CN115479535B - Strain gauge pasting quality testing device and usage method - Google Patents
Strain gauge pasting quality testing device and usage methodInfo
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- CN115479535B CN115479535B CN202211258275.6A CN202211258275A CN115479535B CN 115479535 B CN115479535 B CN 115479535B CN 202211258275 A CN202211258275 A CN 202211258275A CN 115479535 B CN115479535 B CN 115479535B
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- strain gauge
- cushion block
- strain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
一种应变片粘贴质量测试装置及使用方法，由垫块、压块及紧固螺栓组成。垫块厚度方向上有一侧为曲率固定的外凸弧面，压块厚度方向上有一侧为与垫块弧面曲率一致的内凹弧面，紧固螺栓通过螺栓孔将垫块和压块连接在一起。测试时将垫块和压块分别从待测构件两侧夹住待测构件，通过拧紧紧固螺栓强迫待测构件沿已知弧面发生微小变形，比较应变片实际应变值与理论应变值间的误差判断应变片粘贴质量。本发明在无损构件的前提下，提供了一个判断应变片粘贴质量的参考标准，有助于提前发现应变片粘贴质量问题，提高应变检测数据质量；本发明原理简单，操作简便，无需大型加载设备，适应实验室、工程现场等不同检测环境，有利于推广使用。
A strain gauge pasting quality testing device and a method for use thereof, which consists of a pad, a pressure block and a fastening bolt. One side of the pad in the thickness direction is a convex arc surface with a fixed curvature, and one side of the pressure block in the thickness direction is a concave arc surface consistent with the curvature of the pad arc surface. The fastening bolt connects the pad and the pressure block together through the bolt hole. During the test, the pad and the pressure block are clamped on the component to be tested from both sides of the component to be tested, and the component to be tested is forced to undergo a slight deformation along the known arc surface by tightening the fastening bolt. The error between the actual strain value of the strain gauge and the theoretical strain value is compared to judge the pasting quality of the strain gauge. Under the premise of non-destructive components, the present invention provides a reference standard for judging the pasting quality of strain gauges, which helps to discover strain gauge pasting quality problems in advance and improve the quality of strain detection data. The present invention has a simple principle and is easy to operate. It does not require large-scale loading equipment and is suitable for different detection environments such as laboratories and engineering sites, which is conducive to promotion and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing of materials, in particular to a testing device for detecting the sticking quality of a strain gauge.
Background
The strain gage is an element formed by a sensitive grating and the like and used for measuring the strain of a component, and has very wide application in professional production and scientific research of civil engineering, machinery, materials and the like. The strain gage deforms when subjected to a force, resulting in a change in its electrical resistance. When the strain gauge is used, the strain gauge is firmly adhered to the surface of a component, and when the component is deformed under force, the strain value of a component measuring point can be obtained through conversion by measuring the change of the resistance value of the strain gauge.
The quality of the attaching quality of the strain gauge directly influences the accuracy of the finally acquired strain value. Because of the diversity of the stress environment, the strain gauge is usually manually stuck by a inspector according to experience during practical application. However, the bonding of the strain gauge comprises relatively complex procedures such as interface cleaning, gluing, pasting and the like, and the whole process is greatly influenced by human factors, such as whether a bonding surface is cleaned and polished in place, whether glue is properly selected, whether the gluing thickness is uniform and reasonable, whether bubbles are cleaned during pasting and the like. In practical engineering and scientific research, the problem of measurement failure caused by low adhesion quality of the strain gauge is quite common, but no suitable method for quantitatively testing whether the strain gauge is adhered in place before working exists nowadays. In engineering, the problem of sticking of the strain gauge can be frequently found after the components are truly stressed, and the data precision is seriously affected by replacing and adding the strain gauge at the moment, the working surface is completely lost after the concealing work for some concealing engineering, and the data is directly lost if the problem of sticking quality occurs.
