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CN115347933B - The Design Method of Optimal Height of UAV in UAV Equipped with RIS Communication System - Google Patents

The Design Method of Optimal Height of UAV in UAV Equipped with RIS Communication System Download PDF

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CN115347933B
CN115347933B CN202210904759.7A CN202210904759A CN115347933B CN 115347933 B CN115347933 B CN 115347933B CN 202210904759 A CN202210904759 A CN 202210904759A CN 115347933 B CN115347933 B CN 115347933B
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uav
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蔡艳
徐东超
张军
朱洪波
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Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/145—Passive relay systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/40—Monitoring; Testing of relay systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of the optimal height of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an RIS (radio service) communication system carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle, which mainly solves the problem of the height design of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the process of assisting wireless communication through RIS under the condition that a base station and a user have no direct link. The design method of the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps: firstly, initializing the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle to be 10m, and setting environmental parameters; then designing an iterative expression of equivalent parameters of the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle; finally judging whether the equivalent parameter t is converged or not, and if so, obtaining the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle; if not, the re-iteration jumps to the design iteration expression step. In the scene of communication direct link blocking, the invention utilizes the respective advantages of RIS and unmanned aerial vehicle, and effectively improves the receiving rate of the user while ensuring the safe flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

Description

Design method for optimal height of unmanned aerial vehicle in RIS (radio service) communication system carried by unmanned aerial vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of the Internet of things, in particular to a design method for the optimal height of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying RIS communication system.
Background
In the field of internet of things (Internet of Things, ioT) technology, the growth of wireless connection needs and the advent of the concept of internet of everything, new communication modes are required, which will eventually enable a large number of new applications and new subversion technologies. With the strong development of IoT technology, various kinds of sensors, radio frequency identification technology, infrared sensors and other devices can be utilized to collect data information. However, the prior art has high requirements on energy consumption, so that the communication cost is high. As a result, reconfigurable smart reflector (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, RIS) technology is widely studied by the industry as one of the key technologies proposed in IoT.
Under the condition that the direct link between the base station and the user is blocked, the gain of the direct link channel is almost negligible, and the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency of the system can be effectively improved by constructing the reflection link by the RIS. However, the RIS is mostly installed on the surface of the building, which makes the performance in some emergency situations not very good, and this problem can be effectively solved by using the manner of carrying the RIS on the unmanned aerial vehicle, so as to further increase the performance of the system.
However, in a dynamic environment, how to determine the optimal altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a great problem in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design method for the optimal height of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an unmanned aerial vehicle carried RIS communication system, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, and effectively improves the communication performance of the system while ensuring the flight safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle by utilizing the advantages of the RIS and the unmanned aerial vehicle under the scene of limited communication environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a design method for the optimal height of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying RIS communication system comprises the following steps:
constructing an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted RIS-assisted wireless communication system, wherein the system comprises a base station with a single antenna, an unmanned aerial vehicle with N passive reflection units RIS and a single antenna user;
the optimal height design method of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:
step 1, initializing the height of an unmanned aerial vehicle and setting environmental parameters;
step 2, designing an iterative expression of an equivalent parameter t of the optimal height H of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
step 3, judging whether the equivalent parameter t at the current moment meets the convergence condition, and if so, obtaining the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle; if not, substituting the equivalent parameter t at the current moment into the iterative expression at the next moment, and re-executing the step 3 until the equivalent parameter t reaches the convergence condition.
Further, in the step 2, the information transmission between the base station and the user is that the signals transmitted by the base station are reflected to the user through the RIS, and the expression of the optimal height H of the unmanned aerial vehicle is designed:
Figure BDA0003772054570000021
wherein N is the number of reflective elements of RIS, l 1 、l 2 Representing the horizontal distance from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the base station and the horizontal distance from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the user, epsilon 1 、c 1 Representing the path loss factor of the channel from the base station to the drone and the path loss at a reference distance of 1 m; epsilon 2 、c 2 Representing the path loss factor of the channel from the drone to the user and the path loss at a reference distance of 1 m;
