CN115260019B - Hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone and application thereof in heat conduction operation - Google Patents
Hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone and application thereof in heat conduction operation Download PDFInfo
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- C07C49/04—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C49/175—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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- C07C49/16—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing halogen
- C07C49/167—Saturated compounds containing keto groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing halogen containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/373—Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
- H05K7/20763—Liquid cooling without phase change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The invention discloses hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone and a heat conduction using method thereof. In the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compound, two sides of carbonyl are connected with-CF-groups, and 2 perfluoroalkyl groups or perfluoroalkoxy groups are simultaneously connected to the-CF-groups, as shown in a formula 1. The hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compound has high dielectric strength, low dielectric constant, good hydrolysis resistance and low global warming potential, and is suitable for heat conduction in the fields of electronic power devices, data centers, IGBT, ultra-fast charging piles and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid cooling media, in particular to hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone and application thereof in heat conduction operation.
Background
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, 5G communication, semiconductors and high-power density equipment, electronic equipment becomes smaller and more powerful, but the problems of high energy consumption, inaccurate temperature control and the like are increasingly prominent, and the cooling problem becomes a main factor for restricting the development of the electronic equipment.
Liquid cooling is a good choice for power electronics with high power densities. The liquid cooling system utilizes a circulating pump to ensure that cooling liquid circulates between a heat source and a cold source to exchange heat, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the water cooling plate radiator is extremely high.
Fluorocarbon compounds have high insulation and electromagnetic shielding effects, and thus are widely used in high-voltage and high-power electronic devices. Common heat transfer fluids are fluorocarbons such as perfluorocarbons, perfluoroalkyl amines, perfluoropolyether compounds, which have excellent dielectric properties, however, such perfluorocarbons have a high Global Warming Potential (GWP), have a large impact on weather, and are unsuitable for large-scale use. The fluorochemical thermal transfer fluid has excellent environmental protection properties in addition to the equivalent electric compatibility and safety of the fluorocarbon, and has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 1, which is very advantageous for reducing the greenhouse effect.
Common perfluorinated ketones such as perfluorinated pentanone and perfluorinated hexanone have the properties of high insulativity, incombustibility, non-explosion, green safety and the like, but have strong hydrolyzability and instability, and the hydrolysate is pentafluoropropionic acid, has strong corrosiveness and can bring certain destructiveness to the system, so that the system is limited by certain application. The hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone can effectively reduce the hydrolytic property of the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone and meet the use requirement of heat transfer fluid in the operation of the immersed heat transfer field.
Chinese patent CN112360706B discloses an immersed liquid phase change cooling medium, wherein the cooling component contains perfluorohexanone, and the cooling component has the characteristics of high electrical insulation property, low viscosity, lower boiling point, high gasification latent heat, good compatibility and stability, incombustibility, combustion inhibition, low global warming potential, zero ozone depletion potential, and the like. However, the perfluoro-hexanone, hexafluoropropylene dimer used in this patent is poor in hydrolysis resistance, for example, hydrogen fluoride, and pentafluoropropionic acid are released, and corrosion of important precision parts is caused.
Chinese patent CN101809114B discloses dispersion compositions comprising fluorinated ether fluids, perfluoropolyether dispersants, and fine particles. These dispersion compositions have improved heat transfer characteristics, which can be converted into improved energy efficiency performance in a variety of heat transfer dependent applications. However, the patent uses perfluoropolyether compounds having high Global Warming Potential (GWP) which are detrimental to climate protection.
Chinese patent CN101346335B discloses a fluoroketone compound consisting of two independent terminal branched fluoroalkyl carbonyl or perfluoroalkylcarbonyl groups and an intervening linear perfluoropolyether segment, which compound exhibits a somewhat lower viscosity at low temperatures in product performance, yet the hydrolytic stability is still practically weak, which would cause corrosion of part of the devices, not suitable for use in some equipment where long-term reliability of the fluorine fluid is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The fluorine-containing compounds currently used for heat conduction are generally of several types, such as freon, perfluoroalkyl amine, perfluoroalkane, hydrofluoroether. Among them, freon contains chlorine and bromine, which destroy ozone layer and are forbidden to use. The perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl amine compounds have high dielectric strength and low dielectric constant (Dk) less than 2.0, but have high GWP (global warming potential) which is higher than 10000, and therefore, the perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl amine compounds are unfavorable for climate protection. Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) are non-toxic, nonflammable, but generally have dielectric constants (Dk) greater than 5, which can lead to signal integrity problems in high frequency applications such as data centers, while having low dielectric strength and are unsuitable for contacting electronic equipment.
