CN114915867A - Communication method, optical signal switching device, and communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application discloses a communication method, an optical signal switching device, and a communication system, which belong to the field of communication. The communication system includes: N transmitters, M receivers and optical signal switching devices, the N and the M are both positive integers greater than 1; The optical signal switching device sends one channel of first optical signals; the optical signal switching device is configured to convert the N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, based on the N channels of first optical signals. An electrical signal generates a second optical signal, and broadcasts the second optical signal to the M receivers, the original data carried by the second optical signal and the original data carried by the N first optical signals The same; each of the M receivers is configured to receive the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching device, and demodulate the second optical signal. The present application can reduce the communication delay in the communication system.

Description

Communication method, optical signal switching device, communication system

technical field

The present application relates to the field of communication, and in particular, to a communication method, an optical signal switching device, and a communication system.

Background technique

Current communication systems include multiple communication nodes and multi-stage switches. For communication between any two communication nodes, the data sent by the transmitter of the source communication node needs to be transmitted to the switch of the destination communication node through at least one switch.

Among them, if the communication node and the switch are connected by optical fibers, every time the optical signal carrying data sent by the transmitter passes through a switch, the switch needs to perform a photoelectric conversion on the received optical signal, and then convert the optical signal through an electro-optical conversion. issue. However, the data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver often needs to go through a multi-hop switch, which causes a large communication delay between the communication nodes in the communication system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, an optical signal switching device, and a communication system. The communication delay in the communication system can be reduced. The technical solution is as follows:

In a first aspect, the present application provides a communication system, where the communication system may be a vehicle-mounted communication system, a data center system, an Internet of Things system or an industrial interconnection system. The communication system includes: N transmitters, M receivers and optical signal switching devices, where N and M are both positive integers greater than 1. Each of the N transmitters is used for sending a first optical signal to the optical signal switching device. The optical signal switching device is used for converting N-channel first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N-channel first electrical signals. A second optical signal is generated based on the N first electrical signals. The second optical signal is broadcast to the M receivers. The original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the N-channel first optical signals. Each of the M receivers is configured to receive the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching device, and demodulate the second optical signal.

In this embodiment of the present application, N transmitters and M receivers communicate through an optical signal switching device. The optical signal switching device is used to process the first optical signal sent by the transmitter into a second optical signal, and then broadcast it to M receivers. In this way, only one hop of the optical signal switching device is required for data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver. Therefore, the communication delay between the transmitter and the receiver is reduced.

In the embodiment of the present application, the original data from different transmitters in the original data carried by the second optical signal correspond to different electrical physical resources. The each receiver is used in the raw data carried in the second optical signal. Acquire raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver. In this way, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint communication between the transmitter and the receiver can be realized. The number of electrical physical resources supported by the communication system is greater than or equal to the number of transmitters, so as to ensure that different transmitters can be allocated to different electrical physical resources.

Wherein, in the raw data carried by the aforementioned second optical signal, the raw data from different transmitters corresponding to different electrical physical resources can be realized by establishing an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources. The process of establishing the association relationship may be performed by an optical signal switching device, or may be performed by N transmitters. The following two implementation manners are used as examples for description in this embodiment of the present application.

In the first establishment manner, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device. Centralized data processing can be achieved by centrally establishing the correlation between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources through the optical signal switching device, which is convenient for management.

In this first setup, the raw data is not associated with different electrical physical resources at the N transmitters. In this way, it can be considered that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same. Alternatively, the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are not related to electrical physical resources. Then the optical signal exchange device includes: N photoelectric conversion modules, N resource modulation modules, an optical signal generation structure and a broadcast structure. The N photoelectric conversion modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the N transmitters. The N resource modulation modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the N photoelectric conversion modules. The N photoelectric conversion modules are used to convert the first optical signal sent by the corresponding transmitter into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the corresponding resource modulation module. The N resource modulation modules are used to modulate the received first electrical signal onto the corresponding electrical physical resource, and transmit the modulated first electrical signal to the optical signal generating structure. The electrical physical resources corresponding to the modulated first electrical signals generated by different resource modulation modules are different. The optical signal generating structure is used for generating one second optical signal based on the N first electrical signals received. The broadcasting structure is used for broadcasting the second optical signal to the M receivers.

The aforementioned electrical physical resources are different from optical carriers, and the electrical physical resources may be different communication resources in different application scenarios. Correspondingly, the principle of signal transmission in the communication system is also different. This embodiment of the present application uses the following two optional examples as examples for description:

In the first example of the first establishment manner, the physical resources are frequency domain resources. The communication system communicates based on the frequency division multiple access (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA) principle.

In the first implementation manner of the first example, the N resource modulation modules are used to perform carrier modulation on the analog signal. The electrical physical resource is a radio frequency carrier, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal. The N resource modulation modules are configured to perform carrier modulation on the received first electrical signal using a corresponding radio frequency carrier to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. Any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal.

Corresponding to the first implementation manner of the first example, each receiver is further used for: converting the second optical signal into an analog signal; demodulating the analog signal by using the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver to obtain the demodulated signal. analog signal; convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal; convert the analog signal into a digital signal; and obtain a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver. The sub-carriers corresponding to the receiver correspond one-to-one with the radio frequency carriers corresponding to the receiver, and the two can be converted to each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two representations of the frequency domain resources in the digital domain and the analog domain.

In the second implementation manner of the first example, the N resource modulation modules are used to perform carrier modulation on the digital signal. The electrical physical resource is a subcarrier, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal. The N resource modulation modules are used to convert the received first electrical signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is mapped (also called loading) on the corresponding sub-carrier. The digital signal mapped on the subcarrier is then converted into an analog signal to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. The subcarriers corresponding to the N digital signals in the N resource modulation modules are different, and any two subcarriers are orthogonal.

Corresponding to the second implementation manner of the first example, each receiver is further used for: converting the second optical signal into an analog signal; demodulating the analog signal by using the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver to obtain the demodulated analog signal; convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal; convert the analog signal into a digital signal; and obtain a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver. The sub-carriers corresponding to the receiver correspond one-to-one with the radio frequency carriers corresponding to the receiver, and the two can be converted to each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two representations of the frequency domain resources in the digital domain and the analog domain.

In the second example, the electrical physical resource is a code resource. The communication system communicates based on the principle of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

In the first implementation manner of the second example, the N resource modulation modules are used to perform spread spectrum modulation on the analog signal. The electrical physical resource is a spreading code, which is an analog spreading code, such as a two-level sequence electrical signal. The first electrical signal is an analog signal, such as a voltage signal. The N resource modulation modules are used for performing spread spectrum modulation on the received first electrical signal using a corresponding spreading code to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. Any two of the spreading codes corresponding to the modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal.

Corresponding to the first implementation manner of the second example, each receiver is further used to: convert the second optical signal into an analog signal; use a spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver (ie, an analog spread spectrum code) for the analog signal. ) to demodulate to obtain a demodulated analog signal; convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and decode the digital signal by using a spread spectrum code (ie, a digital spread spectrum code) corresponding to the receiver to obtain decoded digital signal. The analog spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver is in one-to-one correspondence with the digital spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver. The two can be converted into each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two manifestations of the code resources in the digital domain and the analog domain. form.

In the second implementation manner of the second example, the N resource modulation modules are used to perform spread spectrum modulation on the digital signal. The electrical physical resource is a spreading code, which is a digital spreading code, such as a digital sequence. The first electrical signal is an analog signal. The N resource modulation modules are used to convert the received first electrical signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is encoded with a corresponding spread spectrum code to obtain a spread spectrum digital signal. The spread spectrum digital signal is then converted into an analog signal to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. The spreading codes corresponding to the N digital signals in the N resource modulation modules are different, and any two spreading codes are orthogonal.

Corresponding to the second implementation manner of the second example, each receiver is further used to: convert the second optical signal into an analog signal; use a spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver (ie, an analog spread spectrum code) for the analog signal. ) to demodulate to obtain a demodulated analog signal; convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and decode the digital signal by using a spread spectrum code (ie, a digital spread spectrum code) corresponding to the receiver to obtain decoded digital signal. The analog spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver is in one-to-one correspondence with the digital spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver. The two can be converted into each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two manifestations of the code resources in the digital domain and the analog domain. form.

In the above-mentioned first establishment manner, when the optical signal switching device uses electrical physical resources to modulate the analog signal in the analog domain, since the conversion of the analog signal to the digital signal is not required, additional processing delay is basically not caused. Therefore, compared with the modulating method in the digital domain using electrical physical resources, the delay is lower and the communication efficiency is higher.

In the second way of establishing, the relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the transmitter. In the second setup method, the original data are associated with different electrical physical resources at the N transmitters, so that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are different, and the optical signal switching device There is no need to establish an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters and different electro-physical resources. Then the optical signal exchange device includes: N photoelectric conversion modules, an optical signal generating structure and a broadcasting structure, and the N photoelectric conversion modules correspond to the N transmitters one-to-one respectively. The N photoelectric conversion modules are used to convert the received first optical signal into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the optical signal generating structure. The optical signal generating structure is used for generating one second optical signal based on the N first electrical signals received. The broadcasting structure is used for broadcasting the second optical signal to the M receivers.

In the first example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resources are frequency domain resources. The communication system communicates based on the FDMA principle. Assuming that the frequency domain resource is a subcarrier, the original data is a digital signal. The relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different subcarriers is established by the transmitters. Then each transmitter is further configured to generate the first optical signal based on the analog signal converted from the digital signal mapped on the subcarrier after the digital signal is mapped on the subcarrier corresponding to the transmitter, and the N The subcarriers corresponding to different transmitters in the transmitter are different, and any two of the subcarriers are orthogonal. Each receiver is also used to convert the second optical signal to an analog signal. The analog signal is demodulated by using a radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver to obtain a demodulated analog signal; the demodulated analog signal is converted into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal; convert the analog signal into a digital signal; and obtain a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver. The sub-carriers corresponding to the receiver correspond one-to-one with the radio frequency carriers corresponding to the receiver, and the two can be converted to each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two representations of the frequency domain resources in the digital domain and the analog domain.

In the second example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a code resource, and the transmitter and the receiver communicate based on the CDMA principle. Assuming that the code resource is a spreading code, such as a digital spreading code, the original data is a digital signal. The relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different spreading codes is established by the transmitters. Then each transmitter is also used to encode the digital signal into a spread spectrum digital signal using the spread spectrum code corresponding to the transmitter. The first optical signal is generated based on the analog signal converted from the spread spectrum digital signal. The spreading codes corresponding to the N transmitters are different, and any two of the spreading codes are orthogonal. Each receiver is also used to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal; demodulate the analog signal by using a spread spectrum code (ie, analog spread spectrum code) corresponding to the receiver to obtain a demodulated analog signal; The analog signal is then converted into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, and the analog signal into a digital signal. The digital signal is decoded by using the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver to obtain a decoded digital signal. The analog spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver is in one-to-one correspondence with the digital spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver. The two can be converted into each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two manifestations of the code resources in the digital domain and the analog domain. form.

In an optional example, the optical signal generating structure includes: an electrical coupler and an optical modulator. The electrical coupler is used to couple the N channels of first electrical signals received into at least one channel of second electrical signals. The optical modulator is configured to perform modulation based on the at least one second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal.

Optionally, the photoelectric conversion module includes: a photodetector and an amplifier. The photodetector is used to convert the received first optical signal into a third electrical signal, and transmit the third electrical signal to the amplifier. The amplifier is used for amplifying the third electrical signal to obtain the first electrical signal. By setting this amplifier, insertion loss compensation can be achieved. For example, the amplifier is a Trans-Impedance Amplifier (TIA). When the optical signal switching device supports the direct reception of optical signals, the light detector may be a photodiode detector or an avalanche photodiode detector or the like. When the optical signal switching device supports coherent reception of optical signals, the optical detector may be a coherent receiver.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an optical signal switching device. The optical signal switching device includes a conversion structure, an optical signal generating structure and a broadcasting structure. The conversion structure is used to convert N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The optical signal generating structure is used for generating one second optical signal based on the N first electrical signals received. The original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal. The broadcasting structure is used for broadcasting the second optical signal to M receivers. The M is a positive integer greater than 1.

In the embodiment of this application, N transmitters and M receivers communicate through an optical signal switching device, and the optical signal switching device is used to process the first optical signal sent by the transmitter into a second optical signal, and then broadcast it to M receiver. In this way, only one hop of the optical signal switching device is required for data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver. Therefore, the communication delay between the transmitter and the receiver is reduced.

