CN115327631B - A method of dynamic monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs by combining active and passive seismic methods - Google Patents
A method of dynamic monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs by combining active and passive seismic methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN115327631B CN115327631B CN202110508957.7A CN202110508957A CN115327631B CN 115327631 B CN115327631 B CN 115327631B CN 202110508957 A CN202110508957 A CN 202110508957A CN 115327631 B CN115327631 B CN 115327631B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
- G01V1/48—Processing data
- G01V1/50—Analysing data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
- G01V2210/616—Data from specific type of measurement
- G01V2210/6169—Data from specific type of measurement using well-logging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geophysics for oil and gas field development and application, in particular to a method for dynamically monitoring an oil and gas reservoir by combining active and passive earthquakes. The method comprises the following steps of designing active and passive earthquake combined reservoir monitoring acquisition parameters according to a target area range of reservoir monitoring, continuously acquiring passive earthquake data and acquiring active earthquake in stages, processing each stage of active earthquake data, processing the passive earthquake data by taking a processing result of each stage of active earthquake as a constraint, carrying out reservoir dynamic monitoring explanation, and carrying out development scheme adjustment according to an explanation result. The method of the invention combines active earthquake and passive earthquake to realize the monitoring of the oil and gas reservoir dynamic with higher precision, reduces the monitoring cost and makes up the defects of the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geophysics for oil and gas field development and application, in particular to a method for dynamically monitoring an oil and gas reservoir by combining active and passive earthquakes.
Background
The reservoir dynamic monitoring is to build quantitative, fine and dynamic reservoir models in the reservoir development process, predict the reservoir development performance through reservoir numerical simulation, optimize the development scheme, search residual oil and improve the oil gas recovery ratio. The main oil and gas reservoir dynamic monitoring method in the industry at present is to directly measure oil and gas reservoir parameters by using a permanent underground measuring instrument, such as an underground oil and gas reservoir monitor disclosed by CN211422629U, and comprises an upper joint, a circuit board, a pressure sensor, a lower joint, a resistivity chromatography device, a power supply unit, an acquisition and control unit, a line guide pipe, threads, a shaft sleeve and a production pipe, wherein the upper joint is arranged at the upper end of the production pipe, the lower joint is arranged at the lower end of the production pipe, the production pipe is connected with the upper joint and the lower joint through the threads, the edge of the production pipe is provided with the line guide pipe, the other edge of the production pipe is provided with a circuit board, the pressure sensor is fixed at the bottom end of the upper joint, the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the circuit board through the line guide pipe, and the shaft sleeve is sleeved outside the production pipe and is separated from the production pipe in a clearance way. The method for carrying out temperature fine logging by utilizing the distributed optical fiber disclosed by CN102758617A is used for measuring oil gas parameters including pressure, layering flow, residual oil distribution, oil-water interface and the like.
The oil reservoir geophysical technology is developed on the basis of the exploration geophysical technology, oil and gas development is served by the oil reservoir geophysical technology, the dynamic monitoring of the oil and gas reservoirs is carried out by utilizing the geophysical technology, and the oil and gas reservoir geophysical technology is an important technical guarantee for accurately, reliably and dynamically knowing the characteristic change of the underground oil and gas reservoirs and realizing the optimization of a development scheme.
The China patent CN109471170B discloses a seismic data processing method and a device, wherein the seismic data processing method comprises the steps of performing dual-azimuth acquisition footprint attenuation processing on a first seismic data body after seismic inter-equalization processing when acquisition azimuth angles of the first seismic data body and a second seismic data body after seismic inter-equalization processing are different, performing dual-azimuth acquisition footprint attenuation processing on a second seismic data body after seismic inter-equalization processing, and performing prestack dual-azimuth amplitude variation AVO inter-equalization processing on the first seismic data body and the second seismic data body after dual-azimuth acquisition footprint attenuation processing along with offset distances.