The invention aims to provide the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone heat conduction liquid which can ensure low dielectric constant and high dielectric strength, meets the hydrolysis stability and low Global Warming Potential (GWP) and can show the comprehensive performance of safety, green and environmental protection in heat conduction working media. The invention provides a hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone heat conduction liquid, wherein both sides of a carbonyl group of a compound are hyperbranched, and the structural formula is shown as formula I:
r in formula I 1 Represents CF 3 、CF 3 O、CF 3 CF 2 、CF 3 CF 2 O、CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 、(CF 3 ) 2 Any one of the CFOs.
The hyperbranched perfluoro ketone is at least one of perfluoro (2, 4-dimethyl-3-pentanone), perfluoro (2-methoxy-4-methyl-3-pentanone), perfluoro (2, 4-dimethyl-3-hexanone), perfluoro (2-ethoxy-4-methyl-3-pentanone), perfluoro (2, 4-dimethyl-3-heptanone), perfluoro (2-isopropoxy-4-methyl-3-pentanone).
In some embodiments, methods of use for heat conduction are provided. The method comprises providing a device and conducting heat to or from the device using a cooling fluid comprising the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone compound as described above.
The heat transfer method of use comprises transferring heat between a heat source device and a heat sink by using a heat transfer fluid comprising at least one hyperbranched perfluorinated ketone compound as described above.
The heat sink is used to transfer heat to the heat source device, and the heat sink comprises a heat transfer fluid of highly branched perfluorinated ketone having the structural formula (I) above.
The heat source device is selected from a microprocessor, a semiconductor wafer, a power semiconductor, a lithium ion battery, a power transformer, a fuel cell and a laser.
In addition, the hyperbranched perfluoroketone of the invention can be used in a number of different applications, including
The heat-conducting device can be used for heat conduction of heat dissipation devices, wherein the devices are selected from microprocessors, power lithium ion batteries, distribution switch gears, power transformers, circuit boards, integrated circuit modules, lasers, inverters, semiconductor special temperature control devices (Chiller) and data center submerged cooling.
The method is characterized in that a server is soaked in an insulated cooling liquid containing hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone, so that the operation of electronic components at a specified temperature can be ensured, and the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone cooling liquid is connected with an external cold source through a pump body to realize heat exchange.
The method is characterized in that a special circulating jacket layer is arranged between the cable and the charging gun, cooling liquid with heat dissipation function and containing the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone is added in the jacket layer, and the cooling liquid with the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone can be pushed to circulate by a liquid pump so as to take heat out.
The method for cooling the IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor ) by using the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone is characterized in that the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone cooling liquid is directly or indirectly contacted with the IGBT module, so that the contact thermal resistance is reduced, and the surface of the IGBT is removed by the contact of the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone cooling liquid.
The method is that the cooling liquid containing the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone is placed in a cooling liquid collecting box in the system, the cooling liquid containing the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone is respectively conveyed into a generator radiator, a gear radiator and a variable frequency radiator by using the power of a pump, and a heating part generates a large amount of heat when the wind driven generator works, and the cooling liquid in the radiator is heated, so that the cooling of the generator set is realized.
The method is characterized in that cooling liquid containing hyperbranched perfluoroketone is placed in a temperature control system, and accurate temperature control is realized through a frequency converter and a PID (Packet Identifier) controller and pump circulation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The hyperbranched perfluoro ketone provided by the invention has the characteristics of low global warming potential (GWP (about 1)), good hydrolysis resistance, high electrical insulation property, low viscosity, low dielectric constant, good compatibility and stability, incombustibility, combustion inhibition and the like.
