CN115212454A - Fast enhancing device and method for procedural memory - Google Patents
Fast enhancing device and method for procedural memory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of transcranial direct current stimulation, in particular to a device and a method for quickly enhancing procedural memory, which realize quick coding of hand refined procedural memory during memory learning and effective consolidation of procedural memory during sleep. The scheme comprises the following steps: the device comprises a control unit, a first acquisition unit, a first stimulation unit, a second acquisition unit and a second stimulation unit; the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring cerebellum electroencephalogram signals of an individual in a non-sleep state; the first stimulation unit is used for electrically stimulating the cerebellum in the memory exercise process; the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring electroencephalogram data of the individual sleep state; the second stimulation unit is used for releasing the stimulation signal during the sleep period; the control unit is used for communicating with an external mobile terminal, receiving and transmitting signals acquired by the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and controlling the first stimulation unit and the second stimulation unit according to user instructions and signal characteristics. The invention is suitable for assisting the rapid enhancement of human brain procedural memory.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of transcranial direct current stimulation, in particular to a device and a method for quickly enhancing procedural memory.
Background
The long-term memory of the human brain is divided into two main categories, namely declarative memory and procedural memory, wherein the procedural memory is the memory of some procedural processes, such as riding a bicycle, driving a car, swimming and the like. Such memories are characterized by difficulty in forgetting once remembered, being controlled primarily by the primary motor cortex and cerebellum of the brain. Actions such as playing a piano and practicing calligraphy, which require speed, strength and accuracy, belong to programmed memory with higher fineness, the memory begins to disappear soon after the exercise is stopped, and more memory is forgotten along with the time extension. Among them, the larger the difference, the more intermittent and the faster the action requiring fine tuning is forgotten. This refined procedural memory often requires a lot of exercise to reach a level of proficiency. The cerebellum is located behind the cerebral hemisphere, covers the pons and the medulla oblongata, and spans between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata. It is generally thought that the cerebellum is mainly involved in the regulation of body balance and muscle tone (muscle tone), and the coordination of voluntary movements.
At present, no regulation and control technology aiming at the rapid improvement of the programmed memory of the human brain exists. Fast coding of hand refinement procedural memory during memory learning and efficient consolidation of procedural memory during sleep are not achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for quickly enhancing the procedural memory, which realize quick coding of hand refined procedural memory during memory learning and effective consolidation of the procedural memory during auxiliary sleep.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the aim, and the device for quickly enhancing the procedural memory comprises: the device comprises a control unit, a first acquisition unit, a first stimulation unit, a second acquisition unit and a second stimulation unit;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring cerebellum electroencephalogram signals of an individual in a non-sleep state;
the first stimulation unit is used for electrically stimulating the cerebellum in the memory exercise process;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring electroencephalogram data of an individual sleeping state;
the second stimulation unit is used for releasing a stimulation signal during sleep;
the control unit is used for communicating with an external mobile terminal, receiving and transmitting signals acquired by the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and controlling the first stimulation unit and the second stimulation unit according to user instructions and signal characteristics.
Furthermore, the first acquisition unit is a polymer electroencephalogram dry electrode, is right opposite to the back of the cerebellar cortex and is used for acquiring cerebellar electroencephalogram signals when an individual is in a non-sleep state.
Furthermore, the first stimulation unit is composed of an anode and two cathodes, the anode is an annular sponge electrode and surrounds the periphery of the first acquisition unit, and the cathodes are sponge ellipsoids and are positioned below cheekbones on two sides of the face.
Furthermore, the second acquisition unit consists of a pair of polymer electroencephalogram dry electrodes which are respectively positioned at the P3 and P4 positions of the 10-20 international standard lead system and used for acquiring electroencephalogram data of the individual sleep state.
Further, the second stimulation unit is composed of a pair of ear-hanging earphones, and the ear-hanging earphones are respectively positioned on two sides of two ears and used for releasing stimulation signals to stimulate and promote the sleep of an individual to be consolidated during the sleep.
