CN115690284A - A rendering method, device and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a rendering method, the rendering method is used for a rendering system, the rendering method is used for rendering an application, the application comprises at least one model, each model comprises a plurality of space cache areas, each space cache area comprises a plurality of angle areas, and the method comprises the following steps: in the process of rendering the current frame of the application, determining an angle area where an intersection point of the emergent ray and the model is located as a target angle area; obtaining an intermediate rendering result of the target angle area, which is pre-calculated before the current frame is rendered, wherein the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area is determined according to pre-rendering results of a plurality of incident rays passing through a target space cache area where the target angle area is located; and calculating the rendering result of the pixels in the current view plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area. According to the rendering method, the incident light and the emergent light are pre-calculated, so that the overall calculated amount and the real-time calculated amount in the ray tracing process are reduced, and the efficiency of ray tracing calculation is effectively improved while the high-quality rendering result is guaranteed.

Description

A rendering method, device and storage medium

technical field

The present application relates to the computer field, in particular to a rendering method, device and storage medium.

Background technique

Ray tracing rendering technology has always been the basic technology in the field of computer graphics. So far, this technology is the most important technology to achieve high-quality, realistic and high-quality images. However, this technology has always required a long calculation time to complete a large number of Monte Carlo integral calculations and generate the final calculation results. Therefore, this technology has been applied in offline rendering scenes, such as film and television, animation and other fields. But in recent years, the industry has been trying to apply ray tracing rendering technology to real-time rendering scenarios, such as games and augmented reality.

Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of real-time ray tracing rendering technology while ensuring high image quality has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Contents of the invention

The present application provides a rendering method, which can improve rendering efficiency.

The first aspect of the present application provides a rendering method, the rendering method is used for rendering an application, the application includes at least one model, each model includes multiple spatial buffer areas, each spatial buffer area includes multiple angle areas, the The method includes: during the process of rendering the current frame of the application, determining the angle area where the intersection point of the outgoing ray and the model is located as the target angle area; obtaining the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area pre-calculated before rendering the current frame, the The intermediate rendering result of the target angle area is determined according to the pre-rendering results of multiple incident rays passing through the target space buffer area where the target angle area is located; according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area, the rendering of the pixels in the current viewing plane is calculated result.

By pre-rendering the target angle area before rendering the current frame, an intermediate rendering result is obtained, and when the current frame is rendered, the rendering result of the current frame is obtained according to the intermediate rendering result. It avoids a large number of real-time ray tracing calculations when rendering the current frame, effectively saving calculation time and improving rendering efficiency.

In some possible designs, the method further includes: calculating a pixel rendering result according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the corresponding relationship between the pixel and the angle area. By establishing the corresponding relationship between the angle area and the pixel, after the intermediate rendering result of the angle area is determined, the rendering result of the pixel can be determined. By obtaining the intermediate rendering results of the angle area, a large number of real-time rendering calculations are avoided, and the rendering efficiency is improved.

In some possible designs, the method further includes: calculating the rendering result of the pixel in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set, wherein the plurality of angle areas corresponding to the pixel It includes the target angle area and the set of angle areas, the set of angle areas includes at least one angle area on the model.

When calculating the rendering result of a pixel, the RGB value of each light passing through the pixel is determined based on the intermediate rendering result, which effectively improves the efficiency of calculating the rendering result of each pixel.

In some possible designs, the method further includes: calculating the rendering result of another pixel in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set, wherein the other pixel corresponds to A plurality of angular regions includes the target angular region and the set of angular regions includes at least one angular region on the model.

By pre-computing the rendering result of the target angle area, it can be multiplexed for the calculation of rendering results of multiple pixels, thereby improving the computing efficiency of real-time rendering.

In some possible designs, the method further includes: performing ray-tracing rendering on the multiple incident rays passing through the object space cache area, to obtain pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays; As a result, an intermediate rendering result for the target angle region is calculated.

Determines the intermediate calculation results for outgoing rays based on the pre-rendered results of multiple incoming rays passing through the target space cache region. A large amount of ray tracing for the target angle area according to the traditional method is avoided, and multiple target angle areas in the same space cache area can share the pre-rendering result of the incident light. Therefore, compared with traditional ray tracing, based on the multiplexing of pre-rendering results, the rendering efficiency is significantly improved when calculating intermediate rendering results.

In some possible designs, the method further includes: performing weighted summation of the pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays to obtain an intermediate rendering result of the target angle area.

According to the pre-rendering results of multiple incident rays passing through the buffer area of the target space, the intermediate calculation result of the outgoing rays is determined based on a weighted summation. A large amount of ray tracing for the target angle area according to the traditional method is avoided, and multiple target angle areas in the same space cache area can share the pre-rendering result of the incident light. Therefore, compared with traditional ray tracing, based on the multiplexing of pre-rendering results, the rendering efficiency is significantly improved when calculating intermediate rendering results.

In some possible designs, the object space buffer area is hemispherical, and each incident ray is emitted from the center of the object space buffer area and points to the object space buffer area.

After the target space cache area is approximated as a sphere or hemisphere, the center of the sphere is used as a virtual viewpoint to realize the precalculation of the space cache area, because the emission angle of the light is from the center of the sphere to the space cache area, which can be more conveniently used for calculation Intermediate rendering results for outgoing rays.

In some possible designs, the method further includes: storing the intermediate rendering result. When performing real-time ray tracing rendering, the real-time rendering results of the current frame and subsequent frames can obtain the required rendering results from the stored intermediate rendering results. Among them, the intermediate rendering results of the same spatial cache area can be reused multiple times, effectively improving the rendering efficiency for the spatial cache area with intermediate rendering results in rendering.

