CN115544942B - Non-uniform array design method without fuzzy direction finding - Google Patents
Non-uniform array design method without fuzzy direction findingInfo
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- CN115544942B CN115544942B CN202211130090.7A CN202211130090A CN115544942B CN 115544942 B CN115544942 B CN 115544942B CN 202211130090 A CN202211130090 A CN 202211130090A CN 115544942 B CN115544942 B CN 115544942B
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-uniform array design method without fuzzy direction finding, which is a non-uniform direction finding array method without fuzzy high precision based on reasonable traversal design of a computer. Firstly, calculating all possible reasonable non-uniform array forms in actual conditions, and testing the non-uniform arrays on high-frequency easily-fuzzy frequency points by using a MUSIC algorithm, wherein factors which possibly cause angle measurement ambiguity, such as channel inconsistency, and the like, can be added during testing. And after the form is selected, verifying whether the blur-free high-precision angle measurement can be realized in the required angle measurement range. If the selection is not satisfactory, selecting other array forms with small root mean square error again, and testing again until the design requirement is met. The invention can consider factors influencing angle measurement ambiguity in array design, has reliable design mode and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a non-uniform array design method for realizing non-fuzzy one-dimensional direction finding and two-dimensional direction finding in the DOA (direction of arrival) field, and can achieve better direction finding effect when a signal frequency band spans a wider range.
Background
The direction-finding system plays an important role in a plurality of application fields, such as radar systems, sonar systems, communication systems, navigation, geographic positioning, military weapon fields and the like, and certain direction-finding systems need to span a very wide frequency band range, such as radar signal reconnaissance frequency bands 2GHz-18GHz. The high frequency band can ensure the direction-finding precision, but the problem of ambiguity possibly exists, the low frequency band can not exist, but the direction-finding precision is difficult to ensure, so that a great number of fuzzy solving algorithms, such as a long-short baseline method, a virtual baseline method and the like, are proposed for early interferometer direction-finding, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is greatly reduced and even fails when the influence of array element mutual coupling and channel inconsistency exists. When the aperture of the array is limited, the problems are directly related to the arrangement of the array and the array element spacing. The array element spacing of the uniform array has larger influence on direction finding ambiguity, and the distance is larger than half wavelength, so that the problem of direction finding ambiguity can be caused, and the research on how to reasonably place the antenna array element position in the antenna disc with limited array element placing space by adjusting the position of the antenna array element is performed, thereby solving the problem that the uniform array has direction finding ambiguity when the aperture wavelength is larger, and having important significance on a high-precision broadband direction finding system. For non-uniform arrays, expert scholars have proposed more classical non-uniform arrays, such as the minimum redundant linear array proposed by Moffet, a, and the generalized minimum redundant array derived therefrom, as well as the maximum sequential delay array, the minimum gap array, etc. In recent years, the concept of nested arrays has been proposed by the teachings of Piya Pal and p.p. vaidyanothan, but the minimum spacing is still less than half the wavelength of the signal, and at higher frequencies, the mutual coupling effect is obvious, although a series of derivative array forms such as super-nested arrays are derived later. The concept of mutual mass arrays was subsequently proposed by Piya Pal and p.p. vaidyanothan two-position scholars, but the above problems remain. Aiming at the problems, the method for searching the optimal array form is provided, so that the influence of factors such as channel inconsistency, mutual coupling effect and the like on direction finding is overcome, and the purposes of higher angle finding precision and no fuzzy value are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, the array aperture Dmm is adopted, the antenna diameter is assumed to be Dmm, the number of the antennas is assumed to be N, and under the condition, the arrangement positions of the array elements can be approximately traversed, so that an array arrangement form with no direction finding ambiguity, small direction finding error and good effect in the angle finding range and the angle finding frequency range (2 GHz-18 GHz) is sought.