The existing national patents on strain gages are all improved for the construction of the strain gages themselves and the design of the strain-applying device, and nothing is found about the pre-operative detection of the quality of the strain gage application. But in practice, the quality of attaching the strain gauge is a very critical ring in the detection process, after attaching the strain gauge, if a simple and convenient mode can be adopted to test whether the strain gauge is firmly and accurately attached to a component, a inspector can find the strain gauge with a problem in advance and replace the strain gauge in time, so that the occurrence frequency of detection problems is reduced, and the quality of strain detection data is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a strain gauge sticking quality testing device and a using method thereof, which can simply, conveniently and rapidly test the sticking quality of a strain gauge aiming at the defects of the prior art and the requirements of engineering safety.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a strain gauge pasting quality testing device which consists of three parts, namely a cushion block, a pressing block and a fastening bolt.
The width of the cushion block can be prefabricated into various sizes, and the cushion block with the width larger than that of the member to be tested is selected according to the actual condition of the member to be tested.
The spacer should have a sufficient thickness to ensure the overall rigidity of the spacer.
One side of the thickness direction of the cushion block is a plane for installing a bolt, the other side of the thickness direction of the cushion block is an outwards convex cambered surface with fixed curvature, and the curvature radius R of the outwards convex cambered surface is such that the thickness H of a member to be tested/the curvature radius R of the cushion block is 1 per mill-1%. Wherein the cambered surface is the surface contacted with the member to be tested.
The length direction of the cushion block is consistent with the length direction of the member to be tested. Four corners of the cushion block are respectively provided with bolt holes penetrating through the thickness direction and are used for installing fastening bolts to connect the fastening bolts with the pressing blocks.
The width of the pressing block is consistent with that of the cushion block.
The compacts should be of sufficient thickness to ensure the overall rigidity of the compacts. One side of the thickness (height) direction of the pressing block is a plane, and the other side of the pressing block is a concave cambered surface with the same curvature as the cambered surface of the cushion block.
The length direction of the pressing block is consistent with that of the cushion block.
The concave cambered surface of the pressing block is provided with a blind groove slightly larger than the size of the strain gauge along the radian direction, and the blind groove is aligned with the strain gauge on the member to be tested when the testing device is installed, so that the strain gauge is in the blind groove and can deform freely.
The inner side of the concave cambered surface of the pressing block is manufactured into different cross-sectional shapes according to the shape of the member to be tested. A pressing block with a smooth section is selected for the sheet-shaped, plate-shaped and square-rod-shaped members to be tested, and a pressing block with a triangular inclined plane guiding groove is selected for the round-rod-shaped members to be tested, so that the members to be tested are prevented from sliding after being stressed.
Four corners of the pressing block are respectively provided with bolt holes which are consistent with the cushion blocks and penetrate through the thickness direction.
The fastening bolt is used for connecting the cushion block and the pressing block together through the bolt hole.
The cushion block and the pressing block can be made of solid steel or other materials with high rigidity.
The application method of the strain gauge pasting quality testing device comprises the following steps:
(1) Connecting a strain gauge on a member to be measured with a strain gauge in a natural state, measuring and reading strain data, and measuring a thickness value H of the member to be measured;
(2) Smearing a small amount of vaseline on the surface of the member to be measured, respectively clamping the member to be measured from two sides of the member to be measured by using the cushion block and the pressing block, enabling the strain gauge to fall into the blind groove, and enabling the length directions of the cushion block and the pressing block to be consistent with the length directions of the member to be measured;
(3) The method comprises the steps of enabling a fastening bolt to penetrate through bolt holes in four corners of a cushion block and a pressing block, fastening a bolt nut through a spanner, enabling a member to be tested to bend along with the cambered surface of the pressing block until the member is completely attached to the cushion block, measuring and reading strain data, calculating an actual strain value epsilon r generated by a strain gauge after bending, and judging that the attaching quality of the strain gauge is poor and the strain gauge needs to be attached again if the data is obviously unstable at the moment;
(4) In the length direction of the member to be measured, the theoretical strain value of the member to be measured should be:
Wherein H is the thickness of the member to be measured, and R is the curvature radius of the cushion block. For the situation that the attaching direction of the strain gauge is completely consistent with the length direction of the member to be tested, epsilon r can be directly compared with that of the member to be tested If the deviation of the two values is large, the quality of the strain gauge is judged to be poor, and the strain gauge needs to be re-adhered. For the case that the adhering direction of the strain gauge is required to form an included angle alpha with the length direction of the member to be measured, epsilon r needs to be converted into a strain value in the length direction of the member:
Then, ε' r is compared with If the deviation of the two values is large, the quality of the strain gauge is judged to be poor, and the strain gauge needs to be re-adhered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a reference standard for judging the attaching quality of the strain gauge for the inspector on the premise of not damaging the component, is very helpful for the inspector to discover the problem of the strain gauge in advance and make adjustment in time, reduces the occurrence frequency of the detection problem, and improves the quality of strain detection data.
