CN114810433A - Fuel supply and flame-spraying ignition system of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine and electric control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel supply and injection ignition system and an electric control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine. The fuel supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage supply device, a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, an ammonia cracker, a liquid ammonia gasification device, and an intake air. Main pipe injector, high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container, ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device; liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected with high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device; liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected with liquid ammonia gasification device, liquid ammonia gas The chemical device is connected with the ammonia cracker, the ammonia cracker is connected with the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device; the output end of the ammonia cracker is connected with the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container. Any one of the output ends is connected to the input end of the intake manifold injector, and the input end of the intake manifold injector is installed with a first electronically controlled cut-off valve. Reduce NOx emissions and ensure stable ignition and efficient combustion of ammonia in internal combustion engines.

Description

Ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and spark ignition system and electronic control method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, in particular to an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and ignition system and an electric control method.

Background technique

Ammonia is the second largest synthetic industrial chemical substance in the world, with an annual global output of about 200 million tons. The relevant foundation and industrial chain are perfect. Ammonia can not only be used as a carrier of hydrogen energy for hydrogen production, but also the physicochemical properties of ammonia determine that it can be used as an alternative fuel for engines. Like hydrogen, ammonia can also be produced from various sources of renewable energy as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Compared with hydrogen, ammonia has a volumetric energy density of 14.9MJ/m ³ , which is higher than hydrogen's volumetric energy density of 10.7MJ/m ³ , and ammonia becomes liquid at -33℃ under normal pressure, which has the advantages of easy storage and carrying, long cruising range, etc. At the same time, ammonia has high self-ignition temperature and minimum ignition ability, small flammable range, and safe and reliable use; but ammonia is also There are problems such as difficulty in ignition, slow flame propagation, ammonia and nitrogen elements, increased NOx emissions during the reaction, and pollution and harm caused by ammonia leakage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and injection ignition system and electronic control method, so as to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems:

First of all, the present invention provides an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and ignition system, which includes: a liquid ammonia storage and supply device, a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, and a start-up ignition and combustion-supporting device, wherein the starting-ignition and combustion-supporting device includes an ammonia cracker , liquid ammonia gasification device, intake manifold injector, high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container, ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device; the output end of the liquid ammonia storage supply device and the input of the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device The output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected with the liquid ammonia input end of the liquid ammonia gasification device, and the ammonia gas output end of the liquid ammonia gasification device is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker. The energy required for ammonia cracking in the ammonia cracker comes from the waste energy of the power battery and the internal combustion engine, the output end of the ammonia cracker is connected to the input end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container, and the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container is connected to the input end of the high pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container. The ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion ignition device is connected; any one of the output end of the ammonia cracker and the output end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container is connected to the input end of the intake manifold injector, and the intake manifold injects A first electrically controlled cut-off valve is installed at the input end of the device, and a second electrically controlled cut-off valve is installed at the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container.

The beneficial effects of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and ignition system are as follows: the system uses ammonia as the main fuel, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture produced by the ammonia cracking reaction is used as the pilot and combustion-supporting fuel. In one embodiment, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture generated by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker enters the intake manifold injector, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector, and is mixed with the air in the intake manifold. into the cylinder as fuel; in another embodiment, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture stored in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container is used as the fuel for startup and idling conditions, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture stored in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container enters the The intake manifold injector is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector, mixed with the air in the intake manifold, and then enters the cylinder as fuel; at the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container enters the ammonia-hydrogen gas Mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device, according to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture flame into the cylinder, ignites the ammonia gas in the cylinder, and then discards the internal combustion engine. The energy is the ammonia heating of the ammonia cracker. After the mixed gas produced by the ammonia cracker meets the requirements and the internal combustion engine runs normally, the fuel supply pipeline of the intake manifold injector is closed, and the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device starts to work, injecting into the cylinder. Liquid ammonia is injected, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container is ignited by the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion ignition device, and the liquid ammonia is injected into the cylinder, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the gas in the cylinder, thereby reducing NOx emissions, This ensures the stable ignition and efficient combustion of ammonia in the internal combustion engine. Since the fuel carried by the vehicle is ammonia, which is a carbon-free fuel, zero CO ₂ emissions can be achieved.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the liquid ammonia gasification device includes a heat exchanger, the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas output end of the heat exchanger is connected. The end is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker, the output end of the ammonia cracker is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas output end of the heat exchanger is connected with the high-pressure ammonia gas The input end of the hydrogen storage container is connected. The liquid ammonia gasification device of this scheme adopts the heat exchange of the heat exchanger to realize the gasification of liquid ammonia, and makes full use of the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking. The gas is used to heat the liquid ammonia to speed up the gasification efficiency of the liquid ammonia, and at the same time, it also has the effect of energy saving.