The design method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the array aperture and the array element number, calculating the minimum spacing and the maximum spacing which can be achieved by the adjacent array elements of the antenna;
(2) Determining the array element moving step length according to the adjacent interval range obtained in the step (1) so as to ensure the consistency with the actual situation;
(3) Determining all possible array element placement forms for the array element moving step length in the step (2);
(4) Determining the highest frequency according to the required angle measurement frequency range, and determining the angle stepping interval according to the angle measurement precision so as to meet the angle measurement precision requirement, wherein influence factors such as channel inconsistency and the like can be set in the step;
(5) Carrying out a Monte Carlo experiment by using the parameters obtained in the step (4), and testing all array forms in the step (3) under the highest frequency condition by using a MUSIC algorithm, and carrying out 100 Monte Carlo experiments at a certain angle to obtain the angle measurement root mean square error of all the arrays;
(6) Selecting one of the array forms with smaller angle measurement root mean square error from all the array placement forms in the step (3) according to the angle measurement result in the step (5);
(7) According to the array placement form obtained in the step (6), verifying whether the array form has angle measurement ambiguity in an angle measurement range and can meet the accuracy requirement, if so, obtaining an array obtained in the step (6) as a non-uniform array meeting the direction measurement requirement, and if not, repeating the steps (6) and (7) until an array meeting the requirement is found;
The invention also includes the following features:
1. the step (1) comprises the following steps:
In the one-dimensional case, the array aperture Dmm, the antenna diameter is assumed to be Dmm, the array element 1 is at the origin of coordinates O, the array element N is at the coordinates (D, 0), the other (N-2) array elements continuously change positions between the two array elements, the minimum spacing between the array elements is 1mm, and the maximum spacing is (D- (N-1) D) mm.
In the two-dimensional case, the array aperture Dmm, the antenna diameter is assumed to be Dmm, and the minimum spacing between array elements is ψ °. The maximum angular separation is (360- (N-1) ×ψ°).
2. The step (2) comprises the following steps:
Considering the actual situation, the array element placement error of the array antenna can reach more than 1mm, so that the array element placement position can be traversed in 1mm steps, and the actual situation is met. The error can reach 3 degrees when the two-dimensional circular array is used, and the position where the array elements are placed is traversed by 3-degree steps, so that the practical situation is met.
3. The step (3) is specifically as follows:
In the one-dimensional situation, the placement positions of the array elements are traversed in steps of 1mm, the array element 1 is positioned at the coordinate origin O, the array element N is positioned at the coordinate (D, 0), the positions of other (N-2) array elements are continuously changed between the two array elements, the swinging range ((d+1) - (2 x d+2)) of the array element 2 is mm, the swinging range of the array element 3 is that the position of the array element 2 is added with d+1mm till (3 x d+2) mm, the swinging range of the position of the array element 4 is that the position of the array element 3 is added with 31mm till (4 x d+2), and the like.
In the case of a two-dimensional circular array, the placement positions of array elements are traversed by beta-degree steps, the array element 1 is placed at an X coordinate (-D/2, 0), other N-1 array elements are placed clockwise, according to the minimum angle interval of the step (1), the array element 2 is at (phi-360 DEG- (N-2) phi), the array element 3 is at (2-360 DEG- (N-3) phi), and the like.
4. The step (4) is specifically as follows:
According to the angular frequency range, the highest frequency is f (GHz), and the angular precision delta DEG is measured, so that the angle stepping delta DEG, the channel inconsistency epsilon DEG can be set, other influencing factors such as the mutual coupling effect can be added in the step, and the reliability of the designed array is improved.
5. And (5) testing according to all array placement modes obtained in the step (3).
In the one-dimensional case, after the array forms are fixed, the MUSIC algorithm is utilized, under the condition that the incident signal is the highest frequency f (GHz), the incident angle alpha degrees, the channel inconsistency is epsilon degrees, and under the condition that the signal to noise ratio is low, the angle measurement is carried out on all the array placement forms obtained in the step (3), 100 Monte Carlo experiments are carried out on each array form, the root mean square error is calculated, and the array placement form with smaller root mean square error of the angle measurement is found.