Wherein, in the raw data carried by the aforementioned second optical signal, the raw data from different transmitters corresponding to different electrical physical resources can be realized by establishing an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources. The process of establishing the association relationship may be performed by an optical signal switching device, or may be performed by N transmitters. The following two implementation manners are used as examples for description in this embodiment of the present application.

In the first setup manner, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same. The conversion structure includes: N photoelectric conversion modules and N resource modulation modules. The N photoelectric conversion modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the N transmitters. The N resource modulation modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the N photoelectric conversion modules. The N photoelectric conversion modules are used to convert the first optical signal sent by the corresponding transmitter into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the corresponding resource modulation module. The N resource modulation modules are used to modulate the received first electrical signal onto the corresponding electrical physical resource, and transmit the modulated first electrical signal to the optical signal generating structure. The electrical physical resources corresponding to the modulated first electrical signals generated by different resource modulation modules are different.

In the second setup manner, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are different. The conversion structure includes: N photoelectric conversion modules. The N photoelectric conversion modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the N transmitters. The N photoelectric conversion modules are used to convert the received first optical signal into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the optical signal generating structure.

Optionally, electrical couplers and optical modulators. The electrical coupler is used to couple the N channels of first electrical signals received into at least one channel of second electrical signals. The optical modulator is configured to perform modulation based on the at least one second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal.

Illustratively, the photoelectric conversion module includes: a photodetector and an amplifier. The photodetector is used to convert the received first optical signal into a third electrical signal, and transmit the third electrical signal to the amplifier. The amplifier is used for amplifying the third electrical signal to obtain the first electrical signal. For example, the light detector is a photodiode detector or an avalanche photodiode detector. And/or, the amplifier is a TIA.

For the structure and effect of the optical signal switching device provided by the second aspect, reference may be made to the relevant content in the foregoing first aspect.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication method, including: each of the N transmitters sends a first optical signal to an optical signal switching apparatus, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The optical signal switching device converts N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, generates one channel of second optical signals based on the N channels of first electrical signals, and broadcasts the second optical signals When sent to the M receivers, the original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal, and M is a positive integer greater than 1. Each of the M receivers receives the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching device, and demodulates the second optical signal.

In the embodiment of the present application, the original data from different transmitters in the original data carried by the second optical signal correspond to different electrical physical resources. In this way, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint communication between the transmitter and the receiver can be realized. Correspondingly, the process of demodulating the second optical signal includes: each receiver obtains, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver.

Wherein, in the raw data carried by the aforementioned second optical signal, the raw data from different transmitters corresponding to different electrical physical resources can be realized by establishing an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources. The process of establishing the association relationship may be performed by an optical signal switching device, or may be performed by N transmitters. The following two implementation manners are used as examples for description in this embodiment of the present application.

In the first establishment manner, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device. In the first setup manner, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same. The process that the optical signal switching device converts N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals includes: for each channel of the first electrical signals in the N channels of first electrical signals, converting The first electrical signal is modulated on a corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. The electrical physical resources corresponding to different modulated first electrical signals are different.

In the first example of the first establishment manner, the physical resources are frequency domain resources. The communication system communicates based on the FDMA principle.

In a first implementation manner of the first example, the optical signal switching device is used to perform carrier modulation on an analog signal. The electrical physical resource is a radio frequency carrier, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, and the process of modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain the modulated first electrical signal includes: the optical signal exchange The device performs carrier modulation on the first electrical signal using a corresponding radio frequency carrier to obtain a modulated first electrical signal, and any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal.

In a second implementation manner of the first example, the optical signal switching device is used to perform carrier modulation on a digital signal. The electrical physical resource is a subcarrier, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal. The process of modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain the modulated first electrical signal includes: the optical signal switching device converts the received first electrical signal into a digital signal, and the digital signal Mapping (also called loading) on the corresponding sub-carrier, and then converting the digital signal mapped on the sub-carrier into an analog signal to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. Any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal.

Corresponding to the two implementation manners in the foregoing first example, the process of acquiring the raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the raw data carried by the second optical signal by each receiver includes: : Corresponding to the first implementation of the first example, each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal; the analog signal is demodulated by using a radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver to obtain a demodulated analog signal ; Convert the demodulated analog signal to a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal; converts the analog signal into a digital signal; and obtains a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver. The sub-carriers corresponding to the receiver correspond one-to-one with the radio frequency carriers corresponding to the receiver, and the two can be converted to each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two representations of the frequency domain resources in the digital domain and the analog domain.

In the second example, the electrical physical resource is a code resource. The communication system communicates based on the CDMA principle.

In a first implementation manner of the second example, the optical signal switching device is used to perform spread spectrum modulation on an analog signal. The electrical physical resource is a spreading code, which is an analog spreading code. The first electrical signal is an analog signal. The process of modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain the modulated first electrical signal includes: the optical signal switching device performs spread spectrum modulation on the first electrical signal using a corresponding spreading code , the modulated first electrical signal is obtained. Any two of the spreading codes corresponding to the N modulated first electrical signals are orthogonal.

In a second implementation manner of the second example, the optical signal switching device is used to perform spread spectrum modulation on a digital signal. The electrical physical resource is a spreading code, which is a digital spreading code. The first electrical signal is an analog signal. The process of modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain the modulated first electrical signal includes: the optical signal exchange device converts the received first electrical signal into a digital signal, and uses a corresponding expansion The frequency code encodes the digital signal to obtain a spread spectrum digital signal, and then converts the spread spectrum digital signal into an analog signal to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. Any two of the spreading codes corresponding to the N modulated first electrical signals are orthogonal.

Corresponding to the two implementation manners in the foregoing first example, the process of acquiring the raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the raw data carried by the second optical signal by each receiver includes: : Each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal; demodulates the analog signal with the spread spectrum code (ie, analog spread spectrum code) corresponding to the receiver to obtain a demodulated analog signal; demodulates the analog signal after demodulation The signal is converted to a digital signal. Or, each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal; converts the analog signal into a digital signal; decodes the digital signal by using a spread spectrum code (ie, a digital spread spectrum code) corresponding to the receiver to obtain the decoded signal digital signal. The analog spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver is in one-to-one correspondence with the digital spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver. The two can be converted into each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two manifestations of the code resources in the digital domain and the analog domain. form.

In the second way of establishing, the relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the transmitter. In this second setup, the raw data is associated with different electro-physical resources at the N transmitters. In this way, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are different, and the optical signal switching device does not need to establish an association relationship between the original data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources.

In the first example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resources are frequency domain resources. The communication system communicates based on the FDMA principle. Assuming that the frequency domain resource is a subcarrier, the original data is a digital signal. Then each transmitter generates the first optical signal in the following manner: after each transmitter maps the digital signal on the sub-carrier corresponding to the transmitter, based on the analog signal converted from the digital signal mapped on the sub-carrier The first optical signal is generated. Subcarriers corresponding to different transmitters among the N transmitters are different, and any two of the subcarriers are orthogonal.

Correspondingly, the process that each receiver obtains the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the original data carried by the second optical signal includes: each receiver converts the second optical signal into Analog signal; demodulate the analog signal by using the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver to obtain a demodulated analog signal; convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal; converts the analog signal into a digital signal; and acquires a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver. The sub-carriers corresponding to the receiver correspond one-to-one with the radio frequency carriers corresponding to the receiver, and the two can be converted to each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two representations of the frequency domain resources in the digital domain and the analog domain.

In the second example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a code resource, and the transmitter and the receiver communicate based on the CDMA principle. Assuming that the code resource is a spreading code, such as a digital spreading code, the original data is a digital signal. Then each transmitter generates the first optical signal in the following manner: each transmitter encodes the digital signal into a spread-spectrum digital signal using a spread-spectrum code corresponding to the transmitter. The first optical signal is generated based on the analog signal converted from the spread spectrum digital signal. The spreading codes corresponding to the N transmitters are different, and any two of the spreading codes are orthogonal.

Correspondingly, the process that each receiver obtains the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the original data carried by the second optical signal includes: each receiver converts the second optical signal into Analog signal; demodulate the analog signal with the corresponding spread spectrum code (ie, analog spread spectrum code) of the receiver to obtain a demodulated analog signal; convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal. Alternatively, each receiver converts the second optical signal to an analog signal. Convert this analog signal to a digital signal. The digital signal is decoded by using the spread spectrum code (ie, digital spread spectrum code) corresponding to the receiver to obtain the decoded digital signal. The analog spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver is in one-to-one correspondence with the digital spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver. The two can be converted into each other in the digital domain and the analog domain, and they are two manifestations of the code resources in the digital domain and the analog domain. form.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a communication method. The communication method includes: converting N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals. The N is a positive integer greater than 1. A second optical signal is generated based on the N first electrical signals. The original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal. The second electrical signal is converted into a second optical signal. The second optical signal is broadcast to M receivers. The M is a positive integer greater than 1.

For example, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals sent by the N transmitters are the same. The process of converting N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals includes: for each channel of the first electrical signals in the N channels of first electrical signals. The first electrical signal is modulated on a corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. The electrical physical resources corresponding to different modulated first electrical signals are different.

In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus may include at least one module, and the at least one module may be used to implement the communication method provided by the third aspect or various possible implementations of the third aspect.

In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a communication apparatus. The communication apparatus may include at least one module, and the at least one module may be used to implement the communication method provided by the fourth aspect or various possible implementations of the fourth aspect. For example, the communication device includes: a photoelectric conversion module for converting N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. The generating module is configured to generate a second optical signal based on the N first electrical signals, and the original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal. The electrical-optical conversion module is used for converting the second electrical signal into a second optical signal. The broadcasting module is used for broadcasting the second optical signal to M receivers, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

In the embodiment of the present application, in the original data carried by the second optical signal, original data from different transmitters correspond to different electrical physical resources, and each receiver is used to, in the original data carried by the second optical signal, Acquire raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver. In this way, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint communication between the transmitter and the receiver can be realized. The number of electrical physical resources supported by the communication system is greater than or equal to the number of transmitters, so as to ensure that different transmitters can be allocated to different electrical physical resources.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic optical signal switching device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

5 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

6 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic optical signal switching device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

8 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

9 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal generation structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic photoelectric conversion module provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal switching device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical signal switching device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical signal switching device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

16 is a flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to make the principles and technical solutions of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , the communication system 10 includes: N transmitters 101 , M receivers 102 and an optical signal switching device 103 . Both the N and the M are positive integers greater than 1. The number of transmitters and the number of receivers may or may not be equal.

Each of the N transmitters 101 is configured to send a first optical signal to the optical signal switching device 103 . The optical signal switching device 103 is used for converting (also referred to as converting) the N-channel first optical signals sent by the N transmitters 101 into N-channel first electrical signals. A second optical signal is generated based on the N first electrical signals. The second optical signal is broadcast to the M receivers 102 . Each of the M receivers 102 is configured to receive the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching device 103 and demodulate the second optical signal.

The original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the N-channel first optical signals. The original data carried by any optical signal is the data modulated on the optical signal, eg, the bit information carried on the optical signal. The original data carried by the first optical signal and the second optical signal come from the signal source of the transmitter. The signal source can output an electrical signal, and the electrical signal can be an analog signal or a digital signal.

In the embodiment of this application, N transmitters and M receivers communicate through an optical signal switching device, and the optical signal switching device is used to process the first optical signal sent by the transmitter into a second optical signal, and then broadcast it to M receiver. In this way, only one hop of the optical signal switching device is required for data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver, thus reducing the communication delay between the transmitter and the receiver.

It should be noted that the aforementioned modulation refers to the process in which the transmitting end outputs an optical signal based on the electrical signal; correspondingly, the demodulation refers to the process in which the receiving end restores the optical signal to an electrical signal. The aforementioned light source may be a laser light source or other light sources. In a communication system, usually a modulation process is required for each electro-optical conversion, and a demodulation process is required for each photoelectric conversion. For example, the aforementioned first optical signal is obtained by the transmitter acting as the transmitting end through signal modulation. Correspondingly, the optical signal switching device serves as the receiving end to demodulate the first optical signal to obtain the first electrical signal. The second optical signal is obtained through signal modulation by the optical signal switching device as the transmitting end. Correspondingly, the receiver acts as a receiving end to demodulate the second optical signal to obtain the required electrical signal.