Figure BDA0003772054570000022
Figure BDA0003772054570000023
the rice factor representing two reflection channels, wherein alpha and beta represent environmental parameters;
let t=c exp (b· (180/pi) ·arctan (l) 1 /H)) to obtain an iterative expression of the form t=f (t):
Figure BDA0003772054570000024
wherein, kappa 2 ＝c exp(b·(180/π)·arctan(l 2 H) the size of the rice factor of the drone to user channel, h=l 1 tan (pi/(180. B). In (t/c)) represents the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Further, in step 1, the unmanned aerial vehicle height H is initialized to 10m, and environmental parameters α=9.61, β=0.16, c are set 1 ＝c 2 ＝1、ε 1 ＝ε 2 ＝2。
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention combines the advantages of RIS and unmanned aerial vehicle, and establishes a more practical wireless communication system by utilizing the high mobility of unmanned aerial vehicle and the advantage that RIS can reflect incident signals in the scene of limited communication;
2. the invention only utilizes the position information of each communication node in the system, can accurately deduce the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and has low calculation complexity.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of optimal altitude design for a drone in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system with RIS assistance by a drone according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Examples: a design method of the optimal height of an unmanned aerial vehicle in an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying RIS communication system firstly constructs an unmanned aerial vehicle carrying RIS assisted wireless communication system. As shown in fig. 2, the system comprises a base station with a single antenna, a drone carrying N passive reflection units RIS, and a single antenna user. Channel model g of base station and unmanned aerial vehicle 1 ∈ N×1 Channel model g of unmanned aerial vehicle and user 2 ∈ 1×N The method comprises the following steps of:
Figure BDA0003772054570000031
Figure BDA0003772054570000032
wherein,,
Figure BDA0003772054570000033
representing the distances between the unmanned plane and the base station and the user respectively; wherein H represents the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, l 1 And l 2 Representing horizontal distances from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the base station and the user respectively; epsilon 1 、c 1 Representing the path loss factor of the channel from the base station to the drone and the path loss at a reference distance of 1 m; epsilon 2 、c 2 Representing the path loss factor of the channel from the drone to the user and the path loss at a reference distance of 1 m;
Figure BDA0003772054570000034
the rice factor representing two reflection channels, where α, β represent the environmental parameters. />
Figure BDA0003772054570000035
NLoS component of the base station to unmanned aerial vehicle channel, wherein each element in the vector satisfies the mean value of 0 and the variance of 1; />
Figure BDA0003772054570000036
Figure BDA0003772054570000037
The LoS component of the base station to drone channel is expressed in detail as:
Figure BDA0003772054570000041
Figure BDA0003772054570000042
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Figure BDA0003772054570000043
Representing the emission angle at the base station and the angle of incidence at the user.
The reflective phase shift matrix expression for RIS is:
Figure BDA0003772054570000044
wherein N represents the number of passive reflection units of the RIS; />
Figure BDA0003772054570000045
The reflection angle of the nth reflection unit is represented, where n=1, 2, …, N.
In the modeling explanation of the channel of the wireless communication system with the RIS assistance carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the line-of-sight link of the channel is considered, so that the real information of the channel can be accurately reflected.
As shown in fig. 1, the design of the optimal altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the wireless communication system with the auxiliary RIS carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:
step 1, initializing the unmanned plane height H to 10m, and setting environmental parameters alpha=9.61, beta=0.16 and c 1 ＝c 2 ＝1、ε 1 ＝ε 2 ＝2。
And 2, designing an expression of the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle and an iterative expression corresponding to the optimal height equivalent parameter of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The transmission of information between the base station and the user is by the RIS reflecting the signal transmitted at the base station to the user. The upper bound expression for the signal reception rate at the user is:
Figure BDA0003772054570000046
wherein N is the number of reflection elements of RIS, the antenna transmitting power at the base station is P, and the noise power at the user is sigma 2 H represents the altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle; l (L) 1 、l 2 Representing the horizontal distance of the drone to the base station and the horizontal distance of the drone to the user. Epsilon 1 、c 1 Representing the path loss factor of the channel from the base station to the drone and the path loss at a reference distance of 1 m; epsilon 2 、c 2 Representing the path loss factor of the channel from the drone to the user and the path loss at a reference distance of 1 m;
Figure BDA0003772054570000051
Figure BDA0003772054570000052
the rice factor representing two reflection channels, where α, β represent the environmental parameters.
Expression of the designed optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle:
Figure BDA0003772054570000053
the expression conforms to the form of x=f (x), but does not satisfy the iteration condition, so the conversion equation form is required.
Let t=c exp (b· (180/pi) ·arctan (l) 1 /H)) is subjected to a substitution process, and an iterative expression of the form t=f (t) can be obtained:
Figure BDA0003772054570000054
wherein, kappa 2 ＝c exp(b·(180/π)·arctan(l 2 H) the size of the rice factor of the drone to user channel, h=l 1 tan (pi/(180. B). In (t/c)) represents the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Step 3, judging whether the equivalent parameter t at the current moment meets the convergence condition, and if so, obtaining the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle; if not, substituting the equivalent parameter t at the current moment into the iterative expression at the next moment, and re-executing the step 3 until the equivalent parameter t reaches the convergence condition.
