CN114509242B - Method and device for measuring focal length of laser crystal thermal lens - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring focal length of laser crystal thermal lens Download PDFInfo
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- CN114509242B CN114509242B CN202210151361.0A CN202210151361A CN114509242B CN 114509242 B CN114509242 B CN 114509242B CN 202210151361 A CN202210151361 A CN 202210151361A CN 114509242 B CN114509242 B CN 114509242B
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017502 Nd:YVO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, wherein the method generates an input power-output power curve by acquiring the injection pumping power and the output power of a laser to be measured, and calculates the real beam waist radius of oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power according to the input power-output power curve; calculating the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, and drawing a target curve by taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length as an ordinate; and finally, determining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens on a target curve according to the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected, and obtaining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens with higher accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to a method and a device for measuring a focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal.
Background
The all-solid-state laser has important application value in basic scientific research fields such as quantum information, cold atom physics, precision measurement and the like and military national defense fields such as laser radar, laser remote sensing, satellite communication, navigation and the like due to the characteristics of low noise, narrow linewidth, perfect beam quality and the like when outputting laser, and in the preparation of the high-quality all-solid-state laser, the thermal lens focal length of a laser crystal is taken as an important parameter, and the spatial distribution of cavity modes in the laser crystal of a laser resonant cavity influences the mode matching of pump laser and oscillation laser at the laser crystal, so that the output power of the laser is influenced, the output power and the laser beam quality of the laser are degraded when the thermal lens effect of the laser crystal is serious, and the service life of the laser is influenced.
At present, the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens is measured by three methods: the method comprises the steps of (1) measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens by adopting probe light, wherein the method needs additional devices and devices such as probe light, a beam quality analyzer, a wave plate, a beam splitter and the like, and the devices are complex, high in cost and easy to introduce errors; secondly, by adjusting the current of the pumping source, the auxiliary pulse laser is utilized to emit pulse laser vertically into the laser crystal, a focusing point is formed outside the laser crystal, and the focal length of the thermal lens is calculated; and thirdly, forming an optical resonant cavity by means of the electro-optical adjusting framework, and automatically measuring the thermal lens focal length of the solid laser. The three methods for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens are not high in measurement accuracy, and are not suitable for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens of the laser which is subjected to debugging and packaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens needs an auxiliary tool and has low measurement accuracy, so the invention provides the method and the device for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens, which can realize the measurement of the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured by only one power meter without changing the structure of the laser, has simple device, convenient operation, low cost and higher measurement accuracy, is suitable for the measurement of the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens of the laser which is being debugged, is finished and is already packaged, and is particularly suitable for the measurement of the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens in an all-solid-state laser with a linear relation of a fundamental frequency light laser input-output power curve.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of measuring a focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, comprising:
acquiring injection pump power and corresponding laser output power of a laser to be tested, and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pump power and the laser output power;
Calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power based on the input-output power curve;
according to the cavity structure parameters of the tested laser, calculating to obtain the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length through a resonant cavity matrix, and drawing a target curve;
based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power, obtaining two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths through a target curve to serve as two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths to be determined;
and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the corresponding focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Further, the calculating, based on the input-output power curve, a true beam waist radius of the laser oscillating at the laser crystal at the injection pump power includes:
calculating laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
And acquiring the beam waist radius of the pumping laser, and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser.
Further, the calculating the laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve includes:
selecting a set of injection pump power and laser output power above a laser threshold based on the input-output power curve;
calling a laser oblique efficiency calculation formula to calculate the selected injection pumping power, the output power and the laser threshold value to obtain the laser oblique efficiency;
The calculation formula of the laser tilt efficiency specifically comprises the following steps:
Where η s denotes the laser tilt efficiency, P out denotes the selected output power, P in denotes the selected input power, and P th denotes the laser threshold.
Further, the calculating, based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser, the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected includes:
The laser beam waist radius calculation formula is called to calculate the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser, so that the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal is obtained when the pumping power is injected;
the calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius is specifically as follows:
Wherein ω c represents the true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected, ω p represents the beam waist radius of the pump laser, η s represents the laser tilt efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in a calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius, Wherein v l denotes an output laser frequency, v p denotes a pump laser frequency, T denotes a transmittance of an output coupling mirror in the laser to be measured, δ denotes an intra-cavity loss of the laser to be measured, η a denotes an absorption efficiency of the gain medium to the pump laser, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α denotes an absorption coefficient of the gain medium to the pump laser in the laser to be measured, and l denotes a radial length of the gain medium.