The communication system of the embodiment of the present application includes two sub-communication systems, namely a first sub-communication system composed of N transmitters and a receiving end of an optical signal switching device, and a first sub-communication system composed of a transmitting end of the optical signal switching device and M receivers. Two-child communication system. In different application scenarios, the modulation mechanism of the transmitter is different and the demodulation mechanism of the receiver is different. Correspondingly, each of the foregoing two sub-communication systems is a different type of sub-communication system. The embodiments of the present application take the following two types of sub-communication systems as examples for description:

In the first type, the sub-communication system can be a direct adjustment and direct inspection system. The direct modulation and direct detection system is also called the intensity modulation and direct detection (Intensity Modulation Direct Detection, IM/DD) system.

In the direct adjustment and direct detection system, the transmitting end is used to modulate the intensity of the optical signal (ie, perform intensity modulation on the optical signal) to obtain the modulated optical signal. The receiving end is used to directly detect the received optical signal by using a photodetector. The photodetector can be a photodiode detector (Photodiode Detector, PD), or an avalanche photodiode detector (Avalanche Photodiode Detectors, APD).

In the second type, the sub-communication system is a coherent communication system. For example, the coherent communication system may be a polarization multiplexing coherent system. For example, Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM)-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) system.

In a coherent communication system, the transmitting end is used to perform modulation with an optical signal to obtain a modulated optical signal. For example, the intensity of the optical signal is directly modulated to obtain a modulated optical signal. Alternatively, a modulated optical signal is obtained by coherently modulating the optical signal. Illustratively, the coherent modulation is QPSK modulation. The receiving end is used for coherently receiving the received optical signal by using the optical signal, and demodulating the received optical signal. The coherent receiving process may include: after coherently coupling the received optical signal with a local oscillator (Local Oscillator) optical signal, using a coherent receiver (also called a balanced receiver) to detect the coupled optical signal, and obtaining detected light signal.

As mentioned above, no matter whether the first sub-communication system is a direct modulation and direct detection system or a coherent communication system, in the first sub-communication system, each transmitter 101 needs to use an optical signal to modulate to obtain the first optical signal. In an optional example, the communication system includes N light sources corresponding to the N transmitters 101 one-to-one, and each light source is configured to provide an optical signal to the corresponding transmitter 101 for the transmitter 101 to use the light source The signal is modulated. In another optional example, as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication system 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication system 10 further includes a first light source pool 104 shared by the N transmitters 101 . Each of the transmitters 101 is used for modulating the optical signal provided by the first light source pool 104 to obtain the first optical signal. Exemplarily, each transmitter 101 is respectively connected to the first light source pool through an optical fiber, and receives the optical signal transmitted by the first light source pool through the optical fiber. Because the manufacturing cost of a single light source is high, and it is easy to be damaged. By sharing the first light source pool, the present application can realize centralized management and maintenance of the light source, facilitate timely fault diagnosis when the light source fails, reduce the use and maintenance cost of the light source, and improve the safety and reliability of the light source. Moreover, the first light source pool may include one or more light sources, and the light sources included in the first light source pool may be integrally packaged. For example, it is packaged into an optical chip or optical module that can send out one or more optical signals. In this way, the manufacturing cost can be saved. Further, if the number of light sources included in the first light source pool is less than N, compared with the case where one light source is provided for each transmitter 101, the number of light sources used by the transmitter 101 in the communication system can be reduced, and the use cost can be saved.

When the second sub-communication system is a coherent communication system, each receiver 102 needs to use an optical signal to demodulate the second optical signal. For example, the optical signal is used to coherently receive the second optical signal, and the received second optical signal is demodulated. In an optional example, the communication system includes M light sources corresponding to the M receivers 102 one-to-one. Each light source is configured to provide an optical signal to the corresponding receiver 102 for the receiver 102 to use the optical signal to demodulate the second optical signal. In another optional example, as shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another communication system 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication system further includes a second light source pool 105 shared by the M receivers 102 . Each receiver 102 is configured to perform signal demodulation on the second optical signal using the optical signal provided by the second light source pool 105 . Illustratively, each receiver 102 is respectively connected to the second light source pool through an optical fiber. The optical signal transmitted by the second light source pool is received through the optical fiber. Refer to the effect of the aforementioned first light source pool. In the present application, by sharing the second light source pool, centralized management and maintenance of the light source can be realized, which facilitates timely fault diagnosis when the light source fails. Reduce the use and maintenance costs of light sources, and improve the safety and reliability of light sources. Moreover, the second light source pool may include one or more light sources, and the light sources included in the second light source pool may be integrally packaged. For example, it is packaged into an optical chip or optical module that can send out one or more optical signals. In this way, the manufacturing cost can be saved. Further, if the number of light sources included in the second light source pool is less than M, compared to the case where one light source is provided for each receiver 102, the number of light sources used by the receiver 102 in the communication system can be reduced, thereby saving usage costs.

The types of light sources in the aforementioned first light source pool may be the same or different. The types of light sources in the aforementioned second light source pool may be the same or different. If the light sources in the light source pools are of the same type, the management of the light sources can be further facilitated. In addition, in the coherent communication system, if the first light source pool 104 shared by N transmitters and the second light source pool 105 shared by M receivers, the first light source pool 104 and the second light source pool 105 can also be integrated into the same Light pool. This can further save the use and maintenance costs.

In the communication system provided by the embodiment of the present application, in the original data carried by the second optical signal, the original data from different transmitters 101 correspond to different electrical physical resources. Each receiver 102 is configured to acquire, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver 102 . In this way, point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint communication between the transmitter and the receiver can be realized. The number of electrical physical resources supported by the communication system is greater than or equal to the number of transmitters, so as to ensure that different transmitters can be allocated to different electrical physical resources.

Among the raw data carried by the aforementioned second optical signal, raw data from different transmitters 101 corresponding to different electrical physical resources can be realized by establishing an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources. The process of establishing the association relationship may be performed by the optical signal switching device 103 , or may be performed by the N transmitters 101 . The embodiments of the present application take the following two establishment manners as examples for description.

In the first establishment manner, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device 103 . In this first setup, the N transmitters 101 do not associate raw data with different electrical physical resources. In this way, it can be considered that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters 101 are the same. Alternatively, the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters 101 are not related to electrical physical resources. Centralized data processing can be achieved by centrally establishing the correlation between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources through the optical signal switching device, which is convenient for management.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the optical signal switching device 103 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4 , the optical signal switching device 103 includes: N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 , N resource modulation modules 1032 , an optical signal generating structure 1033 and a broadcasting structure 1034 . The N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 are in one-to-one correspondence with the N transmitters 101 respectively. The N resource modulation modules 1032 are in one-to-one correspondence with the N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 respectively. FIG. 4 takes N=3 as an example for description, but the number of N is not limited.

The N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 are configured to convert the first optical signal sent by the corresponding transmitter 101 into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the corresponding resource modulation module 1032 . For example, each photoelectric conversion module 1031 may receive the first optical signal by means of direct reception or coherent reception, and convert it into a first electrical signal. The N resource modulation modules 1032 are configured to modulate the received first electrical signal onto the corresponding electrical physical resource, and transmit the modulated first electrical signal to the optical signal generation structure 1033 . The electrical physical resources corresponding to the modulated first electrical signals generated by different resource modulation modules 1032 are different. Since the first electrical signals sent by different transmitters 101 all carry original data, the N resource modulation modules 1032 modulate the received first electrical signals onto corresponding electrical physical resources. The association of raw data of different transmitters 101 with different electrophysical resources can be achieved. The optical signal generating structure 1033 is configured to generate one channel of the second optical signal based on the received N channels of the first electrical signals (ie, the aforementioned N channels of modulated first electrical signals). The broadcast structure 1034 is used to broadcast the second optical signal to the M receivers 102 .

The aforementioned resource modulation module 1032 may determine the electrical physical resource corresponding to the first electrical signal in various ways. For example, each resource modulation module 1032 is pre-configured with its own corresponding electrical physical resource. When receiving the first electrical signal, use the electrical physical resource corresponding to itself as the electrical physical resource corresponding to the first electrical signal. For another example, each resource modulation module 1032 is preconfigured with a first correspondence between transmitters and electrical physical resources. When the first electrical signal is received, the first correspondence is inquired to obtain the electrical physical resource corresponding to the transmitter sending the first electrical signal, and the electrical physical resource obtained by the inquiry is determined as the electrical physical resource corresponding to the first electrical signal resource. For another example, the first optical signal sent by each transmitter also carries address data. The address data includes the destination address added on the basis of the original data. Correspondingly, after receiving the first electrical signal, each resource modulation module parses the address data carried by the first electrical signal, and based on the correspondence between the address indicated by the address data and the electrical physical resource, the electrical physical resource obtained by the query is queried. as the electrical physical resource corresponding to the first electrical signal.

The aforementioned electrical physical resources are different from optical carriers, and the electrical physical resources may be different communication resources in different application scenarios. Correspondingly, the principle of signal transmission in the communication system is also different. This embodiment of the present application uses the following two optional examples as examples for description:

In the first example of the first establishment manner, the electrical physical resources are frequency domain resources. The communication system communicates based on the frequency division multiple access (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA) principle.

In the first implementation manner of the first example, the N resource modulation modules 1032 are used to perform carrier modulation on the analog signal. The electrical physical resource is a radio frequency (Radio Frequency, RF) carrier, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal, such as a voltage signal. The N resource modulation modules 1032 are configured to perform carrier modulation on the received first electrical signal using a corresponding radio frequency carrier to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. For example, the N resource modulation modules 1032 are used to modulate the radio frequency carriers of the N first electrical signals to be single-frequency signals of different frequencies. In this way, any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules 1032 are realized to be orthogonal. It should be noted that, in the analog domain, using the corresponding radio frequency carrier to perform carrier modulation on the analog signal refers to modulating the amplitude or intensity of the radio frequency carrier based on the analog signal.

Then, corresponding to the first implementation manner of the first example, each receiver 102 is further configured to perform the following steps:

A1. Receive a second optical signal, and convert the received second optical signal into an analog signal.

For example, each receiver 102 may receive the second optical signal by means of direct reception or coherent reception. Refer to the actions of the N resource modulation modules 1032 in the first implementation manner of the foregoing first example. Since on the side of the optical signal switching device, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, and the second optical signal is obtained based on the first electrical signal modulated by N channels, the analog signal obtained by the receiver converting the received second optical signal includes: The N-channel modulated first electrical signal.

A2. Use the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver to demodulate the analog signal to obtain a demodulated analog signal.

Since the analog signal includes the N modulated first electrical signals, the receiver can use the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver 102 to perform demodulation to obtain the demodulated analog signal. The demodulated analog signal includes one or more analog signals that can be demodulated by the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver.

A3. Convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal.

For example, each receiver may obtain a digital signal by performing analog-to-digital conversion (Analogto Digital Conversion, ADC) sampling or clock data recovery (clock data recovery, CDR) sampling on the demodulated analog signal.

In the second implementation manner of the first example, the N resource modulation modules 1032 are used to perform carrier modulation on the digital signal. The electrical physical resource is a subcarrier, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal. The N resource modulation modules 1032 are configured to convert the received first electrical signal into a digital signal, map (also referred to as loading) the digital signal on the corresponding subcarrier, and then convert the digital signal mapped on the subcarrier into a digital signal. analog signal to obtain the modulated first electrical signal. The aforementioned process of converting the received first electrical signal into a digital signal may include: obtaining a digital signal by performing ADC sampling on the received first electrical signal; or obtaining a digital signal by performing CDR sampling on the received first electrical signal .

For example, the subcarriers corresponding to the N digital signals in the N resource modulation modules 1032 are different, and any two subcarriers are orthogonal. In this way, any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules 1032 are realized to be orthogonal. It should be noted that, in the digital domain, mapping the digital signal on the corresponding subcarrier refers to multiplying the digital signal by the subcarrier, and this process is called carrier modulation.

Then, corresponding to the second implementation manner of the first example, each receiver 102 is further configured to perform the following steps:

B1. Receive a second optical signal, and convert the received second optical signal into an analog signal.

For example, each receiver 102 may receive the second optical signal by means of direct reception or coherent reception.

B2. Convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

For example, each receiver can obtain a digital signal by ADC sampling or CDR sampling of an analog signal. Referring to the actions of the N resource modulation modules 1032 in the second implementation manner of the foregoing first example, the second optical signal is modulated based on the analog signal converted from the N channels of digital signals mapped on the subcarriers, so the conversion The obtained digital signal includes N channels of digital signals mapped on subcarriers.

B3. Acquire the digital signal on the sub-carrier corresponding to the receiver in the converted digital signal.