The second aspect of the present application provides a rendering engine. The system includes a processing unit: the processing unit is configured to determine the angle area where the intersection point of the outgoing ray and the model is located as the target angle during the process of rendering the current frame of the application Area; obtain the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area pre-calculated before rendering the current frame. The intermediate rendering result of the target angle area is pre-rendered according to multiple incident rays passing through the target space cache area where the target angle area is located The result is determined; calculate the rendering result of the pixels in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area.

In some possible designs, the processing unit is further configured to calculate a pixel rendering result according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the corresponding relationship between the pixel and the angle area. By establishing the corresponding relationship between the angle area and the pixel, after the intermediate rendering result of the angle area is determined, the rendering result of the pixel can be determined. By obtaining the intermediate rendering results of the angle area, a large number of real-time rendering calculations are avoided, and the rendering efficiency is improved.

In some possible designs, the processing unit is further configured to calculate the rendering result of the pixel in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set, wherein the pixel corresponds to a plurality of The angle area includes the target angle area and the set of angle areas, and the set of angle areas includes at least one angle area on the model.

In some possible designs, the processing unit is further configured to calculate the rendering result of another pixel in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set, wherein the other pixel The corresponding plurality of angle areas include the target angle area and the set of angle areas, and the set of angle areas includes at least one angle area on the model.

In some possible designs, the processing unit is also used to perform ray-tracing rendering on the multiple incident rays passing through the target space buffer area, to obtain pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays; Pre-rendering result, calculate the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area.

In some possible designs, the processing unit is further configured to perform weighted summation of the pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays to obtain an intermediate rendering result of the target angle area.

In some possible designs, the object space buffer area is hemispherical, and each incident ray is emitted from the center of the object space buffer area and points to the object space buffer area.

In some possible designs, the storage unit is used to store the intermediate rendering result.

A third aspect of the present application provides a cluster of computing devices, including at least one computing device, each computing device includes a processor and a memory; the processor of the at least one computing device is used to execute instructions stored in the memory of the at least one computing device, So that the computing device executes the method provided in the first aspect.

A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product containing instructions, when the instruction is executed by a cluster of computer equipment, the cluster of computer equipment executes the method as provided in the first aspect.

A fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, including computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed by a cluster of computing devices, the cluster of computing devices executes the method as provided in the first aspect.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical methods of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spatial buffer area and a virtual viewpoint provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an angular resolution provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model angle area provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another three-dimensional model angle area provided by the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a rendering method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an incident light provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an outgoing light provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a rendering engine provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a computing device cluster provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a connection mode of a computing device cluster provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a connection manner of a computing device cluster provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the following will describe the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

The terms "first" and "second" in the specification, claims and drawings of the present application are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally It also includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The occurrences of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It will be understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, and "at least two (items)" means two or three And three or more, "and/or", is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, "A and/or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A exists at the same time and B, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one item (piece) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c ", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

This application provides a rendering method. In order to describe the solution of this application more clearly, some knowledge related to rendering will be introduced below.

Space cache area (space cache area): The space cache area refers to the smallest plane constituent unit in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. Usually in rendering, a spatial cache area can be constructed based on any one of the barycenter point of the patch, the pixel point of the texture/texture space, or the point cloud. For example, with the center of gravity of the patch as the center of the sphere, a spherical/hemispherical spatial cache area may be established, and the spatial cache area is used for caching rendering data.

Angle area (angle area): The angle area refers to the smallest unit for caching in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. Usually in rendering, the surface of the space cache area can be divided into multiple angle areas according to the included angle with the coordinate axis. These angular areas can be any polygon, quadrilaterals are commonly used. The intersection point of each side of these angle areas is the vertex of each angle area.

The number of rays traced per angle area (sample per angle area, SPAA): the number of rays traced per angle area refers to the number of rays passing through each angle area. Among them, the angle region is the smallest unit in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. Usually the screen we see is made up of pixels arranged one by one, and each pixel can correspond to one or more angular areas in space. The color of a pixel is calculated based on the color (red, green, blue, RGB) of its corresponding angular region. In ray tracing, the number of rays traced per angular area can affect the rendering result. The higher the number of rays traced per angle area, the more rays will be cast from the viewpoint to the model in 3D space. The more rays are cast on each angle area, the more accurate the calculation of the rendering result of each angle area can be.

Ray tracing (ray tracing): Ray tracing, also known as ray tracing or ray tracing, is a general technique from geometric optics, which obtains a model of the path of light by tracing the rays that interact with optical surfaces. It is used in the design of optical systems such as camera lenses, microscopes, telescopes, and binoculars. When used for rendering, the mathematical model of the choreographed scene emerges through a technique that traces the rays emanating from the eye rather than from the light source. The results obtained are similar to those of ray casting and scanline rendering methods, but this method has better optical effects. For example, reflection and transmission have more accurate simulation effects, and the efficiency is very high, so this method is often used when pursuing such high-quality results. Specifically, the ray tracing method first calculates the distance, direction, and new position that a ray travels in a medium before it is absorbed by the medium or changes direction. Then a new ray is generated from this new position, and the same processing method is used to finally calculate a complete path of the ray in the medium. Since the algorithm is a complete simulation of the imaging system, complex pictures can be simulated.

Material: The material of the model in the space can be divided into transmission material, specular reflection material and diffuse reflection material according to the refraction and reflection conditions. Among them, the transmission material refers to the material that will transmit, such as water drops, crystals, etc.; the specular reflection material refers to the material that undergoes regular total reflection, such as a mirror surface, smooth metal surface, etc.; and the diffuse reflection material refers to the material that occurs Irregularly reflective materials, such as rough stones and table tops. The space includes multiple spatial buffer areas, and each spatial buffer area includes multiple angle areas. It is generally believed that one spatial buffer area corresponds to one material, so each angle area included in the same spatial buffer area also corresponds to the same material.

