CN114837581B - Drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill rods, which belongs to the field of mechanical equipment for engineering or geological drilling, and includes a support assembly, a shackle tong, a spinner, a hydraulic integrated valve and a hydraulic pipeline; the shackle tong includes Shackle fixed tongs and shackle moving tongs, the shackle moving tongs can rotate around the central axis of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device, and its rotation is realized by four shackle cylinders, each of which is equipped with a Rod cavity and a rodless cavity, and a rod cavity return spring is set in the rod cavity of the shackle cylinder, a rodless cavity return spring is set in the rodless cavity, and the spinner includes a spinner clamping mechanism and a spinner turning mechanism , the two are connected by a balance mechanism. The invention realizes the automatic alignment of the upper and lower drill pipes while stably clamping the drill pipes of various calibers; the movable tongs can automatically reset by means of the inner spring of the oil cylinder after unscrewing the first buckle of the drill pipe; When the thread of the drill pipe is excessively worn, it automatically matches the diameter of the drill pipe to tighten and loosen the drill pipe.

Description

Drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical equipment for engineering or geological drilling, and in particular relates to an automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill rods.

Background technique

In geological or engineering drilling, the drill pipe needs to transmit torque, pressure, and transport drilling fluid to the bottom of the hole, which is an important device connecting the drilling rig and the drill bit. While unscrewing the drill pipe is a work that needs to be repeated by the driller during the drilling process, the labor intensity is high and the risk is high. Improving the efficiency of unscrewing and unscrewing the drill pipe is of great significance for speeding up the entire drilling process.

At present, the supporting unscrewing mechanical devices of most drilling rigs on the market are hydraulic tongs and pipe twisters. The hydraulic tongs are too heavy and inconvenient to operate, while the pipe wrench is relatively light. The screwing and unloading action is performed through the set program, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency, saves manpower and drilling costs, and also reduces the drilling cost. construction hazards.

But existing pipe wringer still has the following deficiencies:

1. The pipe twisting machine needs to be placed near the drilling hole and installed separately from the drilling rig, which takes up a lot of space and increases the area of the drilling platform unnecessary.

2. The existing pipe twisting machines use the encoder electric control system to realize the positioning and reset of the drill pipe. In actual construction, the pipe twisting machines are often affected by vibrations and impacts in various directions, and often encounter drilling up and down. The unscrewing action was interrupted due to problems such as misalignment of the rod and failure of the shackle tongs to reset.

3. When unscrewing the drill pipe, the upper and lower drill pipes rotate relative to each other. Due to the internal thread of the drill pipe, the two drill pipes will also float in the axial direction. However, the existing pipe twisting machine cannot solve this problem well. This results in excessive thread wear during unscrewing, reducing the life of the drill pipe.

For example, the Chinese utility model patent with the application number 201620823111.7 published on 2016-12-21 involves the field of geological and other drilling equipment machinery, including three parts: the driving device, the upper clamping cylinder and the lower clamping cylinder. Among them, the lower clamping oil cylinder is used to clamp the drilling rig, and the upper clamping oil cylinder is used to clamp the drill pipe, and the drill pipe is mainly rotated and dismantled by the impact force. The structure of the utility model is relatively complicated and not compact enough, and lacks the functions of automatically positioning and resetting the drill rod.

Another example is the U.S. patent application No. 15/539989 disclosed on 2017-12-21, which relates to a system and method for positioning drill pipes on a drilling rig platform. By using the offset camera installed in the radial direction to identify and process the three-dimensional image information of the drill pipe, the instruction is transmitted to the automatic mechanical device to position the drill pipe and perform the unscrewing work. The invention patent uses the computer image recognition processing function to locate and reset the method is too complicated, and relies on electronic equipment such as cameras, and lacks reliability when drilling in extreme environments.

Contents of the invention

In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill rods, which can realize the automatic alignment of the upper and lower drill rods while stably clamping drill rods of various calibers; After the first buckle of the drill pipe is unscrewed, it can be automatically reset with the help of the inner spring of the oil cylinder; the floating spinner can automatically match the diameter of the drill pipe to tighten and loosen the drill pipe without excessive wear on the drill pipe thread.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device, which is characterized in that it includes: a support assembly, a shackle tong, a spinner, a hydraulic integrated valve and a hydraulic pipeline;

The support assembly includes a complete machine mounting flange, a mounting bracket and an upper flange, and the complete machine mounting flange is connected to the drilling rig; the mounting bracket is fixed between the complete machine mounting flange and the upper flange;

The shackle pliers include shackle fixed pliers and shackle moving pliers, the shackle fixed pliers include a guide rail seat, a clamping oil cylinder and a pulley seat, and the guide rail seat is fixed on the support assembly through a coupling flange; The number of trolley seats is two, and the sliding fit connection between the two trolley seats and the guide rail seat; the number of the clamping oil cylinder is the same as the number of the trolley seats, and the two clamping oil cylinders are used to synchronously drive the two trolley seats along the guide rail The seats move closer or farther away from each other, and there is a detachable clamp block on the side facing each other of the two block seats, which are respectively concave clamp clamp block and convex clamp clamp block; the shackle dynamic clamp can be wound around The central axis of the whole drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device rotates. The shackle tongs include the main body of the shackle tongs, the shackle oil cylinder, the return spring with a rod chamber and the return spring without a rod chamber. The main body of the shackle tongs and the shackle The structure of the shackle fixed pliers is the same, the main body of the shackle pliers and the shackle fixed pliers are symmetrically arranged up and down; the shackle oil cylinder adopts a single-rod piston hydraulic cylinder, the cylinder end of the shackle oil cylinder is installed on the mounting bracket, and the shackle oil cylinder The piston rod end of the shackle is connected to the main body of the shackle vise. The number of shackle cylinders is four, and the four shackle cylinders are in groups of two, and the two sets of shackle cylinders are related to the first part of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device. The center line is symmetrically arranged. The two shackle cylinders of the same group are arranged symmetrically with respect to the second centerline of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device. The first centerline and the second centerline are perpendicular to each other. Each shackle cylinder has a A rod cavity and a rodless cavity, and a rod cavity return spring is set in the rod cavity of the shackle cylinder, and a rodless cavity return spring is set in the rodless cavity of the shackle cylinder. , the hydraulic oil in each cavity of the shackle cylinder in the shackle tongs is in an unloaded state, and the return springs with rod chambers and the return springs with no rod chambers inside each shackle cylinder in the shackle tongs are in a balanced state, so that the unloading When the pulling tongs are reset, each shackle cylinder does not generate torque relative to the central axis;