Further, according to the cavity structure parameters of the tested laser, calculating by using a resonant cavity matrix to obtain a focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and a real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens, and drawing a target curve, including:
according to the cavity structure parameters of the tested laser, calculating to obtain the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix;
and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lenses as an abscissa, taking the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length as an ordinate, and drawing a target curve.
Further, the method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens further comprises the following steps:
the beam waist radius of the pump laser and the injection pump power are calculated by calling a thermal lens focal length calculation formula, so that the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when the pump power is injected is obtained;
The thermal lens focal length calculation formula specifically comprises:
Wherein f th3 represents a thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal corresponding to injection of pumping power, K represents a thermal conductivity of the laser crystal in the laser to be measured, ω p represents a beam waist radius of the pumping laser, η h represents a thermal load of the laser crystal, P in represents injection of pumping power, η a represents an absorption efficiency of the pumping laser by the gain medium, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α represents an absorption coefficient of the pumping laser by the gain medium in the laser to be measured, l represents a radial length of the gain medium, dn/dT represents a thermo-optical coefficient of refractive index n.
A device for measuring a focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, comprising:
The input-output power curve drawing module is used for obtaining the injection pumping power and the corresponding laser output power of the laser to be tested and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pumping power and the laser output power;
the real beam waist radius calculation module is used for calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected based on the input-output power curve;
The target curve drawing module is used for obtaining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through calculation of the resonant cavity matrix according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be tested, and drawing a target curve;
The focal length to be determined acquisition module is used for acquiring two corresponding focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses through a target curve based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power as two focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined;
The actual focal length calculation module is used for calculating the absolute value of the difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Further, the real beam waist radius calculation module includes:
a laser bias efficiency calculation unit for calculating laser bias efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
The real beam waist radius calculation unit is used for obtaining the beam waist radius of the pumping laser and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser.
The laser applied to the method for measuring the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens comprises a pumping laser source, a coupling system, a power meter and a laser resonant cavity formed by an input coupling mirror, a first high-reflection mirror, a second high-reflection mirror and an output coupling mirror, wherein the laser resonant cavity is sequentially provided with a laser crystal and an optical isolator;
The pump laser source emits laser, the laser is coupled through the coupling system and then is transmitted to the input coupling mirror, the input coupling mirror transmits the received laser to the first high-reflection mirror through the laser crystal and the optical isolator, the first high-reflection mirror reflects the received laser to the second high-reflection mirror, the second high-reflection mirror transmits the received laser to the output coupling mirror, and the output coupling mirror transmits the received laser to the input coupling mirror; the power meter is used for measuring the output power when the output coupling mirror 6 outputs laser light.
Further, the pump laser source adopts an optical fiber coupling laser diode, the input coupling mirror adopts a concave lens, the first high-reflection mirror adopts a convex lens, and the second high-reflection mirror and the output coupling mirror adopt a plano-concave lens.
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, which are characterized in that an input power-output power curve is generated by acquiring injection pumping power and output power of a laser to be measured, and the real beam waist radius of oscillation laser at a laser crystal at the injection pumping power is calculated according to the input power-output power curve; calculating the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, and drawing a target curve by taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length as an ordinate; and finally, determining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens on a target curve according to the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected, and obtaining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens with higher accuracy.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a specific step S20 in fig. 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring the focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a laser principle applied to a method for measuring a focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of input-output power in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of the target curve in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for measuring a focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal, comprising:
S10: the injection pump power P in and the corresponding laser output power P out of the laser to be tested are obtained, and an input-output power curve is drawn based on the injection pump power P in and the laser output power P out.
The laser to be tested in the embodiment is an all-solid-state continuous wave laser with a four-mirror annular cavity structure.
S20: the true beam waist radius ω c of the oscillating laser at the laser crystal at the injection pump power P in is calculated based on the input-output power curve.
Specifically, after an input-output power curve is obtained, firstly calculating laser tilt efficiency eta s according to the input-output power curve; and then acquiring the beam waist radius omega p of the pumping laser, and calculating the real beam waist radius omega c of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected based on the laser tilt efficiency eta s and the beam waist radius omega p of the pumping laser.
S30: according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, the focal length f th of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius omega l of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens are obtained through calculation of the resonant cavity matrix, and a target curve is drawn.
Wherein the cavity matrix value is the ABCD matrix within the cavity.