And in the two-dimensional situation, selecting an azimuth angle and a pitch angle, carrying out 10 or 20 Monte Carlo experiments on each array form under the conditions of highest frequency, channel inconsistency of epsilon DEG and lower signal to noise ratio, calculating the square root mean square error of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and finding the array placement form with smaller square root mean square error of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
6. The step (7) is specifically that the array obtained according to the step (6) is:
In the one-dimensional situation, delta-degree is used as stepping traversal in the angle measurement range, whether the angle measurement range is free of blurring is verified, the root mean square error of the angle measurement is small, and if the angle measurement is in accordance with the requirements of no blurring and precision, the angle measurement is in a final non-uniform array design form. Otherwise, repeating the step (6) (7).
In the two-dimensional case, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle are required to be combined according to the angle stepping, all possible angle combinations are tested, each array form is subjected to 10 times or 20 times of Monte Carlo experiments, the root mean square error of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle is calculated, and if the angle combinations are not blurred and have higher precision in the angle measuring range, the array form is the design form of the final non-uniform array. Otherwise, repeating the step (6) (7).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that 1. The non-uniform array design mode provided by the invention has stronger flexibility and is more in line with the actual situation. 2. The invention is applicable to both one-dimensional and two-dimensional direction finding situations. 3. When a better array mode is found, influence factors such as channel inconsistency and mutual coupling effect can be added, so that an array with obvious mutual coupling effect or an array with larger influence by the channel inconsistency can be removed, and the influence of the channel inconsistency and the mutual coupling effect on the angle measurement can be solved. 4. Compared with an interferometer ambiguity resolution algorithm, the method uses the MUSIC algorithm to screen an array form, can obtain higher angle measurement precision, and has better robustness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one-dimensional direction-finding array element placement;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of two-dimensional direction-finding array element placement;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the root mean square error for all array versions of a one-dimensional array;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional array of all arrays form angle measurement root mean square error;
FIG. 6 is a graph of root mean square error over a range of angles for verifying a designed one-dimensional array;
fig. 7 is a graph of root mean square error over a range of angulation for a designed two-dimensional array.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
In the embodiment, the array aperture is 160mm, the array model is a one-dimensional non-uniform linear array, the array element number is 5, the incident signal is a narrow-band signal of 18GHz, in order to avoid that the observation angle falls on a grid, the incident angle of the signal is set to 29.3 degrees, the searching step length is set to 0.5 degrees, the signal-to-noise ratio is respectively set to two conditions of 0dB and 5dB, the snapshot number is 100, the channel inconsistency is 10 degrees, and 100 Monte Carlo experiments are carried out in each array form. The antenna diameter is assumed to be 30mm, the placement position of the array element is traversed in a stepping mode of 1mm, the array element 1 is located at the coordinate origin O, the array element 5 is located at the coordinate (160,0), the other three array elements continuously change positions between the two array elements, the swinging range of the array element 2 (31 mm-62 mm) is the swinging range of the array element 3, 31mm is added to the position of the array element 2, 62mm is subtracted from the position of the array element 5, and 31mm is added to the position of the array element 3, and 31mm is subtracted from the position of the array element 5. The specific placement form is shown in figure 2. And calculating the direction-finding root mean square error of each array, if the root mean square error is 5 degrees, considering that the array position may have a fuzzy condition, discarding the position, and finding out the position with smaller mean square error of the array position, as shown in fig. 4. Traversing at 0.1 degree within a range of the angle measurement (-30 degrees to 30 degrees), calculating the root mean square error of each angle, and selecting the array as a final array if the root mean square error can meet the requirement within the range of the angle measurement and the error is not large. The results are shown in FIG. 6.