(2) Compared with the existing fluorocarbon cooling medium, the hyperbranched perfluoroketone provided by the invention has low global warming potential (GWP (apprxeq) 1).
The above summary of the present disclosure is not intended to describe each embodiment of the present disclosure. The details of one or more embodiments in the disclosure are set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the description and claims.
Detailed Description
Hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone compound
The dielectric properties and physicochemical properties of the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone provided by the invention are compared with those of the existing fluorinated liquid, and the dielectric properties and physicochemical properties are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Note that: the method for testing the dielectric constant, the volume resistivity, the dielectric strength and the kinematic viscosity of the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone composition refers to national standard GB/T5654-2007 measurement of relative permittivity, dielectric loss factor and DC resistivity of liquid insulating materials, industry standard DL/T421-2009 determination of volume resistivity of oil for electric power, national standard GB/T507-2002 determination of breakdown voltage of insulating oil, national standard GB/T265-1988 determination of kinematic viscosity of petroleum products and dynamic viscosity calculation method.
1) As can be seen from Table 1, the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone provided by the present invention has excellent dielectric properties, and the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone compound generally exhibits a high volume resistivity (e.g., 10 12 Ω·cm), which makes them extremely suitable for use in fields such as the semiconductor industry.
2) As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the prior art of perfluoroalkyl amine and perfluoropolyether, the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone component of the invention has a GWP value of 1, an extremely low global warming potential and a remarkable environmental protection effect.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific test examples and examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Test example 1:
the physicochemical properties of the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone and the non-hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone provided by the invention are compared, as shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Test example 2:
hydrolysis stability test 1
Examples 1 to 5: the compounds I-V in the table 2 are respectively mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 1:1, after mixing and fully stirring at 25 ℃ for 24 hours and 48 hours respectively, testing the corresponding acidity before and after the experiment, and analyzing the hydrolysis condition of each example. The corresponding test results are shown in Table 3-1.
Comparative examples 1-3: comparative compounds I-III in table 2 were mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1:1, after mixing and fully stirring at 25 ℃ for 24 hours and 48 hours respectively, testing the corresponding acidity before and after the experiment, and analyzing the hydrolysis condition of each example. The corresponding test results are shown in Table 3-1.
Acidity test method (in KOH): firstly, weighing 50 g of ultrapure water drop 2-3 drops of bromothyme blue, and titrating to a bright blue color by using 0.01mol/L potassium hydroxide standard solution; then, 50 g of the sample was weighed and mixed with ultrapure water with a blank removed, and after shaking thoroughly, the mixture was separated by using a separating funnel, the supernatant was removed, titrated to a bright blue color with a 0.01mol/L potassium hydroxide standard solution, and the consumed volume was recorded. The acidity (mg/g) of the sample was calculated according to formula 1, and the results are shown in Table 3-1.
Wherein: a-KOH concentration/(mol/L);
b-volume of KOH consumed/(mL);
M KOH -relative molecular mass of KOH/(g/moL);
m-sample mass/(g).
TABLE 3-1
Hydrolysis stability test 2
Examples 6 to 10: the compounds I-V in the table 2 are respectively mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 1:1, after the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 hour and 5 hours, the corresponding acidity was measured before and after the experiment, and the hydrolysis conditions of each example were analyzed. The corresponding test results are shown in Table 3-2.
Comparative examples 4 to 6: comparative compounds I-III in table 2 were mixed with water in a mass ratio of 1:1, after the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 hour and 5 hours, the corresponding acidity was measured before and after the experiment, and the hydrolysis conditions of each example were analyzed. The corresponding test results are shown in Table 3-2.
TABLE 3-2
As can be seen from tables 3-1 and 3-2, the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compound of the present invention exhibits good hydrolysis resistance; the comparative compounds I-III of the prior art all show a pronounced readily hydrolyzable ability.