When the input end of the intake manifold injector is connected with the output end of the ammonia cracker, the output end of the ammonia cracker is connected with an electronically controlled three-way valve, and the two output ends of the electronically controlled three-way valve are respectively It is connected with the input end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger and the input end of the first electrically controlled cut-off valve, and the input end of the first electrically-controlled cut-off valve is output through the pipeline and the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas of the heat exchanger The electronically controlled three-way valve mainly controls the flow direction of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking. For example, when the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking is low, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking passes through the first electronically controlled shut-off valve and enters the intake manifold. When the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking is high, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking enters the heat exchanger, and then enters the intake manifold injector through the first electronically controlled cut-off valve.

When the input end of the intake manifold injector is connected to the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container, the electronically controlled three-way valve is changed to a conventional two-way type third electronically controlled globe valve. The third electronically controlled cut-off valve mainly regulates the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking. When the internal combustion engine starts and idles, the third electronically controlled cut-off valve is closed, and the power battery supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker to supply ammonia. The ammonia in the cracker heats and provides the energy required for the ammonia cracking reaction in the ammonia cracker. At this time, the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking is relatively low. When the temperature in the ammonia cracker reaches a certain value, the third electricity The control cut-off valve is opened, and the pyrolyzed ammonia-hydrogen mixture passes through the heat exchanger and enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container for storage as fuel for start-up, idle speed and pilot ignition.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the input end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container is equipped with a first one-way valve, and the first one-way valve mainly avoids the backflow of the hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container.

When the input end of the intake manifold injector is connected to the output end of the ammonia cracker, a second electronically controlled shut-off valve is installed between the input end of the first electronically controlled shut-off valve and the output end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger. one-way valve;

And when the input end of the intake manifold injector is connected with the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container, the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve is provided with a second one-way valve;

The second check valve primarily prevents backflow of the intake manifold injector gas.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a third one-way valve and a fourth electrically controlled shut-off valve are sequentially connected between the ammonia gas output end of the heat exchanger and the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker. The device is equipped with a first temperature sensor and a first ammonia concentration sensor. The first temperature sensor is used to detect the cracking reaction temperature of the ammonia cracker, and the first ammonia concentration sensor detects the ammonia concentration in the surrounding environment of the ammonia cracker. If the ammonia concentration exceeds the standard, the fourth electronically controlled shut-off valve is closed.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a first electronically controlled flow control device, a fourth one-way valve and a fifth electrical control device are sequentially connected between the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device and the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is equipped with a second ammonia concentration sensor; the fourth one-way valve avoids the backflow of liquid ammonia, the first electronically controlled flow control device can adjust the amount of liquid ammonia entering the heat exchanger, and the fifth electronically controlled The shut-off valve cuts off the liquid ammonia delivery according to the monitored concentration of the second ammonia concentration sensor.

The high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container is installed with a first pressure sensor. The first pressure sensor monitors the pressure of the high pressure ammonia hydrogen storage vessel.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a second electronically controlled flow control device, a high-pressure liquid ammonia pump, a sixth electronically controlled flow control device, a high-pressure liquid ammonia pump, a sixth an electronically controlled shut-off valve, the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device comprises a high-pressure liquid ammonia rail, a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device connected to the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail, and the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail is provided with a second pressure sensor and a third ammonia concentration sensor, The high-pressure liquid ammonia rail evenly distributes the liquid ammonia to the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device.

The high-pressure liquid ammonia pump pressurizes the liquid ammonia, the second electronically controlled flow control device is used to control the amount of liquid ammonia, the third ammonia concentration sensor is used to monitor the ammonia leakage at the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail, and the sixth electronically controlled shut-off valve The delivery of liquid ammonia is cut off according to the monitoring amount of the third ammonia concentration sensor.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail is installed at the input end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device, and a third pressure sensor is installed on the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail. The third pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail evenly distributes the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas to each cylinder.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the liquid ammonia storage and supply device includes a liquid ammonia storage and supply container, a seventh electronically controlled shut-off valve, and a liquid ammonia filter, which are connected in sequence.