The two-dimensional non-uniform circular array has array element number of 5, and the placement position is shown in figure 3. The incident signal is a narrow-band signal of 18GHz, the incident angle of the signal is set to be 20 degrees in azimuth angle, the pitch angle is 55 degrees, namely the course angle is 33.3 degrees, the elevation angle is 13.4 degrees, the search step length is set to be 0.5 degrees, the signal-to-noise ratio is set to be 13dB, the snapshot number is 100, the channel inconsistency is 10 degrees, and 10 Monte Carlo experiments are carried out in each array form. The antenna diameter is assumed to be 50mm, the array element is stepped for 3 DEG, the position of the array element 1 is changed continuously at the azimuth angle of 0 DEG, the swing azimuth angle range of the array element 2 is 60 DEG to (360 DEG-4X 60 DEG), the swing azimuth angle range of the array element 3 is 2+60 DEG to (360 DEG-3X 60 DEG), the swing azimuth angle range of the array element 4 is 3+60 DEG to (360 DEG-2X 60 DEG), the swing azimuth angle range of the array element 5 is 4+60 DEG to (360 DEG-1X 60 DEG), the direction finding root mean square error of each array is calculated, if the root mean square error is larger than 5 DEG, the array position is considered to be possible to have a fuzzy condition, and the array is abandoned, so that the position with smaller root mean square error of the array position is found. The result of the traversal is shown in fig. 5. The array was selected and verified to be clear of ambiguity over the angular range, the result being shown in figure 7.
Table 1 simulation parameter table
FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the angular accuracy of the present invention for one-and two-dimensional direction finding over an angular range;
This shows that the non-uniform array design method is effective and can realize unambiguous accurate angle measurement in a wide frequency range under the conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio and high channel inconsistency.
Other details and functions of the non-uniform array design according to the embodiments of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described herein for redundancy reduction.
In summary, the invention discloses a non-uniform direction-finding array method with no ambiguity and high precision based on reasonable computer traversal design. The invention firstly calculates all possible reasonable non-uniform array forms in actual conditions, then tests the non-uniform arrays on high-frequency easily-fuzzy frequency points by using a MUSIC algorithm, and factors which possibly cause angle measurement ambiguity, such as channel inconsistency, and the like, can be added during the test. And after the form is selected, finally verifying whether the blur-free high-precision angle measurement can be realized in the required angle measurement range. If the selection is not satisfactory, selecting other array forms with small root mean square error again, and testing again until the design requirement is met. The invention can consider factors influencing angle measurement ambiguity in array design, and the non-uniform array design mode is reliable and has good application prospect.
Claims (7)
1. The non-uniform array design method without fuzzy direction finding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
According to the aperture of the array and the number of array elements, calculating the minimum spacing and the maximum spacing which can be achieved by the adjacent array elements of the antenna;
step (2), determining the array element moving step length according to the adjacent interval range obtained in the step (1) so as to ensure the consistency with the actual situation;
step (3), determining all possible array element placement forms for the array element moving step length in the step (2);
Step (4), determining the highest frequency according to the required angle measurement frequency range, and determining the angle stepping interval according to the angle measurement precision so as to meet the angle measurement precision requirement;
Step (5), carrying out Monte Carlo experiments by using the parameters obtained in the step (4), and testing all array forms in the step (3) under the highest frequency condition by using a MUSIC algorithm, and carrying out 100 Monte Carlo experiments at a certain angle to obtain angle measurement root mean square errors of all the arrays;
Step (6), selecting one of the array forms with smaller angle measurement root mean square error from all the array placement forms in the step (3) according to the angle measurement result of the step (5);
And (7) verifying whether the array form has angle measurement ambiguity in an angle measurement range and whether the array form can meet the precision requirement according to the array placement form obtained in the step (6), if so, obtaining the array obtained in the step (6) as a non-uniform array meeting the direction measurement requirement, and if not, repeating the steps (6) and (7) until the array meeting the requirement is found.
2. The method for designing the non-uniform array without ambiguity direction finding according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is specifically that in a one-dimensional case, the array aperture Dmm is the antenna diameter Dmm, the array element 1 is at the origin of coordinates O, the array element N is at the coordinates (D, 0), the other (N-2) array elements continuously change positions between the two array elements, the minimum spacing between the array elements is 1mm, the maximum spacing is (D- (N-1) x D) mm, in a two-dimensional case, the array aperture Dmm is the antenna diameter Dmm, the minimum spacing between the array elements is ψ°, and the maximum angular spacing is (360- (N-1) x ψ°).