(2) The device provided by the invention does not need to adopt large-scale loading equipment, and can be well adapted to different detection environments such as laboratories, engineering sites and the like;
(3) The invention has simple implementation principle and simple and convenient operation, and the matched instrument is the traditional strain detection equipment without adding other detection equipment and calculation software, thereby being beneficial to social popularization.
The device is mainly used for testing the condition that the member to be tested is low in rigidity and can generate certain elastic deformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly view (top view) of the strain gauge attachment quality testing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an assembly view (front view) of the strain gauge sticking quality testing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the present invention (front view).
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the present invention in a side view.
Fig. 5 is a block 1 structure diagram (front view) of a sheet-like, plate-like, square-rod-shaped member to be measured according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a block 1 structure view (side view) of a sheet-like, plate-like, square-rod-shaped member to be measured according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram (bottom view) of a sheet-like, plate-like, square-rod-like member to be measured according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram (front view) of the present invention for a round bar-shaped member to be measured.
Fig. 9 is a block configuration view (side view) of the present invention for a round bar-shaped member to be measured.
Fig. 10 is a block diagram (bottom view) of the present invention for a round bar-shaped member to be measured.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the members to be tested and the strain gage (the strain gage and the members are in the same direction) according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the connection of the components to be tested and the strain gauge (the strain gauge is at a certain angle to the components) according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of theoretical strain value calculation for the test of the present invention.
Wherein 1 is the briquetting, 2 is the cushion, 3 is fastening bolt, 4 is the bolt hole, 5 is the blind groove, 6 is the component that awaits measuring, 7 is the guiding groove, 8 is the foil gage, 9 is the foil gage.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Fig. 1 and 2 show the device in its assembled state when it is in operation, from both top and front views. Fig. 3 and 4 show the construction of the pad device from both front and side views, respectively. Fig. 5 to 10 show the structure of the briquette apparatus from the front, side and bottom views. The invention designs two types of pressing blocks for adapting to different types of test components, wherein the pressing surfaces of the pressing blocks shown in fig. 5-7 are smooth, and the pressing blocks are suitable for sheet-shaped, plate-shaped and square rod-shaped components, and the pressing blocks shown in fig. 8-10 are provided with guide grooves 7 on the pressing surfaces, so that the pressing blocks can prevent the components from sliding after being stressed, and are suitable for round rod-shaped components. Fig. 11 and fig. 12 show connection conditions when a strain test is performed after a member to be tested is attached with a strain gauge, wherein the strain gauge in fig. 11 is the same as the member in the length direction, and an included angle between the strain gauge in fig. 12 and the member in the length direction is alpha. Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of strain value calculation for understanding the derivation of the theoretical strain value calculation formula during component testing.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the strain gauge sticking quality testing device consists of a cushion block 1, a press block 2 and a fastening bolt 3, wherein the press block 1 and the cushion block 2 are provided with arc surfaces which are matched with each other. The member 6to be measured is clamped between the cushion block 1 and the pressing block 2, and the arc surface is the contact surface with the member 6. Four fastening bolts 3 pass through the bolt holes 4 to integrate the whole device.