Test example 3:
stability test in the Presence of Oxidation agent
To evaluate the oxidation stability, potassium permanganate (20 g, 0.126 mol) was dissolved in acetone, and hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compounds I to V (500 g, 99.9%) of table 2 were added to the resulting solution, respectively, and the solution was refluxed for four hours, indicating that potassium permanganate was not consumed (to be in the absence of brown MnO) 2 As evidence). Followed by water washing, delamination and drying to give 490 g of the product. Gas chromatographic analysis of the product showed that the fluorochemical was not degraded, but the purity was 99.9% with the exception of acetone, i.e., the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone compound was stable in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Application examples
Example 11:
data center temperature controlled cooling
The temperature control and cooling test steps and results of the data center are as follows: in a data center immersed cooling machine table, 200kg of the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compound V is injected into a server integration box to serve as cooling liquid, and is connected to a pump through a cooling liquid outlet and pumped into an external heat exchange system to realize heat exchange. After the heat dissipation cooling liquid is added into the server integrated box, the server integrated box is sealed by adopting a sealing cover. Starting a power supply, running a server, performing related tests on the added hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compound V after 180 days at the temperature of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) of 27-38 ℃, wherein the gas chromatographic purity is still 99.9%, and the acidity is undetected.
Example 12:
semiconductor temperature controlled cooling
The semiconductor temperature-controlled cooling test steps and results are as follows: in the dry etching process of a semiconductor, the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone compound II of the present invention is injected as a cooling liquid into a temperature control device (Chiller) dedicated for a semiconductor by a pump. In the semiconductor processing stage, the heat generated by dry etching chemical reaction on the wafer is brought to a heat exchanger by the circulation of cooling liquid in a special temperature control device (Chiller), and then compressed and refrigerated by a refrigerant. By keying in different parameters, including pump flow rates set at 0.5-2.0 liters/min and outlet pressures of 200-800kPa. The cooling temperature control is stable in the process, the temperature control precision is better than +/-0.5 ℃ under the loading condition, and the temperature can be switched at any working condition of-20 ℃ to 80 ℃.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone is characterized by having the following structural formula:
2. a method of thermally conductive use of the hyperbranched perfluoroketone according to claim 1, wherein: comprising transferring heat between a heat source device and a heat sink by using a heat transfer fluid comprising said hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone compound.
3. A method of using the hyperbranched perfluoroketone according to claim 2 for heat transfer, wherein: the heat sink is used for transferring heat to the heat source device, and the heat sink comprises the heat transfer liquid of the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone.
4. A method of using the heat transfer of the hyperbranched perfluoroketone according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the heat source device is selected from a microprocessor, a semiconductor wafer, a power semiconductor, a lithium ion battery, a power transformer, a fuel cell and a laser.
5. A method of hyperbranched perfluoroketone for data center submerged cooling according to claim 1, wherein: the method is characterized in that a server is soaked in an insulated cooling liquid containing the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone, so that the operation of electronic components at a specified temperature can be ensured, and the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone cooling liquid is connected with an external cold source through a pump body to realize heat exchange.
6. The use of highly branched perfluoroketones according to claim 1 for charging cable cooling of super charging piles, wherein: the method is that a special circulating jacket layer is arranged between the cable and the charging gun, and cooling liquid with heat dissipation function and containing the hyperbranched perfluorinated ketone is added into the jacket layer, so that the cooling liquid of the hyperbranched perfluorinated ketone can be driven to circulate by a liquid pump, and heat is brought out.
7. The use of the hyperbranched perfluoroketone according to claim 1 for cooling IGBTs, characterized in that: the cooling liquid containing the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone is directly or indirectly contacted with the IGBT module, so that the contact thermal resistance is reduced, and the surface of the IGBT is removed through the contact of the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone cooling liquid.
8. The method of hyperbranched perfluoroketone for generator set cooling according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid containing the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone is placed in a cooling liquid collecting box in the system, the cooling liquid containing the hyperbranched perfluoro ketone is respectively conveyed into a generator radiator, a gear radiator and a variable frequency radiator by utilizing the power of a pump, and a heating part generates a large amount of heat when the wind driven generator works to heat the cooling liquid in the radiator, so that the cooling of the generator set is realized.
9. The method for controlling the temperature of an etching substrate for dry etching of a semiconductor according to claim 1, wherein: the hyperbranched perfluoro-ketone cooling liquid is placed in a temperature control system, and is circulated by a pump through a frequency converter and a PID controller, so that accurate temperature control is realized.
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