The method for quickly enhancing the procedural memory comprises an exercise mode and a sleep mode, wherein the exercise mode specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, when the exercise mode is used for the first time, initial setting is carried out; the initial setting specifically includes: after the enhancement device is worn, an external mobile terminal sends an initial setting signal to a control unit of the enhancement device, the control unit commands a first acquisition unit to start acquiring signals, the acquisition of electroencephalogram signals in a first time rest state is carried out, and a first parameter is automatically calculated according to the electroencephalogram signals;
step 2, after the initial setting is finished, the user selects and enters an exercise mode;
step 3, the control unit controls the first acquisition unit to start acquiring the electroencephalogram signals, and the acquisition time is second time;
step 4, the control unit analyzes the signal with the acquisition time as second time to obtain a second parameter;
step 5, the control unit compares and analyzes the second parameter and the first parameter, if the second parameter and the first parameter meet the stimulation condition, the step 6 is carried out, otherwise, the step 3 is carried out;
step 6, the first acquisition unit stops acquiring the electroencephalogram signals, and the first stimulation unit performs electrical stimulation for a third time;
and 7, after the stimulation is finished, closing the first stimulation unit for a second time, and returning to the step 3.
Further, in step 6, the electrical stimulation specifically includes:
performing anode transcranial direct current stimulation, wherein when the electrical stimulation is started, the stimulation current intensity is increased to a preset intensity from 0 after a set time; when the electrical stimulation is finished, the stimulation current intensity is reduced to 0 from the preset intensity after the set time.
Further, in step 2, before entering the practice mode, the user is reminded to perform corresponding exercises, wherein the exercises comprise piano playing and calligraphy exercises.
Further, in step 1, before entering the initial setting, the user is reminded to keep a resting state, that is, a relaxed state in which the head and the body are kept still and eyes are closed.
Further, in step 5, the stimulation condition is that the second parameter is greater than or equal to n times of the first parameter, and n is greater than 1.
Further, the sleep mode specifically includes:
s1, a user selects and enters a sleep mode;
s2, the control unit controls the second acquisition unit to start acquiring electroencephalogram signals;
s3, the control unit analyzes the acquired electroencephalogram signals in real time to obtain a third parameter;
s4, judging whether the third parameter meets the stimulation condition or not by the control unit, if so, entering the step S5, and otherwise, returning to the step S2;
s5, starting sound stimulation by the second stimulation unit, wherein the stimulation time is fourth time;
step S6, after the stimulation is finished, the process returns to step S2.
Further, in step S2, after the second acquisition unit starts acquiring the electroencephalogram signal, the acquisition process continues without interruption until the sleep mode is turned off.
Further, the specific method for obtaining the third parameter comprises the step of processing and counting the number of spindle waves within the set threshold time by a background algorithm, wherein the sampling frequency is the set frequency.
Further, in step S4, the stimulation condition is that the number of spindle waves within a set threshold time reaches a set threshold number.
Further, in step S5, the sound stimulation is pink noise stimulation, and when the electrical stimulation is started, the stimulation current intensity is increased from 0 to a predetermined sound pressure level after a set time; at the end of the electrical stimulation, the stimulation current intensity is decreased from a predetermined sound pressure level to 0 after a set time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the neural mechanism of the memory coding and consolidation process is combined to regulate and control the refined procedural memory capacity, so that the reliability is high;
the electrical stimulation and the sound stimulation are combined, the stimulation is applied according to different characteristics of the processes of refining the programmed memory coding and consolidating, and the pertinence is strong;
the closed-loop technology combining electroencephalogram acquisition and regulation is adopted, accurate regulation and control are carried out on the signal intensity of different individuals and the real-time state of the brain, and the closed-loop technology is high in flexibility and good in effectiveness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first configuration of a reinforcing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the reinforcing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration of an enhancement device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of initial setup provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an exercise mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a sleep mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawing, 101 is a first acquisition unit, 102 is a second acquisition unit, 201-1 is an anode of the first stimulation unit, 201-2 is a cathode of the first stimulation unit, and 202 is the second stimulation unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive nerve regulation and control technology which utilizes low-intensity direct current (generally 0-2 mA) to stimulate a target region of a cerebral cortex, regulate excitability of cerebral cortical neurons, regulate brain wave rhythm, promote nerve remodeling and repair and improve cerebral blood supply. The positive electrode tDCS increases the excitability of the cerebellum, while the negative electrode tDCS decreases its excitability. The cerebellum anode tDCS improves the target acquisition and the exercise adaptability. And secondly, cerebellum anodal electrostimulation can promote the fine control of the human to the finger strength, and the time and the accuracy rate of maintaining the fine motor ability are improved.
Sleep plays a key role in the process of procedural memory consolidation, during sleep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep, slow oscillations, spindles, hippocampal spikes are involved in the transfer and integration of recently encoded and temporarily stored information in the hippocampus, transforming it into long-term memory stored in the neocortex. And applying a pink noise stimulus during sleep spindles can enhance the consolidation of procedural memory.