Traditional ray tracing technology needs to perform massive real-time calculations on a large number of rays in a three-dimensional space, which has an impact on the computing power of the hardware (such as a central processing unit (CPU) or GPU (Graphics processing unit, GPU)) that performs calculations. Very demanding. Generally speaking, it takes hours or even days to complete the calculation of a frame with high quality. In other words, it is difficult to ensure computational efficiency while maintaining image quality.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present invention proposes a rendering method. This method can greatly improve computing efficiency while ensuring high picture quality.

Specifically, pre-computation is performed on the RGB values of the angle area in the space, and the pre-calculation result is cached in units of the angle area. The aforementioned pre-computation operation occurs before real-time calculation, so when performing real-time calculation, after determining (tracking) the angle area corresponding to the pixel point according to the method of ray tracing, the RGB value of the angle area can not be calculated in real time. Next, directly obtain the RGB value of the corresponding angle area from the cached data. Further, according to the RGB value of the angle area and the corresponding relationship between the angle area and the pixel point, the RGB value of the pixel point can be quickly obtained, so as to complete the rendering operation.

Next, take Figure 1 as an example to introduce concepts such as angular regions and virtual viewpoints in space, and the relationship between them.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the space includes at least a model 100 , a virtual view point 102 , a virtual view plane 104 and a light source 106 . Wherein, the outer surface of the model 100 is divided into multiple regions, and FIG. 1 shows the division of one of the surfaces. As shown in FIG. 1 , an outer surface of the model 100 is divided into six regions of different sizes. It should be noted that the sizes of the regions may be the same or different. Generally speaking, these areas are very small and can be called spatial cache areas. As mentioned earlier, each spatial cache region corresponds to a material. Further, after the spatial buffer area is determined, the surface of the spatial buffer area may be divided into multiple angular areas according to angles. How to divide will be introduced below.

The virtual viewpoint 102 is used to simulate the existence of human eyes in a virtual three-dimensional space, and is used to perceive three-dimensional structures. In some possible implementations, the virtual ten point 102 may be a binocular point of view. Specifically, binocular viewpoint or multi-view viewpoint refers to obtaining two or more images from two or more different viewpoints to reconstruct the 3D structure or depth information of the target model.

The virtual viewing plane 104 is used to simulate the existence of the display screen in a virtual three-dimensional space. Like a display screen, the virtual viewing plane 104 is divided into a plurality of pixels. As shown in FIG. 1 , the virtual viewing plane 104 includes at least 9 pixels. There is a certain correspondence between each pixel and the spatial cache area contained in the model in the space. That is to say, there is a certain corresponding relationship between each pixel point and the angular area contained in the model in space. Further, the RGB value of each pixel can be determined by calculating the RGB value of the angle area.

It can be seen that the three first rays passing through the black framed pixel shown in FIG. 1 (the pixel in the middle of the virtual viewing plane 104 ) hit the two spatial buffers when they first touch the model 100 area. That is, the pixel corresponds to at least the two hit spatial cache areas. In other words, the RGB of the two spatial buffer areas can be used to calculate the RGB value of this pixel.

It should be noted that the same spatial buffer area may correspond to multiple pixel points, and one pixel point may also correspond to multiple spatial buffer areas.

After the RGB value of each pixel in the virtual viewing plane 104 is determined, a frame of rendering result can be obtained. That is, every time ray tracing is performed, a frame of rendering results can be obtained.

The reverse ray tracing method is one of the ray tracing methods. The model in space can be seen because its surfaces refract/reflect light from the light source and enter the eye (virtual viewpoint 102). Traditional ray tracing requires tracing calculations for a large number of rays that fail to enter the eye (virtual viewpoint 102 ), so a large number of calculations is meaningless. In reverse ray tracing, it is assumed that light rays are emitted from the eye (virtual viewpoint 102), and return to the light source after touching the model. Through this method, try to ensure that all calculations are effective rays, thereby improving the calculation efficiency of ray tracing.

For example, a plurality of first rays are emitted from the virtual view point 102, and after passing through a certain pixel point in the virtual view plane 104, the first contacted model (such as the model 100) and the space cache where the contact point is determined are determined. area (or angular area). According to the material of the model, the ray tracing is continued until the light source 106 is traced, or the maximum number of tracings is reached. Wherein, the light source 106 may be one or more of the following light sources: a point light source, a line light source, or a surface light source.

According to the parameters of the light source, the parameters of the model, the angle of incidence, etc., the RGB value of each first ray can be determined. Further, the RGB value of the pixel point may be determined according to the RGB value of the first ray passing through the same pixel point. By analogy, the RGB value of each pixel in the entire virtual viewing plane 104 can be obtained, and then a frame of rendering results can be obtained.

Optionally, the RGB value of the spatial buffer area may also be determined according to the RGB value of the first ray contacted by the same spatial buffer area, and the RGB value of the angular area may also be determined according to the RGB value of the first ray contacted by the same angular area.

Specifically, after the RGB values of the multiple first rays are determined, the RGB values of the spatial buffer area may be determined according to the RGB values of multiple tracing rays on the same spatial buffer area. Optionally, it can be obtained by calculating the mean value.

Similarly, after the RGB values of the plurality of first rays are determined, the RGB values of the angle area may also be determined according to the RGB values of multiple tracing rays on the same angle area.

