CN115208012B - An energy management method for high-power pulse load energy storage system of more-electric aircraft based on fuzzy control - Google Patents
An energy management method for high-power pulse load energy storage system of more-electric aircraft based on fuzzy control Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1C=CC(C(O)=O)=C[C@H]1O HEZMWWAKWCSUCB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101000827703 Homo sapiens Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于多电飞机能量管理技术领域，具体为一种多电飞机上大功率脉冲负载的复合储能系统的能量管理方法。The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy management of more-electric aircraft, and specifically relates to an energy management method for a composite energy storage system of a high-power pulse load on a more-electric aircraft.
背景技术Background technique
大功率脉冲负载接入飞机电力系统的瞬间，会造成输出电压的瞬间突变，干扰飞机上其他负载的正常运行，给系统带来较大的冲击。同时由于脉冲性负载在突变瞬间的峰值功率很高，传统的电源系统很难维持输出电压的稳定。因此为保证电力系统的可靠性、稳定性和经济性，可以选择由蓄电池和超级电容构成的复合电源用作机载储能。蓄电池具有大电流充放电的能力，但实现高峰值功率对电池容量需求很大，会大大增加飞机重量。而超级电容器能满足高峰值功率的需求，但是其能量密度较低。锂电池和超级电容结合的复合电源同时具备高功率密度和高能量密度的双重优势，以此来降低脉冲负载对电力系统的危害，维持系统的安全性。When a high-power pulse load is connected to the aircraft power system, it will cause an instantaneous mutation in the output voltage, interfere with the normal operation of other loads on the aircraft, and bring a greater impact to the system. At the same time, due to the high peak power of the pulse load at the moment of mutation, it is difficult for the traditional power supply system to maintain the stability of the output voltage. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability, stability and economy of the power system, a composite power supply composed of batteries and supercapacitors can be selected as airborne energy storage. Batteries have the ability to charge and discharge with large currents, but the realization of high peak power requires a large battery capacity, which will greatly increase the weight of the aircraft. Supercapacitors can meet the needs of high peak power, but their energy density is low. The composite power supply combining lithium batteries and supercapacitors has the dual advantages of high power density and high energy density, thereby reducing the harm of pulse loads to the power system and maintaining the safety of the system.
混合储能系统控制策略是复合电源系统能量管理的核心之一，好的控制策略可以更好地控制各能量单元间的功率分配，提升系统的工作性能。针对锂电池-超级电容储能系统的能量管理目标主要包括两个方面：一方面是考虑大功率脉冲负载加入时的功率突变，合理分配超级电容和锂电池的功率流；另一方面是考虑锂电池和超级电容的SOC对控制策略的影响，从而最大化的减少储能系统的寿命衰减。模糊控制技术在混合动力汽车上模糊规则已经得到了测试和验证，并正在发展到航空领域。模糊规则的确立不依托于明确的数值或方程，脱离了系统模型精确性的束缚，因此被广泛应用于对不确定系统和非线性系统的优化控制中。模糊控制主要应对锂电池和超级电容的功率分配，于是采取过充过放保护技术辅助模糊控制对锂电池和超级电容的SOC进行控制。The control strategy of the hybrid energy storage system is one of the cores of the energy management of the composite power system. A good control strategy can better control the power distribution between each energy unit and improve the working performance of the system. The energy management objectives of the lithium battery-supercapacitor energy storage system mainly include two aspects: on the one hand, considering the power mutation when the high-power pulse load is added, and reasonably distributing the power flow of the supercapacitor and the lithium battery; on the other hand, considering the influence of the SOC of the lithium battery and the supercapacitor on the control strategy, so as to minimize the life decay of the energy storage system. Fuzzy control technology has been tested and verified in hybrid electric vehicles, and is developing into the aviation field. The establishment of fuzzy rules does not rely on clear numerical values or equations, and is free from the constraints of the accuracy of the system model. Therefore, it is widely used in the optimization control of uncertain systems and nonlinear systems. Fuzzy control mainly deals with the power distribution of lithium batteries and supercapacitors, so overcharge and over-discharge protection technology is adopted to assist fuzzy control to control the SOC of lithium batteries and supercapacitors.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是，提出一种新型的基于模糊控制的多电飞机上大功率负载复合储能系统能量管理方法。本策略将负载功率需求，锂电池和超级电容的SOC作为模糊控制的输入，制定相应的推理规则，选择合适的推理方法和去模糊化方法来实现两种储能元件输出功率的模糊控制。模糊控制器生成的控制信号再经SOC限流模块调节，防止出现过充过放现象。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a novel energy management method for a high-power load composite energy storage system on a multi-electric aircraft based on fuzzy control. This strategy takes the load power demand, the SOC of the lithium battery and the supercapacitor as the input of the fuzzy control, formulates corresponding inference rules, and selects appropriate inference methods and defuzzification methods to realize the fuzzy control of the output power of the two energy storage elements. The control signal generated by the fuzzy controller is then adjusted by the SOC current limiting module to prevent overcharging and over-discharging.