Example 1.
As shown in fig. 1,2 and 5-7, the strain gauge sticking quality testing device in this embodiment is composed of three parts, namely a cushion block 2, a pressing block 1 and a fastening bolt 3.
The width of the cushion block 2 is larger than that of the member 6 to be tested.
The spacer 2 should have a sufficient thickness to ensure the overall rigidity of the spacer 2.
One side of the cushion block 2 in the thickness direction is a plane for installing the bolt 3, the other side is an outwards convex cambered surface with fixed curvature, and the curvature radius R of the outwards convex cambered surface is such that the thickness H of the member to be tested 6/the curvature radius R of the cushion block=1 per mill-1%. Wherein the cambered surface is the surface in contact with the member 6 to be measured.
The length direction of the cushion block 2 is consistent with the length direction of the member 6 to be tested. Four corners of the cushion block 2 are respectively provided with bolt holes 4 penetrating through the thickness direction, and the bolt holes are used for installing the fastening bolts 3 to connect with the pressing block 1.
The width of the pressing block 1 is consistent with that of the cushion block 2.
The briquette 1 should have a sufficient thickness to ensure the overall rigidity of the briquette 1. One side of the pressing block 1 in the thickness direction is a plane, and the other side is a concave cambered surface consistent with the cambered surface curvature of the cushion block 2.
The length direction of the pressing block 1 is consistent with that of the cushion block 2.
The concave cambered surface of the pressing block 1 is provided with a blind groove 5 which is slightly larger than the size of the strain gauge 8 along the radian direction, and the blind groove 5 is aligned with the strain gauge 8 on the member 6 to be tested when the testing device is installed, so that the strain gauge 8 is in the blind groove 5 and can deform freely.
For the sheet, plate and square bar-shaped member 6 to be measured, the pressing block 1 in this embodiment selects the pressing block 1 with the inner side of the concave cambered surface as the smooth section.
Four corners of the pressing block 1 are respectively provided with bolt holes 4 which are consistent with the cushion block 2 and penetrate through the thickness direction.
The fastening bolt 3 connects the cushion block 2 and the pressing block 1 together through the bolt hole 4.
The cushion block 2 and the pressing block 1 can be made of solid steel or other materials with high rigidity.
In this embodiment, the pressing block 1 and the cushion block 2 have arc surfaces which are matched with each other. The member 6 to be measured is clamped between the cushion block 1 and the pressing block 2, and the arc surface is the contact surface with the member 6. Four fastening bolts 3 pass through the bolt holes 4 to integrate the whole device.
Example 2.
As shown in fig. 8-10, for a round bar-shaped member 6 to be tested, the press block 1 according to the embodiment selects the press block 1 with the triangular inclined guiding groove 7 on the inner side of the concave cambered surface to prevent the member 6 to be tested from sliding after being stressed. Other components and structures are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 3.
In this embodiment, the member 6 to be measured is sheet-shaped, and the strain gauge 8 is adhered to the member 6 to be measured, so that the length directions of the two members are consistent. The pressing block is selected to be a smooth cambered surface, as shown in fig. 5-7, and meanwhile, the wiring mode of the strain gauge is as shown in fig. 11, and the main steps of the test of the bonding quality of the strain gauge comprise:
(1) Measuring the thickness H of the member 6 to be measured by a vernier caliper, connecting the strain gauge 8 with the strain gauge 9 through a lead, and measuring and reading strain data as initial data under the condition of no external force;
(2) A small amount of vaseline is smeared on the surface of the member 6 to be measured. The cambered surfaces of the cushion block 2 and the pressing block 1 are opposite and clamped at two sides of the member to be tested 6, the length direction of the cushion block 2 and the pressing block 1 is required to be consistent with the member to be tested 6 during installation, the position of the adhered strain gauge 8 can fall in the hidden groove 5, and the pressing block 1 is ensured not to be directly contacted with the strain gauge 8 during compression;
(3) The fastening bolts 3 penetrate through the bolt holes 4 to connect the cushion block 2 with the pressing block 1, the bolts and nuts are fastened through a spanner, and the fastening process should sequentially pull the fastening bolts 3 in the diagonal direction. The member 6 to be tested is bent along with the cambered surface of the pressing block 1 until the member is completely attached to the cushion block 2, strain data at the moment are measured and read, and whether the strain gauge is firmly attached or not is judged according to the stability of the data. If the data do not have obvious drifting phenomenon, calculating an actual strain value epsilon r generated in the bending process of the member to be tested;
(4) Using the formula Calculating theoretical strain value of member 6 to be measuredComparison of ε r withAnd judging whether the attaching quality of the strain gauge is good or bad through errors.