Specifically, according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, calculating to obtain a laser crystal thermal lens focal length f th and a real beam waist radius omega l of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length through a resonant cavity matrix; and drawing a target curve by taking the focal length f th of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa and the real beam waist radius omega l of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens as an ordinate.
S40: based on the real beam waist radius omega c of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pump power, two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths are obtained through the target curve as two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths f th1、fth2 to be determined.
S50: and calculating the absolute value of the difference between the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length f th3 and the two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths f th1、fth2 to be determined when the pumping power P in is injected, and taking the laser crystal thermal lens focal length to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Specifically, a thermal lens focal length calculation formula is called to calculate the beam waist radius of pump laser and injection pump power, so as to obtain the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when the pump power is injected; and then calculating the absolute value |f th3-fth1|、|fth3-fth2 | of the difference between the corresponding focal length f th3 of the laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths f th1、fth2 of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
The thermal lens focal length calculation formula specifically comprises:
Wherein f th3 represents a thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal corresponding to injection of pumping power, K represents a thermal conductivity of the laser crystal in the laser to be measured, ω p represents a beam waist radius of the pumping laser, η h represents a thermal load of the laser crystal, P in represents injection of pumping power, η a represents an absorption efficiency of the pumping laser by the gain medium, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α represents an absorption coefficient of the pumping laser by the gain medium in the laser to be measured, l represents a radial length of the gain medium, dn/dT represents a thermo-optical coefficient of refractive index n.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, step S20, calculating the true beam waist radius of the laser oscillated at the laser crystal at the injection pump power based on the input-output power curve, specifically includes the following steps:
s21: the laser tilt efficiency is calculated based on the input-output power curve.
Specifically, after an input-output power curve is obtained, a group of injection pump power and laser output power are selected at a position higher than a laser threshold based on the input-output power curve, and a laser oblique efficiency calculation formula is called to calculate the selected injection pump power, output power and laser threshold, so that the laser oblique efficiency is obtained.
The calculation formula of the laser tilt efficiency specifically comprises the following steps:
Where η s denotes the laser tilt efficiency, P out denotes the selected output power, P in denotes the selected input power, and P th denotes the laser threshold.
S22: and acquiring the beam waist radius of the pumping laser, and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser.
Specifically, a laser beam waist radius calculation formula is called to calculate the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser, so as to obtain the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected.
The calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius is specifically as follows:
wherein ω c represents the true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected, ω p represents the beam waist radius of the pump laser, η s represents the laser tilt efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in a calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius, the calculation parameter is actually the laser tilt efficiency under the condition of strong pumping output, Wherein v l denotes an output laser frequency, v p denotes a pump laser frequency, T denotes a transmittance of an output coupling mirror in the laser to be measured, δ denotes an intra-cavity loss of the laser to be measured, η a denotes an absorption efficiency of the gain medium to the pump laser, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α denotes an absorption coefficient of the gain medium to the pump laser in the laser to be measured, and l denotes a radial length of the gain medium.
The invention provides a method for measuring focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, which is characterized in that an input power-output power curve is generated by acquiring injection pumping power and output power of a laser to be measured, and the real beam waist radius of oscillation laser at a laser crystal at the injection pumping power is calculated according to the input power-output power curve; calculating the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of the laser to be measured and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, and drawing a target curve by taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens as an abscissa and the beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length as an ordinate; and finally, determining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens on a target curve according to the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected, and obtaining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens with higher accuracy.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a device for measuring a focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal, which corresponds to the method for measuring a focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal in embodiment 1, and includes an input-output power curve drawing module 10, a real beam waist radius calculating module 20, a target curve drawing module 30, a focal length to be determined obtaining module 40, and an actual focal length calculating module 50. The functional modules are described in detail as follows:
The input-output power curve drawing module 10 is configured to obtain an injection pump power and a corresponding laser output power of the laser under test, and draw an input-output power curve based on the injection pump power and the laser output power.
The real beam waist radius calculation module 20 is used for calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pump power is injected based on the input-output power curve.
The target curve drawing module 30 is configured to calculate, according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be measured, a focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and a real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix, and draw a target curve.
The focal length to be determined obtaining module 40 is configured to obtain two corresponding focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses as two focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined through a target curve based on a real beam waist radius of the laser oscillated at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected.
The actual focal length calculating module 50 is configured to calculate an absolute value of a difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when the pump power is injected, and take the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens.
Further, the real beam waist radius calculation module 20 includes a laser tilt efficiency calculation unit and a real beam waist radius calculation unit.