Next, taking FIG. 2 as an example, the concept of angular resolution is introduced for the spatial buffer area in the model 100 in FIG. 1 , and the relationship between the spatial buffer area and the angular area is introduced.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the model 201 represents a 3D model of a "rabbit", and the surface of the 3D model is composed of multiple spatial buffer regions. Next, a spatial cache area 202 in the "rabbit" model will be introduced as an example. As mentioned above, each spatial buffer area corresponds to a material, and it is assumed that the material of the spatial buffer area 202 is a diffuse reflection material.

The spatial cache area 202 represents a spatial cache area (hemisphere) in the model 201 . The color of the incident light pointing out of the hemisphere in different directions with the center of the hemisphere (the center of the space buffer area) as a virtual viewpoint is stored on the hemisphere. Wherein, the center of the sphere is the eye (virtual viewpoint 102) in FIG. 1 .

Figure 2 shows several incident lights emitted from the center of the sphere. In traditional ray tracing, the more rays of incident light that pass through a spatial buffer area, the more accurate the RGB calculation of the spatial buffer area will be. However, in the embodiment provided by the present application, the more the number of incident light rays SPAA passing through each angle area, the more light rays will be projected into the three-dimensional space from the virtual viewpoint of the 3D model. The more rays cast on each angular area, the more accurate the calculation of its rendering result.

As mentioned above, the surface of the 3D model can be divided into multiple spatial buffer regions according to the angle. Further, each spatial buffer area may be divided into multiple angle areas according to angles. The division of angle regions will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

First, the angular resolution indicates the number of angular regions contained in a spatial buffer region. Taking a hemispherical spatial buffer area as an example, the hemispherical shape can be divided into 360*90 angular areas with a unit of 1 degree. That is, the angular resolution of the spatial buffer area is 360*90.

Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an effect of a three-dimensional model angle area provided by an embodiment of the present application.

以及中心点

邻域的点构成的球体表面上的四边略鼓的近似方块S0。以球体的球心O作为原点构建三维正交坐标系，其中，三维正交坐标系包括x轴，y轴以及z轴。中心点P的各个坐标中，r表示为球心O至中心点P的线段OP的长度，θ表示为线段OP与正z轴之间的夹角，φ表示为线段OP在xOy平面上的投影与x轴之间的夹角。在一些具体的实施例中，可以在球体上均匀地设置n个中心点P_1,P_2,…,P_n，如果非中心点Q_i与中心点P_i的距离最短，则非中心点Q_i与中心点P_i属于同一个角度区域。As shown in Figure 3, taking the 3D model as a sphere as an example, the angle area can be expressed as the center point

and the center point

An approximate square S0 with slightly bulging four sides on the surface of a sphere formed by the points in the neighborhood. A three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system is constructed with the center O of the sphere as an origin, wherein the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system includes an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis. In each coordinate of the center point P, r represents the length of the line segment OP from the center O to the center point P, θ represents the angle between the line segment OP and the positive z-axis, and φ represents the projection of the line segment OP on the xOy plane Angle with the x-axis. In some specific embodiments, n center points P_1, P_2,..., P_n can be evenly set on the sphere. If the distance between the non-central point Q_i and the central point P_i is the shortest, then the non-central point Q_i and the central point P_i belong to same angle area.

Based on the above schematic diagram of the effect of the angular area of the 3D model, it can be seen that when the division standard of the 3D orthogonal coordinates is finer, the angular area formed by the non-central point Q_i and the central point P_i is also finer. Therefore, multiple angular regions of the model can be obtained through the angular region division method in Fig. 3 .

Please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an effect of a three-dimensional model angle area provided by an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 4 , taking the three-dimensional model as a curved surface model as an example, the angular region can be expressed as a square on the curved surface represented by P(u,t). Construct a two-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system with a set origin of the surface, where the coordinate system includes u-axis and t-axis. u represents the offset in one direction for setting the origin of the surface, t represents the offset in the other orthogonal direction, and P(u,t) represents the four vertices in the (u,t) coordinate system as shown in Figure 4 composed of blocks.

Similarly, based on the above schematic diagram of the effect of the angular area of the 3D model, it can be seen that when the division standard of the 2D orthogonal coordinates is finer, the block represented by P(u,t) is also finer. Therefore, multiple angular regions of the model can also be obtained through the angular region division method in Fig. 4 .

It can be understood that the above-mentioned shape of the angle region is only used as a specific example, and in practical applications, the angle region may also have other shapes, which are not specifically limited here. In addition, the size of the angle area can be set as required, and the smaller the size of the angle area can be set when the higher the accuracy of the rendered image is required.

Next, a rendering method 100 is introduced, and FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the rendering method.

S101: The rendering system 200 calculates a pre-rendering result of each incident light in a space.

Before rendering, first introduce the source of each model in the space. The models and parameters in the current space are generated by the rendering application. Optionally, the models can be selected and combined in the model library according to the parameters and instructions included in the rendering application to form the content to be rendered in the space (models in the space).

Next, taking a spatial cache area in the space as an example, the rendering method provided by the embodiment of the present application is introduced.

FIG. 6 shows a hemispherical spatial buffer area, and point o is the center of the hemispheric shape. Incident light refers to the light emitted by point o and passing through the surface of the spatial buffer region. FIG. 6 exemplarily shows part of the incident light in the spatial buffer area.

Before performing real-time calculation, a certain amount of incident light can be simulated on the spatial cache area, so as to realize pre-computation for the spatial cache area. In addition, the distribution of the aforementioned certain amount of incident light may also be set as required.

For example, when performing precomputation, 10,000 incident lights can be simulated on a spatial cache area, and the 10,000 incident lights are uniformly distributed throughout the hemisphere. It should be noted that the distribution of the incident light is independent of the angular resolution.