In addition, the present invention also provides an electronic control method for ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and spark ignition system. The material supply system is applied to an internal combustion engine, wherein in the starting working condition and the idling working condition, the gas extraction positions of the fuel used are divided into two parts. indivual;

The first gas taking position is: when the input end of the intake manifold injector is connected to the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container, the specific electronic control method is as follows;

When the internal combustion engine starts and idles, the power battery supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker, heats the ammonia in the ammonia cracker and provides the energy required for the ammonia cracking reaction in the ammonia cracker, and the liquid ammonia is stored for supply The liquid ammonia supplied by the device is gasified into ammonia gas by the liquid ammonia gasification device and then enters the ammonia cracker;

At this time, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve and the second electronically controlled cut-off valve are opened, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture stored in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container enters the intake manifold injector, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector , mixed with the air in the intake manifold and then entered into the cylinder as fuel; at the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-ignition ignition device, according to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture The pre-combustion spark ignition device injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture flame into the cylinder, ignites the fuel in the cylinder, and then the waste energy of the internal combustion engine is heated by the ammonia of the ammonia cracker;

After the temperature in the ammonia cracker reaches a certain value, the cracked ammonia-hydrogen mixture enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container as the main fuel and pilot fuel for start-up and idle conditions;

After the internal combustion engine runs normally, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve is closed, and the liquid ammonia supplied by the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is injected into the cylinder through the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion ignition device is responsible for ignition;

The second gas intake position is: when the input end of the intake manifold injector is connected to the output end of the ammonia cracker, the specific electronic control method is as follows:

When the internal combustion engine starts and idles, the power battery supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker, heats the ammonia in the ammonia cracker and provides the energy required for the ammonia cracking reaction in the ammonia cracker, and the liquid ammonia is stored for supply The liquid ammonia supplied by the device is gasified into ammonia gas by the liquid ammonia gasification device and then enters the ammonia cracker;

At this time, both the first electronically controlled cut-off valve and the second electronically controlled cut-off valve are opened, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture generated by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker enters the intake manifold injector, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector , mixed with the air in the intake manifold and then enters the cylinder as fuel. At the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-ignition ignition device. According to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture is mixed. The gas pre-combustion ignition device injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture into the cylinder to ignite the fuel in the cylinder. In addition, a part of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture produced by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker also enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container. , as the pilot fuel;

After the internal combustion engine runs normally, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve is closed, and the liquid ammonia supplied by the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is injected into the cylinder through the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion ignition device is responsible for ignition.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the liquid ammonia gasification device adopts a heat exchanger, the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger, and the ammonia gas output end of the heat exchanger is connected. The end is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker, the output end of the ammonia cracker is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas output end of the heat exchanger is connected with the high-pressure ammonia gas The input end of the hydrogen storage container is connected, and when the second gas taking position is used, the output end of the ammonia cracker is connected with an electronically controlled three-way valve, and the two output ends of the electronically controlled three-way valve are respectively connected with the heat exchange The ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger is connected with the input end of the second electronically controlled cut-off valve, and the input end of the second electronically controlled cut-off valve is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas output end of the heat exchanger through a pipeline;