3. The non-uniform array design method without ambiguity as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises traversing the array element placement position in steps of 1mm and traversing the array element placement position in steps of 3 °.
4. The non-uniform array design method without ambiguity-finding as in claim 1, wherein the step (3) is specifically:
in the one-dimensional situation, the placement positions of the array elements are traversed in steps of 1mm, the array element 1 is positioned at the coordinate origin O, the array element N is positioned at the coordinate (D, 0), the positions of other (N-2) array elements are continuously changed between the two array elements, the swinging range ((d+1) - (2 x d+2)) of the array element 2 is mm, the swinging range of the array element 3 is that the position of the array element 2 is added with d+1mm till (3 x d+2) mm, the swinging range of the position of the array element 4 is that the position of the array element 3 is added with 31mm till (4 x d+2), and the like;
in the case of a two-dimensional circular array, the placement positions of array elements are traversed by beta-degree steps, the array element 1 is placed at an X coordinate (-D/2, 0), other N-1 array elements are placed clockwise, according to the minimum angle interval of the step (1), the array element 2 is at (phi-360 DEG- (N-2) phi), the array element 3 is at (2-360 DEG- (N-3) phi), and the like.
5. The method of non-uniform array design without ambiguity resolution according to claim 1, wherein step (4) is specifically to set an angle step δ according to the angular frequency range, the highest frequency being f (GHz), the angular accuracy δ °, the channel inconsistency ε °, and other influencing factors such as the mutual coupling effect are added in this step to increase the reliability of the designed array.
6. The non-uniform array design method without ambiguity-finding as set forth in claim 1, wherein the step (5) is specifically:
in the one-dimensional case, after the array forms are fixed, using a MUSIC algorithm, under the condition that an incident signal is the highest frequency f (GHz), the incident angle alpha degrees, the channel inconsistency is epsilon degrees, and under the condition that the signal to noise ratio is low, the array forms are subjected to angle measurement under all the array placement forms obtained in the step (3), each array form is subjected to 100 Monte Carlo experiments, the root mean square error of the array forms is calculated, and the array placement form with smaller angle measurement root mean square error is found;
and in the two-dimensional situation, selecting an azimuth angle and a pitch angle, carrying out 10 or 20 Monte Carlo experiments on each array form under the conditions of highest frequency, channel inconsistency of epsilon DEG and lower signal to noise ratio, calculating the square root mean square error of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle, and finding the array placement form with smaller square root mean square error of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle.
7. The non-uniform array design method without ambiguity-finding as in claim 1, wherein the step (7) is specifically:
step traversing by delta degree in the angle measurement range in one-dimensional condition, verifying whether the angle measurement range is free of blurring, and the root mean square error of the angle measurement is smaller, if the angle measurement range is in accordance with the requirements of no blurring and precision, the angle measurement range is the design form of the final non-uniform array, otherwise, repeating the steps (6) and (7);
and (3) in the two-dimensional situation, combining the azimuth angle and the pitch angle according to the angle stepping, testing all possible angle combinations, carrying out 10 or 20 Monte Carlo experiments on each array form, calculating the angle measurement root mean square error of the azimuth angle and the pitch angle, if all the angle combinations are free from blurring and have higher precision in the angle measurement range, obtaining the design form of the final non-uniform array, otherwise, repeating the steps (6) and (7).
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| CN112462363A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-03-09 | 中国人民解放军空军预警学院 | Coherent target parameter estimation method for non-uniform sparse polarization array |
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| CN109633526A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-16 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Non-homogeneous round battle array phase-interfer-ometer direction-finding ambiguity solution method based on directivity function |
| CN112462363A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-03-09 | 中国人民解放军空军预警学院 | Coherent target parameter estimation method for non-uniform sparse polarization array |
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