CN114400851B - Layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of small hydroelectric generation stator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a small hydropower stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator, which comprises a first rotor, a first magnet adjustment block group, a stator, a second magnet adjustment block group, a second Rotor; between the first rotor and the first magnet adjustment block group, between the first magnet adjustment block group and the stator, between the stator and the second magnet adjustment block group, between the second magnet adjustment block group and the second rotor Leave an air gap. The magnetic flux generator of the present invention solves the problems of low flux regulation efficiency, low voltage adjustment flexibility, poor heat dissipation capacity and the like of the existing hybrid excitation axial flux generator.

Description

Small hydropower stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of axial magnetic flux permanent magnet generators, and relates to a small-sized hydraulic power generation stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator.

Background technique

Hydropower is the world's largest source of renewable energy power generation. With the continuous development of hydropower technology, the requirements for generator performance such as power generation efficiency, power density, and voltage fluctuation are getting higher and higher. Hybrid excitation generator not only has the advantages of high power density of permanent magnet excitation generator, but also has the characteristics of adjustable output voltage of electric excitation generator, and has broad application prospects in the field of hydropower generation.

Axial flux hybrid excitation generator combines the characteristics of hybrid excitation generator and axial flux permanent magnet motor, with compact structure, small volume, high space utilization, good robustness, high power generation efficiency, high power density, It has the advantages of convenient heat dissipation and is very suitable for the field of hydropower generation. However, the efficiency of magnetic regulation is not high, the adjustment of the air gap magnetic field is not flexible enough, and the electric excitation needs to apply continuous magnetic regulation current, and the loss is large, which limits the further improvement of power generation efficiency and power density. Poor heat dissipation.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a small hydropower stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator, which solves the problems of low magnetic adjustment efficiency, low voltage adjustment flexibility and poor heat dissipation ability of existing hybrid excitation axial flux generators And other issues.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is that the small-scale hydroelectric generator stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator includes the first rotor, the first magnet adjustment block group, the stator, and the second magnet adjustment coaxially installed sequentially. block group, second rotor; between the first rotor and the first magnetization block group, between the first magnetization block group and the stator, between the stator and the second magnetization block group, between the second magnetization block group and the second magnetization block group There is an air gap between the two rotors.

The present invention is also characterized in that,

The first rotor and the second rotor have the same structure and are symmetrical about the center of the stator. They both include eight NdFeB permanent magnets. The eight NdFeB permanent magnets A are connected in turn to form a ring shape. The eight NdFeB permanent magnets A The reverse polarity surface is pasted on the annular rotor back iron, and the rotor back iron is set away from the stator.

The first magnet adjustment block group and the second magnet adjustment block group have the same structure and are symmetrical about the center of the stator. They both include 24 magnet adjustment blocks, and the 24 magnet adjustment blocks are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference to form a ring shape.

The stator includes a stator middle unit, and stator side units are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the stator middle unit;

Each stator side unit includes twelve stator teeth and twelve NdFeB permanent magnets B, the stator teeth and NdFeB permanent magnets B are arranged alternately to form a ring shape, and each stator tooth is wound with a concentrated pulse coil B and centralized armature coils.

The stator intermediate unit includes twelve AlNiCo permanent magnets A and twelve sector-shaped stator cores. AlNiCo permanent magnets A and sector-shaped stator cores are arranged alternately to form a ring shape. Both sides of each sector-shaped stator core are symmetrical. Alnico permanent magnets B are pasted, and a centralized pulse coil A is wound on each alnico permanent magnet B.

Each NdFeB permanent magnet B and each AlNiCo permanent magnet A is tangentially magnetized, and each AlNiCo permanent magnet B is axially magnetized.

The magnetization directions of adjacent NdFeB permanent magnets B are opposite.