首先建立复合储能系统功率的模糊控制器，采用Mamdani型推理方法能根据设定的推理规则实现从输入到输出的准确的推理计算，得到输出量的模糊集合，继而采用P-重心法对输出量进行解模糊化处理，即考虑非最大隶属度点的影响，又突出最大隶属点的作用，从而很好地应对大功率脉冲负载引起的高峰值功率瞬时突变，提高系统母线电压在不确定情况下的稳定性。Firstly, a fuzzy controller for the power of the composite energy storage system is established. The Mamdani-type reasoning method can realize accurate reasoning calculation from input to output according to the set reasoning rules, and obtain the fuzzy set of the output quantity. Then, the P-center of gravity method is used to defuzzify the output quantity, that is, the influence of non-maximum membership points is considered, and the role of the maximum membership point is highlighted, so as to cope with the instantaneous mutation of high peak power caused by high-power pulse load well and improve the stability of the system bus voltage under uncertain conditions.
再判断锂电池和超级电容的SOC是否能满足当前负载功率需求，使系统在锂电池和超级电容的SOC处于所设置的警戒区和危险区时及时进行干预，修正模糊控制器传来的控制信号，延长锂电池和超级电容的工作寿命。Then determine whether the SOC of the lithium battery and supercapacitor can meet the current load power demand, so that the system can intervene in time when the SOC of the lithium battery and supercapacitor is in the set warning zone and danger zone, correct the control signal from the fuzzy controller, and extend the working life of the lithium battery and supercapacitor.
具体的，本发明提出一种基于模糊控制的多电飞机上大功率脉冲负载复合储能系统能量管理方法，上述策略包括以下步骤：Specifically, the present invention proposes an energy management method for a high-power pulse load composite energy storage system on a more-electric aircraft based on fuzzy control. The above strategy includes the following steps:
步骤S1.获取储能系统的负载功率需求，锂电池和超级电容的SOC作为模糊控制的输入量。然后以三角形和梯形函数设计隶属度函数，对输入量进行模糊化。Step S1. Obtain the load power demand of the energy storage system, and the SOC of the lithium battery and supercapacitor as the input of the fuzzy control. Then design the membership function with triangular and trapezoidal functions to fuzzify the input.
步骤S2.设置锂电池放电功率需求阈值，在放电模式下当功率需求不大于所述阈值时，锂电池放电；反之则锂电池和超级电容共同放电；同时，根据锂电池和超级电容的SOC状态调整他们各自功率输出等控制逻辑来设置推理规则。Step S2. Set the lithium battery discharge power demand threshold. In the discharge mode, when the power demand is not greater than the threshold, the lithium battery discharges; otherwise, the lithium battery and the supercapacitor discharge together; at the same time, adjust their respective power output and other control logics according to the SOC status of the lithium battery and the supercapacitor to set the inference rules.
步骤S3.采用Mamdani型推理方法，令模糊集合A＝负载功率，B1＝锂电池SOC，B2＝超级电容SOC，C＝超级电容的分配系数，设隶属度函数为uC(z)，推理过程：Step S3. Using the Mamdani-type reasoning method, let the fuzzy set A = load power, B 1 = lithium battery SOC, B 2 = supercapacitor SOC, C = supercapacitor distribution coefficient, and let the membership function be u C (z), reasoning process:
根据Mamdani模糊关系的定义，有：According to the definition of Mamdani fuzzy relations, we have:
式中，表示模糊关系，表达式的含义为笛卡尔积(取小)。In the formula, Represents a fuzzy relationship, and the meaning of the expression is the smaller Cartesian product.