Referring to B2, the process of each receiver acquiring the digital signal on the corresponding subcarrier includes: selecting one or more digital signals corresponding to itself from the N digital signals mapped on the subcarrier (that is, the subcarrier corresponding to itself). on the mapped digital signal). Since the analog signal and the digital signal are actually different representations of the original data, the receiver can convert the obtained digital signal to obtain the analog signal as the original data to be obtained according to its own needs, or it can no longer process the digital signal. The obtained digital signal is directly used as the raw data to be acquired.

In the first implementation manner of the foregoing first example, the optical signal switching device performs carrier modulation on the first electrical signal in the form of an analog signal in the analog domain, and the receiver demodulates the analog signal in the analog domain as an example for description. In the second implementation manner of the aforementioned first example, the optical signal switching device performs carrier modulation on the first electrical signal in the form of a digital signal in the digital domain, and the receiver demodulates the digital signal in the digital domain. illustrate. In the two optional implementation manners, the actual processing result of the optical signal switching device on the first electrical signal carrying the same original data is the same, that is, whether the carrier modulation is performed in the analog domain or the carrier modulation is performed in the digital domain, the N resources If the modulated first electrical signals output by the modulation module 1032 are the same, the second optical signals generated subsequently are also the same. Correspondingly, after the M receivers convert the received second electrical signal into an analog signal, whether demodulation is performed in the analog domain or the demodulation is performed in the digital domain, the digital signal finally obtained is the same. That is, corresponding to the two optional implementation manners of the foregoing first example, the M receivers may execute the foregoing steps A1 to A3, or may execute the foregoing steps B1 to B3, and the digital signals obtained by final processing are the same. Wherein, for the same receiver, the radio frequency carrier corresponding to the receiver in step A2 and the subcarrier corresponding to the receiver in step B3 may be converted in a one-to-one correspondence.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 5 assumes that N=3 and M=3, wherein the three transmitters are transmitters 1011 to 1013 respectively, and the three receivers are transmitters 1021 to 1023 respectively. In Figure 5, in the analog domain, each trapezoid on the horizontal line represents a radio frequency carrier, and the shaded trapezoid on the horizontal line represents an analog signal modulated by a radio frequency carrier, indicating that the radio frequency carrier of this frequency is occupied; blank The trapezoid represents an unoccupied radio frequency carrier, that is, an idle radio frequency carrier. In the digital domain, each trapezoid on the horizontal line represents a sub-carrier, and the shaded trapezoid on the horizontal line represents the sub-carrier to which the digital signal is mapped, indicating that the sub-carrier is occupied. A blank trapezoid represents a subcarrier that is not mapped with a digital signal, indicating that the subcarrier is not occupied, that is, the subcarrier is an idle subcarrier. Fig. 5 is illustrated below by taking the optical signal switching device performing carrier modulation in the analog domain, and the receiver performing digital signal demodulation in the digital domain (that is, performing the aforementioned steps B1 to B3) as an example. Fig. 5 schematically shows four The radio frequency carriers with different frequencies are respectively radio frequency carriers a, b, c and d. Assume that the raw data x1, x2 and x3 from transmitters 1011 to 1013 correspond to radio frequency carriers a, b and c, respectively, and receivers 1021 to 1023 correspond to radio frequency carriers a, b and c, respectively. Take the optical signal switching device 103 processing the original data x1 from the transmitter 1011 as an example. 4 , in the optical signal switching device 103, the photoelectric conversion module 1031 corresponding to the transmitter 1011 converts the first optical signal carrying the original data x1 sent by the transmitter 1011 into a first electrical signal, and converts the first optical signal carrying the original data x1 sent by the transmitter 1011 into a first electrical signal, An electrical signal is transmitted to the corresponding resource modulation module 1032 ; the resource modulation module 1032 modulates the received first electrical signal with radio frequency carrier a, and transmits the modulated first electrical signal to the optical signal generation structure 1033 . The raw data x2 and x3 from transmitters 1012 and 1013 are processed in the same way. Finally, the modulated first electrical signals output by the resource modulation modules 1032 corresponding to the transmitters 1011 to 1013 are modulated on the radio frequency carriers a, b and c, respectively, and carry three channels of original data x1, x2 and x3 respectively first electrical signal. The optical signal generating structure 1033 is used to generate a second optical signal based on the received three modulated first electrical signals, where the second optical signal includes the original data x1, x2 and x3. The broadcast structure 1034 is used to broadcast the second optical signal to the three receivers 102 . The each receiver 102 converts the second optical signal into an analog signal comprising the aforementioned original data x1, x2 and x3 in the form of analog signals modulated on radio frequency carriers a, b and c; After the signal is converted into a digital signal, the original data x1, x2, and x3 in the form of digital signals that are mapped on the sub-carriers corresponding to the radio frequency carriers a, b, and c, respectively, will be obtained. Then, the receivers 1021 to 1023 respectively acquire the original data x1, x2, and x3 in the form of digital signals on the sub-carriers corresponding to the radio frequency carriers a, b, and c. Through the above process, point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1011 and the receiver 1021, point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1012 and the receiver 1022, and between the transmitter 1013 and the receiver 1023 are realized. point-to-point data transfer.

In the second example of the first establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a code resource. The communication system communicates based on the principle of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

In the first implementation manner of the second example, the N resource modulation modules 1032 are used to perform spread spectrum modulation on the analog signal. The electrical physical resource is a spreading code, which is an analog spreading code, such as a two-level sequence electrical signal. The first electrical signal is an analog signal, such as a voltage signal. The N resource modulation modules 1032 are configured to perform spread spectrum modulation on the received first electrical signal using a corresponding spreading code to obtain a modulated first electrical signal. Any two of the spreading codes corresponding to the modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal.

Then, corresponding to the first implementation manner of the second example, each receiver 102 is further configured to perform the following steps:

C1. Receive a second optical signal, and convert the received second optical signal into an analog signal.

For example, each receiver 102 may receive the second optical signal by means of direct reception or coherent reception. Refer to the actions of the N resource modulation modules 1032 in the first implementation manner of the foregoing second example. Since on the side of the optical signal switching device, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, and the second optical signal is obtained based on the first electrical signal modulated by N channels, the analog signal obtained by the receiver converting the received second optical signal includes: The N-channel modulated first electrical signal.

C2. Use the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver to demodulate the analog signal to obtain a demodulated analog signal.

Since the analog signal includes the N modulated first electrical signals, the receiver can use the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver 102 to perform demodulation to obtain the demodulated analog signal. The demodulated analog signal includes one or more analog signals that can be demodulated by the corresponding spreading code of the receiver. The spreading code is an analog spreading code.

C3. Convert the demodulated analog signal into a digital signal.

For step C3, reference may be made to the foregoing step A3, which is not repeated in this embodiment of the present application.

In the second implementation manner of the second example, the N resource modulation modules 1032 are used to perform spread spectrum modulation on the digital signal. The electrical physical resource is a spreading code, which is a digital spreading code, such as a digital sequence. The first electrical signal is an analog signal. The N resource modulation modules 1032 are configured to convert the received first electrical signal into a digital signal, encode the digital signal with a corresponding spread spectrum code to obtain a spread spectrum digital signal, and then convert the spread spectrum digital signal into an analog signal to obtain a modulation after the first electrical signal. For example, the spreading codes corresponding to the N digital signals in the N resource modulation modules 1032 are different, and any two spreading codes are orthogonal. In this way, any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules 1032 are realized to be orthogonal. It should be noted that, in the digital domain, the process of using a spreading code to encode a digital signal is called spread spectrum modulation. Wherein, the aforementioned process of converting the received first electrical signal into a digital signal may include: obtaining a digital signal by performing analog-to-digital conversion ADC sampling on the received first electrical signal; or, performing CDR on the received first electrical signal Sampling to obtain a digital signal.

Corresponding to the second implementation manner of the foregoing second example, each receiver 102 is further configured to perform the following steps:

D1. Receive a second optical signal, and convert the received second optical signal into an analog signal.

For example, each receiver 102 may receive the second optical signal by means of direct reception or coherent reception.

D2. Convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

For example, each receiver can obtain a digital signal by ADC sampling or CDR sampling of an analog signal. Referring to the actions of the N resource modulation modules 1032 in the second implementation manner of the foregoing second example, the second optical signal is modulated based on the analog signal converted from the N channels of spread spectrum digital signals, so the converted digital signal Including N channels of spread spectrum digital signals.

D3. Decode the digital signal by using the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver to obtain a decoded digital signal.

Referring to D2, the process of the receiver 102 decoding the digital signal based on the corresponding spreading code to obtain the decoded digital signal includes: decoding the N channels of the spreading digital signal based on the corresponding spreading code. Since different spread spectrum codes are mutually orthogonal, the digital signal that can be decoded by the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver 102 is a spread spectrum digital signal encoded by the optical signal switching apparatus using the same spread spectrum code in the digital domain. Since the analog signal and the digital signal are actually different representations of the original data, the receiver can convert the obtained digital signal to obtain the analog signal as the original data to be obtained according to its own needs, or it can no longer perform any further processing on the obtained digital signal. processing, and directly use the digital signal as the raw data to be acquired.

In the first implementation manner of the foregoing second example, the optical signal switching device performs spread spectrum modulation on the first electrical signal in the form of an analog signal in the analog domain, and the receiver demodulates the analog signal in the analog domain. Explanation: In the second implementation manner of the foregoing first example, the optical signal switching device performs spread spectrum modulation on the first electrical signal in the form of a digital signal in the digital domain, and the receiver demodulates the digital signal in the digital domain as example to illustrate. In the two optional implementation manners, the actual processing result of the optical signal switching device on the first electrical signal carrying the same original data is the same, that is, whether the carrier modulation is performed in the analog domain or the spread spectrum modulation is performed in the digital domain, N If the modulated first electrical signals output by the resource modulation module 1032 are the same, the second optical signals generated subsequently are also the same. Correspondingly, after the M receivers convert the received second electrical signal into an analog signal, whether demodulation is performed in the analog domain or the demodulation is performed in the digital domain, the digital signal finally obtained is the same. That is, corresponding to the two optional implementation manners of the foregoing first example, the M receivers may execute the foregoing steps C1 to C3, or may execute the foregoing steps D1 to D3, and the digital signals obtained by final processing are the same. Wherein, for the same receiver, the analog spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver in step C2 and the digital spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver in step D3 can be converted in a one-to-one correspondence.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 6 assumes that N=3 and M=4, wherein the three transmitters are transmitters 1011 to 1013 respectively, and the four receivers are transmitters 1021 to 1024 respectively. FIG. 6 is described below by taking the optical signal switching device performing spread spectrum modulation in the analog domain, and the receiver performing digital signal demodulation in the digital domain (ie, performing the aforementioned steps C1 to C3 ) as an example. In Fig. 6, it is assumed that the original data x1, x2 and x3 from the transmitters 1011 to 1013 correspond to the analog spreading codes e, f and g, respectively, the receivers 1021 and 1022 correspond to the analog spreading codes e and f, respectively, and the receiver Both 1023 and 1024 correspond to the analog spreading code g. Take the optical signal switching device 103 processing the original data x1 from the transmitter 1011 as an example. 4 , in the optical signal switching device 103, the photoelectric conversion module 1031 corresponding to the transmitter 1011 converts the first optical signal carrying the original data x1 sent by the transmitter 1011 into a first electrical signal, and converts the first optical signal carrying the original data x1 sent by the transmitter 1011 into a first electrical signal, An electrical signal is transmitted to the corresponding resource modulation module 1032 ; the resource modulation module 1032 modulates the received first electrical signal with an analog spread spectrum code e, and transmits the modulated first electrical signal to the optical signal generation structure 1033 . The raw data x2 and x3 from transmitters 1012 and 1013 are processed in the same way. Finally, the modulated first electrical signals output by the resource modulation modules 1032 corresponding to the transmitters 1011 to 1013 are respectively: modulated by the analog spreading codes e, f and g, and carry the original data x1, x2 and x3 respectively Three modulated first electrical signals x1e, x2f and x3g. The optical signal generating structure 1033 is configured to generate a second optical signal based on the received three modulated first electrical signals, where the second optical signal includes the modulated first electrical signals x1e, x2f and x3g respectively. The broadcast structure 1034 is used to broadcast the second optical signal to the four receivers 102 . Each receiver 102 converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, the analog signal includes the aforementioned modulated first electrical signals x1e, x2f and x3g; the receiver converts the analog signal into a digital signal, the digital signal includes Three channels of spread spectrum digital signals corresponding to the modulated first electrical signals x1e, x2f and x3g. Then the receivers 1021 to 1024 respectively use the digital spreading codes corresponding to the analog spreading codes e, f and g to decode the three channels of spread spectrum digital signals, the receivers 1021 to 1022 obtain the original data x1 and x2 respectively, the receivers 1023 and 1024 both Get the original data x3. Through the above process, the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1011 and the receiver 1021, the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1012 and the receiver 1022, and the transmitter 1013 and the receivers 1023 and 1024 are realized. point-to-multipoint data transmission.