For another example, when the spatial buffer area is a sphere, the incident light may be uniformly distributed throughout the sphere.

中至少有一个不相同。进一步地，根据设置的夹角的分布情况可以确定每一入射光对应的r、θ和

从而实现入射光的模拟。The above-mentioned certain amount of incident light corresponds to the intersection point on the space buffer area and the length r of the line connecting point o is the same, and the included angle θ,

At least one of them is different. Further, according to the distribution of the set angles, the corresponding r, θ and

In this way, the simulation of incident light is realized.

After the distribution of the incident light is determined, the pre-rendering result (RGB value) of the certain amount of incident light may be calculated according to the ray tracing method or the reverse ray tracing method. That is, corresponding to FIG. 1 , the point o in FIG. 6 is the virtual viewpoint 102 , and the hemispherical space buffer area corresponds to a certain space buffer area in the model 100 . Specifically, the pre-rendering result of each incident light is determined according to one or more of factors such as a light source in the space, a material of the contacted spatial buffer area, and a contact angle of the contacted spatial buffer area.

The above is an example of a ray in a spatial cache area, and introduces how to calculate the pre-rendered result of the incident light. According to this method, the pre-rendering results of the certain number of incident lights and the pre-rendering results of the certain number of incident lights corresponding to the plurality of spatial buffer areas can be further calculated.

S103: The rendering system 200 stores a pre-rendering result of each incident light in a space.

After the calculation of the pre-rendering result for a certain amount of incident light is completed in S101, it needs to be stored. Specifically, storage may be performed in units of intersections. Wherein, the intersection point indicates the intersection point of the incident light and the spatial buffer area.

这两个参数组成的二维数组

Optionally, storage may also be performed in units of two-dimensional included angles. Among them, the two-dimensional included angle indicates the θ and

A two-dimensional array of these two parameters

It should be noted that the above-mentioned storage operation is introduced using a spatial cache area as an example. According to this method, the pre-rendering results of a certain number of incident lights and the pre-rendering results of a certain number of incident lights corresponding to multiple spatial buffer areas can be further stored.

S105: The rendering system 200 calculates RGB values of each outgoing light in the space.

The above-mentioned pre-prediction is not carried out in the unit of angle area, but simulates light in the hemisphere/sphere corresponding to the space buffer area according to a certain distribution rule. That is, no matter how many angle regions are included in FIG. 6 , the number of incident rays used in the pre-calculation may be 10,000. After the pre-rendering results of the incident light in each spatial buffer area are determined, RGB values of each outgoing light can be further obtained.

FIG. 7 exemplarily shows an outgoing light L1, which is directed to the center o of the sphere from an area outside the spatial buffer area. The direction of the outgoing light L1 is exactly the direction of the ray during reverse ray tracing in the real-time calculation, so as long as the RGB value of L1 is stored in the pre-calculation process, the outgoing direction will be consistent with the outgoing light L1 in the real-time calculation process in the future The rays of light will not need to be calculated again, and the stored pre-calculated RGB values can be directly obtained.

However, considering that the number of rays corresponding to a spatial cache area can be infinitely many, the angle area is considered as the storage unit. When the outgoing light falls into a certain angle area during the real-time calculation, the RGB value of the angle area is obtained as the RGB value of the incident light. In order to obtain the RGB value of an angle area, it is necessary to pre-calculate the multiple outgoing lights contained in the angle area.

Take the angle region S1 where the outgoing light L1 is located as an example. First, the RGB values of the emitted light L1 are calculated. After the outgoing light L1 touches the point o, specular reflection, transmission or diffuse reflection may occur. Based on the above three principles of reflection/transmission, the RGB value of the outgoing light L1 can be obtained by weighting according to the pre-rendering results of a certain amount of incident light obtained in S101, and the specific obtaining method is as follows.

It should be noted that what is shown in FIG. 7 is a case where the material of the spatial buffer area is a diffuse reflection material. When the material of the spatial buffer area is a transparent material, the spatial buffer area should be a complete sphere.

Taking the material of the space cache area in Figure 7 as an example of a diffuse reflection material, after determining the outgoing light L1, based on the bidirectional reflection distribution function (bidirectional reflection distribution function, BRDF) method, the corresponding light after diffuse reflection can be obtained RGB value. Specifically, the RGB value can be obtained by multiplying the RGB value of each incident light calculated in S101 by a weight matrix. Among them, the weight matrix is obtained according to the BRDF method.

Optionally, the method for obtaining the weight matrix may also be randomly generated or generated based on an artificial intelligence algorithm.

Optionally, since the characteristic of the diffuse reflection material is that the angle between the reflected light and the normal direction has nothing to do with the incident angle, the contribution of incident light at any angle to the calculation of the RGB value of the outgoing light can be considered approximately the same. Furthermore, the weights corresponding to the incident rays at any angle are also approximately considered to be the same. It should be understood that the present invention does not limit the calculation method of the weight here.

Taking the material of the spatial buffer area in FIG. 7 as specular reflection as an example, after determining the outgoing angle of the outgoing light L1, the RGB value of the specularly reflected light corresponding to the outgoing light L1 can be obtained based on the BRDF method.

Optionally, in this possible implementation manner, the method for obtaining the weight matrix may also be randomly generated or generated based on an artificial intelligence algorithm.

Taking the material of the spatial buffer area in FIG. 7 as transmission as an example, after determining the outgoing angle of the outgoing light L1, the RGB value of the outgoing light L1 can be obtained based on a bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) method.