此时则有At this time there is
其中A*、B1 *、B2 *表示既定事实，C*表示推理结果；是A∩A*隶属度函数的最大值，表示A*对A的适配度。/>和/>含义类似，分别表示B1 *对B1的适配度和B2 *对B2的适配度。Among them, A * , B1 * , and B2 * represent established facts, and C * represents the result of reasoning; It is the maximum value of the membership function A∩A * , indicating the fitness of A * to A. /> and/> The meanings are similar, indicating the fitness of B1 * to B1 and the fitness of B2 * to B2 respectively.
步骤S4.采用P-重心法作为去模糊化的方式，将模糊推理出的结果还原回单值。P-重心法的清晰值用dfp(z)表示Step S4: Use the P-centroid method as a defuzzification method to convert the fuzzy inference result Restore the single value. The clarity value of the P-centroid method is represented by df p (z)
其中p一般在[2,5]之间取值，为最大突出度。Here, p is generally between [2,5], which is the maximum prominence.
由此得到超级电容模块的分配系数，并据此计算出锂电池模块的分配系数，转换为超级电容和锂电池的电流参考量输送给SOC限流模块。The distribution coefficient of the supercapacitor module is obtained, and the distribution coefficient of the lithium battery module is calculated based on this, which is converted into current reference quantities of the supercapacitor and lithium battery and transmitted to the SOC current limiting module.
步骤S6，判断锂电池和超级电容当前的SOC值所处的区域，对各自的电流参考值进行相应的调节。最终所得的锂电池电流参考值与电流反馈值进行比较得到电流偏差信号，偏差信号经PI调节后，与载波相比较生成PWM波对和锂电池相连的双向DCDC变换器进行控制；所得的超级电容电流参考值与电流反馈值进行比较比较得到电流偏差信号，偏差信号经PI调节后，与载波相比较生成PWM波对和超级电容相连的双向DCDC变换器进行控制。Step S6, determine the area where the current SOC value of the lithium battery and the supercapacitor is located, and adjust the respective current reference values accordingly. The final lithium battery current reference value is compared with the current feedback value to obtain a current deviation signal, and the deviation signal is PI-adjusted and compared with the carrier to generate a PWM wave to control the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the lithium battery; the obtained supercapacitor current reference value is compared with the current feedback value to obtain a current deviation signal, and the deviation signal is PI-adjusted and compared with the carrier to generate a PWM wave to control the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the supercapacitor.
进一步地，当超级电容或锂电池的荷电状态进入放电警戒区或者充电警戒区，其放电电流参考值或者充电电流参考数将会被相应地减小。Furthermore, when the charge state of the supercapacitor or the lithium battery enters the discharge warning zone or the charge warning zone, the discharge current reference value or the charge current reference value thereof will be reduced accordingly.
式中Ibattref、ISCref分别为锂电池和超级电容的参考电流；kbatt、kSC分别为锂电池和超级电容模块的功率分配系数；αch、αdisch分别是锂电池在充电和放电状态下电流的减小系数；βch、βdisch分别是超级电容在充电和放电状态下电流的减小系数；Vb、VSC别为锂电池和超级电容的端口电压；Pload为负载需求功率。Where I battref and I SCref are the reference currents of the lithium battery and supercapacitor respectively; k batt and k SC are the power allocation coefficients of the lithium battery and supercapacitor modules respectively; α ch and α disch are the current reduction coefficients of the lithium battery in the charging and discharging states respectively; β ch and β disch are the current reduction coefficients of the supercapacitor in the charging and discharging states respectively; V b and V SC are the port voltages of the lithium battery and supercapacitor respectively; and P load is the load demand power.
进一步地，当超级电容或锂电池进入放电禁止区或者充电禁止区时，超级电容或锂离子电池电流参考值减小至0，即停止放电或者充电。Furthermore, when the supercapacitor or lithium battery enters the discharge forbidden area or the charge forbidden area, the supercapacitor or lithium battery current reference value is reduced to 0, that is, the discharge or charging is stopped.
