -mass (g) of blank test tea bag.
Foam Water Retention test
The water retention capacity R of the foam is the amount of liquid which absorbs liquid per unit mass of the foam and retains a non-segregated state, and is expressed in g/g. The water retention of the foam in this study was tested according to the method provided in the national standard of the people's republic of china, GB T22875-2018 superabsorbent resin for diapers and sanitary napkins. After the water absorption was measured by the method for measuring water absorption, the tea bag containing the sample was dehydrated for 3min by a centrifuge under a centrifugal force of 250 g. After the dehydration, the weight of the tea bag containing the sample was weighed and recorded as m 3 . Simultaneously performing blank test by using tea bag without sample, weighing the mass of the blank sample tea bag, and recording the mass as m 4 . The water retention was calculated according to equation (2-7) and each sample was tested at least 3 times with no abnormal changes and the final results averaged.
R＝(m 3 -m 4 -m)/m (2-7)
Wherein R represents the water retention (g) of the sample;
m-mass of sample (g);
m 3 -mass (g) after dehydration of the tea bag containing the sample;
m 4 -mass (g) of blank test tea bag after dehydration.
The superabsorbent bio-based foam material prepared in example 2 was subjected to the above tests, resulting in: the foaming ratio is 8, and the foaming ratio is 8, the foam density was 19.8kg/m 3 The porosity is 0.98, the water absorption capacity is 48.8g/g, and the water retention capacity is 44.7g/g.
Tables for testing the performance of the superabsorbent bio-based foams prepared in comparative examples 1-7 are shown in Table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Performance test Table for comparative examples 1 to 7
As can be seen from Table 4, in comparative example 2 and comparative example 1, the water absorption capacity and water retention capacity of example 2 are much higher than those of comparative example 1, i.e., the water absorption and water retention performances of the different materials are different.
Comparing example 2 with comparative example 2, comparative example 3, the porosity, water absorption and retention properties of example 2 are significantly higher than those of comparative example 2, and the foam density is significantly lower than that of comparative example 2, because the natural polymer content in comparative example 2 is too high, resulting in an increase in foam density and porosity, while the surfactant fraction decreases, and the water retention and water absorption both decrease; the water absorption and retention properties of example 2 are significantly higher than those of comparative example 2 because the natural polymer content of comparative example 3 is too low, and thus both the water absorption and retention properties are weak.
Comparing example 2 with comparative example 4 and comparative example 5, the water absorption and water retention of example 2 are significantly higher than those of comparative example 4 because the surfactant content in comparative example 4 is too low to achieve good water absorption and water retention; while comparative example 5 has comparable performance to example 2, but the water absorption and water retention capacity are almost the same and not much improved, and the surfactant added in comparative example 5 is high in content and obviously not economical based on cost considerations.
Comparing example 2 and comparative example 6, it can be seen that comparative example 6 without plasticizer and comparative example 7 without fiber had a higher foam density and a lower porosity; while comparative example 2 performed better and the addition of fiber also made the cost lower.
Among them, the industrial standards for water absorption properties (water absorption capacity and water retention capacity) of the sanitary materials for medical use and the national standards are as follows in table 5.
TABLE 5 Water absorption Property Table
As can be seen from Table 5, the super absorbent bio-based foam material prepared in example 2 of the present invention has a water absorption capacity of 48.8g/g and a water retention capacity of 44.7g/g, which are both much higher than the industrial standard of the composite absorbent core for disposable paper sanitary products and higher than the standard of super absorbent resin for national standard, middle and high sanitation; therefore, the super absorbent bio-based foam material of the present invention is a super absorbent material. The water absorption capacity of the nursing pad is 22.5g/g, and the water retention capacity is 15.8g/g; the super absorbent bio-based foam material prepared in example 2 of the present invention has much higher water absorption capacity and water retention capacity than the nursing pad; therefore, the super absorbent bio-based foam material provided by the invention has good water absorption performance and is suitable for the field of medical sanitary materials.
The natural polymer material in the super water-absorbing bio-based foam material is sourced from organisms and can be naturally degraded. The selected filler, such as plasticizer, fiber, etc., is a naturally degradable material or the content of the filler is low so as not to influence the degradation performance of the foam material. Thus, the superabsorbent bio-based foam of the present invention is capable of 100% degradation.
