CN1145486C - 含eletriptan半硫酸盐和咖啡因的药用组合物 - Google Patents
含eletriptan半硫酸盐和咖啡因的药用组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供水溶性药用组合物,其中含有5-200mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐和0.5-2.0%(重量/体积)的咖啡因。
Description
本发明涉及含eletriptan半硫酸盐的药用组合物。更具体地说,它涉及以咖啡因作稳定剂的、含eletriptan半硫酸盐的水溶性药用组合物。
Eletriptan(UK-116,004),即3-([1-甲基吡咯烷-2(R)-基]甲基)-5-(2-苯磺酰乙基)-1H-吲哚,是一种选择性的5-HT1受体激动剂,现被开发用来治疗周期性偏头痛。
Eletriptan
Eletriptan在WO-A-92/06973中有描述。
Eletriptan半硫酸盐(分子量=431.6)比eletriptan本身的水溶性高(在4℃>100mg/ml),且其α-和β-多晶型被特别公开于WO-A-96/06842中。但是,eletriptan半硫酸盐是水解不稳定的,可通过在水溶液中水解和氧化而降解。确实,这种盐的pH为8的缓冲溶液置于50℃下12周后,因分解而只剩下不到原重量的85%。通过HPLC技术已检测到至少5个降解产物。
这种水平的稳定性对于必需具有较长贮存期的、eletriptan的水溶性药用组合物是极其不适合的。优选此种制剂在50℃、pH为8的缓冲水溶液中连续经过12周后,降解后的eletriptan重量不小于原重量的95%,而且此时可测到的总杂质含量不超过2%(重量)。
本发明的目的是提供稳定的、含eletriptan半硫酸盐的水溶性药用制剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供稳定的、含eletriptan半硫酸盐的水溶性药用制剂,它可适合于鼻腔和皮下给药,从而使得药物具有良好的生物利用度并且当这样给药时可迅速吸收和发挥作用。
Higuchi等在J.Am.Pharm.Association,XLIV(9),521(1955)中报道咖啡因明显降低苯佐卡因在水溶液中的水解降解。
Samie等(Pharm.Acta Helv.,58(1),28(1983)已证明,咖啡因能改善某些吩噻嗪类化合物的光化学稳定性,但并非对这一类化合物都有此种作用。类似地,还发现咖啡因对所检测的吩噻类的非光化学降解也具有程度不等的作用。
现在令人惊讶地发现,咖啡因能稳定含有eletriptan半硫酸盐的水溶性药用制剂,还能提高其溶解度。
另外,当通过鼻腔或皮下途径给予咖啡因-稳定的制剂时,eletriptan半硫酸盐具有良好的生物利用度并能迅速吸收和发挥作用。
现在令人惊讶地发现,这种制剂可通过加入抗氧化剂(最好是柠檬酸或抗坏血酸)和/或助溶剂(最好是乙醇)而进一步提高其稳定性。
本发明提供了一种水溶性的药用组合物,其中含有5-200mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐和0.5-2.0%(重量/体积)的咖啡因。
有时,也可加入抗氧化剂。适合的抗氧化剂包括柠檬酸和抗坏血酸。优选至多包括1.0%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸或抗坏血酸。
有时,也可加入助溶剂如乙醇。优选至多包括20.0%(重量/体积)的乙醇。
优选将组合物缓冲至pH4.0-9.0;
优选将组合物缓冲至pH7.0-9.0;
优选将组合物缓冲至pH7.5-8.5;
优选将组合物缓冲至pH约为8;
优选将组合物缓冲至pH4.0-5.0;
优选存在5-150mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐;
优选存在10-100mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐;
优选存在40-160mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐;
优选存在40-140mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐;
优选存在60-120mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐;
