CN115296025B - Multi-polarization feeding method of ultra-wideband tightly-coupled phased array - Google Patents
Multi-polarization feeding method of ultra-wideband tightly-coupled phased array Download PDFInfo
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- CN115296025B CN115296025B CN202210870556.0A CN202210870556A CN115296025B CN 115296025 B CN115296025 B CN 115296025B CN 202210870556 A CN202210870556 A CN 202210870556A CN 115296025 B CN115296025 B CN 115296025B
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- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/02—Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The application discloses a multi-polarization feeding method of an ultra-wideband tightly coupled phased array, which comprises N multiplied by N antenna units, wherein any antenna unit comprises a horizontal polarization oscillator and a vertical polarization oscillator, the horizontal polarization oscillator and the vertical polarization oscillator are mutually orthogonal, the rear end of the antenna unit is connected with a T/R component channel, the horizontal polarization oscillator or the vertical polarization oscillator of any antenna unit is fed through switching a switch component in the T/R component channel, the switch component comprises a plurality of switches, the feeding mode of any antenna unit is changed through the cooperation of the switches, the phased array is divided into a plurality of subarrays, and any subarray comprises 2 multiplied by 2 antenna units, so that the feeding mode of each antenna unit in any subarray is controlled by the switch component, and the multi-polarization feeding modes of the phased array are realized. The feeding method can flexibly control the antenna element excited by the tightly coupled antenna unit, and realize multiple polarization functions in combination.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-polarization feeding method of a broadband tightly-coupled phased array.
Background
The existing multi-polarization feed method of the ultra-wideband tightly coupled phased array is to connect two polarized vibrators of a dual-polarization tightly coupled antenna unit with two component channels at the same time, and realize multi-polarization by controlling the phase of a phase shifter in the component channels. Because the ultra-wideband tightly coupled array unit has small spacing, double T/R component channels are required to be integrated within the small spacing range, on one hand, the design of the T/R component and the heat dissipation difficulty of the T/R component are greatly increased, and on the other hand, the cost of the system is greatly improved.
In order to perform multiple functions such as radar, communications, electronics, etc., ultra wideband tightly coupled phased arrays are often required to have the capability of multiple polarization operations. The current method for realizing ultra-wideband tightly coupled phased array multiple polarizations comprises the following steps:
The two dual polarization of each unit are simultaneously connected with two T/R component channels, and the tightly coupled antenna array generally reduces the unit spacing to improve the coupling strength and realize ultra-wideband operation, so that the two T/R component channels are required to be designed within a small spacing range, the number of the T/R component radio frequency channels of the active antenna array is doubled, and the design difficulty is greatly improved. Secondly, the power amplifier chip of the ultra-wideband phased array has low efficiency, most of energy loss is converted into heat energy, and the number of component channels is doubled, so that the radiating difficulty of the phased array in a small-spacing range is greatly increased. Finally, the T/R components of the phased array antenna contribute most of their cost, and doubling the number of T/R component channels greatly increases the cost of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a multi-polarization feeding method of a broadband tightly coupled phased array, which is used for flexibly controlling antenna elements excited by tightly coupled antenna units and realizing various polarization functions such as horizontal, vertical, left-hand circular polarization, right-hand circular polarization, oblique polarization and the like through combination.
The embodiment of the application provides a multi-polarization feeding method of an ultra-wideband tightly coupled phased array, wherein the phased array consists of N multiplied by N antenna units;
The antenna unit comprises a horizontal polarized oscillator and a vertical polarized oscillator, wherein the horizontal polarized oscillator and the vertical polarized oscillator are mutually orthogonal, the rear end of the antenna unit is connected with a T/R assembly channel, and the horizontal polarized oscillator or the vertical polarized oscillator of the antenna unit is fed by switching a switch assembly in the T/R assembly channel;
The switch assembly comprises a plurality of change-over switches, so that the feeding mode of any antenna unit is changed through the cooperation of the change-over switches;
The phased array is divided into a plurality of subarrays, and any subarray comprises 2 multiplied by 2 antenna units, so that the feeding modes of the antenna units in any subarray are controlled by the switch assembly to realize multiple polarization feeding modes of the phased array.