The spinner includes a turnbuckle clamping mechanism and a turnbuckle turning mechanism, the turnbuckle clamping mechanism and the turnbuckle turning mechanism are connected through a balance mechanism, and the turnbuckle clamping mechanism includes a spinner flange seat, a trolley rail seat , the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder and the turnbuckle clamping block, the turnbuckle clamping mechanism is assembled on the flange shaft of the shackle pliers through the flange seat of the spinner, and the shackle pliers installation flange shaft is provided with a frame The upper flange seat hole, the flange seat of the spinner is fixed on the flange shaft of the shackle tongs through the bolts inserted into the flange seat on the frame, and the flange shaft of the shackle tongs is inserted into the upper flange Among them, there is an elastic support block assembled in a ring in the contact gap between the top of the upper flange and the shackle mounting flange shaft; the trolley guide rail seat is arranged on the spinner flange seat; the spinner clip The number of tight blocks is two, and the two rotary buckle clamping blocks are slidably connected with the block rail seat; The oil cylinder is used to synchronously drive the two turnbuckle clamping carriages to approach or move away from each other along the guide rail seat of the trolley, and a detachable clamping block is provided on each side of the two turnbuckle clamping carriages facing each other, which are respectively Concave pliers clamp block, convex pliers clamp block; the number of the rotary buckle rotary mechanism is two, and the two rotary buckle rotary mechanisms are installed on the two rotary buckle clamping pulleys respectively, and each rotary buckle rotary mechanism includes a rotary knob hydraulic pressure Motor, turnbuckle wheel shaft, turnbuckle wheel, gear box, turnbuckle driving gear and turnbuckle driven gear, the gear box is arranged on the turnbuckle clamping pulley, and the gear box is provided with a turnbuckle driving gear and a turnbuckle slave There are two driven gears, the number of driven gears of the spin buckle is two, and the two driven gears of the spin buckle are meshed with the driving gear of the spin buckle. One rotates clockwise, the said turnbuckle hydraulic motor is connected with the turnbuckle driving gear to drive the turnbuckle driving gear to rotate; the turnbuckle driven gear is installed on the turnbuckle wheel axle; the turnbuckle wheel is installed on the turnbuckle axle ;

The input end of the hydraulic pipeline is connected to the hydraulic integrated valve, and the output end of the hydraulic pipeline is respectively connected to the clamping oil cylinder, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor;

Wherein, the two ends of the shackle fixed tong and the shackle moving tong are aligned with a proximity switch.

Further, the inner side of the trolley seat is provided with a groove, and the outer side of the top of the guide rail seat is provided with a raised slide rail. The lower guide plate of the trolley and the side guide plate of the trolley are respectively connected with the inner surface by screws, so that the trolley seat can slide along the raised slide rail on the rail seat.

Further, a groove is provided on the inner side of the clamping trolley of the turnbuckle, and a raised slide rail is provided on the outside of the top of the trolley guide rail seat, and the groove and the raised slide rail are fitted together so that the clamping trolley of the turnbuckle is installed on the trolley On the guide rail seat, the bottom and the inner surface of the turnbuckle clamping tackle are respectively connected with the lower guide plate of the tackle and the side guide plate of the tackle through screws, so that the turnbuckle clamping tackle can slide along the raised slide rail on the tackle guide rail seat.

Further, the shape of the concave jaw block and the convex jaw jaw block are matched and can be fitted with each other.

Further, the shackle oil cylinder includes a shackle cylinder piston rod and a shackle cylinder barrel, and the shackle cylinder piston rod is plugged into the shackle cylinder barrel; the rod cavity return spring is sleeved on the shackle cylinder piston on the rod; the return spring of the rodless cavity is assembled in the gap between the piston rod of the shackle cylinder and the cylinder barrel of the shackle cylinder.

Further, several waist-shaped grooves are opened on the annular support surface at the top of the upper flange, and elastic supporting blocks are installed in the waist-shaped grooves.

Further, the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder adopts a flange structure to connect with the guide rail seat, the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder adopts an ear ring pin structure to connect with the lug seat under the trolley seat, and the clamping oil cylinder is placed on the guide rail seat internal.

Further, the balance mechanism includes the lower ear seat of the balance mechanism, the heavy return spring, the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism, the light return spring and the vertical pin of the balance mechanism, and the lower ear seat of the balance mechanism is connected with the side of the turnbuckle clamping block The upper ear seat of the balance mechanism is installed in the middle position of the side of the gearbox; the vertical pin of the balance mechanism passes through the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism and the lower ear seat of the balance mechanism, and the two ends of the vertical pin of the balance mechanism are locked with nuts; the heavy-duty The return spring is sleeved outside the vertical pin of the balance mechanism and placed between the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism and the lower ear seat of the balance mechanism; the light return spring is sleeved outside the vertical pin of the balance mechanism and placed above the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism.

Through the above-mentioned design scheme, the present invention can bring the following beneficial effects: the present invention proposes an automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill pipes, which realizes automatic alignment of the upper and lower drill pipes while stably holding drill pipes of various calibers; After the pliers unscrew the first buckle of the drill pipe, it can automatically reset with the help of the inner spring of the oil cylinder; the floating spinner can automatically match the diameter of the drill pipe to tighten and loosen the drill pipe without excessive wear on the drill pipe thread.

