CN114371164A - 一种基于四聚体DNA染料诱导金纳金聚集的Pb2+和Tl+可视化检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种基于四聚体DNA染料诱导金纳金聚集的Pb2+和Tl+‑可视化检测方法，主要利用四聚体DNA染料与带负电荷AuNPs之间的电荷中和作用，快速诱导AuNPs聚集。由于四聚体DNA对某些金属离子的结合能力高于四聚体DNA染料，因此染料可以被金属离子取代而从G‑四链体的空腔中释放出来，诱导AuNPs聚集，溶液由红色变为深蓝色。通过观察溶液颜色的变化，实现对Pb2+和Tl+的半定量检测；用智能手机对颜色的RGB值进行分析，实现对Pb2+和Tl+的定量检测，其检出限可达3.3nM。同时，该法对样品的分析结果与GF‑AAS测定值或参考值吻合良好。此外，该传感体系还成功被用于儿童玩具中Pb2+安全性评估和煤矿雨水浸泡过程中Tl+泄漏的评价。该法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强等优点，对环境中Pb2+和Tl+检测具有实际应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于四聚体DNA染料诱导金纳金聚集的Pb2+和Tl+可视化检测方法，建立了AuNPs的无标记比色传感平台对Pb2+和Tl+进行可视化检测，属于环境分析技术领域。
背景技术
Pb和Tl是两种元素周期表中相邻的重金属元素，Pb2+作为一种有毒有害的水污染物，在体内积累会损害儿童的智力发展；Tl+的化合物具有诱变性、致癌性和致畸性，急性摄入或慢性接触均可进入人体，使人类健康受到极大的威胁。传统检测Pb2+和Tl+的方法有原子吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体(ICP)-原子发射光谱或ICP-质谱等，这些分析方法均昂贵的大型仪器、难以实现野外现场检测。可视化检测技术仅通过肉眼观察颜色的变化就能实现待测物的半定量分析，而且智能手机数据采集及处理系统的发展更是为可视化现场检测提供了新的发展方向。因此，可视化传感技术是极具前景的环境水样重金属离子现场检测。
近年来，研究表明Pb2+和Tl+等金属离子能够特异性地诱导富G序列DNA形成四聚体结构(Trend Anal. Chem., 2020,132, 116060)。基于这一特性，已发展了许多基于四聚体DNA检测Pb2+和Tl+的可视化检测技术(J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 16329-16334; ACSSens., 2015, 1, 137-143)，但这些方法大多都是通过电荷屏蔽的盐诱导来实现AuNPs的聚集，其动力学过程较为复杂，测量时样品颜色会不断变化，使得定量测定困难(Macromolecules, 2017, 50, 7333-7343)。因此，本发明采用G-四链体染料通过电荷中和来诱导AuNPs聚集，并结合智能手机的数据采集及处理系统，建立了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的Pb2+和Tl+无标记可视化传感技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于利用带正电荷的四聚体DNA染料中和AuNPs表面的负电荷，从而快速诱导AuNPs聚集。由于Pb2+和Tl+会同四聚体DNA染料竞争四聚体DNA的空腔位点，故可释放染料，调控AuNPs聚集，实现Pb2+和Tl+的高灵敏检测。本发明的技术方案如下：
（1）在96微孔板中加入四聚体DNA溶液（用pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液配置)，随即加入四聚体DNA染料和AuNPs，搅拌均匀，此时溶液的颜色为红色，测定的是空白信号；
（2）在96微孔板中加入不同浓度的目标金属离子或样品溶液及其探针链四聚体DNA溶液（用pH 7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液配置)，随即加入四聚体DNA染料和AuNPs，搅拌均匀，此时的溶液颜色转为蓝色，测定的是样品信号；
（3）通过对比有无目标物存在时AuNPs的颜色变化，实现对目标金属离子的可视化半定量分析；通过智能手机的应用程序对溶液的颜色进行分析，得到红色（Red）、绿色（Green）和蓝色（Blue）的RGB值，实现对金属离子的快速、准确定量检测。
发明效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