Optionally, the T/R assembly channel includes:
A first switch for switching the horizontally polarized vibrator between a load and a third switch;
a second switch for switching the vertically polarized vibrator between a load and a third switch;
A third switch for performing switching between the output terminal of the power amplifier or the input terminal of the first low noise amplifier;
A fourth switch for performing switching between input terminals of the driving amplifier or the second low noise amplifier, and forming a path together with the third switch, wherein an output terminal of the driving amplifier is connected to an input terminal of the power amplifier, and an output terminal of the first low noise amplifier is connected to an input terminal of the second low noise amplifier to form a transmit path and a receive path, respectively;
and the phase shifter is connected in series with the attenuator, and the other end of the phase shifter is connected with the fixed end of the fourth switch.
Optionally, switching the first switch of the T/R component channel of each antenna element in the subarray to a third switch in case the phased array performs a horizontal polarization operation;
in the case where the phased array performs vertical polarization operation, the second switch of the T/R component channel of each antenna element in the subarray is switched to a third switch.
Alternatively, in the case where the phased array performs a left-hand circular polarization operation, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, horizontal polarization feeding 90 °, vertical polarization feeding 180 °, and horizontal polarization feeding 270 ° are respectively performed clockwise in order based on the phase shifters of the T/R component channels of the antenna elements in the subarrays.
Alternatively, in the case where the phased array performs right-hand circular polarization operation, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, horizontal polarization feeding 90 °, vertical polarization feeding 180 °, and horizontal polarization feeding 270 ° are respectively performed, in order counterclockwise, based on the phase shifters of the T/R component channels of the antenna elements in the subarrays.
Alternatively, in the case where the phased array performs a + -45 DEG oblique polarization operation, vertical polarization feed 0 DEG, horizontal polarization feed 0 DEG, vertical polarization feed 0 DEG, or the like are sequentially and counterclockwise performed, respectively, based on phase shifters of T/R component channels of antenna elements in a subarray
The phase shifters based on the T/R element channels of the antenna elements in the subarrays sequentially perform horizontal polarization feeding 0 °, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, and horizontal polarization feeding 0 °, respectively, counterclockwise.
The embodiment of the application adopts a single T/R component channel to feed the dual-polarized vibrator, realizes multiple polarization feeds, and greatly reduces the difficulty of designing the T/R component channel in a small space range. The scheme of the application can reduce the heat consumption of the T/R component channels by half in a limited space range, and simultaneously increases the heat dissipation space, so that the heat dissipation difficulty of the tightly-coupled active phased array is greatly reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present application, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present application in order that the same may be more clearly understood and to make the same and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more readily apparent.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a multi-polarization feeding method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a T/R component channel in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an example of a multi-polarization feeding method according to an embodiment of the present application performing left-hand circular polarization;
FIG. 4 is an example of a multi-polarization feeding method according to an embodiment of the present application performing right-hand circular polarization;
FIG. 5 is an example of the multi-polarization feeding method according to the embodiment of the present application performing oblique polarization operation;
fig. 6-8 are simulation result examples of the multi-polarization feeding method according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the application provides a multi-polarization feeding method of an ultra-wideband tightly coupled phased array, wherein the phased array is composed of N multiplied by N antenna units. As shown in fig. 1, the steps and processes of the present application are described in this example using a4×4 ultra wideband tightly coupled antenna array, and other larger scale ultra wideband tightly coupled antenna array implementations can be analogized to the schemes of the present application.
And the rear end of the antenna unit is connected with a T/R component channel, and the horizontal polarized vibrator or the vertical polarized vibrator of the antenna unit is fed by switching a switch component in the T/R component channel. As shown in fig. 1, a 4×4 array has a total of 16 antenna elements, each of which is composed of two orthogonally polarized vibrators, and element 1 is composed of a horizontally polarized vibrator and a vertically polarized vibrator.
The switch assembly comprises a plurality of change-over switches, and the feeding mode of any antenna unit is changed through the cooperation of the change-over switches.