The Chinese patent CN103149587B discloses a random coupling four-dimensional seismic inversion oil reservoir monitoring method and device based on grid points, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining the variation of wave impedance through two times of random three-dimensional seismic inversion based on the grid points; the steps are repeated to obtain a plurality of wave impedance variation data volumes, probability volumes of the wave impedance variation in any interval are obtained according to the plurality of wave impedance variation data volumes, and the reservoir variation is monitored by utilizing the probability volumes of the wave impedance variation in any interval.
The Chinese patent No. 101872024B discloses a method for well position deployment by using time-lapse earthquake, which comprises the following steps of 1) respectively obtaining earthquake data of two different time points according to the methods of the steps a and B, measuring stratum basic parameters of a region to be tested, manufacturing an oil reservoir section of the region to be tested, establishing a stratum section module according to the oil reservoir section, obtaining three data bodies of longitudinal wave speed, transverse wave speed and density according to the stratum basic parameters and the stratum section module, B, performing AVO forward modeling to obtain superimposed earthquake data of each incident angle, 2) processing the earthquake data twice to obtain earthquake data differences, 3) inverting the earthquake data differences to obtain longitudinal wave impedance differences, transverse wave impedance differences, density differences and longitudinal and transverse wave speed ratio differences, 4) predicting oil reservoir parameter changes, and 5) deploying well positions.
The current time-lapse earthquake method mainly comprises the steps of acquiring underground reservoir information by manually exciting earthquake waves through an active time-lapse earthquake, wherein the active time-lapse earthquake has the advantages of high precision and high certainty, but has the defect of high cost, is not suitable for dynamic reservoir monitoring, and cannot be widely applied to actual production. Thus, there is a need for a simpler and more efficient reservoir dynamics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims at providing a method for dynamically monitoring a reservoir by combining active and passive earthquakes, which combines the active earthquakes and the passive earthquakes, the method realizes the monitoring of the oil and gas reservoir dynamic state with higher precision, reduces the monitoring cost and makes up the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for dynamically monitoring a reservoir by combining active and passive earthquakes, which comprises the following steps:
according to the range of the target area of reservoir monitoring, active and passive earthquake combined reservoir monitoring acquisition parameters are designed;
Passive seismic data are continuously collected and active seismic data are collected in a staged manner;
processing the active seismic data of each period;
processing passive seismic data by taking the active seismic processing result of each period as constraint;
Performing reservoir dynamic monitoring interpretation;
and adjusting the development scheme according to the interpretation result.
Further, the active and passive earthquake combined oil and gas reservoir monitoring and collecting parameters comprise longitudinal and transverse intervals and number of ground detectors, longitudinal and transverse intervals and number of ground vibration sources, vertical depth intervals, number and depth range of well detectors, and the period number and interval of active earthquake collection.
Furthermore, the ground detector is arranged at one time without rolling reception, and the borehole detector is arranged along the borehole wall in a string shape and clings to the borehole wall at intervals.
Further, passive seismic data continuous acquisition refers to all surface and borehole receivers remaining in position and received uninterruptedly throughout the monitoring process.
Further, when the active earthquake is acquired in stages, the detection point and the focus point position of each stage are kept unchanged.
Further, active seismic data processing includes, but is not limited to, computing front and back active seismic attribute differences and near-surface corrections, energy compensation, spatial correction, matched filtering, amplitude equalization, and velocity correction of the two-phase data.
Further, the processing of the passive seismic data includes, but is not limited to, positioning of microseism events generated in the reservoir development process, near-surface correction, denoising, energy enhancement, effective event identification, speed modeling, and a series of preprocessing means such as passive seismic data interference imaging and denoising, energy enhancement, effective event identification, speed modeling.
Further, the manner in which the passive processing is constrained by the active seismic processing results includes one of:
1) The seismic velocity, the near-surface correction amount and the like obtained by the active earthquake are used for microseism event positioning and interference imaging of passive data;
2) Taking a target reflecting layer obtained by an active earthquake as a standard, and restricting a passive earthquake interference imaging processing process;
3) And using the transformation space range of the oil and gas reservoir obtained by active earthquake time shift processing for solution space constraint of microseism event positioning.