In the above-mentioned first establishment manner, when the optical signal switching device uses electrical physical resources to modulate the analog signal in the analog domain, since the conversion of the analog signal to the digital signal is not required, additional processing delay is basically not caused. Therefore, compared with the modulating method in the digital domain using electrical physical resources, the delay is lower and the communication efficiency is higher.

In the second establishment manner, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources is established by the transmitters. In this second setup, the N transmitters 101 associate raw data with different electrical physical resources. Thus, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters 101 are different. However, the optical signal switching device 103 does not need to establish an association relationship between the original data from different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources. FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic optical signal switching device 103 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7 , the optical signal exchange device 103 includes N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 , an optical signal generation structure 1033 and a broadcast structure 1034 , and the N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 correspond to the N transmitters 101 one-to-one respectively. The N photoelectric conversion modules 1031 are used to convert the received first optical signal into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the optical signal generating structure 1033 . The optical signal generating structure 1033 is configured to generate one channel of the second optical signal based on the N channels of first electrical signals received. The broadcast structure 1034 is used to broadcast the second optical signal to the M receivers 102 . For example, the broadcast structure 1034 may be a 1×M optocoupler with 1 input and M outputs. Specifically, it is used to send the second optical signals carrying the same data to the M receivers 102 respectively. The powers of the second optical signals broadcast to the M receivers may be the same or different, but the data carried are the same.

The electro-physical resources may be different communication resources in different application scenarios. Correspondingly, the principle of signal transmission in the communication system is also different. This embodiment of the present application uses the following two optional examples as examples for description:

In the first example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resources are frequency domain resources. The communication system communicates based on the FDMA principle. Assuming that the frequency domain resources are sub-carriers, the associations between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different sub-carriers are established by the transmitters.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8 , each transmitter 101 is further configured to generate the first digital signal based on the analog signal converted from the digital signal mapped on the subcarrier after mapping the digital signal on the subcarrier corresponding to the transmitter 101 light signal. Subcarriers corresponding to different transmitters 101 among the N transmitters 101 are different. For example, each transmitter is used to perform the following steps:

E1. Map the digital signal on the subcarrier corresponding to the transmitter.

For example, each transmitter 101 may first perform constellation mapping processing on the acquired digital signal, and then perform frequency shifting (also called frequency shifting) processing, so as to map the digital signal on the corresponding subcarrier. Wherein, when the original data is an analog signal, the digital signal can be converted from the analog signal output by the signal source. When the original data is a digital signal, the digital signal may be a digital signal directly output by the signal source.

E2. Convert the digital signal mapped on the subcarrier into an analog signal.

Illustratively, each transmitter 101 may convert digital signals to analog signals through a digital-to-analog conversion module.

E3. Generate the first optical signal based on the analog signal.

For example, each transmitter 101 may modulate the optical signal into the first optical signal based on the analog signal by using intensity modulation or coherent modulation.

Correspondingly, each receiver 102 is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and obtain a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver 102 . Since the effect of the transmitter establishing the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different subcarriers is equivalent to the effect of the optical signal switching device establishing the association relationship between the original data from different transmitters 101 and different radio frequency carriers in the analog domain, it is also It is equivalent to the effect of the optical signal switching device establishing the association relationship between the original data from different transmitters 101 and different subcarriers in the digital domain. Therefore, the optical signal switching device can directly convert N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, generate one channel of second optical signals based on the N channels of first electrical signals, and then convert the second optical signals to N channels of first electrical signals. The broadcast is sent to M receivers. For the specific process, refer to the action of the optical signal switching device in the aforementioned FIG. 7 . Correspondingly, the actions of the receiver 102 may refer to the foregoing steps A1 to A3 or the foregoing steps B1 to B3. This is not repeated in this embodiment of the present application.

Figure 8 assumes N=3 and M=3. The three transmitters are transmitters 1011 to 1013 respectively, and the three receivers are transmitters 1021 to 1023 respectively. For the meaning of each trapezoid on the horizontal line in FIG. 8 , reference may be made to the meaning of the trapezoid on the horizontal line in the digital domain in the aforementioned FIG. 5 . The following describes FIG. 8 by taking the transmitter performing carrier modulation in the digital domain, and the receiver performing digital signal demodulation in the digital domain (that is, performing the aforementioned steps B1 to B3) as an example. FIG. 8 schematically shows four subcarriers, are sub-carriers a, b, c and d, respectively, assuming that the original data is a digital signal. And the transmitters 1011 to 1013 correspond to the sub-carriers a, b and c, respectively, and the receivers 1021 to 1023 correspond to the sub-carriers a, b and c, respectively. Taking the transmitter 1011 as an example, the transmitter 1011 is further configured to generate the first optical signal based on the analog signal converted from the digital signal after mapping the digital signal x1 on the subcarrier a. In this way, the first optical signal generated by the transmitter 1011 corresponds to the digital signal x1 mapped on the subcarrier a. Similarly, the first optical signals generated by the transmitters 1012 and 1013 correspond to the digital signals x2 and x3 mapped on the sub-carriers b and c, respectively. Then, the optical signal switching device converts the first optical signals of the three channels sent by the three transmitters into the first electrical signals of the three channels, and generates a second optical signal based on the first electrical signals of the three channels, and then sends the second optical signal. . The second optical signal corresponds to the digital signal mapped on the sub-carriers a, b and c. Each receiver 102 converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, and after converting the analog signal into a digital signal, obtains digital signals x1, x2, x3 mapped on subcarriers a, b, and c. Then receivers 1021 to 1023 acquire digital signals x1, x2, and x3 on subcarriers a, b, and c, respectively. Through the above process, the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1011 and the receiver 1021, the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1012 and the receiver 1022, and the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1013 and the receiver 1023 are realized. point-to-point data transfer.

In the second example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a code resource, and the transmitter and the receiver communicate based on the CDMA principle. It is assumed that the code resource is a spreading code, such as a digital spreading code. The associations between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different spreading codes are established by the transmitters. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a communication principle of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 9 , each transmitter 101 is further configured to use a spread spectrum code corresponding to the transmitter 101 to encode a digital signal into a spread spectrum digital signal, and generate the first digital signal based on the analog signal converted from the spread spectrum digital signal. A light signal. The spreading codes corresponding to the N transmitters 101 are different, and any two of the spreading codes are orthogonal. For example, each transmitter is used to perform the following steps:

F1. Use the spread spectrum code corresponding to the transmitter to encode the digital signal into a spread spectrum digital signal.

For example, each transmitter 101 may first perform constellation mapping processing on the acquired digital signal, and then perform encoding processing, so as to encode the digital signal into a spread spectrum digital signal. Wherein, when the original data is an analog signal, the digital signal can be converted from the analog signal output by the signal source. When the original data is a digital signal, the digital signal may be a digital signal directly output by the signal source.

F2. Convert the spread spectrum digital signal into an analog signal.

Illustratively, each transmitter 101 may perform the conversion of the spread spectrum digital signal to the analog signal through a digital-to-analog conversion module.

F3. Generate the first optical signal based on the analog signal.

For example, each transmitter 101 may modulate the optical signal into the first optical signal based on the analog signal by using intensity modulation or coherent modulation.

Correspondingly, each receiver 102 is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and decode the digital signal by using the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver 102 to obtain a decoded digital signal. Signal. Since the effect of the transmitter establishing the correlation between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different spreading codes is equivalent to the effect of the optical signal switching device establishing the correlation between the original data from different transmitters 101 and different spreading codes in the analog domain , which is also equivalent to the effect of the optical signal switching device establishing the correlation between the original data from different transmitters 101 and different spreading codes in the digital domain. Therefore, the optical signal switching device can directly convert N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, generate one channel of second optical signals based on the N channels of first electrical signals, and then convert the second optical signals to N channels of first electrical signals. The broadcast is sent to M receivers. For the specific process, refer to the action of the optical signal switching device in the aforementioned FIG. 7 . Correspondingly, the actions of the receiver 102 may refer to the aforementioned steps C1 to C3 or the aforementioned steps D1 to D3. This is not repeated in this embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 9 assumes that N=3 and M=3, wherein the three transmitters are transmitters 1011 to 1013 respectively, and the three receivers are transmitters 1021 to 1023 respectively. Fig. 8 is described below by taking the transmitter performing spread spectrum modulation in the digital domain and the receiver performing digital signal demodulation in the digital domain (that is, performing the aforementioned steps D1 to D3). In Fig. 9, it is assumed that the transmitters 1011 to 1013 are respectively Corresponding to spreading codes e, f, and g, receivers 1021 to 1023 correspond to spreading codes e, f, and g, respectively. Taking the transmitter 1011 as an example, the transmitter 1011 is further configured to use the spread spectrum code e to encode the digital signal x1 into a spread spectrum digital signal x1e, and generate the first optical signal based on the analog signal converted from the spread spectrum digital signal x1e. In this way, the first optical signal generated by the transmitter 1011 corresponds to the spread spectrum digital signal x1e. Similarly, the first optical signals generated by the transmitters 1012 and 1013 correspond to the spread spectrum digital signals x2f and x3g, respectively. Then, the optical signal switching device converts the first optical signals of the three channels sent by the three transmitters into the first electrical signals of the three channels, and generates a second optical signal based on the first electrical signals of the three channels, and then sends the second optical signal. . The second optical signal corresponds to the spread spectrum digital signals x1e, x2f and x3g. Each receiver 102 converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, and after converting the analog signal into a digital signal, will obtain the spread spectrum digital signals x1e, x2f and x3g. Then the receivers 1021 to 1023 respectively use the spreading codes e, f and g to decode the spread spectrum digital signals x1e, x2f and x3g to obtain the digital signals x1, x2 and x3. Through the above process, the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1011 and the receiver 1021, the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1012 and the receiver 1022, and the point-to-point data transmission between the transmitter 1013 and the receiver 1023 are realized. point-to-point data transfer.

Wherein, each transmitter can determine the electrical physical resource corresponding to the transmitter in various ways, so as to use the electrical physical resource to process the original data. For example, each transmitter may determine the electrical physical resource corresponding to the transmitter based on the first correspondence between the transmitter and the electrical physical resource. The first correspondence and the second correspondence may be preconfigured. For another example, the electrical physical resource corresponding to the transmitter may be acquired by each transmitter when the first optical signal needs to be sent. Illustratively, after determining the destination address of the acquired original data, each transmitter queries the correspondence between the destination address and the electrical physical resource based on the destination address, and determines the electrical physical resource corresponding to the destination address as the electrical physical resource corresponding to the transmitter. physical resources.

In the foregoing two examples of the second establishment manner, different transmitters 101 establish the association relationship between the original data and different electrical physical resources in the digital domain as an example for description. In actual implementation, different transmitters 101 may also establish association relationships between raw data and different electrical physical resources in the analog domain. For the specific process, reference may be made to the processing process of the analog domain in the foregoing first implementation manner, which is not described repeatedly in this embodiment of the present application.

It should be noted that the foregoing two establishment methods are mainly described by taking the raw data from each transmitter corresponding to one electrical physical resource and each receiver corresponding to one or two electrical physical resources as examples. In actual implementation, the original data from each transmitter may correspond to multiple electrical physical resources, as long as it is ensured that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the original data from different transmitters are different. Each receiver may also correspond to at least three electrical physical resources. In addition, the foregoing embodiments only take the electrical physical resources as radio frequency carriers, sub-carriers or spreading codes for illustration. In actual implementation, electrical physical resources may also be other frequency domain resources, other code domain resources or time domain resources. The communication system can also use other communication principles to realize data transmission based on electrical physical resources between the transmitter and the receiver. For example, the communication system may also use a time division multiple access (Time Division multiple access, TDMA) principle for communication. However, compared to using the TDMA principle for communication, the aforementioned CDMA or FDMA principle for communication has higher reliability and lower latency.