And a laser tilt efficiency calculation unit for calculating the laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve.
The real beam waist radius calculation unit is used for obtaining the beam waist radius of the pumping laser and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser.
For a specific definition of a device for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, reference is made to the definition of a method for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens hereinabove, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a laser applied to a method for measuring a focal length of a thermal lens of a laser crystal in embodiment 1, which includes a pump laser source 1, a coupling system 2, a power meter 9, a laser resonator formed by an input coupling mirror 3, a first high-reflection mirror 4, a second high-reflection mirror 5, and an output coupling mirror 6, and the laser resonator is sequentially provided with a laser crystal 7 and an optical isolator 8.
The pump laser source 1 emits laser, the laser is coupled by the coupling system 2 and then is transmitted to the input coupling mirror 3, the input coupling mirror 3 transmits received light to the first high-reflection mirror 4 through the laser crystal 7 and the optical isolator 8, the first high-reflection mirror 4 reflects the received light to the second high-reflection mirror 5, the second high-reflection mirror 5 transmits the received light to the output coupling mirror 6, and the output coupling mirror 6 transmits the received light to the input coupling mirror 3; the power meter 9 is used to measure the laser output power when the output coupling mirror 6 outputs laser light to draw a laser input-output power curve.
Further, the pump laser source 1 adopts an optical fiber coupling laser diode, the input coupling mirror 3 adopts a concave lens, the first high reflecting mirror 4 adopts a convex lens, the second high reflecting mirror 5 and the output coupling mirror 6 adopt a plano-concave lens.
Specifically, the input coupling mirror 3 adopts a concave lens with a curvature radius of 1500mm, and the concave lens is plated with a 888nm high-transmittance film with a transmittance of more than 99.5% and a 1064nm high-reflectance film with a reflectance of more than 99.7%; the first high reflection mirror 4 adopts a convex lens with a curvature radius of 1500mm, and a 1064nm high reflection film with a light reflection rate of more than 99.7% is plated on the convex lens; the second high reflection mirror 5 adopts a plano-concave lens with the curvature radius of-100 mm, and a 1064nm high reflection film with the reflectivity of more than 99.7% is plated on the plano-concave lens; the output coupling mirror 6 employs a plano-concave lens with a radius of curvature of-100 mm, which is coated with a 1064nm light-transmitting film with a transmittance of 20%.
The pump source 1 adopts an 888nm optical fiber coupling laser diode, the fiber core diameter of the coupling optical fiber is 400 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.22; the laser emitted by the pump source 1 is focused on the waist spot at the center of the laser crystal 7 through the coupling system 2 to be 0.570mm; the laser crystal 7 is composed of a 3mm undoped end cap and a 20mm Nd-doped composite YV0 4/Nd：YVO4(S1,S2：AR888m;1064nm at.% of 0.8 at.), and the rear end of the laser crystal is cut at a small angle of 1.5 DEG to ensure stable polarization of laser.
To eliminate the spatial hole burning effect and to achieve unidirectional propagation of the laser, an optical isolator 8 consisting of an 8mm long terbium gallium garnet TGG crystal and a half-wave plate is used in the laser resonator. The optical path from the input coupling mirror 3 to the center of the laser crystal 7 is 10mm, the optical path from the center of the laser crystal 7 to the high reflecting mirror 4 is 120mm, the optical path from the high reflecting mirror 4 to the high reflecting mirror 5 is 128mm, the optical path between the high reflecting mirror 5 and the output coupling mirror 6 is 96mm, and the optical path between the output coupling mirror 6 and the input coupling mirror 3 is 125mm.
According to the calculation formula of the absorption efficiency of the gain medium to the laser: η a =1-exp (- αl), α=1.07/cm, l=20mm, and the absorption efficiency of the laser crystal is calculated, and at the same time, the absorption efficiency can be calculated according to the laser emitted by the pump laser source and the output laser band: By raising and lowering the injection pump power of the 888nm pump laser source, the laser output power of the 1064nm output laser was measured with the power meter 9, and the input-output power curve of the laser was made as shown in fig. 5. Reading the laser threshold P th =32.33w from fig. 5, selecting a set of injection pump powers P in =58W and corresponding laser output powers P out =13.35w above the laser threshold, according to the formula/> Calculating to obtain the actual laser tilt efficiency of the laser
The actual parameters of the laser η a =1-exp (-107 x 0.02), The output coupling mirror transmittance t=20% of the laser, the intracavity loss δ=4.7% of the laser, and the beam waist radius ω p =0.533 mm of the pump laser is substituted/>In (2), ω c =0.408 mm was calculated.