Further, the reservoir dynamic monitoring interpretation means includes one of the following means:
1) Dynamically displaying the microseism event position obtained by the passive earthquake data in the whole monitoring period according to a certain time interval;
2) And dynamically displaying the attribute of the passive seismic data in the whole monitoring period according to a certain time interval.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The method reduces uncertainty of passive earthquake results by combining active and passive earthquake data and processing the passive earthquake with high precision and high certainty constraint, realizes dynamic monitoring of the time-lapse earthquake oil and gas reservoir with high frequency in the whole development period of the oil and gas reservoir, takes economical efficiency and monitoring effect into account, and is easier to realize industrialized application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for dynamic reservoir monitoring in combination with active and passive earthquakes according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the locations of the ground source and detectors in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the position of a borehole detector in accordance with example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is active seismic raw data of embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is the passive seismic raw data of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of correlation coefficient attributes of waveforms of the second-stage active earthquake and the first-stage active earthquake in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross section of a passive seismic stack after the active seismic reflector layer constraint process in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a seismic velocity field obtained from an active seismic event;
FIG. 9 is a graph of passive microseismic event positioning results under active seismic constraints;
FIG. 10 is a passive seismic energy profile obtained 20 minutes after reservoir steaming;
FIG. 11 is a passive seismic energy profile obtained 40 minutes after reservoir steaming;
FIG. 12 is a passive seismic energy profile obtained 60 minutes after reservoir steaming.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms also are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for dynamically monitoring the oil and gas reservoirs by combining active and passive earthquakes comprises the following steps:
1) And designing active and passive earthquake combined reservoir monitoring acquisition parameters according to the range of the target area of reservoir monitoring.
The method comprises the steps of designing the longitudinal and transverse intervals and the number of the ground detectors, the longitudinal and transverse intervals and the number of the ground seismic sources, the vertical depth intervals, the number of the borehole detectors and the depth range of arrangement, and the period number and the period of active seismic acquisition.
The ground detector is arranged at one time without rolling receiving, and the borehole detector is arranged in a string shape along the borehole wall at certain intervals and clings to the borehole wall.
2) Passive seismic data are continuously collected and active seismic data are collected in stages.
Passive seismic data continuous acquisition refers to all surface and borehole receivers being kept in position and received uninterruptedly throughout the monitoring process.
When active seismic acquisition is carried out in stages, the positions of the detection points and the seismic source points in each stage are kept unchanged.
3) Processing the active seismic data of each period.
4) And processing the passive seismic data by taking the active seismic processing result of each period as a constraint.
5) And carrying out dynamic monitoring and interpretation of the oil and gas reservoir according to the processing results of the active earthquake and the passive earthquake.
6) And carrying out development scheme adjustment according to the dynamic monitoring interpretation result of the oil and gas reservoir.
Example 2
Taking a domestic oil field as an example, the method for monitoring the huff and puff thermal recovery of the thickened oil vapor by adopting the combination of active and passive earthquakes comprises the following steps:
(1) And acquiring the area range of the monitored oil reservoir, and designing an active-passive earthquake combined oil reservoir monitoring and observing system shown in fig. 2 and 3.
(2) The method comprises the steps of carrying out continuous acquisition of passive seismic data and periodic acquisition of active seismic data, wherein fig. 4 is the acquired active seismic raw data, two periods of active seismic are designed, the active seismic data are acquired once before steam injection and the active seismic raw data are acquired once after steam injection, and fig. 5 is the continuously acquired passive seismic raw data.
(3) The similarity coefficient of the two-stage active seismic data acquired before and after is calculated, fig. 6 is a plan view of the similarity coefficient, and the range of the broken line in fig. 6 is a region with smaller similarity coefficient and is a steam wave range.
(4) And (3) processing the passive earthquake by taking the steam sweep range, the earthquake velocity field (shown in figure 8) and the standard reflecting layer obtained by the active earthquake as constraints.