Further beneficial effects: the positioning mechanism of the shackles commonly used in the market at present uses sensors to realize reset and centering, but in actual working conditions, the sensor positioning mechanism often cannot accurately achieve reset, and manual intervention is required to complete the reset. The present invention The proposed automatic clamping and unscrewing device for drill pipe uses the positioning mechanism composed of two return springs installed in the shackle oil cylinder, and uses the elastic force of the two return springs to complete the reset. The structure of the reset mechanism is simple, safe and reliable, and does not require manual intervention. , It can realize automatic reset and centering during the process of unscrewing the opening, and at the same time, the four sets of return springs also play the role of absorbing torque during the shackle work, which can prolong the working life of various mechanisms such as the shackle vise.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the application. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to understand the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of the shackle fixing tongs in the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram 2 of the shackle fixing tongs in the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the shackle dynamic tong in the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device;

Fig. 5 is a partial schematic diagram 1 of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device;

Fig. 6 is a partial schematic diagram II of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device.

In the figure: 1-Shackle fixed pliers; 2-Shackle moving pliers; 3-Hydraulic integrated valve; 4-Turn buckle clamping mechanism; 5-Turn buckle rotation mechanism; ;8-upper flange; 9-hydraulic pipeline; 101-rail seat; 102-clamping cylinder; - lower guide plate of tackle; 108 - side guide plate of tackle; 201 - outer ear seat of shackle cylinder; 202 - piston rod of shackle cylinder; 203 - cylinder barrel of shackle cylinder; 204 - return spring of rod cavity; ;206-Shackle cylinder inner ear seat; 207-Shackle pliers mounting flange shaft; 208-Elastic support block; 209-Flange seat hole on the frame; Pulley; 303-lower ear seat of balance mechanism; 304-heavy return spring; 305-upper ear seat of balance mechanism; 306-light return spring; 307-vertical pin of balance mechanism; 310-turn buckle wheel; 311-gear box; 312-pullway rail seat; 313-turn buckle clamping oil cylinder; 314-turn buckle driving gear; 315-turn buckle driven gear; a-arc groove; b-groove structure; c-projection structure; d-flange structure; e-earring pin structure.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In order not to obscure the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, procedures, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail.

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6, the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device includes a support assembly, a shackle tong and a spinner, and the shackle tong includes a shackle Buckle fixed tongs 1 and shackle moving tongs 2, the spinner includes a turnbuckle clamping mechanism 4 and a turnbuckle turning mechanism 5; in addition, the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device also includes a hydraulic integrated valve 3 and a hydraulic pipeline 9, The input end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 is inserted on the hydraulic integrated valve 3, and the output end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 is connected with the clamping oil cylinder 102, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder 313 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 at the same time, which is the clamping oil cylinder 102, The normal operation of the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder 313 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 provides a power source to ensure the synchronous coordination of the clamping oil cylinder 102, the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder 313 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 in the device. The following will introduce in detail through specific implementation manners.

The support assembly plays the role of fixing and connecting with other mechanisms in the whole device. The support assembly includes the installation flange 6 of the whole machine, the installation bracket 7 and the upper flange 8. The installation flange 6 of the whole machine is connected with the drilling rig. connection, there are several holes on the mounting flange 6 of the whole machine, so as to be installed on various drilling rigs to realize modularization; the mounting bracket 7 is fixedly installed between the mounting flange 6 of the whole machine and the upper flange 8, and the mounting bracket 7 is used to support the shackle clamp; the upper flange 8 is connected with the mounting bracket 7 and the spinner.

The shackle fixing clamp 1 includes a guide rail seat 101, a clamping oil cylinder 102 and a tackle seat 103, and the guide rail seat 101 is fixed on the supporting assembly through a connecting flange 106; The number of the clamping oil cylinders 102 is the same as that of the trolley seats 103, and the two clamping oil cylinders 102 are used to synchronously drive the two trolley seats 103 along the guide rail seat. 101 move closer or farther away from each other, and a detachable clamping block is respectively provided on the opposite sides of the two tackle seats 103, which are respectively concave clamp clamping block 104 and convex clamp clamping block 105;

Specifically, the detailed connection relationship and functions between the various components in the shackle fixing pliers 1 are as follows: the shackle fixing pliers 1 cooperate with the installation flange 6 of the whole machine through the connecting flange 106, and the guide rail seat 101 is stuck on the connecting flange 106 In the groove that the upper end is opened, a key is used to fix the position of the guide rail seat 101 relative to the connecting flange 106, so that it is centered. The rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the guide rail seat 101 by adopting the flange structure d, and the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the lug seat below the trolley seat 103 by adopting the earring pin structure e; wherein, the flange structure d is welded together with the rear end of the cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder 102, and then the flange structure d is fixed on the guide rail seat 101 with bolts; the lower end of the trolley seat 103 is fixed with two lug seats with bolts, which are the upper lug seat and the lower lug seat respectively. The ear seat, the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is in the shape of an earring, and the lower ear seat, the ear ring and the upper ear seat are connected together with a pin, so that the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the block seat 103; The tight oil cylinder 102 is placed inside the guide rail seat 101, effectively avoiding damages such as possible collision impact and wear during the working process. The side of the block seat 103 is fixed with a block side guide plate 108 with bolts, and the bottom of the block block 103 is fixed with a block lower guide plate 107 with bolts, so that the block block 103 is stuck in the guide rail seat 101, so that the block block 103 can be smoothly moved along the guide rail seat 101. Migration, with good guiding stability. The concave pliers clamp block 104 and the convex pliers clamp block 105 are assembled on the respective corresponding tackle seats 103 with bolts, the concave pliers clamp block 104 has a groove structure b, and the convex pliers clamp block 105 has a raised structure c, in the clamping small The two fit together when the diameter of the drill pipe is large, so that the clamping block can meet the clamping operation requirements of a larger diameter range.