It should be noted that, the iteration is in the form of t=f (t), each time there is one f (t) for each t, and then reassigning the obtained f (t) to t will obtain a new f (t) until |f (t) -new f (t) | < determination condition threshold, or |t-new t| < determination condition threshold. The iterative expression designed in the step 2 can be various, but some of the iterative expressions cannot be converged through iteration; the iterative expression of the method can finally reach convergence, and the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be obtained.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and improvements could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1.一种无人机搭载RIS通信系统中无人机最佳高度的设计方法，其特征在于，包括：1. an unmanned aerial vehicle carries the design method of the optimal height of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the RIS communication system, it is characterized in that, comprising: 构建无人机搭载RIS辅助的无线通信系统，该系统包括一个具有单天线的基站、一个搭载着N个被动反射单元RIS的无人机以及一个单天线用户；Construct a UAV equipped with RIS-assisted wireless communication system, which includes a base station with a single antenna, a UAV equipped with N passive reflection unit RIS and a single-antenna user; 无人机最佳高度设计方法包括以下步骤：The optimal height design method for UAV includes the following steps: 步骤1，将无人机高度进行初始化并设置环境参数；Step 1, initialize the height of the drone and set the environmental parameters; 步骤2，设计无人机最佳高度H的等效参数t的迭代表达式；Step 2, design the iterative expression of the equivalent parameter t of the optimal height H of the UAV; 步骤3，判断当前时刻等效参数t是否满足收敛条件，如果收敛，则获得无人机最佳高度；如果不收敛，则将当前时刻等效参数t代入下一时刻迭代表达式，重新执行步骤3，直至等效参数t达到收敛条件；Step 3, judge whether the equivalent parameter t at the current moment satisfies the convergence condition, if it converges, obtain the optimal height of the UAV; if it does not converge, then substitute the equivalent parameter t at the current moment into the iterative expression at the next moment, and execute the step again 3. Until the equivalent parameter t reaches the convergence condition; 所述步骤2中，基站与用户之间的信息传输是通过RIS反射基站处发射的信号给用户，设计的无人机最佳高度H的表达式：In the step 2, the information transmission between the base station and the user is to reflect the signal transmitted by the base station to the user through the RIS, and the expression of the optimal height H of the UAV is designed:
Figure FDA0004225795520000011
Figure FDA0004225795520000011
 基站与无人机的信道模型
Figure FDA0004225795520000012
无人机与用户的信道模型/>
Figure FDA0004225795520000013
分别为：Channel model between base station and UAV
Figure FDA0004225795520000012
Channel model between UAV and user/>
Figure FDA0004225795520000013
They are:
Figure FDA0004225795520000014
Figure FDA0004225795520000014
Figure FDA0004225795520000015
Figure FDA0004225795520000015
 其中，
Figure FDA0004225795520000016
表示无人机分别到基站和用户的距离；N为RIS的反射元件数目，l1、l2表示无人机到基站的水平距离和无人机到用户的水平距离，ε1、c1表示基站到无人机之间信道的路径损耗因子和在参考距离为1m时的路径损耗；ε2、c2表示无人机到用户之间信道的路径损耗因子和在参考距离为1m时的路径损耗；/>
Figure FDA0004225795520000017
Figure FDA0004225795520000021
表示两条反射信道的莱斯因子，式中α、β表示环境参数；
Figure FDA0004225795520000022
是基站到无人机的信道的NLoS分量，其向量中每个元素满足均值为0，方差为1；/>
Figure FDA0004225795520000023
是基站到无人机的信道的LoS分量；in,
Figure FDA0004225795520000016
Indicates the distance from the UAV to the base station and the user respectively; N is the number of reflective elements of the RIS, l 1 and l 2 represent the horizontal distance from the UAV to the base station and the horizontal distance from the UAV to the user, ε 1 and c 1 represent The path loss factor of the channel between the base station and the UAV and the path loss when the reference distance is 1m; ε 2 and c 2 represent the path loss factor of the channel between the UAV and the user and the path loss when the reference distance is 1m Loss; />
Figure FDA0004225795520000017
Figure FDA0004225795520000021
Represents the Rice factors of the two reflected channels, where α and β represent environmental parameters;
Figure FDA0004225795520000022
is the NLoS component of the channel from the base station to the UAV, and each element in the vector satisfies a mean value of 0 and a variance of 1;/>
Figure FDA0004225795520000023
is the LoS component of the channel from the base station to the UAV; 利用t＝cexp(b·(180/π)·arctan(l1/H))进行换元处理，得到形如t＝f(t)的迭代表达式：Use t=cexp(b·(180/π)·arctan(l 1 /H)) to perform substitution processing, and obtain an iterative expression of the form t=f(t):
Figure FDA0004225795520000024
Figure FDA0004225795520000024
 其中，κ2＝c·exp(b·(180/π)·arctan(l2/H))无人机到用户端信道的莱斯因子大小，H＝l1tan(π/(180·b)·In(t/c))表示无人机的高度。Among them, κ 2 =c·exp(b·(180/π)·arctan(l 2 /H)) the Rice factor of the UAV-to-user channel, H=l 1 tan(π/(180·b ) · In(t/c)) represents the height of the drone. 2.根据权利要求1所述的无人机搭载RIS通信系统中无人机最佳高度的设计方法，其特征在于，步骤1中，将无人机高度H初始化为10m，设置环境参数α＝9.61、β＝0.16、c1＝c2＝1、ε1＝ε2＝2。2. the design method of unmanned aerial vehicle optimal height in unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1 in RIS communication system is characterized in that, in step 1, unmanned aerial vehicle altitude H is initialized as 10m, setting environment parameter α= 9.61, β=0.16, c 1 =c 2 =1, ε 1 =ε 2 =2.
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