When the association relationship between the raw data of different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device 103, in an example, each receiver may determine the corresponding relationship based on the second correspondence between receivers and electrical physical resources. The electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver. The second correspondence may be preconfigured. For example, the second correspondence may be manually configured when the communication system is deployed. For another example, the N transmitters 101 include a management transmitter for configuring the second correspondence, and the management transmitter sends the second correspondence to the M receivers through the optical signal switching device. In another example, the electrical physical resources corresponding to the receivers may be acquired by each receiver when the second optical signal needs to be resolved. For example, the first optical signal sent by each transmitter also carries address data, where the address data includes a destination address added on the basis of the original data. Correspondingly, the second optical signal also carries address data in the N first optical signals. After receiving the second optical signal, each receiver parses the N address data carried by the second optical signal, and when the target address indicated by any address data in the N address data is the address of the receiver, the address The electrical physical resource corresponding to the address is determined as the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver. Exemplarily, the destination address may be a sequence of numbers, such as a sequence of binary numbers, as long as it can function as an address identification. Optionally, the first optical signal is obtained by modulating an electrical signal (eg, the aforementioned analog signal), and the format of the electrical signal refers to a traditional message format (also called a frame format), such as an Ethernet message format.

As mentioned above, different communication systems have different modulation mechanisms at the transmitting end, different demodulation mechanisms at the receiving end, and/or different signal transceiver principles. Therefore, the actions performed by the transmitter and the receiver are also different. To facilitate the reader's understanding, FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application, and FIG. 10 uses the structure of the communication system as an example to describe the structures of a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter 101 includes a processing module 1011 , a digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 and a modulation module 1013 . The processing module 1011 is configured to receive the electrical signal output by the signal source, and output a digital signal based on the electrical signal. The digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 is used to convert the digital signal output by the processing module 1011 into an analog signal. The modulation module 1013 is configured to perform signal modulation with the optical signal based on the analog signal to obtain the first optical signal. The digital signal output by the processing module 1011 corresponds to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the transmitter. The digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 may be a digital to analog conversion (DAC) chip or a parallel converter (serdes).

The receiver 102 includes a photoelectric conversion module 1021 , an analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 and a processing module 1023 . The photoelectric conversion module 1021 is configured to receive the second optical signal sent by the optical signal exchange device 103, and convert the second optical signal into an analog signal. The analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 is used to convert the analog signal output by the photoelectric conversion module 1021 into a digital signal. The processing module 1023 is configured to acquire an electrical signal based on the digital signal output by the analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 . The analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 can be an ADC chip or a CDR chip.

Referring to the first example of the foregoing first establishment manner, when the communication system communicates based on the FDMA principle, the photoelectric conversion module 1021, the analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 and the processing module 1023 are used to perform the foregoing steps A1, A2 and A3 respectively, or , which are used to perform the foregoing steps B1, B2 and B3 respectively. Referring to the second example of the foregoing first establishment manner, when the communication system communicates based on the CDMA principle, the photoelectric conversion module 1021, the analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 and the processing module 1023 are configured to perform the foregoing steps C1, C2 and C3 respectively, or , which are used to perform the foregoing steps D1, D2 and D3 respectively. Optionally, in the first implementation manner, when the original data is a digital signal, in the transmitter 101, the processing module 1011 can be integrated on the digital-to-analog conversion module 1012, and the digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 receives the output of the signal source. and convert the digital signal to an analog signal. Further, the processing module 1011 and the digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 can be integrated on the modulation module 1013, and the modulation module 1013 receives the digital signal output by the signal source, converts the digital signal into an analog signal, and uses the optical signal based on the analog signal. The signal is signal modulated to obtain a first optical signal.

Referring to the first example of the foregoing second establishment manner, the processing module 1011 , the digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 and the modulation module 1013 are configured to perform the foregoing steps E1 , E2 and E3 respectively. Correspondingly, the photoelectric conversion module 1021 , the analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 and the processing module 1023 are used to perform the foregoing steps A1 , A2 and A3 respectively, or are used to perform the foregoing steps B1 , B2 and B3 respectively. Referring to the second example of the foregoing second establishment manner, when the communication system communicates based on the CDMA principle, the processing module 1011 , the digital-to-analog conversion module 1012 and the modulation module 1013 are used to perform the foregoing steps F1 , F2 and F3 respectively. Correspondingly, the photoelectric conversion module 1021 , the analog-to-digital conversion module 1022 and the processing module 1023 are used to perform the foregoing steps C1 , C2 and C3 respectively, or are used to perform the foregoing steps D1 , D2 and D3 respectively. Compared with the first establishment manner, in the second establishment manner, the processing module 1011 reduces the process of establishing the association relationship between the original data of the transmitter and the electrical physical resources.

Optionally, both the aforementioned processing module 1011 and the processing module 1023 may be digital signal processing (Digital Signal Process, DSP) modules. In actual implementation, the aforementioned transmitter and/or receiver also have other functions, and correspondingly, other modules may be provided, or new functions may be added to existing modules. For example, the transmitter also includes: one or more of an optical amplifier or an optical multiplexer. The receiver also includes: one or more of an optical splitter or an optical amplifier. Further optionally, the processing module 1023 is further configured to compensate for optical fiber dispersion and/or nonlinear effects, and/or the processing module 1023 is further configured to perform error correction processing on bit errors generated during optical signal transmission, etc. .

In the foregoing embodiments, both the transmitter and the receiver in the communication system refer to the transmitter and the receiver in a working state. The operating state refers to a state sufficient for communication. In the foregoing embodiments, the number of input terminals of the optical signal switching device is equal to the number of working transmitters in the communication system, and the number of output terminals of the optical signal switching device is equal to the number of working receivers in the communication system. Equal to an example to illustrate. In actual implementation, the number of input terminals of the optical signal switching device can be greater than the number of working transmitters in the communication system, and the number of output terminals of the optical signal switching device can be greater than the number of working receivers in the communication system. In one case, the optical signal switching device has an idle input terminal and an idle output terminal, so that it is convenient to connect new transmitters and receivers and realize the expansion of the communication system. In another case, the optical signal switching device has an input terminal connected to a transmitter in a non-operating state. When the transmitter is switched from a non-operating state to an operating state, the optical signal switching device can quickly respond to the transmitter sending out the first optical signal. And/or, the optical signal switching device has an output terminal connected to the receiver in the non-working state, and when the receiver is switched from the non-working state to the working state, the optical signal switching device can also send the second optical signal to the receiver. receiver.

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal generating structure 1033 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11 , the optical signal generating structure 1033 includes: an electrical coupler 1033a and an optical modulator 1033b.

The electrical coupler 1033a is used to couple the N channels of first electrical signals received into at least one channel of second electrical signals. It should be noted that when the optical signal generating structure 1033 is applied to the optical signal switching device shown in FIG. 4 , the received first signal is the modulated first electrical signal output by the resource modulation module 1032; when the optical signal When the generating structure 1033 is applied to the optical signal switching device shown in FIG. 7 , the received first signal is the first electrical signal output by the photoelectric conversion module 1031 . The optical modulator 1033b is configured to perform modulation based on the at least one second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal.

As mentioned above, the optical signal switching device 103 can support the direct modulation of the optical signal, and can also support the coherent modulation of the optical signal. For different modulation methods, the actions performed by the electrical coupler 1033a and the optical modulator 1033b are also different. The embodiments of the present application are described by taking the following three situations as examples:

In the first case, the optical signal switching device 103 may support direct modulation of the optical signal. For example, the electrical coupler 1033a is used to couple the N channels of the first electrical signals received into one channel of the second electrical signals. The electrical coupler may be an N×1 combiner (Combiner) with N input terminals and one output terminal. The coupling process (also referred to as a combining process) may be a superposition process of N first electrical signals. The optical modulator 1033b is configured to directly modulate the intensity of the optical signal based on the second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal. The light modulation device may be a Directly Modulated Laser (DML), an Electro-absorption Modulator (EAM), or a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM).

In the second case, the optical signal switching device 103 may support coherent modulation of the optical signal. For example, the electrical coupler 1033a is used to couple the N channels of the first electrical signals received into one channel of the second electrical signals. The coupling process may be a superposition process of N first electrical signals. The optical modulator 1033b is configured to perform coherent modulation of the optical signal based on the second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal.

Take coherent modulation as polarization multiplexing coherent modulation as an example. The optical modulator 1033b is configured to generate 4 channels of electrical signals based on the channel of the second electrical signal. Phase modulation is performed on the two orthogonal polarized optical signals (that is, the polarization directions are vertical) based on the four electrical signals, respectively, to obtain a second optical signal. Specifically, the two orthogonally polarized light signals are respectively the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal. The optical modulator 1033b is configured to modulate the first polarized optical signal by using two electrical signals among the four electrical signals to obtain the modulated first polarized optical signal. Using the other two electrical signals in the four electrical signals, the second polarized light signal is modulated to obtain a modulated second polarized light signal. The modulated first optical signal and the modulated second polarized optical signal are then combined to obtain the second optical signal. Illustratively, the optical modulator 1033b includes a laser, a polarization beam splitter, two modulators, and a polarization combiner. The laser is used to generate the laser signal, and the polarization beam splitter is used to split the laser signal into a first polarized light signal and a second polarized light signal. The two modulators are respectively used to modulate the first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal. The polarization combiner is used for combining the modulated first optical signal and the modulated second polarized optical signal to obtain the second optical signal. For example, one of the aforementioned first polarized light signal and the second polarized light signal is an x-polarized light signal, and the other is a y-polarized light signal.

In the third case, the optical signal switching device 103 may support coherent modulation of the optical signal. Referring to the second case mentioned above, since coherent modulation usually requires 4 channels of electrical signals, the electrical coupler 1033a can directly output 4 channels of electrical signals, thus eliminating the need for the optical modulator 1033b to perform the action of generating 4 channels of optical signals, reducing the coherent modulation process the complexity. Then, the electrical coupler 1033a is used to couple the received N-channel first electrical signals into 4-channel second electrical signals. The coupling process may be a process of superimposing the first electrical signals of each group after the N-channel first electrical signals are divided into four groups. Exemplarily, the electrical coupler includes 4 S×1 combiners with S input ends and one output end, where S is a positive integer. The number of input terminals of the four S×1 combiners may be equal or unequal, and the sum of the number of input terminals of the four S×1 combiners is N. Input the N first electrical signals into the 4 S×1 combiners according to the corresponding relationship with the 4 S×1 combiners, and each S×1 combiner performs the received first electrical signal The superposition of 4 S×1 combiners finally outputs 4 second electrical signals. The optical modulator 1033b is configured to perform coherent modulation of the optical signal based on the four channels of second electrical signals to obtain the second optical signal. The modulation process refers to the corresponding process in the aforementioned second case. For example, in the optical modulator 1033b, two electrical signals among the four electrical signals are input into one modulator for modulating the first polarized optical signal. The other two electrical signals are input into another modulator for modulating the second polarized light signal.

In the foregoing embodiments, the first electrical signal input to the electrical coupler 1033a is an analog signal as an example for description. In actual implementation, the first electrical signal input to the electrical coupler 1033a may also be a digital signal. For example, in the case where the aforementioned N resource modulation modules 1032 are used to modulate digital signals using electrical physical resources in the digital domain, the N resource modulation modules 1032 can also be used to convert the received first electrical signal into a digital signal. signal, the digital signal is modulated with corresponding electrical physical resources, and the modulated digital signal is output as the modulated first electrical signal. Correspondingly, the electrical coupler 1033a couples the received first electrical signals in the form of N digital signals into at least one second electrical signal in the form of digital signals. The optical modulator 1033b can first convert the at least one second electrical signal in the form of a digital signal into at least one second electrical signal in the form of an analog signal, and then perform modulation based on the second electrical signal in the form of an analog signal to obtain a second optical signal .

In the foregoing embodiments, it is assumed that the first electrical signal is an analog signal, and the coupling process of the electrical coupler is a superposition process of N first electrical signals as an example for description. In actual implementation, the electrical coupler may also couple the N first electrical signals in other ways. In an optional example, when the first electrical signal is an analog signal, the electrical coupler may first convert the N channels of analog signals into digital signals, and then couple the N channels of digital signals into one channel of digital signals by means of summation Signal. Alternatively, the electric coupler may first convert the N channels of analog signals into digital signals, and then couple the N channels of digital signals into one channel of digital signals by means of interleaving. In another optional example, when the first electrical signal is a digital signal, the electrical coupler may further couple the N channels of digital signals into one channel of digital signals in a summation manner. Alternatively, the electrical coupler can also couple the N channels of digital signals into one channel of digital signals by means of interleaving. For example, the way of interleaving may include a process of interleaving N channels of digital signals byte-by-byte or bit-by-bit to combine them into one channel of digital signals. The frequency or unit of the interleaving may be preset, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

In the foregoing embodiments, the light modulation process is performed based on an analog signal as an example for description. As mentioned above, the modulation module 1013 and the optical modulator 1033b both perform modulation of the optical signal based on the analog signal. In actual implementation, the optical modulation process may also be performed based on a digital signal, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

As mentioned above, the optical signal switching device 103 can support direct reception of optical signals, and can also support coherent reception of optical signals. The aforementioned photoelectric conversion module 1031 includes a photodetector. When the optical signal exchange device 103 supports direct reception of optical signals, the photodetector can be a photodiode detector or an avalanche photodiode detector; when the optical signal exchange device 103 When supporting coherent reception of optical signals, the optical detector may be a coherent receiver.