In this embodiment, the shackle clamp 1 is flange-fitted with the installation flange 6 of the whole machine through the coupling flange 106, and other coupling methods can also be used. For example, the coupling flange 106 can be designed into other shapes, such as square shape. The slotting on the upper end of the connecting flange 106 cooperates with the shackle fixing pliers 1, and the position of the shackle fixing pliers 1 is fixed by a key. A circular baffle is reserved in the middle of the connecting flange 106, and the lower end of the connecting flange 106 is designed as a square block. There is also a square groove inside the machine mounting flange 6 to cooperate with the square block, and the connecting flange 106 is connected to the machine mounting flange 6 with bolts through holes at the bottom of the machine mounting flange 6, and the shackle fixing clamp 1 fixed.

In addition, the cylinder rear end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the guide rail seat 101 by adopting the flange structure d, and the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder 102 is connected with the lug seat under the trolley seat 103 by adopting the earring pin structure e. The cylinder barrel rear end of clamping oil cylinder 102 also can adopt other structures to be connected with guide rail seat 101, for example, the cylinder barrel rear end of clamping oil cylinder 102 can be designed as an inserting structure and fixed with bolts, and the cylinder barrel rear end of tightening oil cylinder 102 A square block is designed at the end, and a corresponding square groove is opened on the side of the guide rail seat 101 to insert the square block. A circular or square baffle is designed between the square block and the cylinder barrel of the clamping cylinder 102 to increase the size of the clamping cylinder. 102 and the contact area of the guide rail seat 101, so that the force on the clamping cylinder 102 is uniform and the guide rail seat 101 is not damaged. 102 is connected to the guide rail seat 101; the piston rod end of the same clamping oil cylinder 102 also can adopt the plug-in structure and the mode of fixing with bolts, weld or fix a rectangular block with bolts under the tackle seat 103, and one end of the rectangular block is slotted to Insert the piston rod of the clamping oil cylinder 102, and the other end then perforates the piston rod of the clamping oil cylinder 102 with a bolt, and the piston rod of the clamping oil cylinder 102 can also be connected with the block block 103 together. Other connection structures such as bolt connection and welding also have the same connection results, which will not be described in detail here.

The carriage seat 103 moves back and forth along the guide rail direction of the guide rail seat 101 through the lower guide plate 107 of the carriage and the side guide plate 108 of the carriage. It can be a V-fit structure. Other structures that can guide smoothly such as rollers also have the same effect. This structural change can also be applied to the corresponding structures of the shackle vise 2 and the spinner, and other structural forms that can achieve a smooth guiding effect are also within the scope of the present invention.

In addition, the female clamp block 104 and the convex clamp block 105 are fixed on the block 103 by bolts, and the concave clamp block 104 and the convex block 105 can also be welded on the block 103 . The shapes of the groove structure b and the protruding structure c can adopt different design schemes, and the present invention adopts a V-shaped structure. A trapezoidal structure or an arc-shaped structure may also be used, which is also within the scope of the present invention.

The shackle dynamic tongs 2 can rotate around the central axis of the entire drilling rod automatic clamping and unscrewing device, and its rotation is realized by four shackle cylinders. The shackle dynamic tongs 2 include a shackle dynamic tongs main body, a shackle cylinder, There is a rod cavity return spring 204 and a rodless cavity return spring 205. The main body of the shackle movable tongs and the shackle fixed tongs 1 have the same structure. The main body of the shackle tongs and the shackle fixed tongs 1 are symmetrically arranged up and down. The end of the shackle fixed tongs 1 is provided with a proximity switch at the alignment position. After the shackle tongs are reset and within a certain allowable angle error range, the proximity switch can send a signal; the shackle cylinder adopts a single-rod piston hydraulic cylinder , the cylinder end of the shackle oil cylinder is installed on the mounting bracket 7, the piston rod end of the shackle oil cylinder is connected to the main body of the shackle moving tongs, the number of the shackle oil cylinders is four, and the four shackle oil cylinders are in pairs, And the two groups of shackle cylinders are arranged symmetrically about the first centerline of the automatic drill pipe clamping and unscrewing device, and the two shackle cylinders of the same group are symmetrically arranged about the second centerline of the automatic drill pipe clamping and unscrewing device. The center line and the second center line are perpendicular to each other. Each shackle cylinder is provided with a rod chamber and a rodless chamber, and a rod chamber return spring 204 is arranged in the rod chamber of the shackle cylinder. A rodless cavity return spring 205 is arranged in the rodless cavity. When the shackle dynamic tongs 2 are in the reset state, the hydraulic oil in each cavity in the shackle cylinder in the shackle dynamic tongs 2 is in an unloaded state, and the hydraulic oil in the shackle dynamic tongs 2 is in an unloaded state. The return spring 204 with rod cavity and the return spring 205 without rod cavity inside each shackle oil cylinder are all in a balanced state, so that each shackle oil cylinder does not generate torque relative to the central axis when the shackle movable tongs 2 are reset.

The detailed connection relationship and functions between the various components in the concrete shackle moving tongs 2 are as follows:

The base of the shackle oil cylinder is connected to the inner ear seat 206 of the shackle cylinder of the installation bracket 7 by bolts, and the top end of the piston rod of the shackle oil cylinder is connected to the outer ear seat 201 of the shackle cylinder by bolts. The torque of the hour hand disengages the first buckle of the drill pipe, and simultaneously a rod chamber return spring 204 and a rodless chamber return spring 205 are installed in the four breakout oil cylinders. For the convenience of description, the four shackle cylinders in this embodiment are respectively called shackle cylinder A, shackle cylinder B, shackle cylinder C and shackle cylinder D. The four shackle cylinders (that is, shackle cylinder A, shackle oil cylinder B, shackle oil cylinder C and shackle oil cylinder D) are all fixed on the outer side of the guide rail seat 101 of the shackle moving tongs 2 through the shackle cylinder outer ear seat 201, and fixed on the installation bracket 7 through the shackle cylinder inner ear seat 206 Above; the above four shackle oil cylinders all include a shackle cylinder piston rod 202 and a shackle cylinder barrel 203, the outer end of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is fixed on the outer ear seat 201 of the shackle cylinder by bolts, and the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 Inserted in the shackle cylinder barrel 203, wherein the side of the rod cavity in the shackle oil cylinder is inserted with a rod cavity return spring 204, and the rodless cavity side of the shackle oil cylinder is equipped with a rodless cavity return spring 205.