Example 4.
The present embodiment considers the case where the member to be measured 6 is in the shape of a circular rod, and the attaching direction of the strain gauge 8 forms an angle α with the longitudinal direction of the member to be measured 6. The cambered surface of the selected briquetting is provided with a guide groove 7 as shown in fig. 8-10, meanwhile, the wiring mode of the strain gauge is as shown in fig. 12, and the main steps of the test of the bonding quality of the strain gauge comprise:
(1) Measuring the thickness H of the member 6 to be measured by a vernier caliper, connecting the strain gauge 8 with the strain gauge 9 through a lead, and measuring and reading strain data as initial data under the condition of no external force;
(2) A small amount of vaseline is smeared on the surface of the member 6 to be measured. The cambered surfaces of the cushion block 2 and the pressing block 1 are opposite and clamped at two sides of the member to be tested 6, the member to be tested 6 is aligned with the guide groove 7 during installation, the member to be tested 6 is ensured not to slide out of the guide groove 7 when being pressed, the position of the adhered strain gauge 8 can fall in the hidden groove 5, and the pressing block 1 is ensured not to directly contact with the strain gauge 8 when being pressed;
(3) The fastening bolt 3 passes through the bolt hole 4, connects the cushion block 2 and the pressing block 1 together, and fastens a bolt nut through a spanner. The member 6 to be tested is bent along with the cambered surface of the pressing block 1 until the member is completely attached to the cushion block 2, strain data at the moment are measured and read, and whether the strain gauge is firmly attached is judged according to the stability of the data. If the data does not have obvious drift phenomenon, calculating an actual strain value epsilon r generated in the bending process of the strain gauge 8;
(4) Using the formula Converting the actual strain value epsilon' r of the member 6 to be measured in the bending direction by adoptingCalculating theoretical strain value of member 6 to be measuredComparing ε' r toAnd judging whether the attaching quality of the strain gauge is good or bad through errors.