优选存在1.0-2.0%(重量/体积)的咖啡因;
优选存在0.1-1.0%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸;
优选存在0.2-1.0%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸;
优选存在0.3-1.0%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸;
优选存在0.2-0.4%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸;
优选至多包含1.0%(重量/体积)的抗坏血酸;
优选存在0.3-0.6%(重量/体积)的抗坏血酸;
为便于鼻腔给药,优选存在1.0-20.0%(重量/体积)的乙醇,更优选存在2.0-10.0%(重量/体积)的乙醇,最优选存在2.0-6.0%(重量/体积)的乙醇。
为便于皮下给药,最优选存在至多含有10%(重量/体积)的乙醇。
本发明的组合物可通过传统的方法制成,例如,如实施例中所述的方法制备。然后调节组合物到所需要的pH值。
对于pH为7.0-9.0的组合物,可选用的适宜的缓冲剂是三(羟甲基)甲胺。当使用三(羟甲基)甲胺时,其浓度最好保持在约0.05M或约0.02M,而适宜的碱,如氢氧化钠水溶液,可用来获得所需的pH值。
对于pH为4.0-6.0的组合物,可选用的适宜的缓冲剂是柠檬酸。
可以理解,eletriptan半硫酸盐的任何多晶型的或溶剂化物(如水合物)形式都可应用于本发明的目的。
氧化是eletriptan半硫酸盐在水溶液中降解的主要途径之一。柠檬酸和抗坏血酸是众所周知的抗氧化剂。然而,研究结果已表明,除咖啡因外,另加入抗氧化剂如柠檬酸或抗坏血酸能进一步增强eletriptan半硫酸盐在水溶液中的稳定性,这种效果优于单纯使用抗氧化剂的效果。
乙醇目前主要用作助溶剂。但是现在已发现,除咖啡因外,另加入乙醇能意想不到地进一步增强eletriptan半硫酸盐在水溶液中的稳定性。
本发明的组合物可应用于需要以选择性5-HT1受体激动剂治疗的疾病,尤其是用于治疗偏头痛、高血压、抑郁症、呕吐、焦虑、饮食紊乱、肥胖症、药物滥用、偏头神经病、疼痛、慢性阵发性偏头痛、以及与血管疾病有关的头痛。
本发明的组合物特别适于鼻腔内给药。鼻腔给药途径有许多有利之处,如给药方便,避免了肝脏代谢的首过效应,尤其是能迅速吸收和发挥作用。
在健康成年人,鼻腔分泌物的pH范围通常在5.5-6.5。为使鼻腔内给予的药物对鼻腔粘膜上皮的完整性的影响最小,缓冲剂的pH、渗透压、种类和浓度必须进行优化。生理上可接受的pH范围为4.0-9.0,而高渗和等渗溶液似乎对鼻粘膜的损伤最小。
鼻腔上皮为富含血管的组织,其外面覆盖一层假复层的纤毛柱状上皮。通过纤毛协同的纵向运动而实现的对鼻粘膜的清洁是有效地进行鼻腔内药物输送的主要障碍之一。鼻腔内清除进行的平均速率大约为5-6mm/min,因此,药物在鼻腔内的停留时间只有20-30分钟。所以,应该考虑到贮存于鼻腔内制剂的浓度、体积、粘度和颗粒大小都可以影响它与鼻腔的接触时间。更进一步地说,咖啡因、抗氧化剂(如柠檬酸)和助溶剂(如乙醇)由于其可能对鼻粘膜造成的严重刺激或损伤的水平限制了浓度范围。鼻腔内给予的组合物中的所需的eletriptan半硫酸盐的适宜浓度大约为120mg/ml。在室温下的贮存期至少能达到2年也是合乎需要的。
一个示范性的鼻腔给药的组合物为水溶性组合物,其组成为:
60mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐,
1.5%(重量/体积)的咖啡因,
0.3%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸和
15%(重量/体积)的乙醇,
且该组合物被缓冲至pH7.5-8.5,最好是pH8.0,最好使用三(羟甲基)甲胺(浓度为0.02M)和氢氧化钠进行调节。
优选的鼻腔内给药的组合物为水溶性组合物,其组成为:
1 20mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐
1.5%(重量/体积)的咖啡因,
0.3%(重量/体积)的柠檬酸和
5%(重量/体积)的乙醇,
且该组合物被缓冲至pH7.5-8.5,最好是pH8.0,最好使用三(羟甲基)甲胺(浓度为0.05M)和氢氧化钠进行调节。