The shackle dynamic tongs 2 are fixed on the installation bracket 7 through the inner ear seat 206 of the shackle cylinder, and the installation bracket 7 is provided with an arc-shaped groove a under the inner ear seat 206 of the shackle cylinder. The range of angles of rotation prevents the block seat 103 of the shackle dynamic tongs 2 from colliding with the mounting bracket 7 when the shackle dynamic tongs 2 are rotating.

As shown in Figure 5, the shackle moving tongs 2 are driven by four shackle cylinders (i.e. shackle cylinder A, shackle cylinder B, shackle cylinder C and shackle cylinder D), and the shackle cylinder A at the diagonal The action mode of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 of the shackle cylinder D is the same as that of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 of the shackle cylinder B and the shackle cylinder C. The action mode of the adjacent shackle cylinder is opposite, and the shackle cylinder When the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of B and shackle cylinder C stretch out, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of shackle cylinder A and shackle cylinder D contract. All shackle oil cylinders are connected with the main body of the shackle pliers through the outer ear seat 201 of the shackle cylinder, and connected with the installation bracket 7 through the inner ear seat 206 of the shackle cylinder. Cylinder ear seat 201 is connected. When the shackle action is performed, the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 of the shackle cylinder B and the shackle cylinder C is stretched out under hydraulic drive, at this time, the return spring 204 of the rod cavity is compressed, and the return spring 205 of the non-rod cavity is stretched ; Simultaneously, the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 of the shackle cylinder A and the shackle cylinder D is retracted under the opposite hydraulic drive, at this time, the return spring 204 of the rod chamber is stretched, and the return spring 205 of the rodless chamber is compressed. When the shackle moving tongs 2 are reset after the shackle is completed, hydraulic oil is no longer provided for the shackle cylinder A, shackle cylinder B, shackle cylinder C, and shackle cylinder D, and the reset springs 204 in the four rod chambers Under the combined action of the four rodless chamber return springs 205, the shackle moving tongs 2 can be automatically reset, which reduces the difficulty of reset and improves work efficiency.

When the high-pressure oil enters the clamping cylinder 102 from the oil delivery port of the clamping cylinder 102 on both sides, the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 102 is pushed by the thrust to push the two side blocks 103 to slide toward the axis of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device , both sides of the trolley seat 103 drive the concave clamp block 104 and the convex clamp block 105 to move closer to the axis of the drill pipe automatic clamping and unscrewing device. At this time, the shackle fixed tongs 1 complete the action of clamping the drill pipe; The oil drain port of the clamping oil cylinder 102 on both sides enters into the clamping oil cylinder 102, the piston rod of the clamping oil cylinder 102 moves to the original position under the action of the high-pressure oil pressure, the trolley seat 103 on both sides slides to the two ends of the guide rail seat 101, and the concave clamp The clamp block 104 and the convex clamp clamp block 105 move to both ends of the rail seat 101 under the drive of the trolley seat 103. At this time, the shackle moving tongs 2 end the clamping state. By adjusting the oil pressure in the clamping oil cylinder 102, it can be adjusted. The clamping diameter of the drill pipe is suitable for the diameter of the drill pipe under different working conditions; When opening, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of shackle cylinder A and shackle cylinder D stretch out to the outside of the cylinder under pressure, and the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of shackle cylinder B and shackle cylinder C under pressure Retract to the inside of the oil cylinder, at this time, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the four shackle cylinders drive the guide rail seat 101 of the shackle moving tongs 2 to rotate counterclockwise around the axis, because the concave pliers clamp block 104 and the convex pliers clamp block 105 are inlaid On the trolley seat 103, the guide rail seat 101 drives the above two to clamp the drill pipe and rotate counterclockwise to complete the shackle action; and the oil delivery port of shackle cylinder C, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of shackle cylinder A and shackle cylinder D retract to the inside of the cylinder under pressure, and the shackle cylinders of shackle cylinder B and shackle cylinder C The piston rod 202 stretches out to the outside of the oil cylinder under the action of pressure. At this time, the shackle cylinder piston rods 202 of the four shackle oil cylinders drive the guide rail seat 101 to rotate clockwise around the axis, and the concave pliers clamp block 104 and the convex pliers clamp block 105 Driven by the pulley seat 103, it rotates clockwise, and the return spring 204 of the rod cavity and the return spring 205 of the non-rod cavity in the shackle oil cylinder form a positioning mechanism. The rodless chamber return spring 205 in the shackle cylinder A and the shackle cylinder D is compressed, and the rod chamber return spring 204 in the shackle cylinder B and the shackle cylinder C is compressed, and the above-mentioned return springs all generate pressure to the outside of the shackle cylinder. The horizontal thrust continues to push the guide rail seat 101 to rotate clockwise. With the clockwise rotation of the guide rail seat 101, when the rod cavity return spring 204 in the shackle cylinder A and the shackle cylinder D is compressed, the shackle cylinder B and When the rodless chamber return spring 205 in the shackle cylinder C is compressed, the above-mentioned return springs all generate a horizontal thrust to the outside of the shackle cylinder, pushing the guide rail seat 101 to rotate counterclockwise, and the guide rail can be realized by repeated compression and release of the return spring. After the seat 101 is automatically reset and centered after the shackle action is completed, when the guide rail seat 101 rotates clockwise at a relatively large angle and does not return to its original position, it is the same as the above-mentioned movement process. The continuous compression and release of the return spring 205 completes the automatic reset and centering of the shackle dynamic tongs 2 .

The upper end of the shackle pliers cooperates with the mounting bracket 7 through the installation flange shaft 207 of the shackle pliers, and the protruding part of the installation flange shaft 207 of the shackle pliers is assembled in the flange seat hole 209 on the frame. When carrying out the work of unloading the first button, the shackle movable tongs 2 will move up a short distance as a whole, and the six elastic support blocks 208 can provide the capacity for this short distance to ensure that the shackle movable tongs 2 can be loosened along with the drill pipe thread. Open and move upwards to protect the shackle vise 2 and the drill pipe thread from being damaged.