The phased array is divided into a plurality of subarrays, and any subarray comprises 2 multiplied by 2 antenna units, so that the feeding modes of the antenna units in any subarray are controlled by the switch assembly to realize multiple polarization feeding modes of the phased array. In this example, to achieve multiple polarization feeding, the phased array is divided into 2×2 minimum basic subarrays, and 4×4 ultra-wideband tightly coupled arrays may divide 4 minimum basic subarrays to change the feeding mode of the subarrays or phased arrays based on the cooperation of the switch components of the T/R component channels of each subarray.
The embodiment of the application adopts a single T/R component channel to feed the dual-polarized vibrator, realizes multiple polarization feeds, and greatly reduces the difficulty of designing the T/R component channel in a small space range. The scheme of the application can reduce the heat consumption of the T/R component channels by half in a limited space range, and simultaneously increases the heat dissipation space, so that the heat dissipation difficulty of the tightly-coupled active phased array is greatly reduced.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, the T/R component channel comprises:
A first switch 201 for switching the horizontally polarized vibrator between a load and a third switch 203;
a second switch 202 for switching the vertically polarized vibrator between a load and a third switch 203;
A third switch 203 for switching between the output terminal of the power amplifier 204 or the input terminal of the first low noise amplifier 206;
A fourth switch 208 for performing switching between the input terminal of the driving amplifier 205, or the second low noise amplifier 207, and forming a path together with the third switch 203, wherein the output terminal of the driving amplifier 205 is connected to the input terminal of the power amplifier 204, and the output terminal of the first low noise amplifier 206 is connected to the input terminal of the second low noise amplifier 207 to form a transmit path and a receive path, respectively;
The phase shifter 209 is connected in series with the attenuator 210, the other end of the phase shifter is connected with the fixed end of the fourth switch 208, and the attenuator 210 is connected to the radio frequency signal.
Specifically, in this example, when the antenna unit transmits a signal, the signal sequentially passes through the attenuator, the phase shifter, the fourth switch, the driving amplifier, the power amplifier, the third switch, and then is transmitted from the horizontal polarization vibrator or the vertical polarization vibrator through the first switch or the second switch.
When the antenna unit receives signals, the space signals enter from the horizontal polarized vibrator or the vertical polarized vibrator, pass through the first switch or the second switch, then sequentially pass through the third switch, the first low noise amplifier, the second low noise amplifier, the fourth switch, the phase shifter and the attenuator, and enter into the back-end processing.
In some embodiments, switching a first switch to a third switch of the T/R component channel of each antenna element in the subarray in the event that the phased array performs horizontal polarization operation;
in the case where the phased array performs vertical polarization operation, the second switch of the T/R component channel of each antenna element in the subarray is switched to a third switch.
In some embodiments, in case the phased array performs a left-hand circular polarization operation, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, horizontal polarization feeding 90 °, vertical polarization feeding 180 °, horizontal polarization feeding 270 ° are performed, respectively, sequentially clockwise based on the phase shifters of the T/R component channels of the antenna elements in the subarrays. As shown in fig. 3, the subarrays of the antenna elements 1, 5,6, and 2 are respectively fed with the vertical polarization of the antenna element 1 by 0 °, the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 5 by 90 °, the vertical polarization of the antenna element 6 by 180 °, and the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 2 by 270 °. Taking 4×4 ultra-wideband tightly coupled antenna array as an example, the similar other 3 subarrays are fed in a combined way in this way, so that the left-hand circular polarization operation of the phased array can be realized.
In some embodiments, in case the phased array performs right-hand circular polarization operation, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, horizontal polarization feeding 90 °, vertical polarization feeding 180 °, and horizontal polarization feeding 270 ° are performed, respectively, based on phase shifters of T/R element channels of antenna elements in a subarray, sequentially counterclockwise. As shown in fig. 4, the subarrays of the antenna elements 1, 5,6, and 2 are taken as an example, and the vertical polarization of the antenna element 1 is fed by 0 °, the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 2 is fed by 90 °, the vertical polarization of the antenna element 6 is fed by 180 °, and the horizontal polarization of the antenna element 5 is fed by 270 °. Taking 4×4 ultra-wideband tightly coupled antenna array as an example, the right-hand circular polarization operation of the phased array can be realized by combining and feeding other 3 similar subarrays in the mode.