During the startup process of the internal combustion engine, if the temperature of the ammonia cracker is lower than the set value, the electronically controlled three-way valve closes the pipeline to the direction of the heat exchanger and opens the pipeline to the direction of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve, and the ammonia The ammonia-hydrogen mixture produced by the cracking reaction of the cracker passes through the first electronically controlled shut-off valve, enters the intake manifold injector, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector, and enters the cylinder after mixing with the air in the intake manifold. inside, as fuel; if the temperature of the temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the electronically controlled three-way valve opens the pipeline to the direction of the heat exchanger, and at the same time closes the pipeline to the direction of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve, ammonia cracking The ammonia-hydrogen mixture produced by the cracking reaction of the heat exchanger enters the heat exchanger through the electronically controlled three-way valve. Due to the large back pressure at the inlet of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture from the output end of the heat exchanger passes through the first The electronically controlled cut-off valve enters the intake manifold injector, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector, mixed with the air in the intake manifold, and then enters the cylinder as fuel. At this time, the high pressure of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container is The ammonia-hydrogen mixture enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device. According to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture flame into the cylinder, igniting the flame in the cylinder. Ammonia.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a safety monitoring system composed of a start-up ignition combustion-supporting device, each ammonia concentration sensor and an electronically controlled shut-off valve, an ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-ignition ignition device, and a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, wherein the high-pressure liquid ammonia is injected The device can effectively provide the charge coefficient of the internal combustion engine, reduce the combustion temperature in the cylinder under heavy load, improve the performance of the engine, and reduce the emission of NOx. The uniformity of fuel supply in each cylinder, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device ensures stable ignition and efficient combustion of ammonia in the internal combustion engine, and starts the pilot ignition and combustion-supporting device to avoid carrying other pilot and combustion-supporting fuels, reducing fuel consumption. The diversity and complexity of the supply system ensures the singleness of the fuel carried by the vehicle and the convenience of filling, and reduces the production and operation costs. Control shut-off valve, control the switch of ammonia and hydrogen supply pipeline, safety has been guaranteed.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

1 is a schematic diagram of an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and ignition system provided by the present invention, Embodiment 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the fuel supply and injection ignition system for an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

This part will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. Each technical feature and overall technical solution of the invention should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the azimuth description, such as the azimuth or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the azimuth or position relationship shown in the drawings, only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it is not indicated or implied that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, if there is a word description such as "several", its meaning is one or more, the meaning of multiple is two or more, greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including this number, above, below , within, etc. are understood to include this number.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, connection should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 2 , the following two embodiments of an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and spark ignition system of the present invention are made:

Implementation one:

As shown in FIG. 1 , the fuel supply system includes: a liquid ammonia storage and supply device, a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, and a start-up ignition and combustion-supporting device.

The liquid ammonia storage and supply device includes a liquid ammonia storage and supply container 1 , a seventh electronically controlled shut-off valve 2 , and a liquid ammonia filter 3 , which are connected in sequence. The ammonia is filtered and sent to the next step.

The high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device includes a second electronically controlled flow control device 4, a high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 5, a sixth electronically controlled shut-off valve 6, a high-pressure liquid ammonia rail 7 and a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device 10, which are connected in sequence. The outlet end of the device 3 is connected to the inlet end of the second electronically controlled flow control device 4 .

The high-pressure liquid ammonia pump 5 pressurizes the liquid ammonia, and the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail 7 evenly distributes the liquid ammonia to the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device 10, and then the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device 10 evenly sprays the liquid ammonia into each cylinder. At the same time, the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail 7 is equipped with a second pressure sensor 8 and a third ammonia concentration sensor 9. The third ammonia concentration sensor 9 is used to monitor the ammonia leakage at the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail 7, and the sixth electronically controlled shut-off valve 6. According to the monitoring amount of the third ammonia concentration sensor 9, the delivery of liquid ammonia is cut off.

The start-up ignition and combustion-supporting device includes an ammonia cracker 18, a liquid ammonia gasification device, an intake manifold injector 31, a high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23, an ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-ignition ignition device 28, a high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas Rail 26, the liquid ammonia gasification device is used to gasify the liquid ammonia from the liquid ammonia storage and supply device, and the gasified ammonia gas enters the ammonia cracker 18. The liquid ammonia gasification device in this embodiment adopts the heat exchanger 14 , the outlet end of the liquid ammonia filter 3 is connected with the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger 14, the ammonia gas output end of the heat exchanger 14 is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker 18, and the ammonia cracker The output end of 18 is connected to the input end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger 14, and the output end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger 14 is connected to the input end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container is connected to the input end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23. The output end of 23 is installed with a second electric control cut-off valve 25, the output end of the second electric control cut-off valve 25 is connected with the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail 26, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail 26 and the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas are pre-combusted and sprayed. The ignition device 28 is connected, and a third pressure sensor 27 is installed on the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture rail 26 . The ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion ignition device 28 is used for injecting the burning ammonia-hydrogen mixture into the cylinder to be responsible for ignition, which ensures stable ignition and efficient combustion of ammonia in the internal combustion engine.