Each stator tooth is a salient pole structure.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is,

(1) The present invention's small-scale hydraulic power generation stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator, the stator is a layered axial topological structure, compact in structure, small in size, high in power density, convenient in heat dissipation, and controlled by centralized The magnitude and direction of the current on the pulse coil B can easily change the magnetization direction and level of the AlNiCo permanent magnet A. The air gap magnetic field is flexible and adjustable. The centralized pulse coil B does not need to apply a continuous magnetization current, and the magnetization efficiency is high. Loss Small;

(2) The stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the small-sized hydropower generation of the present invention, the NdFeB permanent magnet B and the AlNiCo permanent magnet A adopt tangential magnetization, and the AlNiCo permanent magnet B adopts a shaft The direction of magnetization is opposite to that of the adjacent NdFeB permanent magnet B, and the stator teeth have a salient pole structure, which can produce a magnetic concentration effect and effectively improve the air gap magnetic flux density;

(3) The stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the present invention is equipped with a first magnet adjustment block group and a second magnet adjustment block group, which can adjust the stator, the first rotor, and the second rotor The magnetic field generated by the side permanent magnet is modulated to effectively couple the two magnetic fields, improve the utilization rate of the permanent magnet, and then improve the efficiency and power density of the generator;

(4) The stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the present invention, the stator teeth are wound with a centralized pulse coil B, which can be used as the armature winding to participate in power generation when the magnetic field is not adjusted, and the generator can be improved. Work efficiency, when the generator is operating with increased magnetization, the centralized pulse coil B and the centralized pulse coil A can be used as backups for each other, and the two sets of pulse coils can be controlled independently to improve the fault tolerance of the generator;

(5) In the present invention, the small-sized hydropower generation stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator, the NdFeB permanent magnet A with reverse polarity surface is pasted on the annular rotor back iron, which can improve the utilization of generator materials rate, thereby increasing the generator power density;

(6) The stator layered axial magnetic permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the present invention has a small hydropower generator, and the centralized armature coils on the two stator side units are connected in series or in parallel, which can be used for synergistic operation or independent operation , control, flexible and convenient to use.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention's small-scale hydroelectric generator stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the stator in the layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the small hydropower stator of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetization operation principle of the small-scale hydroelectric power generation stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the demagnetization operation of the small hydroelectric generator stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the present invention.

In the figure, 1. First rotor, 2. First magnet adjustment block group, 3. Stator, 4. Second magnet adjustment block group, 5. Second rotor, 6. Rotor back iron, 7. NdFeB permanent magnet A, 8. Adjusting magnet block, 9. Stator teeth, 10. NdFeB permanent magnet B, 11. Alnico permanent magnet A, 12. Fan-shaped stator core, 13. Centralized pulse coil A, 14. Alnico Permanent magnet B, 15. Concentrated pulse coil B, 16. Concentrated armature coil, 17. First air gap, 18. Second air gap.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The present invention provides a small-sized hydraulic power generation stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator. The structure is shown in Fig. 3. The second magnet adjustment block group 4, the second rotor 5; between the first rotor 1 and the first magnet adjustment block group 2, between the first magnet adjustment block group 2 and the stator 3, between the stator 3 and the second magnet adjustment block group There are air gaps between the block groups 4, between the second magnet adjustment block group 4 and the second rotor 5, and the iron cores in the first rotor 1, stator 3 and the second rotor 5 are all disc topological structures, which improve power generation Machine space utilization, thereby improving power density.

The first rotor 1 and the second rotor 5 have the same structure and are symmetrical about the center of the stator 3. They both include eight NdFeB permanent magnets 7, and the eight NdFeB permanent magnets A7 are connected in turn to form a ring shape, and the eight NdFeB permanent magnets A7 The permanent magnets A7 are attached to the ring-shaped surface with opposite polarity, and the rotor back iron 6 is set away from the stator 3 .

The first magnet adjustment block group 2 and the second magnet adjustment block group 4 have the same structure and are symmetrical about the center of the stator 3. They both include twenty-four magnet adjustment blocks 8, and the twenty-four magnet adjustment blocks 8 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference to form Ring shape; a first air gap 17 is provided between the first magnet adjustment block group 2 and the NdFeB permanent magnet A7, and a second air gap 18 is provided between the first magnet adjustment block group 2 and the stator side unit.