In this embodiment, the front end of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is connected with the two shackle cylinder ear seats 201 through a pin shaft, and the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is located in the middle of the two shackle cylinder ear seats 201, and a The shackle cylinder ear seat 201 is installed in the middle of the guide rail seat 101, and the front end of the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is designed as a structure with two earrings, which can clamp the shackle cylinder ear seat 201, and then use the pin The shackle cylinder piston rod 202 is connected with the shackle cylinder outer ear seat 201. Such a design may make the force transmitted by the shackle cylinder piston rod 202 act on the shackle pliers 2. It is not as stable as setting up and down two shackle cylinder outer ear seats 201. But this solution is also within the scope of the present invention.

In the present invention, the reset action of the shackle moving tongs 2 is through the rod cavity return spring 204 and the non-return spring 204 in the four shackle cylinders (shackle cylinder A, shackle cylinder B, shackle cylinder C and shackle cylinder D). Rod cavity reset spring 205 works together to realize the reset and centering of shackle movable tongs 2. During reset, hydraulic oil is no longer passed into the four shackle cylinders, and only the springs of rod cavity reset spring 204 and rodless cavity reset spring 205 are used. Reset under the action of force, which requires the determination of the required spring force and then select the corresponding return spring. It is also possible to set a neutral block on the mounting bracket 7 when the shackle dynamic pliers 2 is in the neutral position, and use materials such as rubber that will not be damaged by the shackle dynamic pliers 2. At this time, the shackle dynamic pliers 2 can be reset in the neutral position. Quickly stop to the middle position under the action of the block and the return spring. The number of shackle oil cylinders in the present invention is four, when other numbers of hydraulic cylinders are selected, for example two shackle oil cylinders are also within the scope of the present invention.

Among the present invention, the elastic support blocks 208 adopt the mode of six evenly arranged one week, and also can adopt the mode of four, two or all the elastic support blocks arranged in one week. Materials with small elastic deformations.

The spinner includes a spinner clamping mechanism 4 and a spinner rotary mechanism 5, and the spinner clamping mechanism 4 includes a spinner flange seat 301, a pulley guide rail seat 312, a spinner clamping cylinder 313 and a spinner Clamping pulley 302, turnbuckle clamping mechanism 4 is assembled on the shackle clamp mounting flange shaft 207 through the spinner flange seat 301, and the shackle clamp mounting flange shaft 207 is provided with a flange seat on the frame Hole 209, the spinner flange seat 301 is fixed on the shackle pliers installation flange shaft 207 through the bolts inserted in the flange seat 209 on the frame, and the shackle pliers installation flange shaft 207 is inserted on the upper In the flange 8, thereby completing the assembly relationship between the spinner and the shackle; where the top of the upper flange 8 and the shackle installation flange shaft 207 are in contact with an elastic support block 208 in a ring shape; the said The pulley guide rail seat 312 is arranged on the flange seat 301 of the spinner; the quantity of the clamping tackle 302 of the spinner is two, and the two clamping tackles 302 of the spinner and the pulley guide rail seat 312 are slidably connected; The quantity of the turnbuckle clamping cylinders 313 is the same as the quantity of the turnbuckle clamping tackles 302, and the two turnbuckle clamping cylinders 313 are used to synchronously drive the two turnbuckle clamping trolleys 302 to approach or move away from each other along the trolley rail seat 312 , and a detachable clamping block is respectively provided on the opposite sides of the two rotary buckle clamping blocks 302, which are respectively the concave clamp clamping block 104 and the convex clamping clamp block 105; the number of the rotary buckle rotating mechanism 5 There are two, two turnbuckle rotating mechanisms 5 are installed on two turnbuckle clamping tackles 302 respectively, and each turnbuckle turning mechanism 5 includes a turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308, a turnbuckle wheel shaft 309, a turnbuckle wheel 310, and a gear box. 311, the turnbuckle driving gear 314 and the turnbuckle driven gear 315, the gear box 311 is arranged on the turnbuckle clamping tackle 302, the turnbuckle driving gear 314 and the turnbuckle driven gear 315 are arranged in the gear box 311, The number of buckle driven gears 315 is two, and the two spin buckle driven gears 315 are all meshed with the spin buckle driving gear 314. The spin buckle driving gear 314 drives the two spin buckle driven gears 315 to rotate, and one rotates counterclockwise. The other rotates clockwise, the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 is connected with the turnbuckle driving gear 314, and is used to drive the turnbuckle driving gear 314 to rotate; the turnbuckle driven gear 315 is installed on the turnbuckle wheel shaft 309; the turnbuckle wheel 310 is installed on the turnbuckle axle 309.

Two spinner hydraulic motors 308 in the spinner drive two spinner axles 309 to rotate synchronously through gear transmission, that is, each spinner driving gear 314 drives two spinner driven gears 315 meshed with it to rotate simultaneously, thereby Drive the spinner wheel 310 to rotate synchronously to carry out the spinner work, the spinner hydraulic motor 308 is fixed on the gear box 311 by bolts, the gear box 311 is a bearing, gear and bearing structure, and the spinner wheel shaft 309 and the spinner wheel 310 are used Key connection, the turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 on both sides are jointly controlled by the hydraulic integrated valve 3 and the hydraulic pipeline 9 to ensure that the two turnbuckle hydraulic motors 308 rotate synchronously, and the hydraulic integrated valve 3 is fixed on the trolley rail seat by bolts or welding On the side edge of 312, the hydraulic pipeline 9 is connected to the hydraulic integrated valve 3 and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308, which can drive the turnbuckle hydraulic motor 308 to rotate.