In this embodiment, the heat exchange of the heat exchanger 14 is used to realize the gasification of liquid ammonia, and the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking is fully utilized, and the liquid ammonia is heated by the high-temperature and high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture, so as to speed up the liquid ammonia Gasification efficiency, but also has the effect of energy saving.

Further, a first electronically controlled flow control device 11 , a fourth one-way valve 12 and a fifth electronically controlled shut-off valve 13 are sequentially connected between the outlet end of the liquid ammonia filter 3 and the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger 14 . , and the heat exchanger 14 is equipped with a second ammonia concentration sensor 15, the fourth one-way valve 12 avoids the backflow of liquid ammonia, the first electronically controlled flow control device 11 can adjust the amount of liquid ammonia entering the heat exchanger 14, and the first The five electronically controlled cut-off valve 13 cuts off the liquid ammonia delivery according to the monitored concentration of the second ammonia concentration sensor 15 .

At the same time, a third one-way valve 16 and a fourth electronically controlled shut-off valve 17 are sequentially connected between the ammonia gas output end of the heat exchanger 14 and the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker 18. The ammonia cracker 18 A first temperature sensor 19 and a first ammonia concentration sensor 20 are installed, the first temperature sensor 19 is used to detect the cracking reaction temperature of the ammonia cracker 18, and the first ammonia concentration sensor 20 detects the ammonia concentration in the surrounding environment of the ammonia cracker 18. When the concentration exceeds the standard, the fourth electronically controlled shut-off valve 17 is closed.

The energy required for ammonia cracking in the ammonia cracker 18 comes from the power battery 32 and the waste energy of the internal combustion engine, and the waste energy is mainly the heat energy of the cooling liquid and the exhaust gas.

The output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container 23 is installed with a second electronically controlled cut-off valve 25 , the input end of the intake manifold injector 31 is installed with a first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 , and the output end of the intake manifold injector 31 is installed It is connected to the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 is connected to the output end of the second electronically controlled cut-off valve 25, and the output end of the ammonia cracker 18 is mixed with the ammonia and hydrogen of the heat exchanger 14. A third electrically controlled shut-off valve 21 is arranged between the gas input ends.

And in order to prevent backflow of gas from the intake manifold injector 31 , a second check valve 29 is provided at the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 .

The high pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container 23 is installed with a first pressure sensor 24, the first pressure sensor 24 monitors the pressure of the high pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container 23, and the input end of the high pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container 23 is installed with a first one-way valve 22, A one-way valve 22 mainly prevents the backflow of the hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23 .

When the machine is shut down, the second electronically controlled cut-off valve 25 is closed, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture is sealed in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23. When the temperature in the ammonia cracker 18 reaches a certain value, the third electronically controlled cut-off valve 21 is opened to crack the gas. After the ammonia-hydrogen mixture passes through the heat exchanger 14 for heat exchange, it enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23 after passing through the first one-way valve 22 .

The present embodiment also provides an electronic control method suitable for the above-mentioned ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and injection ignition system, as follows:

When the internal combustion engine is started and idle, the power battery 32 supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker 18 to heat the ammonia in the ammonia cracker 18 and provide the energy required for the ammonia cracking reaction in the ammonia cracker 18. At this time, The first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 and the second electronically controlled cut-off valve 25 are opened, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture stored in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23 enters the intake manifold injector 31 and is injected into the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector 31 The intake manifold is mixed with the air in the intake manifold and then enters the cylinder as fuel. At the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23 enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-ignition ignition device 28, according to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine. , the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion ignition device 28 injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture flame into the cylinder, igniting the ammonia gas in the cylinder, and then the waste energy of the internal combustion engine is the ammonia heating of the ammonia cracker 18. When the ammonia is cracked After the temperature in the boiler 18 reaches a certain value, the cracked ammonia-hydrogen mixture enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23, and serves as the main fuel and pilot fuel for the start-up and idle conditions.

After the internal combustion engine runs normally, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 is closed, and the liquid ammonia is supercharged and injected into the cylinder through the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device 10, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-ignition ignition device 28 is responsible for ignition.