It should be noted that, during the propagation process of the first optical signal, insertion loss may exist. Then, an amplifier can also be set in the photoelectric conversion module to compensate the insertion loss. FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a schematic photoelectric conversion module 1031 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 12 , the photoelectric conversion module 1031 includes: a photodetector 1031a and an amplifier 1031b. The photodetector 1031a is used to convert the received first optical signal into a third electrical signal, and transmit the third electrical signal to the amplifier 1031b; the amplifier 1031b is used to amplify the third electrical signal to obtain the first electrical signal electric signal. For example, the amplifier is a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA). TIA can realize the amplification of small current signal into voltage signal.

In the communication system provided by the embodiment of the present application, a multi-level switch is replaced by a one-hop optical signal exchange device, which avoids multiple electro-optical conversions and photoelectric conversions caused by the multi-level switch, so that the communication system has the characteristics of large bandwidth and low delay, and can effectively meet the Large traffic and high-quality communication requirements enable effective compatibility of various communication scenarios. The communication system can be used in both long-range communication scenarios and short-range communication scenarios. The optical fiber in the communication system can not only support the transmission rate of single-wave 10G (that is, the transmission rate of each wave is 10G), but also support the transmission rate of single-wave 100G (that is, the transmission rate of each wave is 100G), and also Other transfer rates are supported. For example, the communication system is an in-vehicle communication system, a data center system, an Internet of Things system, an industrial interconnection system, or the like. In these communication systems, on the one hand, it is necessary to realize multipoint-to-multipoint communication. However, in the communication system provided by the embodiment of the present application, by setting one or more electrical physical resources corresponding to the original data from each transmitter, and one or more electrical physical resources corresponding to each receiver, it is possible to effectively realize multi-point to multipoint communication. On the other hand, it is necessary to reduce communication interference and improve transmission reliability. However, in the embodiment of the present application, the communication between the transmitter and the receiver is performed through the optical fiber and the optical coupler, which effectively shields the electromagnetic interference on the transmission link. For example, an in-vehicle communication system is a communication system deployed inside a vehicle. The in-vehicle communication system includes a plurality of communication nodes, each communication node including at least one transmitter and/or at least one receiver. For example, each communication node includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitters of the plurality of communication nodes may include any of the transmitters in the foregoing embodiments. The receivers of the plurality of communication nodes may include any of the receivers in the foregoing embodiments. Exemplarily, the plurality of communication nodes include at least two of the following: a Cockpit Data Center (Cockpit Data Center, CDC, also called a smart cockpit), a mobile data center (Mobile Data Center, MDC, also called an intelligent driving module), a driving dynamic control ( Vehicle Dynamic Control, VDC) module (also called vehicle control module) and vehicle interface unit (Vehicle Interface Unit, VIU). The data center system includes a plurality of servers, each server including at least one transmitter and/or at least one receiver. For example, each server includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitters of the plurality of servers may include any of the transmitters in the foregoing embodiments. The receivers of the plurality of servers may include any of the receivers in the foregoing embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical signal switching apparatus 20 provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the optical signal switching apparatus 20 may be applied to the foregoing communication system 10 . The optical signal switching device 20 includes: a conversion structure 201 , an optical signal generation structure 202 and a broadcast structure 203 .

The conversion structure 201 is used to convert N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, where N is a positive integer greater than 1; the optical signal generation structure 202 is used to generate N channels based on the received The N channels of the first electrical signals generate one channel of the second optical signal, and the original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal; the broadcast structure 203 is used to broadcast the second optical signal to the M receivers, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

In the embodiment of this application, N transmitters and M receivers communicate through an optical signal switching device, and the optical signal switching device is used to process the first optical signal sent by the transmitter into a second optical signal, and then broadcast it to M receiver. In this way, only one hop of the optical signal switching device is required for data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver, thus reducing the communication delay between the transmitter and the receiver.

Referring to the first establishment manner of the foregoing system embodiment, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device 103 . In this first setup, the N transmitters 101 do not associate raw data with different electrical physical resources. In this way, it can be considered that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters 101 are the same, or the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters 101 are not related to the electrical physical resources.

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical signal switching device 20 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The conversion structure 201 includes: N photoelectric conversion modules 2011, N resource modulation modules 2012, the N photoelectric conversion modules 2011 respectively correspond to the N transmitters one-to-one, and the N resource modulation modules 2012 are respectively associated with the N transmitters The photoelectric conversion modules 2011 are in one-to-one correspondence. The N photoelectric conversion modules 2011 are configured to convert the first optical signal sent by the corresponding transmitter into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the corresponding resource modulation module 2012 . The N resource modulation modules 2012 are configured to modulate the received first electrical signal onto the corresponding electrical physical resource, and transmit the modulated first electrical signal to the optical signal generation structure 202, wherein different resource modulation modules The electrical physical resources corresponding to the modulated first electrical signal generated in 2012 are different. The function of the photoelectric conversion module 2011 may refer to the function of the photoelectric conversion module 1031 in FIG. 4 ; the function of the resource modulation module 2012 may refer to the function of the resource modulation module 1032 in FIG. 4 .

Referring to the second establishment manner of the foregoing system embodiment, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources is established by the transmitter. In the second setup method, the N transmitters 101 associate the original data with different electrical physical resources, so the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters 101 are different, and the optical signals At the switching device 103, there is no need to establish an association relationship between the original data from different transmitters 101 and different electrical physical resources. FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of still another optical signal switching device 20 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The conversion structure 201 includes: N photoelectric conversion modules 2011, the N photoelectric conversion modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the N transmitters; the N photoelectric conversion modules 2011 are used to convert the received first optical signal into a first optical signal. An electrical signal is transmitted, and the first electrical signal is transmitted to the optical signal generating structure 202 .

In an optional example, the optical signal generating structure 202 includes: an electrical coupler and an optical modulator; the electrical coupler is used to couple the N circuits of first electrical signals received into at least one second electrical signal; the optical The modulator is configured to perform modulation based on the at least one channel of the second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal. For the structure of the optical signal generation structure 202, refer to the structure of the optical signal generation structure 1033 shown in FIG. 11 . Optionally, the photoelectric conversion module 2011 includes: a photodetector and an amplifier; the photodetector is used to convert the received first optical signal into a third electrical signal, and transmit the third electrical signal to the amplifier; the The amplifier is used for amplifying the third electrical signal to obtain the first electrical signal. The structure of the photoelectric conversion module 2011 may refer to the photoelectric conversion module 1031 shown in FIG. 12 . Illustratively, the light detector is a photodiode detector or an avalanche photodiode detector; and/or the amplifier is a TIA.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the communication method may be applied to the communication system shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 8 , FIG. 9 , or FIG. 10 . The method includes:

S301. Each of the N transmitters sends a first optical signal to the optical signal switching apparatus, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

S302. The optical signal switching device converts N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, generates a channel of second optical signals based on the N channels of first electrical signals, and generates the second optical signal from the N channels of first electrical signals. The broadcast is sent to the M receivers, the original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal, and M is a positive integer greater than 1.

S303. Each of the M receivers receives the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching device, and demodulates the second optical signal.

In the embodiment of the present application, the original data from different transmitters in the original data carried by the second optical signal correspond to different electrical physical resources. Correspondingly, the foregoing process of demodulating the second optical signal may include: each receiver obtains, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver.

Wherein, in the raw data carried by the aforementioned second optical signal, the raw data from different transmitters corresponding to different electrical physical resources can be realized by establishing an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources. The process of establishing the association relationship may be performed by an optical signal switching device, or may be performed by N transmitters. The following two implementation manners are used as examples for description in this embodiment of the present application.

In the first establishment manner, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device. In this first setup, the raw data is not associated with different electrical physical resources at the N transmitters. In this way, it can be considered that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same, or the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are not related to the electrical physical resources.

Then in the aforementioned S302, the process of converting the N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into the N channels of first electrical signals by the optical signal switching device includes: for each channel of the first electrical signals in the N channels of first electrical signals; The electrical signal is modulated on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal; the electrical physical resources corresponding to different modulated first electrical signals are different. For the corresponding execution process, reference may be made to the foregoing corresponding process in FIG. 4 .

In a first example of the first establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a radio frequency carrier, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal. In the aforementioned S302, the process of modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain the modulated first electrical signal includes: the optical signal switching device uses the corresponding radio frequency carrier to carry out the carrier wave on the first electrical signal. Modulation is performed to obtain a modulated first electrical signal, and any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal. Correspondingly, in the aforementioned S303, in the original data carried by the second optical signal, each receiver acquires the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver, including the aforementioned steps A1 to A3 or the aforementioned steps B1 to B3.

In a second example of the first establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a spreading code, and the first electrical signal is an analog signal. In the aforementioned S302, the process of modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain the modulated first electrical signal includes: the optical signal switching device uses a corresponding spreading code for the first electrical signal Spread spectrum modulation is performed to obtain modulated first electrical signals, and any two of the spread spectrum codes corresponding to the N modulated first electrical signals are orthogonal. Correspondingly, in the aforementioned S303, the process of acquiring the raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the raw data carried by the second optical signal for each receiver includes: the aforementioned steps C1 to C3, or The aforementioned steps D1 to D3.

In the foregoing first establishing manner, the description is given by taking the optical signal switching device establishing the association relationship between the original data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources in the analog domain as an example. In actual implementation, the optical signal switching device can also establish the association relationship between the original data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources in the digital domain. For the specific process, reference may be made to the processing process of the digital domain in the first implementation manner in the foregoing system embodiment, which is not repeated in this embodiment of the present application.

In the second way of establishing, the relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the transmitter. In the second setup method, the original data are associated with different electrical physical resources at the N transmitters, so that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are different, and the optical signal switching device There is no need to establish an association relationship between raw data from different transmitters and different electro-physical resources.

In the first example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a sub-carrier, and the original data is a digital signal, then before S301, each transmitter may also map the digital signal with the transmission After the sub-carrier corresponding to the transmitter, the first optical signal is generated based on the analog signal converted from the digital signal mapped on the sub-carrier, the sub-carriers corresponding to different transmitters in the N transmitters are different, and any two of the sub-carriers are different. The carriers are orthogonal. Correspondingly, in the aforementioned S303, the process of acquiring the raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the raw data carried by the second optical signal for each receiver includes: the aforementioned steps A1 to A3 or the aforementioned steps B1 to B3.

In the second example of the second establishment manner, the electrical physical resource is a spread spectrum code, and the original data is a digital signal, then before S301, each transmitter can also use the spread spectrum code corresponding to the transmitter. The frequency code encodes the digital signal into a spread spectrum digital signal, and generates the first optical signal based on the analog signal converted from the spread spectrum digital signal. The spread spectrum codes corresponding to the N transmitters are different, and any two of the spread spectrum codes Orthogonal. Correspondingly, in the aforementioned S303, the process for each receiver to obtain the original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the original data carried by the second optical signal includes: the aforementioned steps C1 to C3, or the aforementioned steps C1 to C3. Steps D1 to D3.

In the foregoing second establishing manner, the description is given by taking as an example that different transmitters establish the association relationship between original data and different electrical physical resources in the digital domain. In actual implementation, different transmitters can also establish the relationship between raw data and different electrical physical resources in the analog domain. For the specific process, reference may be made to the processing process of the analog domain in the first implementation manner in the foregoing system embodiment, which is not described repeatedly in this embodiment of the present application.

In the embodiment of this application, N transmitters and M receivers communicate through an optical signal switching device, and the optical signal switching device is used to process the first optical signal sent by the transmitter into a second optical signal, and then broadcast it to M receiver. In this way, only one hop of the optical signal switching device is required for data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver, thus reducing the communication delay between the transmitter and the receiver.

It should be noted that, the sequence of steps of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be appropriately adjusted, and the steps can also be increased or decreased according to the situation. Changes that can easily be thought of should be covered by the protection scope of the present application, and therefore will not be repeated here.

FIG. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application. This communication method can be applied to the optical signal switching apparatus shown in FIG. 14 or FIG. 15 . The communication method includes:

S401. Convert N channels of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N channels of first electrical signals, where N is a positive integer greater than 1.