进一步地，最终所得的Ibattref与锂电池电流反馈值进行比较得到电流偏差信号，偏差信号经PI调节后，与载波相比较生成PWM波对和锂电池相连的双向DCDC变换器进行控制；所得的ISCref与超级电容电流反馈值进行比较比较得到电流偏差信号，偏差信号经PI调节后，与载波相比较生成PWM波对和超级电容相连的双向DCDC变换器进行控制。Furthermore, the final I battref is compared with the lithium battery current feedback value to obtain a current deviation signal, and the deviation signal is PI-adjusted and compared with the carrier to generate a PWM wave to control the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the lithium battery; the obtained I SCref is compared with the supercapacitor current feedback value to obtain a current deviation signal, and the deviation signal is PI-adjusted and compared with the carrier to generate a PWM wave to control the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the supercapacitor.
进一步的，锂电池放电功率需求阈值为30kw。Furthermore, the lithium battery discharge power requirement threshold is 30kw.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
本发明实现了基于模糊控制的机载复合储能系统能量管理方法，实现了对大功率脉冲负载的高效供能，进一步满足多电飞机对机载设备小型化，轻量化的要求。The present invention realizes an energy management method for an airborne composite energy storage system based on fuzzy control, realizes efficient energy supply for high-power pulse loads, and further meets the requirements of more-electric aircraft for miniaturization and lightweight of airborne equipment.
本发明实现了对锂电池和超级电容过充过放保护，最大化的减少锂电池和超级电容的寿命衰减，延长储能系统的工作寿命。The present invention realizes overcharge and over-discharge protection for lithium batteries and supercapacitors, minimizes the life attenuation of lithium batteries and supercapacitors, and prolongs the working life of the energy storage system.
本发明提出的能量管理方法也可以用于其他机载设备的复合储能系统。The energy management method proposed in the present invention can also be used in composite energy storage systems of other airborne equipment.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:
图1为本发明复合储能系统控制框图。FIG1 is a control block diagram of the composite energy storage system of the present invention.
图2为本发明模糊逻辑系统推理结构图。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the reasoning structure of the fuzzy logic system of the present invention.
图3为本发明复合储能系统等效模型图。FIG3 is an equivalent model diagram of the composite energy storage system of the present invention.
图4为本发明模糊逻辑隶属度函数，(a)对应负载功率，(b)和(c)分别对应锂电池和超级电容的SOC。FIG4 is a fuzzy logic membership function of the present invention, where (a) corresponds to the load power, and (b) and (c) correspond to the SOC of the lithium battery and supercapacitor, respectively.
图5为本发明模糊规则表。FIG5 is a fuzzy rule table of the present invention.
图6为本发明模糊控制模块仿真模型。FIG6 is a simulation model of the fuzzy control module of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本发明提出根据多电飞机的复合储能系统建立的控制模块的框图如图1所示，核心是由模糊控制器构成的功率分配模块。模糊控制器根据图2所示的模糊逻辑系统推理结构建立，其计算结果又经过SOC限流模块调节，最终生成的PWM波信号控制与锂电池和超级电容各自相连的双向DCDC变换器来实现复合储能间功率流的控制。下面进行详细说明：The block diagram of the control module established according to the composite energy storage system of the multi-electric aircraft proposed in the present invention is shown in FIG1 , and the core is a power distribution module composed of a fuzzy controller. The fuzzy controller is established according to the fuzzy logic system reasoning structure shown in FIG2 , and its calculation result is adjusted by the SOC current limiting module, and the PWM wave signal finally generated controls the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the lithium battery and the supercapacitor to realize the control of the power flow between the composite energy storage. The following is a detailed description:
多电飞机上的大功率脉冲负载复合储能系统由锂电池、超级电容、双向DCDC变换器和控制器构成，如图3所示。超级电容与锂离子电池分别通过双向DC-DC变换器与直流母线并联，储能系统根据直流母线电流方向来判断当前处于充电/放电模式，根据直流母线电压Udc的变化来对两种储能元件进行控制。控制器的电压外环用于维持270V直流电压的稳定，电流内环用于控制电流以调节锂电池和超级电容的输出功率。The high-power pulse load composite energy storage system on the more-electric aircraft consists of lithium batteries, supercapacitors, bidirectional DCDC converters and controllers, as shown in Figure 3. The supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries are connected in parallel to the DC bus through bidirectional DC-DC converters. The energy storage system determines the current charging/discharging mode based on the DC bus current direction and controls the two energy storage elements based on the changes in the DC bus voltage U dc . The controller's voltage outer loop is used to maintain the stability of the 270V DC voltage, and the current inner loop is used to control the current to adjust the output power of the lithium battery and supercapacitor.