The fuel supply and spark ignition system of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine adopts a safety monitoring system composed of a start-up ignition combustion support device, each ammonia concentration sensor and an electronically controlled shut-off valve, an ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device 28, and a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device. , wherein the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device can effectively provide the charge coefficient of the internal combustion engine, reduce the combustion temperature in the cylinder under heavy load, improve the performance of the engine, and reduce the emission of NOx. At the same time, the multi-cylinder high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device 10 realizes the The precise fuel supply of each cylinder and the uniformity of the fuel supply amount of each cylinder, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device 28 ensures stable ignition and efficient combustion of ammonia in the internal combustion engine, and starts the pilot ignition and combustion-supporting device to avoid carrying other pilots. Combustion and combustion-supporting fuels, reducing the diversity and complexity of the fuel supply system, ensuring the unity of fuel carried by the vehicle and the convenience of filling, reducing production and operating costs, and the safety system can monitor in real time the surrounding areas where ammonia fuel is prone to leakage The ammonia concentration of the environment is controlled, and the switch of the ammonia and hydrogen supply pipeline is controlled through the electronically controlled shut-off valve, and the safety is guaranteed.

Embodiment 2:

As shown in FIG. 2 , the difference from the above-mentioned embodiment is that the position of the fuel for the start-up condition and the idling condition of the present embodiment is different, and the input end of the intake manifold injector 31 is connected to the ammonia cracker 18 Between the output end and the input end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container 23, specifically: replace the third electrically controlled shut-off valve 21 in the embodiment with an electrically controlled three-way valve 33, and the two electrically controlled three-way valve 33 The output ends are respectively connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger 14 and the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30, and the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 exchanges heat with the heat exchanger through pipelines. At this time, the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 is not connected to the output side of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23, and the electronically controlled three-way valve 33 mainly controls the cracked ammonia. The flow direction of the hydrogen mixture, for example, when the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking is low, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking enters the intake manifold injector 31 through the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30, and when the temperature of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture after cracking is low When it is relatively high, after the cracked ammonia-hydrogen mixture enters the heat exchanger 14, it enters the intake manifold injector 31 through the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30, and the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 is connected to the inlet manifold injector 31. A second check valve 29 is installed between the output ends of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger 14 .

The present embodiment also provides an electronic control method suitable for the fuel supply and ignition system of the above-mentioned ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine, as follows:

When the internal combustion engine starts and idles, the power battery 32 supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker 18 to heat the ammonia in the ammonia cracker 18 and provide the energy required for the ammonia cracking reaction to occur in the ammonia cracker 18, Ammonia is supplied to the ammonia cracker 18, and at this time both the first electronically controlled shut-off valve 30 and the second electronically controlled shut-off valve 25 are opened.

If the temperature of the ammonia cracker 18 is lower than the set value, the set value is 150°C, the electronically controlled three-way valve 33 closes the pipeline to the heat exchanger 14, and opens the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30 The ammonia-hydrogen mixture produced by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker 18 passes through the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30, enters the intake manifold injector 31, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector 31, After being mixed with the air in the intake manifold, it enters the cylinder and is used as fuel. At the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23 enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-ignition ignition device 28. According to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture is mixed. The gas pre-combustion spark ignition device 28 injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture into the cylinder and ignites the fuel in the cylinder.