As shown in FIG. 2, the stator 3 adopts a layered structure, specifically including a stator middle unit, and stator side units are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the stator middle unit;

Each stator side unit includes twelve stator teeth 9 and twelve NdFeB permanent magnets B10, each stator tooth 9 is a salient pole structure, and the stator teeth 9 and the NdFeB permanent magnets B10 are arranged alternately to form a circle Ring shape, each NdFeB permanent magnet B10 is tangentially magnetized, and the magnetization direction of adjacent NdFeB permanent magnets B10 is opposite to enhance the air gap magnetic density; each stator tooth 9 is wound with a centralized pulse coil B15 and concentrated armature coils 16, the concentrated armature coils 16 on the two stator side units are connected in series or in parallel, and the twenty-four concentrated armature coils 16 in the two stator side units constitute the three-phase of the stator 3 For the armature winding, the two stator side units are arranged in the form of "back to back", that is, the stator teeth 9 and the NdFeB permanent magnets B10 in the two stator side units are arranged close to the stator middle unit.

The stator intermediate unit includes twelve AlNiCo permanent magnets A11 and twelve segmental stator cores 12, the AlNiCo permanent magnets A11 and segmental stator cores 12 are alternately arranged to form a circular ring, and each segmental stator core 12 has two sides The symmetrical surface is attached with AlNiCo permanent magnet B14, each AlNiCo permanent magnet A11 is tangentially magnetized, each AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 is axially magnetized, and each AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 is wound There is a centralized impulse coil A13.

The magnetization of the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11 and the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 is changed by applying a pulse current to the centralized pulse coil A13 or the centralized pulse coil B15 in the small hydropower stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator Horizontal and magnetization direction, flexible adjustment of air gap magnetic field, high efficiency of magnetic adjustment; the stator 3 adopts a layered structure to make the motor have good heat dissipation capability, and the first magnetic adjustment block group 2 between the stator, the first rotor 1 and the third rotor 3 , The second adjusting magnet block group 4 can couple the permanent magnetic fields of the stator, the first rotor 1 and the third rotor 3, and improve the air gap flux density.

As shown in Figure 3, the magnetization operation schematic diagram of the small-scale hydroelectric power generation stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator of the present invention, the solid line with arrows represents the NdFeB permanent magnet B on the stator 3 and the first rotor 1. The path of the magnetic flux generated by the NdFeB permanent magnet A on the second rotor 5, the dotted line with arrows indicates the path of the magnetic flux generated by the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11 and the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 on the stator 3. The air gap magnetic field is jointly provided by NdFeB permanent magnet A7, NdFeB permanent magnet B, AlNiCo permanent magnet A11, and AlNiCo permanent magnet B14. When it is necessary to output a larger voltage or the rotational speed of the first rotor and the second rotor is lower and a stable output voltage is required, a pulse current is applied to the centralized pulse coil A13 to change the magnetization direction of the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11 and the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 For the orientation shown in Figure 3, the generator operates in the magnetization mode. The magnetic flux generated by the NdFeB permanent magnet B10 passes through the NdFeB permanent magnet B10, passes through the stator teeth 9, the second air gap 18, the adjusting magnet block 8, and the first air gap 17, and penetrates into the NdFeB permanent magnet A7 , and then pass through the NdFeB permanent magnet A7, pass through the rotor back iron 6, penetrate into the adjacent reverse polarity magnetized NdFeB permanent magnet A7, and then pass through the first air gap 17, the adjusting magnet block 8, the second Two air gaps 18, stator teeth 9, finally return to the NdFeB permanent magnet B10. The magnetic flux produced by the AlNiCo permanent magnet passes through the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11, penetrates the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 through the fan-shaped stator core 12, enters the stator tooth 9, and passes through the stator tooth 9, the second air gap 18, and the Adjusting magnet block 8, the first air gap 17, penetrates the NdFeB permanent magnet A7, passes through the rotor back iron 6, passes through the adjacent reverse polarity magnetized NdFeB permanent magnet A7, and then passes through the first air gap 17. The magnet adjustment block 8, the second air gap 18, and the stator teeth 9 penetrate into the alnico permanent magnet A11, enter the fan-shaped stator core 12, and finally return to the alnico permanent magnet B14.