The turnbuckle clamping mechanism 4 and the turnbuckle turning mechanism 5 are connected through a balance mechanism, and the balance mechanism includes a balance mechanism lower ear seat 303, a heavy return spring 304, a balance mechanism upper ear seat 305, a light return spring 306 and a balance mechanism vertical pin 307, The lower ear seat 303 of the balance mechanism is connected with the side of the turnbuckle clamping block 302, the upper ear seat 305 of the balance mechanism is installed at the middle position on the side of the upper gear box 311, and the vertical pin 307 of the balance mechanism passes through the upper ear seat 305 of the balance mechanism and the lower end of the balance mechanism. The ear seat 303, the heavy return spring 304 passes through the vertical pin 307 of the balance mechanism and is placed between the upper ear seat 305 of the balance mechanism and the lower ear seat 304 of the balance mechanism; the light return spring 306 passes through the vertical pin 307 of the balance mechanism and is placed on the upper ear seat of the balance mechanism Above 305, the two ends of the vertical pin 307 of the balance mechanism are locked with nuts, and the balance mechanism can provide a certain capacity for the distance caused by the loosening of the drill pipe thread during the spin, ensuring that the spinner has a certain degree of freedom in the vertical direction. Protect drill pipe threads and spinners from damage.

The spinner can float up and down when clamping the drill pipe for twisting action to balance the force on the drill pipe, avoiding the damage of the thread or drill pipe caused by the large bending moment when the drill pipe is unscrewed and unscrewed; the top structure of the spinner Compact, the speed of the spinner can be adjusted by replacing the gear box 311 and gears; the gear box 311 adopts an open structure, and the working status of the gears can be clearly observed during work, and the fault can be eliminated in time when the spinner breaks down ; The clamping diameter of the drill pipe can be changed by replacing the spinner wheel 310 with different diameters, which is suitable for various drill pipe diameters under different working conditions.

In this embodiment, the spinner wheel 310 is installed above the spinner wheel shaft 309, and the spinner wheel 310 can also be installed below, and the spinner hydraulic motor 308 and the spinner wheel shaft 309 are arranged above. The position of the spinner wheel 310 can change. Spinner wheel 310 and spinner axle 309 adopt key to cooperate, also can be set to square above spinner axle 309, square groove is opened in the middle of spinner wheel 310 and spinner axle 309 cooperates, makes dismounting also convenient like this.

In the present invention, the number of teeth of the turnbuckle driving gear 314 and the turnbuckle driven gear 315 is fixed, which makes the turnbuckle wheel 310 only at a certain speed, and a gearbox can also be designed to adopt different numbers of teeth. Gear 314 cooperates with spin buckle driven gear 315, can change the rotation speed of spin buckle wheel 310 like this, can select corresponding spin buckle driving gear 314 under different working conditions like this, has improved work efficiency to a certain extent.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate this invention, and the parts, devices and installation methods of the embodiments are all variable, and some variations are also listed above. When there are other methods based on the technical solutions of the present invention All equivalent changes and improvements should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Automatic clamping and screwing-off device for drill rods, which is characterized by comprising: the hydraulic integrated valve comprises a supporting assembly, a shackle clamp, a spinner, a hydraulic integrated valve (3) and a hydraulic pipeline (9);

the supporting assembly comprises a complete machine mounting flange (6), a mounting bracket (7) and an upper flange (8), wherein the complete machine mounting flange (6) is connected with the drilling machine; the mounting bracket (7) is fixedly arranged between the whole machine mounting flange (6) and the upper flange (8);

the shackle clamp comprises a shackle fixing clamp (1) and a shackle moving clamp (2), wherein the shackle fixing clamp (1) comprises a guide rail seat (101), a clamping oil cylinder (102) and a pulley seat (103), and the guide rail seat (101) is fixed on a supporting assembly through a connecting flange (106); the number of the pulley seats (103) is two, and the two pulley seats (103) are connected with the guide rail seat (101) in a sliding fit manner; the number of the clamping cylinders (102) is the same as that of the pulley seats (103), the two clamping cylinders (102) are used for synchronously driving the two pulley seats (103) to move close to or away from each other along the guide rail seat (101), and detachable clamping blocks, namely a concave clamp clamping block (104) and a convex clamp clamping block (105), are respectively arranged on one side, opposite to each other, of the two pulley seats (103); the shackle moving clamp (2) can rotate around a central shaft of the whole automatic clamping screwing and unscrewing device of the drill rod, the shackle moving clamp (2) comprises a shackle moving clamp main body, a shackle oil cylinder, a rod cavity reset spring (204) and a rodless cavity reset spring (205), the shackle moving clamp main body and the shackle fixing clamp (1) are identical in structure, and the shackle clamp main body and the shackle fixing clamp (1) are symmetrically arranged up and down; the hydraulic device comprises a single-rod piston type hydraulic cylinder, wherein the cylinder ends of the shackle cylinders are arranged on a mounting bracket (7), the piston rod ends of the shackle cylinders are connected to a shackle moving clamp main body, the number of the shackle cylinders is four, the four shackle cylinders are in one group, the two groups of shackle cylinders are symmetrically arranged relative to a first central line of a drilling rod automatic clamping screwing device, the two shackle cylinders of the same group are symmetrically arranged relative to a second central line of the drilling rod automatic clamping screwing device, the first central line and the second central line are mutually perpendicular, each shackle cylinder is provided with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity, rod cavity reset springs (204) are arranged in the rod cavities of the shackle cylinders, rodless cavity reset springs (205) are arranged in the rodless cavities of the shackle cylinders, in a reset state of the shackle moving clamp (2), and the rod cavity reset springs (204) and the rodless cavity reset springs (205) in the shackle moving clamp (2) are in a state, so that the hydraulic oil cavity reset state of the shackle moving clamp (2) is not balanced when the shackle moving clamp (2) is in a reset state;