In the laser resonant cavity, the optical path from the input coupling mirror 3 to the center of the laser crystal 7 is 10mm, the optical path from the center of the laser crystal 7 to the high reflecting mirror 4 is 120mm, the optical path from the high reflecting mirror 4 to the high reflecting mirror 5 is 128mm, the optical path between the high reflecting mirror 5 and the output coupling mirror 6 is 96mm, and the optical path between the output coupling mirror 6 and the input coupling mirror 3 is 125mm. According to the cavity structure parameters of the laser, a graph taking the focal length f th of the thermal lens of the laser crystal as an abscissa and the real beam waist radius omega l of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal as an ordinate is calculated by using an ABCD matrix in the resonant cavity, as shown in fig. 6. By letting ω l＝ωc =0.408 mm, the abscissa f th1＝72.6mm、fth2 =211.7 mm corresponding to the ordinate of 0.408mm is obtained.
According to a thermal lens focal length calculation formula: Where η h denotes a thermal load of the laser crystal, η h =0.26; k represents the thermal conductivity of the laser crystal, k=5.2W/mK; omega p represents the beam waist radius of the pump laser; dn/dT represents the thermo-optic coefficient of refractive index n, dn/dt=3.0× -6/K;Pin＝58W,ηa =1-exp (-107×0.02), calculated as f th3 =232.4 mm.
Wherein ,|fth3-fth1|＝159.8mm,|fth3-fth2|＝20.7mm,|fth3-fth1|＞|fth3-fth2|, thus, f th2 =211.7 mm is the actual thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal in the laser when pump power P in =58W is injected.
It should be noted that the numerical values in the above embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present embodiment.
The foregoing detailed description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of measuring a focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, comprising:
acquiring injection pump power and corresponding laser output power of a laser to be tested, and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pump power and the laser output power;
Calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power based on the input-output power curve;
according to the cavity structure parameters of the tested laser, calculating to obtain the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length through a resonant cavity matrix, and drawing a target curve;
based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power, obtaining two corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths through a target curve to serve as two laser crystal thermal lens focal lengths to be determined;
calculating the absolute value of the difference between the corresponding focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens;
the calculating, based on the input-output power curve, a true beam waist radius of the laser oscillating at the laser crystal at the injection pump power, comprising:
calculating laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
Acquiring the beam waist radius of pumping laser, and calculating the real beam waist radius of oscillation laser at the laser crystal when pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser;
the calculating, based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser, the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected, includes:
The laser beam waist radius calculation formula is called to calculate the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser, so that the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal is obtained when the pumping power is injected;
the calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius is specifically as follows:
Wherein ω c represents the true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected, ω p represents the beam waist radius of the pump laser, η s represents the laser tilt efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in a calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius, Wherein v l denotes an output laser frequency, v p denotes a pump laser frequency, T denotes a transmittance of an output coupling mirror in the laser to be measured, δ denotes an intra-cavity loss of the laser to be measured, η a denotes an absorption efficiency of the gain medium to the pump laser, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α denotes an absorption coefficient of the gain medium to the pump laser in the laser to be measured, and l denotes a radial length of the gain medium.
2. A method of measuring a thermal lens focal length of a laser crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein said calculating a laser tilt efficiency based on said input-output power curve comprises:
selecting a set of injection pump power and laser output power above a laser threshold based on the input-output power curve;
calling a laser oblique efficiency calculation formula to calculate the selected injection pumping power, the output power and the laser threshold value to obtain the laser oblique efficiency;
The calculation formula of the laser tilt efficiency specifically comprises the following steps:
Where η s denotes the laser tilt efficiency, P out denotes the selected output power, P in denotes the selected input power, and P th denotes the laser threshold.
3. The method for measuring focal length of laser crystal thermal lens according to claim 1, wherein the calculating, according to the cavity structure parameter of the measured laser, the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens through the resonant cavity matrix, and the drawing of the target curve comprise:
according to the cavity structure parameters of the tested laser, calculating to obtain the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through a resonant cavity matrix;
and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lenses as an abscissa, taking the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to each laser crystal thermal lens focal length as an ordinate, and drawing a target curve.