In some embodiments, in case that the phased array performs a ±45° oblique polarization operation, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, horizontal polarization feeding 0 °, vertical polarization feeding 0 ° are performed, respectively, based on phase shifters of T/R element channels of antenna elements in a subarray, sequentially counterclockwise. As shown in fig. 5, the subarrays of the antenna elements 1, 5,6, and 2 are taken as an example, and the vertical polarization feed of the antenna element 1, the horizontal polarization feed of the antenna element 2, the horizontal polarization feed of the antenna element 6, and the vertical polarization feed of the antenna element 5 are respectively 0 °. Taking 4×4 ultra-wideband tightly coupled antenna array as an example, the other 3 similar subarrays are fed in a combined way in this way, so that the-45 °/45 ° oblique polarization operation of the phased array can be realized.
Or alternatively
The phase shifters based on the T/R element channels of the antenna elements in the subarrays sequentially perform horizontal polarization feeding 0 °, vertical polarization feeding 0 °, and horizontal polarization feeding 0 °, respectively, counterclockwise.
Specifically, the horizontal polarization feed 0 ° of the antenna unit 1, the vertical polarization feed 0 ° of the antenna unit 2, the vertical polarization feed 0 ° of the antenna unit 6, and the horizontal polarization feed 0 ° of the antenna unit 5 may be also respectively performed. Taking a 4×4 ultra-wideband tightly coupled antenna array as an example, similar 3 other subarrays are fed in combination in this way, and-45 °/45 ° oblique polarization operation of the phased array can also be achieved.
The applicant further constructed a 4 x 4 tightly coupled antenna array model, simulating the multi-polarization feed method described above. The horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, oblique polarization of the array are relatively simple to implement, where relatively complex combined feed circular polarization is simulated. And carrying out combined feed on the antenna array model according to left circular polarization and right circular polarization feed modes, and simulating to obtain left and right circular polarization axes of the 6.5GHz, 10.5GHz and 17GHz antenna arrays, such as shown in figures 6-8. From the simulation results of fig. 6-8, it can be seen that the antenna array has good circular polarization characteristics in the main beam range in the normal direction, and the effectiveness of the combined feed multi-polarization of the application is verified.
According to the scheme, a single T/R component channel is adopted to feed the dual-polarized vibrator, so that multiple polarization feeds are realized, and the difficulty in designing the T/R component channel in a small space range is greatly reduced. According to the scheme, the heat consumption of the T/R component channels can be reduced by half in a limited space range, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation space is increased, so that the heat dissipation difficulty of the tightly-coupled active phased array is greatly reduced. Compared with the prior art, the T/R component channel number adopted by the scheme of the application is halved, and the cost of the ultra-wideband tightly coupled phased array system is greatly reduced.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present application are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
The embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present application.
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| CN114142207A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | A foldable large-spacing ultra-wideband low-profile tightly coupled array antenna |
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| US7436370B2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | L-3 Communications Titan Corporation | Device and method for polarization control for a phased array antenna |
| CN108987915A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-11 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | One kind being based on close coupling technology ultra wideband dual polarization cylinder antenna battle array |
| CN112234343B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2024-12-20 | 北京新岸线移动多媒体技术有限公司 | An active phased array vehicle-mounted antenna system suitable for high-speed rail |
| CN210744178U (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-06-12 | 成都瑞迪威科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna capable of realizing left-right rotation circular polarization switching |
| CN212695321U (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-03-12 | 成都知融科技股份有限公司 | Dual-polarization radio frequency front-end system |
| CN111834746B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-04 | 成都知融科技股份有限公司 | Dual-polarization radio frequency front-end system |
| CN113437529B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-11-01 | 苏州军杰电子科技有限公司 | A fully polarized active phased array antenna array |
| CN114256638B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2025-03-04 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A planar orthogonal antenna array, a radiometer thereof, and a detection method thereof |
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| CN114142207A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-04 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | A foldable large-spacing ultra-wideband low-profile tightly coupled array antenna |
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