The turnbuckle comprises a turnbuckle clamping mechanism (4) and a turnbuckle rotating mechanism (5), the turnbuckle clamping mechanism (4) and the turnbuckle rotating mechanism (5) are connected through a balancing mechanism, the turnbuckle clamping mechanism (4) comprises a turnbuckle flange seat (301), a pulley guide rail seat (312), a turnbuckle clamping cylinder (313) and a turnbuckle clamping pulley (302), the turnbuckle clamping mechanism (4) is assembled on a turnbuckle clamp mounting flange shaft (207) through the turnbuckle flange seat (301), a frame upper flange seat hole (209) is formed in the turnbuckle clamp mounting flange shaft (207), the turnbuckle flange seat (301) is fixed on the turnbuckle clamp mounting flange shaft (207) through bolts inserted in the frame upper flange seat (209), and the turnbuckle clamp mounting flange shaft (207) is inserted in an upper flange (8); wherein, an elastic supporting block (208) assembled in a ring shape is arranged in a contact gap between the top of the upper flange (8) and a shackle mounting flange shaft (207); the pulley guide rail seat (312) is arranged on the turnbuckle flange seat (301); the number of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302) is two, and the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302) are connected with the pulley guide rail seat (312) in a sliding fit manner; the number of the turnbuckle clamping cylinders (313) is the same as that of the turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302), the two turnbuckle clamping cylinders (313) are used for synchronously driving the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302) to move close to or away from each other along the pulley guide rail seat (312), and detachable clamping blocks, namely concave clamp clamping blocks (104) and convex clamp clamping blocks (105), are respectively arranged on one side, opposite to each other, of the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302); the number of the turnbuckle slewing mechanisms (5) is two, the two turnbuckle slewing mechanisms (5) are respectively arranged on the two turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302), each turnbuckle slewing mechanism (5) comprises a turnbuckle hydraulic motor (308), a turnbuckle wheel shaft (309), a turnbuckle wheel (310), a gear box (311), a turnbuckle driving gear (314) and a turnbuckle driven gear (315), the gear box (311) is arranged on the turnbuckle clamping pulleys (302), the gear box (311) is internally provided with the turnbuckle driving gear (314) and the turnbuckle driven gear (315), the number of the turnbuckle driven gears (315) is two, the two turnbuckle driven gears (315) are meshed with the turnbuckle driving gear (314), the turnbuckle driving gear (314) drives the two turnbuckle driven gears (315) to rotate, one of the turnbuckle driving gears anticlockwise rotate, and the other turnbuckle hydraulic motor (308) is connected with the turnbuckle driving gear (314) and is used for driving the turnbuckle driving gear (314) to rotate; the turnbuckle driven gear (315) is arranged on the turnbuckle wheel shaft (309); the turnbuckle wheel (310) is arranged on a turnbuckle wheel shaft (309);

The input end of the hydraulic pipeline (9) is connected with the hydraulic integrated valve (3), and the output end of the hydraulic pipeline (9) is respectively connected with the clamping oil cylinder (102), the turnbuckle clamping oil cylinder (313) and the turnbuckle hydraulic motor (308);

wherein, the two end parts of the shackle fixing clamp (1) and the shackle moving clamp (2) are aligned with each other and provided with a proximity switch.

2. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: the pulley seat (103) is internally provided with a groove, the outer side of the top of the guide rail seat (101) is provided with a convex sliding rail, the groove and the convex sliding rail are mutually embedded to enable the pulley seat (103) to be installed on the guide rail seat (101), and the bottom and the inner side surface of the pulley seat (103) are respectively connected with a pulley lower guide plate (107) and a pulley side guide plate (108) through screws, so that the pulley seat (103) can slide along the convex sliding rail on the guide rail seat (101).

3. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: the inside recess that is equipped with of turnbuckle clamp pulley (302), pulley guide rail seat (312) top outside is equipped with protruding slide rail, the recess with protruding slide rail gomphosis each other makes turnbuckle clamp pulley (302) install on pulley guide rail seat (312), and the bottom and the medial surface of turnbuckle clamp pulley (302) have pulley lower guide plate (107) and pulley side baffle (108) through the screw connection respectively for turnbuckle clamp pulley (302) can be followed on pulley guide rail seat (312) protruding slide rail slides.

4. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: the concave clamp block (104) and the convex clamp block (105) are matched in shape and can be mutually embedded.

5. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: the breaking out cylinder comprises a breaking out cylinder piston rod (202) and a breaking out cylinder barrel (203), and the breaking out cylinder piston rod (202) is inserted into the breaking out cylinder barrel (203); the rod cavity reset spring (204) is sleeved on the shackle cylinder piston rod (202); the rodless cavity return spring (205) is assembled in the gap between the shackle cylinder piston rod (202) and the shackle cylinder barrel (203).

6. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of waist-shaped grooves are formed in the annular supporting surface at the top of the upper flange (8), and elastic supporting blocks (208) are arranged in the waist-shaped grooves.

7. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: the rear end of a cylinder barrel of the clamping oil cylinder (102) is connected with the guide rail seat (101) by adopting a flange structure (d), the piston rod end of the clamping oil cylinder (102) is connected with an ear seat below the pulley seat (103) by adopting an ear ring pin shaft structure (e), and the clamping oil cylinder (102) is arranged in the guide rail seat (101).

8. The automatic pipe clamping and unscrewing device according to claim 1, wherein: the balancing mechanism comprises a balancing mechanism lower lug seat (303), a heavy-duty return spring (304), a balancing mechanism upper lug seat (305), a light-duty return spring (306) and a balancing mechanism vertical pin (307), wherein the balancing mechanism lower lug seat (303) is connected with the side surface of the turnbuckle clamping pulley (302); the upper lug seat (305) of the balance mechanism is arranged at the middle position of the side surface of the gear box (311); the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) penetrates through the upper lug seat (305) of the balance mechanism and the lower lug seat (303) of the balance mechanism, and two ends of the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) are locked by nuts; the heavy-duty return spring (304) is sleeved outside the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) and is arranged between the balance mechanism upper ear seat (305) and the balance mechanism lower ear seat (303); the light reset spring (306) is sleeved outside the balance mechanism vertical pin (307) and is arranged above the upper lug seat (305) of the balance mechanism.

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