(5) FIG. 7 is a passive seismic profile resulting from active seismic constraint post-processing, showing that the standard reflector is substantially uniform, reducing the uncertainty of the passive seismic.
(6) FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of passive microseism event localization obtained by active seismic constraint post-processing, with event distribution ranges substantially consistent with the dashed line ranges of FIG. 6.
(7) Fig. 10-12 are passive seismic energy profiles obtained after 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes of reservoir steam injection, respectively, showing that the range of the steam cavity gradually increases with the increase of time, dynamically describing the form and the spatial distribution of the steam cavity, and predicting the beneficial areas of residual oil distribution.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for dynamically monitoring the oil and gas reservoir by combining the active and passive earthquakes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
according to the range of the target area of reservoir monitoring, active and passive earthquake combined reservoir monitoring acquisition parameters are designed;
Passive seismic data are continuously collected and active seismic data are collected in a staged manner;
processing the active seismic data of each period;
processing passive seismic data by taking the active seismic processing result of each period as constraint;
Performing reservoir dynamic monitoring interpretation;
carrying out development scheme adjustment according to the interpretation result;
the active and passive earthquake combined oil and gas reservoir monitoring and collecting parameters comprise longitudinal and transverse intervals and number of ground detectors, longitudinal and transverse intervals and number of ground earthquake sources, vertical depth intervals, number and arrangement depth range of borehole detectors, and the period number and interval of active earthquake collection;
when the active earthquake is acquired in stages, the detection point and the focus point of each stage are kept unchanged;
The active seismic data processing comprises the steps of calculating the difference of active seismic attributes of the front period and the rear period, near-surface correction of the two periods of data, energy compensation, spatial correction, matched filtering, amplitude equalization and velocity correction;
The passive seismic data continuous acquisition means that all ground and borehole detectors keep unchanged positions and continuously receive in the whole monitoring process;
the processing of the passive seismic data comprises positioning of microseism events generated in the oil reservoir development process, near-surface correction, denoising, energy enhancement, effective event identification and speed modeling;
The way the active seismic processing results constrain the passive processing includes one of the following:
1) The seismic velocity, the near-surface correction amount and the like obtained by the active earthquake are used for microseism event positioning and interference imaging of passive data;
2) Taking a target reflecting layer obtained by an active earthquake as a standard, and restricting a passive earthquake interference imaging processing process;
3) The transformation space range of the oil and gas reservoir, which is obtained by active earthquake time shifting, is used for solving space constraint of microseism event positioning;
the reservoir dynamic monitoring interpretation mode comprises one of the following modes:
1) Dynamically displaying the microseism event position obtained by the passive earthquake data in the whole monitoring period according to a certain time interval;
2) And dynamically displaying the attribute of the passive seismic data in the whole monitoring period according to a certain time interval.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface detectors are deployed in one pass without rolling reception and wherein the borehole detectors are deployed in three-component, spaced apart strings along the borehole wall against the borehole wall.
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| CN112647936A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-13 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optimized oil reservoir development data acquisition system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
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| CA2715725C (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2017-01-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Monitoring of reservoir fluid moving along flow pathways in a producing oil field using passive seismic emissions |
| CN101872024B (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2012-07-04 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for carrying out well design by using time-lapse seismic |
| CN102758617A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | 昆山蓝岭科技有限公司 | Method for carrying out temperature fine well logging by utilizing distributed optical fiber |
| CN211422629U (en) * | 2019-09-08 | 2020-09-04 | 天津大泛华石油科技有限公司 | Underground oil reservoir monitor |
| CN112746837A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-04 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Shale oil reservoir exploration data acquisition system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
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| CN112647936A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-04-13 | 中油奥博(成都)科技有限公司 | Optimized oil reservoir development data acquisition system and method based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 利用从地震资料切除区提取的被动地震信息预测油气藏;王述江 等;岩性油气藏;20130815;第25卷(第04期);第73-77页 * |
| 王述江 等.利用从地震资料切除区提取的被动地震信息预测油气藏.岩性油气藏.2013,第25卷(第04期),第73-77页. * |
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