It should be noted that the above method of simulating the incident light can be directly determined according to the two included angles relative to the center o of the sphere, without emitting an incident light from outside the spatial buffer area. In this implementation, no intersection calculations need to be performed. Wherein, the intersection calculation indicates to calculate the intersection point of the incident light and the spatial buffer area. By storing the intermediate rendering result in the unit of angle, the intersection calculation is effectively avoided, which can further reduce the amount of calculation and improve the efficiency of pre-computation.

S107: The rendering system 200 calculates an intermediate rendering result of each angle area of each space cache area in the space.

After the intermediate rendering result of one outgoing light is determined, the intermediate rendering results of other outgoing lights in the same angle area can be obtained according to the same method.

Further, the intermediate rendering result of the angle area can be obtained by calculating the average value of the intermediate rendering results of multiple outgoing lights in the same angle area. Wherein, the method for calculating the average value may be an arithmetic average method or a weighted average method.

Optionally, when calculating the intermediate rendering result of each angle area, for the angle area of the diffuse reflection material, the intermediate rendering result of the angle area can be directly confirmed according to the intermediate rendering result of an outgoing light. This is because for diffuse reflection materials, the angle of incidence does not affect the calculation of the rendering result, so it can be approximately considered that the intermediate rendering result of the angle area of the diffuse reflection material is equal to the intermediate rendering result of an outgoing ray passing through the angle area. Optionally, it can also be considered approximately that the intermediate rendering result of the spatial buffer area of the diffuse reflection material is equal to the intermediate rendering result of an outgoing ray passing through the spatial buffer area. That is, the angular resolution of the spatial buffer area is 1.

The above describes how to calculate the intermediate rendering result of an angle area on a space buffer area. According to this method, intermediate rendering results of all angle areas of all space cache areas in the space can be further obtained.

S109: The rendering system 200 stores intermediate rendering results of each angle area in each space cache area in the space.

The calculated intermediate rendering results of each angle area on each space cache area in the space may be stored in units of the position of the space cache area where each angle area is located.

为单位进行存储。Optionally, it can also be a two-dimensional array corresponding to the vertices of the angle area

Store as a unit.

S111: The rendering system 200 acquires a real-time rendering result of outgoing light in real-time calculation.

S101 to S109 pre-calculate and store the RGB values of the space cache area in the space, so in the process of real-time ray tracing, the real-time rendering result can be determined according to the intermediate rendering result obtained by pre-calculation.

When elements such as light sources and model positions in the space do not change, it can be considered that the intermediate rendering result of the space cache area obtained by precomputation is the rendering result of the outgoing light in real-time ray tracing.

It should be noted that step S111 can be regarded as the calculation of the rendering result of a certain frame (current frame), and the above-mentioned steps S101 to S109 occur before this frame. Optionally, the occurrence time of steps S101 to S109 may be earlier than the calculation time of the rendering result of the first frame in the space.

The above method precalculates and stores the rendering results of each angle area by taking the angle area on the spatial cache area as a unit in the space. Compared with the calculation of real-time ray tracing, the above method greatly reduces the calculation amount of real-time ray tracing by placing the calculation of a large number of intermediate rendering results before real-time calculation, and effectively improves the calculation efficiency of real-time ray tracing. .

Next, taking a spatial cache area as an example, the difference between the calculation amount required by the rendering method provided by this embodiment and the calculation amount required by traditional ray tracing is introduced.

Take a spatial cache area in the 3D model of the "rabbit" in Figure 2 as an example. In the case where the spatial buffer area is hemispherical, in traditional real-time ray tracing, it is necessary to perform a certain number of samples for each angular area based on the angular resolution. Among them, each sampling requires rays to intersect and calculate transmission/reflection. Optionally, the times of the transmission/reflection may be several times.

Taking the angular resolution of 360*90, the sampling number of each angular area as 10000, the calculation amount of intersection calculation as A, the calculation amount of one transmission/reflection as B, and the number of transmission/reflection as n as an example, real-time ray tracing is used in a space When performing calculations in the cache area, the required real-time calculation amount M1 is: 360*90*10000*(A+nB). Wherein, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

However, in the solution provided by this embodiment, firstly, in the pre-calculation process, a certain amount of incident light calculations are performed on the spatial buffer area without considering the angular resolution. Specifically, calculation of intersection and transmission/reflection needs to be performed for each incident light. Optionally, the times of the transmission/reflection may be several times. Further, a certain number of intermediate rendering results of outgoing light are calculated for each angle area in each space buffer area. In the process of calculating the intermediate rendering result of the outgoing light, the calculation of the weight matrix and the calculation of multiplying the weight matrix by the pre-rendering result of the incoming light need to be performed once for each outgoing light. Secondly, in the process of real-time calculation, when a certain amount of sampling is performed on each angular region based on the angular resolution, the intermediate rendering result of the outgoing light (pre-calculation stage) that is consistent with or similar to the angle of the real-time light can be directly obtained, Or get the intermediate rendering result of the angle area. Wherein, the intermediate rendering result of the angle area is obtained by calculating the average value of the intermediate rendering results of the outgoing light obtained in the pre-calculation stage.

Similarly, the number of incident light is 10000, the calculation amount of intersection is A, the calculation amount of one transmission/reflection is B, the number of transmission/reflection is n, the angular resolution is 360*90, and the sampling number of each angular area is 10000. The calculation amount of the weight matrix is C1, and the calculation amount of multiplying the weight matrix and the pre-rendering result of the incident light is C2. For example, when the method provided in this embodiment calculates the same spatial buffer area, the The amount of calculation required is divided into two parts: the pre-calculation stage and the real-time calculation. The calculation amount M2 in the pre-calculation stage is: 10000*(A+nB)+360*90*10000*(C1+C2). The calculation amount M3 in the real-time calculation stage is 360*90*10000*1. Among them, "1" in M3 means to obtain the intermediate rendering result of the outgoing light or angle area obtained in the pre-computation.