鼻腔给予的优选组合物中的赋形剂的含量可在一定范围内变化,如咖啡因的浓度范围为1.0-2.0%(重量/体积),柠檬酸的浓度范围为0.1-1.0%(重量/体积)及乙醇浓度范围为0-20%(重量/体积)。
鼻腔内给药的组合物可通过使用适宜的鼻腔喷雾给药装置给药。这种装置可以采用不包含任何抛射剂的计量的喷雾给药装置或机械泵喷雾装置的形式。
所用的给药装置可直接影响组合物在鼻腔内的贮留时间。喷雾装置喷出的微滴大小最好为60-80微米,以使组合物在鼻腔内存留的时间最佳。优选使用计量的喷雾装置(无论是一次给药或多次给药装置),因为它们能使得给药剂量准确且可重复给药。
无空气的机械泵喷雾给药装置也是优选的,因为其可保护组合物,防止氧化、灰尘和/或细菌污染。还能避免由含氯氟烃(CFC)的抛射剂所引起的环境问题。这种泵装置能防止空气进入药物腔室并在每一次喷药后仍能保持真空。真空能引起容器的损坏变形,在每次给药后可减少容器的容积。
上述的装置也能用来将药物和余下的溶液保留在各自独立的腔室之中,当泵启动时,它们就混合到一起,从而给予组合物。
通过鼻腔给药时,给予eletriptan半硫酸盐的优选单次剂量是每个患者1-50mg,更优选1-20mg,而最优选4-16mg。因此,上述的喷雾装置通常设计为每次计量的剂量或每次喷出eletriptan半硫酸盐的量为25-100μl。
本发明的组合物也适于皮下给药,它具有如能迅速发挥药物的作用和避免肝脏代谢的首过效应等好处。可在身体的适当部位如大腿部通过注射器/注射装置皮下给予药物。
由医生决定最适合各个患者的准确剂量,这个剂量随着具体患者的年龄、体重以及药物反应而变化。前面提到的剂量是根据平均情况举例的。这些只是个别的例子,当然可采用较高或较低的剂量范围。
可以理解,治疗包括治愈、缓解和预防性的治疗。
本发明通过以下的实施例来说明。
实施例
下表1中的组合物是通过将三(羟甲基)甲胺(足量以便在所需组合物中形成0.02M的浓度)、咖啡因(如果需要)和柠檬酸(如果需要)加到水(足量到占所需组合物总体积的80%)中而制备。搅拌混合物至固体物质溶解,并以1M氢氧化钠水溶液调节最终所得溶液至所需要的pH值。然后加入eletriptan半硫酸盐,继续搅拌至溶解。如果需要,再以1M氢氧化钠水溶液重新调节pH至所需要的值。加入乙醇(如果需要),并用水使溶液达到所需的终体积。
表1
| 实施例号 | pH | eletriptan半硫酸盐(mg/ml) | 咖啡因(%w/v) | 柠檬酸(%w/v) | 乙醇(%w/v) |
| 1 | 8.0 | 60 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 15 |
| 2 | 8.0 | 10 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 15 |
| 3 | 8.0 | 10 | 1.0 | - | - |
| 4 | 8.0 | 10 | 1.0 | 0.3 | - |
| 5 | 8.0 | 10 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 10 |
| 参照A1 | 8.0 | 10 | - | - | - |
| 参照B2 | 8.0 | 10 | - | 0.3 | - |
| 参照C | 8.0 | 10 | - | - | 10 |
| 参照D | 8.0 | 10 | - | 0.3 | 10 |
脚注
1,2组合物溶液在贮存时产生溶质的沉淀(见表2)
实例6
含120mg/ml eletriptan半硫酸盐,1.5%(重量/体积)咖啡因,0.3%(重量/体积)柠檬酸以及5%(重量/体积)乙醇的pH为8的含水组合物可如下制备。
将三(羟甲基)甲胺(足量以便在组合物中生成0.05M的浓度)、柠檬酸、乙醇和咖啡因加入到水(足量到占所需组合物总体积的80%)中。搅拌混合物至固体物质溶解,并以5M氢氧化钠水溶液调节所得溶液的pH至8,加入eletriptan半硫酸盐,持续搅拌至完全溶解。如果需要,再以5M氢氧化钠水溶液重新调节至所需pH值,然后再加入水以使该溶液至所需的终体积。
制剂1
Eletriptan半硫酸盐
将eletriptan(90.0g,0.235mol)丙酮的搅拌溶液(3195ml)冷却到0-4℃,然后在在氮气下用30分钟逐滴加入浓硫酸(11.77g,01118mol),整个加入过程都保持温度在0-4℃。所得的浆状物在0-4℃下处理2小时制成颗粒,过滤并以丙酮(2×90ml)洗涤固体物质。产物(93.7g)在40℃下减压干燥过夜。
经上述处理过程得到的eletriptan半硫酸盐可通过下述方法进行结晶。