一种多电飞机上大功率脉冲负载复合储能系统的能量管理方法具体实现步骤为：The specific implementation steps of an energy management method for a high-power pulse load composite energy storage system on a more-electric aircraft are as follows:
输入量的模糊化和模糊规则表的建立Fuzzification of input quantity and establishment of fuzzy rule table
首先，确定负载功率的论域为X＝{-100，0，100，200，300，400，500，600}，超级电容SOC和锂电池SOC的论域均为Y＝{0，20，40，60，80，100}，以三角形和梯形函数设计图4中的隶属度函数，将负载功率，锂电池SOC，超级电容SOC根据其中相应的隶属度函数进行模糊化。First, the domain of load power is determined to be X={-100, 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600}, and the domain of supercapacitor SOC and lithium battery SOC are both Y={0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100}. The membership function in Figure 4 is designed with triangular and trapezoidal functions, and the load power, lithium battery SOC, and supercapacitor SOC are fuzzy according to the corresponding membership functions.
设置锂电池放电功率需求阈值，在放电模式下当功率需求不大于所述阈值时，锂电池放电；反之则锂电池和超级电容共同放电；同时，根据锂电池和超级电容的SOC状态调整它们各自功率输出等控制逻辑来设置推理规则，形成如图5所示的模糊规则表。锂电池放电功率需求阈值为30kw。The lithium battery discharge power requirement threshold is set. In the discharge mode, when the power requirement is not greater than the threshold, the lithium battery is discharged; otherwise, the lithium battery and the supercapacitor are discharged together; at the same time, the control logic such as the power output of the lithium battery and the supercapacitor is adjusted according to their SOC states to set the inference rules, forming a fuzzy rule table as shown in Figure 5. The lithium battery discharge power requirement threshold is 30kw.
采用Mamdani型推理方法进行模糊推理，采用重心法作为去模糊化的方法Mamdani-type reasoning method is used for fuzzy reasoning, and centroid method is used as defuzzification method
取超级电容分配系数的论域Z＝{0，0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5，0.6，0.7，0.8，0.9，1}，令模糊集合A＝负载功率，B1＝锂电池SOC，B2＝超级电容SOC，C＝超级电容的分配系数，设步骤一中设计的隶属度函数为uC(z)，推理过程：Take the domain of supercapacitor allocation coefficient Z = {0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1}, let the fuzzy set A = load power, B 1 = lithium battery SOC, B 2 = supercapacitor SOC, C = supercapacitor allocation coefficient, and let the membership function designed in step 1 be u C (z), reasoning process:
根据Mamdani模糊关系的定义，有：According to the definition of Mamdani fuzzy relations, we have:
式中，表示模糊关系，表达式的含义为笛卡尔积(取小)。In the formula, Represents a fuzzy relationship, and the meaning of the expression is the smaller Cartesian product.
此时则有At this time there is
其中A*、B1 *、B2 *表示既定事实，在本发明中均为精确量，C*表示推理结果；是A∩A*隶属度函数的最大值，表示A*对A的适配度。/>和/>含义类似，分别表示B1 *对B1的适配度和B2 *对B2的适配度。/>被称为模糊规则的激励强度，表示模糊规则的前件部分被满足的程度。推理结果C*的隶属度函数是模糊集合C的隶属度函数被激励强度ω，/>截切后的结果Wherein A * , B1 * , B2 * represent established facts, which are all precise quantities in the present invention, and C * represents the inference result; It is the maximum value of the membership function A∩A * , indicating the fitness of A * to A. /> and/> The meanings are similar, indicating the fitness of B1 * to B1 and the fitness of B2 * to B2 . /> It is called the excitation strength of the fuzzy rule, which indicates the degree to which the antecedent of the fuzzy rule is satisfied. The membership function of the inference result C * is the excitation strength ω of the membership function of the fuzzy set C,/> The result after truncation
然后采用重力重心作为去模糊化的方式，将模糊推理出的结果还原回单值，采用P-重心法作为去模糊化的方式，将模糊推理出的结果/>还原回单值。P-重心法的清晰值用dfp(z)表示Then the gravity center is used as a defuzzification method to convert the fuzzy inference result Restore the single value and use the P-center of gravity method as the defuzzification method to convert the fuzzy inference result into Restore the single value. The clarity value of the P-centroid method is represented by df p (z)
其中p一般在[2,5]之间取值，为最大突出度。Here, p is generally between [2,5], which is the maximum prominence.