（1）显色效果好，与传统盐诱导的聚集相比，该方法聚集后的溶液颜色深且稳定。
（2）灵敏度高，Pb2+和Tl+检出限可达3.3 nM。
（3）选择性和抗干扰能力强,对16种金属离子的抗干扰倍数在10~2500范围内。
（4）实用性强，无需大型精密仪器，仅需智能手机便能实现样品的实时监测，具有操作简便、成本低廉的优点。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在96孔板中，加入不同浓度的Pb2+及其20 nM的适配体链T30695 (5’-GGGTGGGTGGGTGGGT -3’)，采用pH为7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液配置)，避光孵育5 min，随即将ThT(1.30 μM)和AuNPs (4.0 nM)依次加入溶液中，搅拌均匀。静置10 min后，先用智能手机(HUAWEI, Honor V10)拍照记录比色结果，再使用“色采”应用程序分析颜色的RGB值; 在相同条件下，测定空白信号；通过对比有无目标物存在时AuNPs的颜色变化，实现对Pb2+的可视化半定量分析；通过对样品颜色的RGB值进行分析，实现对Pb2+的准确定量检测。
实施例2
在96孔板中，加入不同浓度的Tl+及其20 nM的适配体链PS2.M（5’- GTG GGT AGGGCG GGT TGG -3’），采用pH为7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液配置)，避光孵育5 min，随即将ThT(1.30 μM)和AuNPs (4.0 nM)依次加入溶液中，搅拌均匀。静置10 min后，先用智能手机(HUAWEI, Honor V10)拍照记录比色结果，再使用“色采”应用程序分析颜色的RGB值; 在相同条件下，测定空白信号；通过对比有无目标物存在时AuNPs的颜色变化，实现对Tl+的可视化半定量分析；通过对样品颜色的RGB值进行分析，实现对Tl+的准确定量检测。
采用实施例1、2检测了标准水样、玩具、油漆中的Pb2+浓度，同时还检测了标准水样、各种废水中的Tl+浓度，结果与石墨炉原子吸收法测定值或标准水样参考值吻合良好，表明测定结果可靠。同时，该方法应用于儿童玩具中Pb2+安全性评估和煤中Tl+泄漏的评价。用模拟唾液浸泡儿童玩具36 h后，唾液中Pb2+含量仍未检出，说明该批玩具Pb2+含量符合国家标准；在煤中加入雨水后，随着浸泡时间的增加，Tl+的泄漏量逐渐增加，并在12 h后达到平台，考察两种煤Tl+的泄漏量分别为5.85 ng/g和9.41 ng/g。
Claims (5)
1.一种基于四聚体DNA染料诱导金纳金聚集的Pb2+和Tl+可视化检测方法，其特征在于包括以下几个方面：
（1）带正电的四聚体DNA染料能够中和金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）表面的负电荷，从而引起金纳米的快速聚集，呈现出深蓝色；
（2）当加入四聚体时，四聚体染料会诱导它形成四聚体结构，染料嵌入四链体空腔中，避免了染料与AuNPs的相互作用，AuNPs呈分散状态，显现出红色；
（3）当有Pb2+和Tl+存在时，Pb2+/Tl+与四聚体DNA染料竞争四链体的空腔，使染料与AuNPs直接作用，AuNPs快速团聚，呈现为蓝色；
（4）通过对比有无目标物存在时AuNPs的颜色变化，实现对重金属Pb2+和Tl+的可视化检测分析；通过智能手机的应用程序对溶液的颜色进行分析，得到红色（Red）、绿色（Green）和蓝色（Blue）的RGB值，实现对金属离子的快速定量。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于诱导AuNPs聚集的试剂为G4-DNA染料，其种类包括硫黄素T，噻唑橙，黄藤素等，其浓度为0.8-1.4μM。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所采用的四聚体DNA的浓度为5-30 nM。
4.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于G4-DNA染料与G4-DNA孵育形成四链体的时间为0-10 min。
5.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于核酸染料诱导AuNPs聚集所需的时间为0-10min。
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