搅拌下,将eletriptan半硫酸盐(104.3g)溶解于软化水(188ml)中,并加入丙酮(1043ml)。使溶液加热至回流温度并在加入丙酮(1564ml)过程中维持回流40分钟,然后冷却溶液到室温并加入种晶。持续搅拌30分钟,然后用30分钟的时间将丙酮(2085ml)加入到浆状物中。混合物冷却到0-4℃并经1.5小时的处理而制成颗粒。过滤除去固体物质并以丙酮(2×130ml)洗涤,在40℃下减压干燥(93.21g)。
稳定性研究
将表1列出的组合物样品在50℃贮存12周。
贮存期满后,使用HPLC在下述条件下对每一样品进行分析,结果示于表2中。
色谱分离条件:
柱:15cm×0.46cm直径的不锈钢,含Hypersil BDS C8(商标名),5微米包装规格,或等价物。
流动相:0.02M乙酸铵水溶液:甲醇(65∶35,体积比),以冰醋酸调节混合物的pH至6.0。
工作温度:30℃
流动速率:1.0ml/min
检测:紫外分光光度计检测器,在225nm波长处测定
样品大小:10微升。以注射器进行洗涤的适宜溶液为甲醇/水(50∶50,体积比)
保留时间:在所述条件下,在注射后以eletriptan洗脱约12.5-14.5分钟
工作时间:典型的稳定性测试需30分钟
表2
| 实施例号 | 残留的Electriptan(重量%) | 可测到的总杂质4(重量%) |
| 1 | 96.7 | 1.7 |
| 2 | 97.0 | 2.0 |
| 3 | 90.7 | 2.5 |
| 4 | 91.8 | 3.0 |
| 5 | 95.1 | 2.4 |
| 参照A1,3 | - | - |
| 参照B2 | - | - |
| 参照C | 90.2 | 2.4 |
| 参照D | 52.9 | 1.4 |
脚注
1,2.这些组合物的稳定性测试没有意义,因为在贮存期满前溶液有沉淀产生。
3.在平行研究中,稳定的溶液通过相同的特殊方法制备一个与表1中参照A相应的组合物而获得。在50℃下贮存12周后,使用上述分析方法,表明还残余80.49%(重量)的eletriptan,而总的可测到的杂质量为3.0%(重量)。
4.所用的测试方法并不能测出所有产生的杂质。
对表2结果的讨论
这些结果清楚地显示,咖啡因能稳定含有eletriptan半硫酸盐的水溶液,还能增加它们的溶解性。
这些结果还表明,柠檬酸和乙醇,无论是单独存在还是共同存在,都能增强此种制剂的稳定性。
参照C的测试结果表明,乙醇似乎对eletriptan半硫酸盐的含水制剂具有稳定作用。
Claims (23)
1.一种水溶性的药用组合物,该组合物含有5-200mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐以及按重量/体积计的0.5-2.0%的咖啡因。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中含有40-160mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中含有60-120mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐。
4.上述权利要求1的的组合物,其中含有按重量/体积计的1.0-2.0%的咖啡因。
5.上述权利要求1的的组合物,其中还含有抗氧化剂。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中的抗氧化剂为柠檬酸。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中至多包含按重量/体积计的1.0%的柠檬酸。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中至多存在按重量/体积计的0.2-0.4%的柠檬酸。
9.权利要求5的组合物,其中的抗氧化剂为抗坏血酸。
10.上述权利要求1的的组合物,其中还含有乙醇。
11.权利要求10的组合物,其中至多存在按重量/体积计的20.0%的乙醇。
12.权利要求11的组合物,其中至多存在按重量/体积计的2.0-10.0%的乙醇。
13.权利要求12的组合物,其中至多存在按重量/体积计的2.0-6.0%的乙醇。
14.上述权利要求1的组合物,其被缓冲至pH值为4.0-9.0。
15.权利要求14的组合物,其被缓冲至pH值为7.5-8.5。
16.权利要求14的组合物,其被缓冲至pH值为4.0-5.0。
17.权利要求1的组合物,它包含