由此得到超级电容模块的分配系数ksc＝dfp(z)，并据此计算出锂电池模块的分配系数kbatt，转换为超级电容和锂电池的电流参考量输送给SOC限流模块。Thus, the distribution coefficient k sc =df p (z) of the supercapacitor module is obtained, and the distribution coefficient k batt of the lithium battery module is calculated accordingly, converted into current reference quantities of the supercapacitor and the lithium battery, and transmitted to the SOC current limiting module.
设置储能系统的过充过放保护环节Set up overcharge and overdischarge protection for energy storage system
将锂电池和超级电容的SOC工作区间依据各自特性，划分的5个区域具体划分为：The SOC working range of lithium batteries and supercapacitors is divided into five areas according to their respective characteristics:
锂电池的工作区间：Working range of lithium battery:
超级电容的工作区间：Working range of supercapacitor:
当超级电容或锂电池的荷电状态进入放电警戒区或者充电警戒区，其放电电流参考值或者充电电流参考数将会被相应地减小。When the charge state of the supercapacitor or lithium battery enters the discharge warning zone or the charge warning zone, the discharge current reference value or the charge current reference value will be reduced accordingly.
式中Ibattref、ISCref分别为锂电池和超级电容的参考电流；kbatt、kSC分别为锂电池和超级电容模块的功率分配系数；αch、αdisch分别是锂电池在充电和放电状态下电流的减小系数；βch、βdisch分别是超级电容在充电和放电状态下电流的减小系数；Vb、VSC别为锂电池和超级电容的端口电压；Pload为负载需求功率。Where I battref and I SCref are the reference currents of the lithium battery and supercapacitor respectively; k batt and k SC are the power allocation coefficients of the lithium battery and supercapacitor modules respectively; α ch and α disch are the current reduction coefficients of the lithium battery in the charging and discharging states respectively; β ch and β disch are the current reduction coefficients of the supercapacitor in the charging and discharging states respectively; V b and V SC are the port voltages of the lithium battery and supercapacitor respectively; and P load is the load demand power.
当超级电容或锂电池进入放电禁止区或者充电禁止区时，超级电容或锂离子电池电流参考值减小至0，即停止放电或者充电。When the supercapacitor or lithium battery enters the discharging forbidden area or the charging forbidden area, the supercapacitor or lithium battery current reference value is reduced to 0, that is, discharging or charging is stopped.
最终所得的Ibattref与锂电池电流反馈值进行比较得到电流偏差信号，偏差信号经PI调节后，与载波相比较生成PWM波对和锂电池相连的双向DCDC变换器进行控制；所得的ISCref与超级电容电流反馈值进行比较比较得到电流偏差信号，偏差信号经PI调节后，与载波相比较生成PWM波对和超级电容相连的双向DCDC变换器进行控制The final I battref is compared with the lithium battery current feedback value to obtain a current deviation signal. After the deviation signal is adjusted by PI, it is compared with the carrier to generate a PWM wave to control the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the lithium battery; the obtained I SCref is compared with the supercapacitor current feedback value to obtain a current deviation signal. After the deviation signal is adjusted by PI, it is compared with the carrier to generate a PWM wave to control the bidirectional DCDC converter connected to the supercapacitor
图6为本发明模糊控制模块仿真模型，基于附图6的模型进行仿真，能够实现对本发明的所述多电飞机大功率脉冲负载储能系统的能量管理方法的验证。FIG6 is a simulation model of the fuzzy control module of the present invention. Simulation based on the model of FIG6 can verify the energy management method of the high-power pulse load energy storage system of the multi-electric aircraft of the present invention.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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