The invention adopts gel solution/slurry liquid foaming, takes natural polymer material as a matrix, reduces the surface activity of the natural polymer material by adding a surfactant, improves the softness by adding a plasticizer, enhances the mechanical property by adding fibers, and synthesizes the biodegradable composite foam material; the foam material prepared by liquid foaming of the gel solution is of an almost 100% open-cell structure, the full-open-cell structure is favorable for increasing the water absorption performance and the water absorption rate of the foam, and the foam material has excellent water absorption and water retention performance because the natural high polymer material contains a large amount of hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like; the gel in the foam is fibrous, so that the foam is endowed with softness; the preparation method has simple process operation and wide raw material source; the liquid slurry with low viscosity is directly injected by air, so that the energy consumption is low and no pollutant is generated; meanwhile, the added fibers can enhance the mechanical properties of the material.
The super water-absorbing bio-based foam material has a hydrophilic and soft open-cell structure, and the porosity can reach 0.98; the density is as low as 13-25 kg/m 3 Compared with the conventional low-density expanded polystyrene (b)<25.0kg/m 3 ) The foam belongs to an ultra-light low-density foam material, and the characteristic is beneficial to improving the flexibility of the foam; the super absorbent bio-based foam material has the water absorption capacity of up to 48.8g/g and water retentionThe amount reaches 44.7g/g, which far exceeds the industrial standard; and can still maintain certain structural stability after swelling in water at 23 ℃ for 24 hours.
The invention also provides application of the super water-absorbing bio-based foam material in preparation of medical sanitary materials; the super absorbent bio-based foam material provided by the invention is used as an absorber (an absorption core) of a sanitary towel or a diaper, can meet the requirements of water absorption and water retention, is non-toxic, low-carbon, low-energy consumption, low in cost and sustainable in source, and is 100% biodegradable (home compost).
The technical contents of the present invention are further illustrated by the examples, so as to facilitate the understanding of the reader, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any technical extension or re-creation based on the present invention is protected by the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a super water-absorbing bio-based foam material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the plasticizer in water to obtain a plasticizer premix solution;
(2) Uniformly dispersing fibers in water to obtain a fiber solution; adding a natural polymer material and a surfactant into the dispersed fiber solution, stirring, and adding a plasticizer premix while stirring;
(3) After the gel solution is completely dissolved, obtaining a gel solution, introducing air into a liquid phase of the gel solution to carry out physical foaming on the gel solution, and stopping foaming when the target foaming ratio is reached to obtain wet foam;
(4) Pouring the wet foam into a mold, and drying to obtain the super-absorbent bio-based foam material;
the mass ratio of the mass of the natural polymer material to the total mass of the gel solution is 0.01 to 0.5; the mass ratio of the plasticizer to the natural polymer material is 0.01 to 0.5; the mass ratio of the fiber to the natural polymer material is 0.5; the mass ratio of the mass of the surfactant to the total mass of the gel solution is 0.003 to 0.01;
the fiber is selected from one of paper fiber and nano-cellulose;
in the step (3), the target foaming ratio is 5-20 times;
the foam density of the super absorbent bio-based foam material is less than 25kg/m 3 The porosity is more than 0.9, the water absorption capacity is more than 40g/g, and the water retention capacity is more than 40g/g.
2. The method for preparing super absorbent bio-based foam material according to claim 1, wherein the natural polymer material is selected from one or more of agar, carrageenan, alginic acid, pectin, gelatin, locust bean gum, gum arabic, modified cellulose, nanocellulose, modified starch and its derivatives, xanthan gum, and gellan gum.
3. The method for preparing super absorbent bio-based foam according to claim 1, wherein the plasticizer is one selected from sorbitol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, chlorhexidine, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, and octyl phenyl polyethylene glycol ether.
5. The method for preparing the super absorbent bio-based foam material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the stirring conditions are as follows: the stirring temperature is 40-60 ℃, and the stirring time is 20-30 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the super absorbent bio-based foam material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the drying is constant temperature and humidity drying, and the drying conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-80 ℃, the relative humidity is 1-50%, and the drying time is 1-48h.
7. A super absorbent bio-based foam material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the superabsorbent bio-based foam material of claim 7 in the preparation of medical hygiene material.
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