120mg/ml的eletriptan半硫酸盐,
按重量/体积计的1.5%的咖啡因,
按重量/体积计的0.3%的柠檬酸,
按重量/体积计的5%的乙醇,
且该组合物被缓冲至pH值为7.5-8.5。
18.权利要求17的组合物,其中该组合物被缓冲至pH值为8.0。
19.权利要求17的组合物,其中使用三(羟甲基)甲胺和氢氧化钠对其缓冲。
20.上述权利要求1-19中任一项的组合物用作制备药物的用途。
21.权利要求1-19中任一项的组合物在适于用选择性5-HT1受体激动剂治疗的疾病和病症的药物制备中的用途。
22.权利要求1-19中任一项的组合物在制备治疗疾病或病症的药物中的用途,该疾病或病症包括偏头痛、高血压、抑郁、呕吐、焦虑、饮食紊乱、肥胖症、药物滥用、偏头神经痛、疼痛、慢性阵发性头痛以及与血管疾病有关的头痛。
23.权利要求22的用途,其中该用途为在制备治疗偏头痛的药物中的用途。
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| JP5887894B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-10 | 2016-03-16 | 大正製薬株式会社 | 内服液剤 |
| JP5887893B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-10 | 2016-03-16 | 大正製薬株式会社 | 内服液剤 |
| ES2744542T3 (es) * | 2013-03-15 | 2020-02-25 | Robert I Henkin | Inhibidores de fosfodiesterasa para tratar trastornos gustativos y olfativos |
| EP3488889A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2019-05-29 | Vapotherm, Inc. | Respiratory therapy condensation adaptor |
| NL1040474C2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-04 | Veramed B V | Nasal compositions stimulating ciliary activity. |
| EP3108245B1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2020-07-22 | Robert I. Henkin | Methods and compositions for diagnosing and treating loss and/or distortion of taste or smell |
| JP6097787B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-03-15 | パル ファーマシューティカル, インコーポレーテッド | 鼻内送達用シアノコバラミン低粘度水性製剤 |
| FR3053334B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-07-27 | L'oreal | Melange liquide contenant du 4-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one et de compose de xanthine |
| US12338190B2 (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2025-06-24 | Defuse Technologies, LLC | Desensitized fertilizer compositions and methods of making same |
Family Cites Families (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9417310D0 (en) * | 1994-08-27 | 1994-10-19 | Pfizer Ltd | Therapeutic agents |
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