If the temperature of the temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the electronically controlled three-way valve 33 opens the pipeline to the direction of the heat exchanger 14, and at the same time closes the pipeline to the direction of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30, the ammonia cracker 18 The ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas generated by the cracking reaction enters the heat exchanger 14 through the electronically controlled three-way valve 33. Since the back pressure at the inlet end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container 23 is relatively large, the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas coming out from the output end of the heat exchanger 14 is large. It enters the intake manifold injector 31 through the first electronically controlled cut-off valve 30, and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector 31, mixed with the air in the intake manifold, and then enters the cylinder as fuel.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. an ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and a fire-jet ignition system, characterized in that: it comprises: a liquid ammonia storage supply device, a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, a start-up ignition combustion-supporting device, and the start-up ignition combustion-supporting device includes ammonia a cracker (18), a liquid ammonia gasification device, an intake manifold injector (31), a high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23), and an ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device (28); The output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected with the input end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device; The output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected with the liquid ammonia input end of the liquid ammonia gasification device, and the ammonia gas output end of the liquid ammonia gasification device is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker (18), so The energy required for ammonia cracking in the ammonia cracker (18) comes from the power battery (32) and the waste energy of the internal combustion engine, and the output end of the ammonia cracker (18) is connected to the input end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23) , the output end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device (28); Any one of the output end of the ammonia cracker (18) and the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23) is connected to the input end of the intake manifold injector (31), and the intake manifold injector (31) ) is installed with a first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30), and the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23) is provided with a second electronically controlled cut-off valve (25). 2. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The liquid ammonia gasification device includes a heat exchanger (14), the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger (14), and the ammonia gas of the heat exchanger (14) The output end is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker (18), and the output end of the ammonia cracker (18) is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger (14), and the heat exchanger (14) ) of the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas output end is connected with the input end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23); When the input end of the intake manifold injector (31) is connected with the output end of the ammonia cracker (18), the output end of the ammonia cracker (18) is connected with an electronically controlled three-way valve (33), so The two output ends of the electronically controlled three-way valve (33) are respectively connected to the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger (14) and the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30), and the first An input end of an electrically controlled shut-off valve (30) is connected to the output end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger (14) through a pipeline; When the input end of the intake manifold injector (31) is connected to the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23), the electronically controlled three-way valve (33) is cancelled, and the original electronically controlled three-way valve (33) ) position to add a third electronically controlled shut-off valve (21). 3. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: A first check valve (22) is installed at the input end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23); When the input end of the intake manifold injector (31) is connected to the output end of the ammonia cracker (18), the input end of the first electronically controlled shut-off valve (30) is connected to the output end of the heat exchanger (14). A second check valve (29) is installed between the output ends of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture; And when the input end of the intake manifold injector (31) is connected to the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23), the input end of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) is provided with a second one-way valve (29). 4. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: Between the ammonia gas output end of the heat exchanger (14) and the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker (18), a third one-way valve (16) and a fourth electrically controlled shut-off valve (17) are sequentially connected, The ammonia cracker (18) is equipped with a first temperature sensor (19) and a first ammonia concentration sensor (20). 5. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: A first electronically controlled flow control device (11), a fourth one-way valve (12) and a fifth one are sequentially connected between the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device and the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger (14). an electrically controlled shut-off valve (13), the heat exchanger (14) is provided with a second ammonia concentration sensor (15); The high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23) is installed with a first pressure sensor (24). 6. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: A second electronically controlled flow control device (4), a high-pressure liquid ammonia pump (5), and a sixth electronically controlled device are sequentially connected between the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device and the input end of the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device. A shut-off valve (6), the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device comprises a high-pressure liquid ammonia rail (7), a high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device (10) connected to the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail (7), the high-pressure liquid ammonia rail (7) A second pressure sensor (8) and a third ammonia concentration sensor (9) are installed. 7. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: A high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail (26) is installed at the input end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device (28), and a third pressure sensor (27) is installed on the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas rail (26) . 8. a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and spray ignition system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The liquid ammonia storage and supply device comprises a liquid ammonia storage and supply container (1), a seventh electronically controlled shut-off valve (2), and a liquid ammonia filter (3), which are connected in sequence. 