Based on this, the device for quickly enhancing the procedural memory of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, comprises: the stimulation device comprises a control unit, a collection unit 1 (namely a first collection unit 101), a stimulation unit 1 (namely a first stimulation unit 201), a collection unit 2 (namely a second collection unit 102) and a stimulation unit 2 (namely a second stimulation unit 202);
the control unit is used for communicating with the mobile phone APP, receiving and transmitting the signals acquired by the acquisition unit and sending instructions to the stimulation unit according to user instructions and signal characteristics;
in one embodiment of the invention, the acquisition unit 1 is a polymer electroencephalogram dry electrode, has the diameter of 0.8cm, is right opposite to the back of a cerebellar cortex and is used for acquiring cerebellar electroencephalogram signals when an individual wakes up;
the stimulation unit 1 is used for electrically stimulating the cerebellum in the memory exercise process and comprises an anode 201-1 and two cathodes 201-2, wherein the anode 201-1 is an annular sponge electrode and surrounds the periphery of the acquisition unit 1, the inner diameter is 1cm, the outer diameter is 2cm, and the cathodes 201-2 are positioned 1cm below cheekbones on two sides of a human face and are sponge ellipsoids with the diameter of 2 cm;
the acquisition unit 2 consists of a pair of polymer electroencephalogram dry electrodes, has the diameter of 0.8cm, is respectively positioned at the P3 and P4 positions of a 10-20 international standard lead system, and is mainly used for acquiring electroencephalogram data of an individual sleep state;
the stimulation unit 2 is mainly composed of a pair of ear-hanging earphones, is respectively positioned at two sides of two ears, and is mainly used for playing sound stimulation during sleep to promote sleep consolidation.
On the other hand, the invention provides a quick enhancement method of the procedural memory, which combines the characteristics of the electroencephalogram signal of an individual user and respectively applies corresponding electric and sound stimulation in the memory exercise and sleep processes to accelerate the coding and consolidation of the procedural memory. The enhancement method mainly comprises two stimulation modes, namely an exercise mode and a sleep mode.
The technical scheme of the exercise mode application is as follows:
first, when the user uses the exercise mode of the present invention for the first time, initial setting is required. After the equipment is worn, an APP (application program) end sends an initial setting signal to a device control unit, and the control unit commands the acquisition unit 1 to start signal acquisition and acquire 10-minute resting state electroencephalogram signals. The electroencephalogram signals are uploaded to a background, the first parameters are automatically calculated, and the first parameters are transmitted back to the control unit for storage.
Before the initial setting begins, APP reminds the user to keep a rest state, namely a relaxed state that the head and the body are kept still, closes the eyes and avoids thinking as much as possible.
The first parameter is obtained by processing 10-minute resting state electroencephalogram signals through a background algorithm and calculating, and the average power characteristic of the 10-minute signals is mainly extracted.
When the exercise mode of the invention is used subsequently, the following steps are required: after the user selects the exercise mode through the APP, the control unit commands the acquisition unit 1 to start acquiring electroencephalogram signals, the acquisition time is 15s, and the control unit analyzes the 15s signals in real time to obtain second parameters. The control unit compares the second parameter with the first parameter: if the stimulation conditions are met, the acquisition unit 1 stops acquiring, the stimulation unit 1 performs electrical stimulation for 5 minutes, after the stimulation is finished, the stimulation unit is closed for 15s, and after the 15s is finished, the control unit sends out an instruction to acquire electroencephalogram signals again; if the stimulation condition is not met, no electrical stimulation is carried out, and the acquisition unit 1 continues to acquire the electroencephalogram signals.
Before the exercise mode begins, APP reminds the user to prepare for corresponding exercises, such as piano playing, calligraphy practicing and the like, keeps the sitting posture, and reduces unnecessary shaking of the head.
The second parameter is obtained by processing 15s electroencephalogram signals through a background algorithm and calculating, and average power characteristics of the electroencephalogram signals in a 15s exercise state are mainly extracted.
The stimulation condition is that the second stimulation parameter is greater than or equal to 105% of the first stimulation parameter. The electrical stimulation is anode transcranial direct current stimulation, in order to avoid the pain caused by the electrical stimulation, when the electrical stimulation is started, the stimulation current intensity is gradually increased from 0mA to 2mA at the preset intensity after 15s; at the end of the electrical stimulation, the stimulation current intensity was gradually decreased from a predetermined intensity of 2mA to 0mA over 15 s.