In the first establishment manner, the association relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the optical signal switching device. In this first setup, the raw data is not associated with different electrical physical resources at the N transmitters. In this way, it can be considered that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same, or the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are not related to the electrical physical resources. Then the aforementioned process of converting the N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into the N channels of first electrical signals includes: for each channel of the first electrical signals in the N channels of first electrical signals, converting the first electrical signals to the N channels of first electrical signals. The signal is modulated on the corresponding electrical physical resources to obtain a modulated first electrical signal; the electrical physical resources corresponding to different modulated first electrical signals are different.

In the second way of establishing, the relationship between the original data of different transmitters and different electrical physical resources is established by the transmitter. In the second setup method, the original data are associated with different electrical physical resources at the N transmitters, so that the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are different, and the optical signal switching device There is no need to establish an association relationship between the original data from different transmitters and different electrical physical resources, and the N channels of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters are directly converted into N channels of first electrical signals.

S402. Generate a second optical signal based on the N first electrical signals, where the original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as the original data carried by the first optical signal.

S403. Convert the second electrical signal into a second optical signal.

S404. Broadcast and send the second optical signal to M receivers, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

In the embodiment of this application, N transmitters and M receivers communicate through an optical signal switching device, and the optical signal switching device is used to process the first optical signal sent by the transmitter into a second optical signal, and then broadcast it to M receiver. In this way, only one hop of the optical signal switching device is required for data transmission between the transmitter and the receiver, thus reducing the communication delay between the transmitter and the receiver.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific steps and effects of the communication methods described in Figure 16 and Figure 17 can refer to the corresponding processes and effects in the foregoing communication system embodiments, here No longer. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments can be completed by hardware, or can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium mentioned may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. In this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. The term "positive integer greater than 1" refers to at least two. The term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless expressly limited otherwise. "A refers to B" means that A is the same as B, or that A is simply deformed on the basis of B. The term "and/or" in this application is only an association relationship to describe associated objects, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, independently There are three cases of B. In addition, the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the related objects are an "or" relationship. The above descriptions are only optional embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection of the present application. within the range.

Claims (26)

1. A communication system, the communication system comprising:

n transmitters, M receivers and an optical signal switching device, wherein both N and M are positive integers greater than 1;

each of the N transmitters is configured to send a first optical signal to the optical signal switching apparatus;

the optical signal switching device is configured to convert N paths of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N paths of first electrical signals, generate one path of second optical signals based on the N paths of first electrical signals, broadcast the second optical signals and send the second optical signals to the M receivers, where original data carried by the second optical signals is the same as original data carried by the N paths of first optical signals;

each of the M receivers is configured to receive the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching apparatus, and demodulate the second optical signal.

2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the raw data from different transmitters in the raw data carried by the second optical signal corresponds to different electrical physical resources, and each receiver is configured to obtain the raw data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver in the raw data carried by the second optical signal.

3. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same; the optical signal switching device comprises:

the system comprises N photoelectric conversion modules, N resource modulation modules, an optical signal generation structure and a broadcast structure, wherein the N photoelectric conversion modules are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with N transmitters, and the N resource modulation modules are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the N photoelectric conversion modules;

the N photoelectric conversion modules are used for converting first optical signals sent by corresponding transmitters into first electric signals and transmitting the first electric signals to corresponding resource modulation modules;

the N resource modulation modules are used for modulating the received first electric signals to corresponding electric physical resources and transmitting the modulated first electric signals to the optical signal generation structure, wherein the electric physical resources corresponding to the modulated first electric signals generated by different resource modulation modules are different;

the optical signal generating structure is used for generating one path of second optical signal based on the received N paths of first electric signals;

the broadcast structure is configured to broadcast and send the second optical signal to the M receivers.

4. The communication system according to claim 3, wherein the electrical physical resource is a radio frequency carrier, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, the N resource modulation modules are configured to perform carrier modulation on the received first electrical signal by using a corresponding radio frequency carrier to obtain a modulated first electrical signal, and any two modulated first electrical signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal;

each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and acquire a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver in the converted digital signal.

5. The communication system according to claim 3, wherein the electrical physical resource is a spreading code, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, the N resource modulation modules are configured to perform spreading modulation on the received first electrical signal by using corresponding spreading codes to obtain a modulated first electrical signal, and any two spreading codes corresponding to the modulated first electrical signal generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal;

each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and decode the digital signal using a spreading code corresponding to the receiver to obtain a decoded digital signal.

6. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters correspond to different electrical physical resources; the optical signal switching device comprises: the system comprises N photoelectric conversion modules, an optical signal generation structure and a broadcast structure, wherein the N photoelectric conversion modules correspond to N transmitters one by one respectively;

the N photoelectric conversion modules are configured to convert a received first optical signal into a first electrical signal and transmit the first electrical signal to the optical signal generation structure;

the optical signal generating structure is used for generating one path of second optical signal based on the received N paths of first electric signals;

the broadcast structure is configured to broadcast and send the second optical signal to the M receivers.

7. The communication system according to claim 6, wherein the electrical physical resource is a subcarrier, the raw data is a digital signal, each transmitter is further configured to generate the first optical signal based on an analog signal converted from the digital signal mapped on the subcarrier after mapping the digital signal on the subcarrier corresponding to the transmitter, the subcarriers corresponding to different transmitters in the N transmitters are different, and any two subcarriers are orthogonal;

each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and acquire a digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver in the converted digital signal.

8. The communication system of claim 6, wherein the electrical physical resource is a spreading code, the raw data is a digital signal, each transmitter is further configured to encode the digital signal into a spread digital signal by using the spreading code corresponding to the transmitter, and generate the first optical signal based on an analog signal into which the spread digital signal is converted, the spreading codes corresponding to the N transmitters are different, and any two of the spreading codes are orthogonal;

each receiver is further configured to convert the second optical signal into an analog signal, convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and obtain a decoded digital signal by using a digital signal obtained by decoding and converting the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver.

9. The communication system according to any of claims 3 to 8, wherein the optical signal generating structure comprises: an electrical coupler and an optical modulator;

the electric coupler is used for coupling the received N paths of first electric signals into at least one path of second electric signals;

and the optical modulator is used for modulating based on the at least one path of second electric signal to obtain the second optical signal.

10. The communication system according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the photoelectric conversion module includes: a photodetector and an amplifier;

the optical detector is used for converting the received first optical signal into a third electric signal and transmitting the third electric signal to the amplifier;

the amplifier is used for amplifying the third electric signal to obtain the first electric signal.

11. The communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the communication system is an in-vehicle communication system, a data center system, an internet of things system, or an industrial interconnect system.

12. An optical signal switching apparatus, comprising: a conversion structure, an optical signal generation structure and a broadcasting structure;

the conversion structure is used for converting N paths of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N paths of first electric signals, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1;

the optical signal generating structure is configured to generate a path of second optical signal based on N received paths of first electrical signals, where original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as original data carried by the first optical signal;

the broadcasting structure is configured to broadcast the second optical signal to M receivers, where M is a positive integer greater than 1.

13. The optical signal switching apparatus of claim 12, wherein the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same; the conversion structure includes:

the system comprises N photoelectric conversion modules and N resource modulation modules, wherein the N photoelectric conversion modules are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with N transmitters, and the N resource modulation modules are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the N photoelectric conversion modules;

the N photoelectric conversion modules are used for converting first optical signals sent by corresponding transmitters into first electric signals and transmitting the first electric signals to corresponding resource modulation modules;

the N resource modulation modules are used for modulating the received first electric signals to corresponding electric physical resources and transmitting the modulated first electric signals to the optical signal generation structure, wherein the electric physical resources corresponding to the modulated first electric signals generated by different resource modulation modules are different.

14. The optical signal switching apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are different; the conversion structure includes: the N photoelectric conversion modules correspond to the N transmitters one by one respectively;

the N photoelectric conversion modules are configured to convert the received first optical signal into a first electrical signal, and transmit the first electrical signal to the optical signal generation structure.

15. An optical signal switching arrangement according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the optical signal generating structure comprises: an electrical coupler and an optical modulator;

the electric coupler is used for coupling the received N paths of first electric signals into at least one path of second electric signals;

the optical modulator is configured to modulate based on the at least one path of second electrical signal to obtain the second optical signal.

16. The optical signal switching device according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the optical-to-electrical conversion module comprises: a photodetector and an amplifier;

the optical detector is used for converting the received first optical signal into a third electric signal and transmitting the third electric signal to the amplifier;

the amplifier is used for amplifying the third electric signal to obtain the first electric signal.

17. The optical signal switching device of claim 16 wherein said photodetector is a photodiode detector or an avalanche photodiode detector; and/or, the amplifier is a TIA.

18. A method of communication, comprising:

each transmitter in the N transmitters sends a path of first optical signal to an optical signal switching device, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1;

the optical signal switching device converts N paths of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N paths of first electrical signals, generates one path of second optical signal based on the N paths of first electrical signals, and sends the second optical signal to the M receivers in a broadcast manner, where original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as original data carried by the first optical signal, and M is a positive integer greater than 1;

and each receiver in the M receivers receives the second optical signal sent by the optical signal switching device and demodulates the second optical signal.

19. The communication method according to claim 18, wherein the original data from different transmitters in the original data carried by the second optical signal correspond to different electrical physical resources;

the demodulating the second optical signal includes:

and each receiver acquires original data corresponding to the electrical and physical resources corresponding to the receiver from the original data carried by the second optical signal.

20. The communication method according to claim 19, wherein the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same; the optical signal switching device converts the N first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N first electrical signals, and includes:

for each of the N first electrical signals, modulating the first electrical signal on a corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal; the electrical physical resources corresponding to different modulated first electrical signals are different.

21. The communication method according to claim 20, wherein the electrical physical resource is a radio frequency carrier, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, and the modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal comprises:

the optical signal switching device carries out carrier modulation on the first electric signals by adopting corresponding radio frequency carriers to obtain modulated first electric signals, and any two modulated first electric signals generated by the N resource modulation modules are orthogonal;

each receiver acquires, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver, including:

and each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and acquires the digital signal on a subcarrier corresponding to the receiver in the converted digital signal.

22. The communication method according to claim 20, wherein the electrical physical resource is a spreading code, the first electrical signal is an analog signal, and the modulating the first electrical signal on the corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal comprises:

the optical signal switching device performs spread spectrum modulation on the first electrical signal by adopting a corresponding spread spectrum code to obtain a modulated first electrical signal, wherein any two spread spectrum codes corresponding to the N modulated first electrical signals are orthogonal;

each receiver acquires, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver, including:

and each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and decodes the converted digital signal by adopting the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver to obtain a decoded digital signal.

23. The method of claim 19, wherein the electrical physical resource is a subcarrier and the raw data is a digital signal, the method further comprising:

after the digital signals are mapped on the subcarriers corresponding to the transmitters by each transmitter, generating the first optical signals based on analog signals converted from the digital signals mapped on the subcarriers, wherein the subcarriers corresponding to different transmitters in the N transmitters are different, and any two subcarriers are orthogonal;

each receiver acquires, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver, including:

and each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and acquires the digital signal on the subcarrier corresponding to the receiver in the converted digital signal.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the electrical physical resource is a spreading code and the raw data is a digital signal, the method further comprising:

each transmitter encodes a digital signal into a spread spectrum digital signal by adopting a spread spectrum code corresponding to the transmitter, and generates the first optical signal based on an analog signal converted from the spread spectrum digital signal, wherein the spread spectrum codes corresponding to the N transmitters are different, and any two spread spectrum codes are orthogonal;

each receiver acquires, from the original data carried by the second optical signal, original data corresponding to the electrical physical resource corresponding to the receiver, including:

and each receiver converts the second optical signal into an analog signal, converts the analog signal into a digital signal, and decodes the digital signal obtained by conversion by adopting the spread spectrum code corresponding to the receiver to obtain a decoded digital signal.

25. A method of communication, the method comprising:

converting N paths of first optical signals sent by N transmitters into N paths of first electric signals, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1;

generating a path of second optical signal based on the N paths of first electrical signals, wherein original data carried by the second optical signal is the same as original data carried by the first optical signal;

converting the second electrical signal into a second optical signal;

and broadcasting and sending the second optical signal to M receivers, wherein M is a positive integer greater than 1.

26. The communication method according to claim 25, wherein the electrical physical resources corresponding to the N first optical signals transmitted by the N transmitters are the same; the converting N paths of first optical signals sent by the N transmitters into N paths of first electrical signals includes:

for each of the N first electrical signals, modulating the first electrical signal on a corresponding electrical physical resource to obtain a modulated first electrical signal; the electrical physical resources corresponding to different modulated first electrical signals are different.

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