9. An electric control method for ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and spray ignition system, characterized in that: it adopts the ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and spray ignition system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, The fuel supply system is applied to an internal combustion engine, and the fuel used in the starting condition and the idling condition is divided into two positions; The first air intake position is: when the input end of the intake manifold injector (31) is connected to the output end of the high-pressure ammonia hydrogen storage container (23), the specific electronic control method is as follows; The power battery (32) supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker (18) during the start-up and idle conditions of the internal combustion engine, heats the ammonia in the ammonia cracker (18) and provides ammonia in the ammonia cracker (18) The energy required for the cracking reaction occurs, and the liquid ammonia supplied by the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is gasified into ammonia gas by the liquid ammonia gasification device and then enters the ammonia cracker (18); At this time, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) and the second electronically controlled cut-off valve (25) are opened, and the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture stored in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) enters the intake manifold injector (31), and The intake manifold injector (31) is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine, mixed with the air in the intake manifold, and then enters the cylinder as fuel; at the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture The gas pre-combustion spark ignition device (28), according to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device (28) injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture flame into the cylinder to ignite the fuel in the cylinder, The waste energy of the internal combustion engine is then the ammonia heating of the ammonia cracker (18); After the temperature in the ammonia cracker (18) reaches a certain value, the cracked ammonia-hydrogen gas mixture enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) as a starting and pilot fuel; After the internal combustion engine runs normally, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) is closed, and the liquid ammonia supplied by the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is injected into the cylinder through the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device as fuel, and is pre-combusted by the ammonia-hydrogen mixture. The ignition device (28) is responsible for igniting; The second gas intake position is: when the input end of the intake manifold injector (31) is connected to the output end of the ammonia cracker (18), the specific electronic control method is as follows: The power battery (32) supplies power to the electric heating device in the ammonia cracker (18) during the start-up and idle conditions of the internal combustion engine, heats the ammonia in the ammonia cracker (18) and provides ammonia in the ammonia cracker (18) The energy required for the cracking reaction occurs, and the liquid ammonia supplied by the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is gasified into ammonia gas by the liquid ammonia gasification device and then enters the ammonia cracker (18); At this time, both the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) and the second electronically controlled cut-off valve (25) are opened, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture generated by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker (18) enters the intake manifold injector (31), and It is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector (31), mixed with the air in the intake manifold, and then enters the cylinder as fuel. At the same time, the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture in the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) enters the ammonia-hydrogen The mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device (28), according to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas pre-combustion spark ignition device (28) injects the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas flame into the cylinder to ignite the fuel in the cylinder , in addition, the ammonia-hydrogen gas mixture produced by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker (18) also enters the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) as a pilot fuel; After the internal combustion engine runs normally, the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) is closed, the liquid ammonia supplied by the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is injected into the cylinder through the high-pressure liquid ammonia injection device, and the ammonia-hydrogen mixture is pre-combusted by the ignition device (28). ) is responsible for ignition. 10. the electronic control method of a kind of ammonia-hydrogen fusion internal combustion engine fuel supply and fire ignition system according to claim 9, is characterized in that: The liquid ammonia gasification device includes a heat exchanger (14), the output end of the liquid ammonia storage and supply device is connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the heat exchanger (14), and the ammonia gas of the heat exchanger (14) The output end is connected with the ammonia gas input end of the ammonia cracker (18), and the output end of the ammonia cracker (18) is connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger (14), and the heat exchanger (14) ) of the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas output end is connected with the input end of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23), when the second gas taking position is used, the output end of the ammonia cracker (18) is connected with an electronically controlled three Through valve (33), the two output ends of the electronically controlled three-way valve (33) are respectively connected with the ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas input end of the heat exchanger (14) and the input of the first electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) and the input end of the first electrically controlled shut-off valve (30) is connected to the output end of the ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the heat exchanger (14) through a pipeline; During the startup and idling process of the internal combustion engine, if the temperature of the ammonia cracker (18) is lower than the set value, the electronically controlled three-way valve (33) closes the pipeline leading to the heat exchanger (14) and opens the pipeline leading to the first A pipeline in the direction of the electric control cut-off valve (30), the ammonia-hydrogen mixture generated by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker (18) passes through the first electric control cut-off valve (30), enters the intake manifold injector (31), and It is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector (31), mixed with the air in the intake manifold and then enters the cylinder as starting fuel; if the temperature of the temperature sensor is higher than the set value, the electronically controlled three-way valve ( 33) Open the pipeline to the direction of the heat exchanger (14), and at the same time close the pipeline to the direction of the first electronically controlled shut-off valve (30), the ammonia-hydrogen mixture generated by the cracking reaction of the ammonia cracker (18) passes through. The electronically controlled three-way valve (33) enters the heat exchanger (14). Due to the large back pressure at the inlet end of the high-pressure ammonia and hydrogen storage container (23), the ammonia-hydrogen mixture from the output end of the heat exchanger (14) passes through the An electronically controlled cut-off valve (30) enters the intake manifold injector (31), and is injected into the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine by the intake manifold injector (31), mixed with the air in the intake manifold and then enters the cylinder as starting fuel , the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen mixture of the high-pressure ammonia-hydrogen storage container (23) at this time enters the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device (28), according to the ignition sequence of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia-hydrogen mixture pre-combustion spark ignition device (28) 28) Inject the ignited ammonia-hydrogen mixture flame into the cylinder to ignite the ammonia in the cylinder.

Images