And (3) analyzing results, namely using a testing device for the bonding quality of the strain gauge to rapidly test whether the strain gauge is qualified or not before the member bears larger external force and strain detection. The device has the advantages of simple principle, easy operation, high test efficiency and no influence on the original strain detection progress. The testing device can be suitable for various different component shapes and different strain gauge pasting modes, and can be used for various occasions such as laboratory test piece detection, engineering field structure detection and the like. A large number of comparison tests show that after the strain gauge sticking quality testing device is adopted, the strain gauge failure probability is greatly reduced, and the data integrity of the strain test is obviously improved.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the present invention is not limited thereto, but rather, any simple modification, equivalent transformation or decoration made according to the technical spirit of the present invention is included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The device for testing the sticking quality of the strain gauge is characterized by comprising a cushion block, a pressing block and a fastening bolt, wherein the cushion block and the pressing block are fixed by the fastening bolt;
the width of the cushion block is larger than that of the member to be tested;
The thickness of the cushion block is required to ensure that the cushion block has enough overall rigidity;
The other side of the cushion block is an outwards convex cambered surface with fixed curvature, the curvature radius R of the outwards convex cambered surface is such that the thickness H of the member to be tested/the curvature radius R of the cushion block is 1 per mill-1%, and the cambered surface is a surface contacted with the member to be tested;
the four corners of the cushion block are respectively provided with bolt holes penetrating through the thickness direction and are used for installing fastening bolts to connect the fastening bolts with the pressing blocks;
the width of the pressing block is consistent with that of the cushion block;
the thickness of the pressing block is ensured to have enough overall rigidity, one side of the pressing block in the thickness direction is a plane, and the other side of the pressing block is a concave cambered surface with the same curvature as that of the cambered surface of the cushion block;
The length direction of the pressing block is consistent with that of the cushion block;
The concave cambered surface of the pressing block is provided with a blind groove slightly larger than the size of the strain gauge along the radian direction, and the blind groove is aligned with the strain gauge on the member to be tested when the testing device is installed, so that the strain gauge is in the blind groove and can deform freely;
four corners of the pressing block are respectively provided with bolt holes which are consistent with the cushion blocks and penetrate through the thickness direction;
The fastening bolt connects the cushion block and the pressing block together through the bolt hole;
the bolt and the nut are fastened by a spanner, so that the member to be tested is bent along with the cambered surface of the pressing block until the member to be tested is completely attached to the cushion block.
2. The device for testing the sticking quality of the strain gauge according to claim 1, wherein the inner side of the concave cambered surface of the pressing block is a smooth section for a sheet-shaped, plate-shaped or square-rod-shaped member to be tested or a section for a round-rod-shaped member to be tested, which contains a triangular inclined surface guide groove.
3. The method for using the strain gauge sticking quality testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Connecting a strain gauge on a member to be measured with a strain gauge in a natural state, measuring and reading strain data, and measuring a thickness value H of the member to be measured;
(2) Smearing a small amount of vaseline on the surface of the member to be measured, respectively clamping the member to be measured from two sides of the member to be measured by using the cushion block and the pressing block, enabling the strain gauge to fall into the blind groove, and enabling the length directions of the cushion block and the pressing block to be consistent with the length directions of the member to be measured;
(3) The method comprises the steps of enabling a fastening bolt to penetrate through bolt holes in four corners of a cushion block and a pressing block, fastening a bolt nut through a spanner, enabling a member to be tested to bend along with the cambered surface of the pressing block until the member is completely attached to the cushion block, measuring and reading strain data, calculating an actual strain value epsilon r generated by a strain gauge after bending, and judging that the attaching quality of the strain gauge is poor and the strain gauge needs to be attached again if the data is obviously unstable at the moment;
(4) In the length direction of the member to be measured, the theoretical strain value of the member to be measured should be:
Wherein H is the thickness of the member to be measured, R is the curvature radius of the cushion block, and epsilon r can be directly compared with the length direction of the member to be measured under the condition that the attaching direction of the strain gauge is completely consistent with the length direction of the member to be measured If the deviation of the two values is large, the strain gauge is judged to have poor adhering quality and needs to be adhered again, and if the adhering direction of the strain gauge is required to form an included angle alpha with the length direction of the member to be measured, epsilon r is required to be converted into a strain value in the length direction of the member:
then, ε r' is compared with If the deviation of the two values is large, the quality of the strain gauge is judged to be poor, and the strain gauge needs to be re-adhered.
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| CN218524103U (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-02-24 | 中恒建设集团有限公司 | A strain gauge sticking quality testing device |
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| CN211202540U (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2020-08-07 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Strain gauge paster instrument |
| CN112325763B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-02-01 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Inspection device and inspection method for detecting mounting quality of mounted strain gauge |
| CN114754908A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | Equipment is pasted to curved surface wall resistance foil gage location |
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2022
- 2022-10-14 CN CN202211258275.6A patent/CN115479535B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN218524103U (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-02-24 | 中恒建设集团有限公司 | A strain gauge sticking quality testing device |
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| CN115479535A (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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