The technical scheme of the application of the sleep mode is as follows:
after the user selects the sleep mode in the APP, the control unit commands the acquisition unit 2 to start acquiring electroencephalogram signals, and the control unit analyzes the signals in real time to obtain a third parameter. The control unit analyzes whether the third parameter meets the stimulation condition: if the stimulation condition is met, the stimulation unit 2 starts sound stimulation, and the stimulation time is 50ms; if the stimulation condition is not satisfied, the sound stimulation is not performed.
Before the sleep mode begins, the APP reminds the user to wear the device and lie in bed to go to sleep.
In the scheme, once the acquisition unit 2 starts acquisition, the acquisition program continues uninterrupted until the sleep mode is turned off.
And the third parameter is processed and counted by a background algorithm, the number of spindle waves in each 5 seconds is counted, and the sampling frequency is 0.5Hz.
The stimulation condition is such that the number of spindle waves in 5 seconds reaches a predetermined critical number (for example, 2 waves per second). The sound stimulation is pink noise stimulation, and when the electric stimulation is started, the stimulation current intensity is gradually increased from 0dB to a preset sound pressure level of 62dB (the sound pressure level is measured by using a B & K2242 sound pressure meter) after 5 ms; at the end of the electrical stimulation, the stimulation current intensity was gradually decreased from a predetermined sound pressure level of 62dB to 0dB over 5 ms.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of initial setting provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4:
s101, after the equipment is worn, an APP terminal sends an initial setting signal to a device control unit;
s102, the control unit commands the acquisition unit 1 to start signal acquisition, electroencephalogram signals in a resting state are acquired for 10 minutes, and the signals are transmitted to the cloud through the control unit;
s103, automatically calculating a first parameter by a background program;
s104, the APP sends a signal, and the first parameter is transmitted back to the control unit to be stored.
After the initialization setting is completed, the exercise mode is started, as shown in fig. 5:
s105, selecting an exercise mode in an APP by a user;
s106, the control unit commands the acquisition unit 1 to start acquiring the electroencephalogram signals, and the acquisition time is 15S;
s107, the control unit analyzes the 15S signal in real time to obtain a second parameter;
s108, the control unit judges whether the stimulation condition is met. If yes, executing S108; if not, returning to execute S106;
S1O9, stopping collecting by the collecting unit 1, and electrically stimulating by the stimulating unit 1 for 5 minutes;
and S110, ending the stimulation of the stimulation unit 1, closing the stimulation unit for 15S, and returning to the step S106.
Wherein the electrical stimulation is anode transcranial direct current stimulation, and in order to avoid the pain caused by the electrical stimulation, the anode current intensity is gradually increased from 0mA to 2mA at the preset intensity after 15s when the electrical stimulation is started; at the end of the electrical stimulation, the stimulation current intensity was gradually decreased from a predetermined intensity of 2mA to 0mA over 15 s. Correspondingly, the two cathode electrodes equally divide the current supplied by the anode, and the current intensity on each electrode is always half of that of the anode.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a sleep mode according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6:
s201, selecting a sleep mode in an APP by a user;
s202, the control unit commands the acquisition unit 2 to start to acquire signals;
s203, the control unit transmits the signal to a cloud end, and a background calculates a third parameter in real time;
s204, the control unit judges whether the stimulation condition is met. If yes, executing S205; otherwise, continuing to execute S202;
s205, the stimulating unit 2 carries out 50ms sound stimulation according to the third parameter;
s206, the stimulation unit 2 ends the stimulation. Return to continue to execute S202.
In conclusion, the hand-held electronic brain-care device can realize quick coding of hand fine procedural memory during memory learning and effective consolidation of the procedural memory during sleeping based on an electroencephalogram acquisition technology, a cerebellum electrical stimulation technology and a sleeping sound stimulation technology, and is suitable for learning musical instruments, practicing calligraphy and other memories requiring speed, strength and accuracy.
Claims (15)
1. A device for rapidly enhancing procedural memory, comprising: the device comprises a control unit, a first acquisition unit, a first stimulation unit, a second acquisition unit and a second stimulation unit;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring cerebellum electroencephalogram signals of an individual in a non-sleep state;
the first stimulation unit is used for electrically stimulating the cerebellum in the memory exercise process;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring electroencephalogram data of an individual sleeping state;
the second stimulation unit is used for releasing a stimulation signal during sleep;
the control unit is used for communicating with an external mobile terminal, receiving and transmitting signals acquired by the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and controlling the first stimulation unit and the second stimulation unit according to user instructions and signal characteristics.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein said first collection unit is a polymer brain dry electrode, located just behind the cerebellar cortex, for collecting cerebellar brain electrical signals of the individual in a non-sleeping state.