First, compare M1 and M3, that is, compare the difference in real-time calculation amount between the traditional method and the solution provided by this embodiment. It can be seen that M1 is (A+nB) times of M3. In other words, the traditional method takes (A+nB) times longer than the solution provided in this embodiment for real-time calculation. Generally speaking, when the number of 3D models is large or complex, the amount of intersection calculation and transmission/reflection calculation is very large, and it takes a long time. Among them, the intersection calculation takes the most time. Therefore, the solution provided by this embodiment greatly reduces the amount of real-time calculation and improves the efficiency of real-time ray tracing.

Secondly, compare M1 with (M2+M3), that is, the difference in the overall calculation amount between the traditional method and the solution provided in this embodiment. Among them, M2+M3 is equal to 10000*(360*90*(C1+C2+1)+(A+nB)). Specifically, the calculation amount C1 of the weight matrix and the calculation amount C2 of multiplying the weight matrix by the pre-rendering result of the incident light belong to typical numerical calculations, and the calculation amount is much smaller than the calculation of intersection and transmission/reflection. In addition, the part (ie, A+nB) that takes up a large amount of calculation does not need to be multiplied by the angular resolution. Therefore, from the perspective of the overall calculation amount, the solution provided by this embodiment is also smaller than the traditional method.

It should be noted that this embodiment can still guarantee a high-quality rendering result when the overall calculation amount and the real-time calculation amount are smaller than those of the traditional method. Because in the solution of this embodiment, for each angle area in each space buffer area in the space, a relatively high frequency (eg, 10,000 times) is still sampled. In the rendering method, high sampling frequency is an important factor to improve the picture quality.

Therefore, this solution reduces the overall and real-time calculations in the ray tracing process by pre-calculating the incident light and outgoing light, effectively improves the efficiency of ray tracing calculations, and at the same time ensures the high quality of rendering results.

The present application also provides a rendering engine 300, as shown in FIG. 8 , including:

The communication unit 302 is configured to obtain the content to be rendered and related parameters at S101.

The storage unit 304 is configured to store the model data and related parameters of each model acquired in S101. In S103, it is used to store the pre-rendering results of each incident light. The storage unit 304 is also used for storing RGB values of each outgoing light in S105. In S107 , the intermediate rendering results of each angle area of each space cache area in the space are also stored in the storage unit 304 .

The processing unit 306 is configured to perform pre-rendering on each model in the space in S101, and calculate a pre-rendering result of each incident light. In S105 , the operation of calculating the RGB value of the outgoing light for each spatial cache model is performed by the processing unit 305 . The processing unit 306 is further configured to calculate an intermediate rendering result of each angle area of each space buffer area in the space according to the RGB value of the aforementioned outgoing light in S107. In S111 , based on the intermediate rendering result, the operation of acquiring the real-time rendering result of the outgoing light in the real-time calculation is also performed by the processing unit 305 .

Optionally, the communication unit 302 is further configured to return the intermediate rendering result obtained in S109.

The present application also provides a computing device 400 . As shown in FIG. 9 , the computing device includes: a bus 402 , a processor 404 , a memory 406 and a communication interface 408 . The processor 404 , the memory 406 and the communication interface 408 communicate through the bus 402 . Computing device 400 may be a server or a terminal device. It should be understood that the present application does not limit the number of processors and memories in the computing device 400 .

The bus 402 may be a peripheral component interconnect standard (peripheral component interconnect, PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, EISA) bus or the like. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of representation, only one line is used in FIG. 9 , but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus. Bus 404 may include pathways for communicating information between various components of computing device 400 (eg, memory 406 , processor 404 , communication interface 408 ).

The processor 404 may include processing such as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), a microprocessor (micro processor, MP) or a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP). Any one or more of them.

In some possible implementations, processor 404 may include one or more graphics processors. The processor 404 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 406 to implement the aforementioned rendering method 100 .

In some possible implementations, the processor 404 may include one or more central processing units and one or more graphics processors. The processor 404 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 406 to implement the aforementioned rendering method 100 .

The memory 406 may include a volatile memory (volatile memory), such as random access memory (random access memory, RAM). The processor 404 may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as a read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), a flash memory, a mechanical hard disk (hard diskdrive, HDD) or a solid state disk (solid state drive, SSD). Executable program codes are stored in the memory 406 , and the processor 404 executes the executable program codes to implement the aforementioned rendering method 100 . Specifically, the memory 406 stores instructions for the rendering engine 300 to execute the rendering method 100 .

The communication interface 403 implements communication between the computing device 400 and other devices or communication networks by using transceiver modules such as but not limited to network interface cards and transceivers.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computing device cluster. As shown in FIG. 10 , the computing device cluster includes at least one computing device 400 . The computing device clusters included in the computing device cluster may all be terminal devices, all may be cloud servers, or partly be cloud servers and partly be terminal devices.

In the above three deployment modes related to computing device clusters, the same rendering engine 300 may store instructions for executing the rendering method 100 in the memory 406 of one or more computing devices 400 in the computing device cluster.

In some possible implementation manners, one or more computing devices 400 in the computing device cluster may also be used to execute some instructions of the rendering engine 300 for executing the rendering method 100 . In other words, a combination of one or more computing devices 400 can jointly execute the instructions of the rendering engine 300 for executing the rendering method 100 .

It should be noted that the memory 406 in different computing devices 400 in the computing device cluster may store different instructions for executing some functions of the rendering method 100 .