4. The method of measuring a focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens of claim 1, further comprising:
the beam waist radius of the pump laser and the injection pump power are calculated by calling a thermal lens focal length calculation formula, so that the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens focal length when the pump power is injected is obtained;
The thermal lens focal length calculation formula specifically comprises:
Wherein f th3 represents a thermal lens focal length of the laser crystal corresponding to injection of pumping power, K represents a thermal conductivity of the laser crystal in the laser to be measured, ω p represents a beam waist radius of the pumping laser, η h represents a thermal load of the laser crystal, P in represents injection of pumping power, η a represents an absorption efficiency of the pumping laser by the gain medium, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α represents an absorption coefficient of the pumping laser by the gain medium in the laser to be measured, l represents a radial length of the gain medium, dn/dT represents a thermo-optical coefficient of refractive index n.
5. A device for measuring a focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens, comprising:
The input-output power curve drawing module is used for obtaining the injection pumping power and the corresponding laser output power of the laser to be tested and drawing an input-output power curve based on the injection pumping power and the laser output power;
the real beam waist radius calculation module is used for calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal where the pumping power is injected based on the input-output power curve;
The target curve drawing module is used for obtaining the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens and the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal corresponding to the focal length of each laser crystal thermal lens through calculation of the resonant cavity matrix according to the cavity structure parameters of the laser to be tested, and drawing a target curve;
The focal length to be determined acquisition module is used for acquiring two corresponding focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses through a target curve based on the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal at the injection pumping power as two focal lengths of the laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined;
The actual focal length calculation module is used for calculating the absolute value of the difference between the focal length of the corresponding laser crystal thermal lens and the focal lengths of the two laser crystal thermal lenses to be determined when pumping power is injected, and taking the focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens to be determined with the smaller absolute value of the difference as the actual focal length of the laser crystal thermal lens;
the calculating, based on the input-output power curve, a true beam waist radius of the laser oscillating at the laser crystal at the injection pump power, comprising:
calculating laser tilt efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
Acquiring the beam waist radius of pumping laser, and calculating the real beam waist radius of oscillation laser at the laser crystal when pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser;
the calculating, based on the laser tilt efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pump laser, the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected, includes:
The laser beam waist radius calculation formula is called to calculate the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser, so that the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal is obtained when the pumping power is injected;
the calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius is specifically as follows:
Wherein ω c represents the true beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pump power is injected, ω p represents the beam waist radius of the pump laser, η s represents the laser tilt efficiency; m represents a calculation parameter in a calculation formula of the laser beam waist radius, Wherein v l denotes an output laser frequency, v p denotes a pump laser frequency, T denotes a transmittance of an output coupling mirror in the laser to be measured, δ denotes an intra-cavity loss of the laser to be measured, η a denotes an absorption efficiency of the gain medium to the pump laser, η a =1-exp (- αl), wherein α denotes an absorption coefficient of the gain medium to the pump laser in the laser to be measured, and l denotes a radial length of the gain medium.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the real beam waist radius calculation module comprises:
a laser bias efficiency calculation unit for calculating laser bias efficiency based on the input-output power curve;
The real beam waist radius calculation unit is used for obtaining the beam waist radius of the pumping laser and calculating the real beam waist radius of the oscillation laser at the laser crystal when the pumping power is injected based on the laser oblique efficiency and the beam waist radius of the pumping laser.
7. A laser applied to the method for measuring the focal length of a laser crystal thermal lens according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising a pumping laser source (1), a coupling system (2), a power meter (9), and a laser resonant cavity formed by an input coupling mirror (3), a first high-reflection mirror (4), a second high-reflection mirror (5) and an output coupling mirror (6), wherein the laser resonant cavity is sequentially provided with a laser crystal (7) and an optical isolator (8);
the pump laser source (1) emits laser, the laser is coupled by the coupling system (2) and then is transmitted to the input coupling mirror (3), the input coupling mirror (3) transmits the received laser to the first high-reflection mirror (4) through the laser crystal (7) and the optical isolator (8), the first high-reflection mirror (4) reflects the received laser to the second high-reflection mirror (5), the second high-reflection mirror (5) transmits the received laser to the output coupling mirror (6), and the output coupling mirror (6) transmits the received laser to the input coupling mirror (3); the power meter (9) is used for measuring the output power when the output coupling mirror (6) outputs laser.
8. A laser as claimed in claim 7, wherein,
The pump laser source (1) adopts an optical fiber coupling laser diode, the input coupling mirror (3) adopts a concave lens, the first high-reflection mirror (4) adopts a convex lens, and the second high-reflection mirror (5) and the output coupling mirror (6) adopt a plano-concave lens.
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