As shown in Figure 4, the demagnetization operation schematic diagram of the present invention's small hydropower stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator, the solid line with arrows represents the NdFeB permanent magnet B10 on the stator 3 and the first rotor 1. The path of the magnetic flux generated by the NdFeB permanent magnet A7 on the second rotor, and the dotted line with arrows indicates the path of the magnetic flux generated by the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11 and the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 on the stator 3 . The air gap magnetic field is jointly provided by NdFeB permanent magnet A7 and NdFeB permanent magnet B10. When it is necessary to output a small voltage or the rotor speed is too fast to stabilize the output voltage, apply a pulse current to the centralized pulse coil A13 or centralized pulse coil B15 to change the magnetization direction of the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11 and the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 For the orientation shown in Figure 4, the generator operates in demagnetized mode. The magnetic flux generated by the NdFeB permanent magnet passes through the NdFeB permanent magnet B10, passes through the stator teeth 9, the second air gap 18, the adjusting magnet block 8, and the first air gap 17, and penetrates into the NdFeB permanent magnet A7, Then pass through the NdFeB permanent magnet A7, pass through the rotor back iron 6, penetrate into the adjacent reverse polarity magnetized NdFeB permanent magnet A7, and then pass through the first air gap 17, the adjusting magnet block 8, the second Air gap 18, stator teeth, and finally back to NdFeB permanent magnet B10. The magnetic flux generated by the AlNiCo permanent magnet passes through the AlNiCo permanent magnet A11, penetrates into the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 through the fan-shaped stator core 12, enters the stator tooth 9, and penetrates the NdFeB permanent magnet along the yoke of the stator tooth 9. The magnet B10 penetrates into the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 along the yoke of the adjacent stator teeth 9, and returns to the AlNiCo permanent magnet B14 through the fan-shaped stator core 12.

Claims (6)

1. A small-scale hydroelectric stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator, which is characterized in that it includes the first rotor (1), the first magnet adjustment block group (2), and the stator (3 ), the second magnet adjustment block group (4), the second rotor (5); between the first rotor (1) and the first magnet adjustment block group (2), between the first magnet adjustment block group (2) and Air gaps are left between the stators (3), between the stator (3) and the second magnet adjustment block group (4), and between the second magnet adjustment block group (4) and the second rotor (5); The stator (3) includes a stator middle unit, and stator side units are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the stator middle unit; Each of the stator side units includes twelve stator teeth (9) and twelve NdFeB permanent magnets B (10), the stator teeth (9) and the NdFeB permanent magnets B (10) Arranged alternately to form a circular ring, each of the stator teeth (9) is wound with a concentrated pulse coil B (15) and a concentrated armature coil (16); The stator intermediate unit includes twelve AlNiCo permanent magnets A (11) and twelve sector-shaped stator cores (12), and the AlNiCo permanent magnets A (11) and the sector-shaped stator cores (12) are alternately Arranged to form a ring shape, each of the fan-shaped stator cores (12) is symmetrically surface-mounted with AlNiCo permanent magnets B (14), and each of the AlNiCo permanent magnets B (14) is wound There is a centralized impulse coil A (13). 2. The small hydroelectric stator layered axial field permanent magnet controllable flux generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rotor (1) and the second rotor (5) have the same structure and Symmetrical about the center of the stator (3), each includes eight NdFeB permanent magnets (7), and the eight NdFeB permanent magnets A (7) are sequentially connected to form a ring shape, and the eight NdFeB permanent magnets A (7) is attached to the circular rotor back iron (6) with reversed polarity, and the rotor back iron (6) is set away from the stator (3). 3. The small-sized hydroelectric stator layered axial magnetic field permanent magnet controllable flux generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first magnet adjustment block group (2) and the second magnet adjustment block group ( 4) have the same structure and are symmetrical about the center of the stator (3), including twenty-four magnet adjustment blocks (8), and the twenty-four magnet adjustment blocks (8) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference to form a ring shape. 4. The small hydroelectric stator layered axial field permanent magnet controllable flux generator according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the NdFeB permanent magnets B (10) and each of the aluminum The nickel-cobalt permanent magnet A (11) is magnetized tangentially, and each of the alnico permanent magnets B (14) is magnetized axially. 5 . The small hydropower stator layered axial field permanent magnet controllable flux generator according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetization directions of the adjacent NdFeB permanent magnets B ( 10 ) are opposite. 6. The small hydropower stator layered axial field permanent magnet controllable flux generator according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the stator teeth (9) is a salient pole structure.