Figure 11 shows a possible implementation. As shown in FIG. 11 , two computing devices 400A and 400B are connected through a communication interface 408 . Instructions for performing the functions of communication unit 302 and processing unit 306 are stored on memory in computing device 400A. Instructions for performing the functions of the storage unit 304 are stored on the memory in the computing device 400B. In other words, the memories 406 of the computing devices 400A and 400B jointly store instructions for the rendering engine 300 to execute the rendering method 100 .

The connection mode between the computing device clusters shown in FIG. 11 may be based on the consideration that the rendering method 100 provided by the present application needs to store a large amount of pre-calculated rendering results. Therefore, it is considered that the storage function is performed by the computing device 400B.

It should be understood that the functions of the computing device 400A shown in FIG. 11 may also be performed by multiple computing devices 400 . Likewise, the functions of computing device 400B may also be performed by multiple computing devices 400 .

In some possible implementations, one or more computing devices in a cluster of computing devices may be connected through a network. Wherein, the network may be a wide area network or a local area network or the like. Figure 12 shows a possible implementation. As shown in FIG. 12 , two computing devices 400C and 400D are connected through a network. Specifically, it is connected to the network through a communication interface in each computing device. In this type of possible implementation, the memory 406 in the computing device 400C stores instructions for executing the communication unit 302 . Meanwhile, the memory 406 in the computing device 400D stores instructions for executing the storage unit 304 and the processing unit 306 .

The connection mode between the computing device clusters shown in FIG. 12 can be considered that the rendering method 100 provided by this application needs to store a large amount of pre-calculated rendering results and a large number of calculations for ray tracing. Therefore, it is considered that the processing unit 306 and the storage unit 304 The implemented functions are executed by the computing device 400D.

It should be understood that the functions of the computing device 400C shown in FIG. 12 may also be performed by multiple computing devices 400 . Likewise, the functions of computing device 400D may also be performed by multiple computing devices 400 .

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computing device can store, or a data storage device such as a data center that includes one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, solid state hard disk), etc. The computer-readable storage medium includes instructions, and the instructions instruct a computing device to execute the above-mentioned rendering method 100 applied to the rendering engine 300 .

The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product including instructions. The computer program product may be a software or program product containing instructions, executable on a computing device or stored on any available medium. When the computer program product runs on at least one computer device, at least one computer device is caused to execute the rendering method 100 described above.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (17)

1. A rendering method, characterized in that, the rendering method is used for rendering an application, the application includes at least one model, each model includes a plurality of spatial buffer areas, and each spatial buffer area includes a plurality of angle areas, so The methods described include: During the process of rendering the current frame of the application, determine the angle area where the intersection point of the outgoing ray and the model is located as the target angle area; Acquiring the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area pre-calculated before rendering the current frame, the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area is based on multiple incident rays passing through the target space cache area where the target angle area is located Determined by the pre-rendering result; Calculate the rendering result of the pixels in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the rendering result of the pixels in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area comprises: According to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set, calculate the rendering result of the pixel in the current viewing plane, wherein the multiple angle areas corresponding to the pixel include the target angle area and the angle A set of regions, the set of angular regions comprising at least one angular region on the model. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method further comprises: Calculate the rendering result of another pixel in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set, wherein the multiple angle areas corresponding to the other pixel include the target angle area and the set of angular regions, the set of angular regions comprising at least one angular region on the model. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the acquiring the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area pre-calculated before rendering the current frame of the application comprises: performing ray-tracing rendering on the multiple incident rays passing through the target space cache area, to obtain pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays; Calculate an intermediate rendering result of the target angle area according to the pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the calculation of the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area of the target space buffer area according to the pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays comprises: The pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays are weighted and summed to obtain the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the object space buffer area is hemispherical, and each incident ray is sent from the center of the object space buffer area and directed to the object space buffer area . 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: The intermediate rendering result is stored. 8. A rendering engine, characterized in that the engine comprises: The processing unit is configured to determine, during the process of rendering the current frame of the application, the angle area where the intersection point of the outgoing ray and the model is located as the target angle area; obtain the middle of the target angle area pre-calculated before rendering the current frame The rendering result, the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area is determined according to the pre-rendering results of multiple incident rays passing through the target space buffer area where the target angle area is located; according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area, calculate The result of rendering the pixels in the current view plane. 9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate the rendering result of the pixels in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set , wherein the multiple angle areas corresponding to the pixel include the target angle area and the set of angle areas, and the set of angle areas includes at least one angle area on the model. 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate another value in the current viewing plane according to the intermediate rendering result of the target angle area and the intermediate rendering result of the angle area set. A pixel rendering result, wherein the plurality of angle areas corresponding to the other pixel include the target angle area and the angle area set, and the angle area set includes at least one angle area on the model. 11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the processing unit is configured to perform ray tracing rendering on the multiple incident rays passing through the target space buffer area, to obtain the Pre-rendering results of multiple incident rays; calculating an intermediate rendering result of the target angle area according to the pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the processing unit is configured to perform weighted summation of the pre-rendering results of the multiple incident rays to obtain an intermediate rendering result of the target angle area. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the object space buffer area is hemispherical, and each incident ray is emitted from the center of the object space buffer area and directed to the object space buffer area. 14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the device further comprises: A storage unit, configured to store the intermediate rendering result. 15. A cluster of computing devices, comprising at least one computing device, each computing device including a processor and a memory; The processor of the at least one computing device is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory of the at least one computing device, so that the cluster of computing devices executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 16. A computer program product containing instructions, characterized in that, when the instructions are executed by a cluster of computer devices, the cluster of computer devices is made to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 17. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising computer program instructions, when the computer program instructions are executed by a cluster of computing devices, the cluster of computing devices executes the computer program according to any one of claims 1 to 6 method.

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