3. The device for quickly enhancing procedural memory as recited in claim 1, wherein the first stimulation unit comprises an anode and two cathodes, the anode is an annular sponge electrode surrounding the periphery of the first collection unit, and the cathodes are sponge ellipsoids and located below the zygomatic bones on both sides of the face.
4. The device for rapidly enhancing procedural memory according to claim 1, wherein the second collecting unit is composed of a pair of polymer brain electrical dry electrodes respectively located at positions P3 and P4 of the 10-20 international standard lead system for collecting brain electrical data of individual sleep state.
5. The device for rapidly enhancing procedural memory as recited in claim 1, wherein the second stimulation unit is composed of a pair of ear-hanging earphones respectively located at two sides of two ears for releasing stimulation signals to stimulate the individual to sleep and consolidate the individual during sleep.
6. The method for quickly enhancing the procedural memory is characterized by comprising an exercise mode and a sleep mode, wherein the exercise mode specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, when the exercise mode is used for the first time, initial setting is carried out; the initial setting specifically includes: after the enhancement device is worn, an external mobile terminal sends an initial setting signal to a control unit of the enhancement device, the control unit commands a first acquisition unit to start acquiring signals, the acquisition of electroencephalogram signals in a first time rest state is carried out, and a first parameter is automatically calculated according to the electroencephalogram signals;
step 2, after the initial setting is finished, the user selects and enters an exercise mode;
step 3, the control unit controls the first acquisition unit to start acquiring the electroencephalogram signals, and the acquisition time is second time;
step 4, the control unit analyzes the signal with the acquisition duration being the second time to obtain a second parameter;
step 5, the control unit compares and analyzes the second parameter and the first parameter, if the second parameter and the first parameter meet the stimulation condition, the step 6 is carried out, otherwise, the step 3 is carried out;
step 6, the first acquisition unit stops acquiring the electroencephalogram signals, the first stimulation unit performs electrical stimulation, and the stimulation duration is third time;
and 7, after the stimulation is finished, closing the first stimulation unit for a second time, and returning to the step 3.
7. The method of rapid enhancement of procedural memory as recited in claim 6, wherein in step 6, the electrical stimulation specifically comprises:
performing anode transcranial direct current stimulation, wherein when the electrical stimulation is started, the stimulation current intensity is increased to a preset intensity from 0 after a set time; when the electrical stimulation is finished, the stimulation current intensity is reduced to 0 from the preset intensity after the set time.
8. A method for rapidly enhancing procedural memory according to claim 6, wherein in step 2, before entering the exercise mode, the user is reminded to perform corresponding exercises including piano playing and calligraphy exercises.
9. The method of quickly enhancing procedural memory as recited in claim 6, wherein in step 1, before entering the initial setting, the user is reminded to remain at rest, i.e., a relaxed state in which the head and body remain stationary and eyes are closed.
10. The method of rapidly enhancing procedural memory as recited in claim 6, wherein in step 5, the stimulation condition is that the second parameter is n times or more the first parameter, and n > 1.
11. The method of procedural memory speed enhancement of claim 6, wherein the sleep mode specifically comprises:
s1, a user selects and enters a sleep mode;
s2, the control unit controls the second acquisition unit to start acquiring electroencephalogram signals;
s3, the control unit analyzes the acquired electroencephalogram signals in real time to obtain a third parameter;
s4, the control unit judges whether the third parameter meets the stimulation condition, if so, the step S5 is executed, otherwise, the step S2 is executed;
s5, starting sound stimulation by the second stimulation unit, wherein the stimulation time is fourth time;
step S6, after the stimulation is finished, the process returns to step S2.
12. The method for rapidly enhancing procedural memory as recited in claim 11, wherein in step S2, after the second acquisition unit starts to acquire the electroencephalogram signal, the acquisition process is continued without interruption until the sleep mode is turned off.
13. The method of rapidly enhancing procedural memory as recited in claim 11, wherein the obtaining the third parameter comprises counting a number of spindle waves within a set threshold time by a background algorithm, wherein the sampling frequency is a set frequency.
14. The method for rapidly enhancing a procedural memory according to claim 13, wherein the stimulation condition is that the number of spindle waves within a set threshold time reaches a set threshold number in step S4.
15. The method for rapidly enhancing procedural memory according to claim 11, wherein in step S5, the sound stimulus is pink noise stimulus, and the intensity of the stimulus current is increased from 0 to a predetermined sound pressure level after a set time from the start of the electrical stimulus; at the end of the electrical stimulation, the stimulation current intensity is decreased from a predetermined sound pressure level to 0 after a set time.
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