CN115804304A - A kind of pruning method and tree shape of plum tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a plum tree shaping and trimming method and a plum tree shape, which relate to the technical field of fruit tree shaping methods and comprise the following steps: pruning in summer; s1, pinching; s2, cutting a tip; s4, twisting shoots, wherein the base parts of the shoots are tightly held by hands to rotate for 90-180 degrees when the young shoots are lignified for the first time, and the xylem and the cortex are twisted; s5, branch pulling; in spring and summer, pulling 1-year-old upright spindly branches or 1-2-year-old branch groups with improper positions to be horizontal or bent by ropes and the like; s6, girdling, namely girdling, and girdling out the cortex of the branch for a circle according to a certain width; s7, performing winching; s8, holding the branches, and pushing and pulling the vigorous and erect branches with two hands when the branches are semi-lignified, namely, holding the base parts of the branches with the left hand and pushing upwards, holding the upper parts with the right hand and pulling downwards until the xylem makes a slight rusty sound. The device has the advantage that the device is applicable to tree trimming in different periods by various trimming methods.

Description

A kind of pruning method and tree shape of plum tree

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree shaping methods, in particular to a plum tree shaping and pruning method and tree shape.

Background technique

In order to make the fruit bearing rate of fruit trees higher and improve the yield of fruit trees, fruit trees are usually pruned.

In the prior art, farmers usually perform pruning based on past planting experience, and the operating specifications are not perfect, and the pruning methods of branches are not fully grasped, which leads to farmers using the same method to prune and shape fruit trees of different types or different growth types .

The following technical problems exist in the existing related art. The same pruning method is used to prune different types or different types of fruit trees, so that the growth of fruit trees cannot achieve the desired effect.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies described in the prior art, this solution provides a plum tree shaping and pruning method and tree shape, which solves the problem that the growth of the fruit tree cannot reach the desired effect due to the single pruning method of the fruit tree.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a kind of pruning method of plum, comprises the following steps:

summer pruning;

S1, pick the heart, after the new shoot grows to the required length, remove the tender part of the top;

S2, cutting tip, will cut off a section with the new shoot of blade;

S3, wiping buds and removing shoots, removing newly germinated shoots and branches that develop into twigs;

S4, twisting the tip, when the new shoot is lignified for the first time, hold the base of the branch with your hands and rotate it 90-180 degrees to sprain the xylem and cortex;

S5, pulling branches; in spring and summer, facing the 1-year-old upright leggy branches or 1-2-year-old branch groups in the wrong position, use ropes to pull them horizontally or hang and bend them;

S6, girdling, the cortex of branch is peeled off a circle by certain width;

S7, twisted and hanged, in the 6-7 months of the early stage of flower bud differentiation, the main trunk or main branch of the Qiangwang tree was wrapped with iron wire for 1-2 times, and the iron wire was released after the tree vigor eased;

S8. Take the branch, and when the tip of the branch is semi-lignified, push and pull the Qiangwang upright branch with both hands, that is, hold the base of the branch with the left hand and push it up, and hold the upper part with the right hand and pull it down until the xylem makes a slight rustling sound.

Through the above technical scheme, pruning in summer, also known as growth period pruning, refers to the pruning of the whole growth period after the budding of plum trees in early spring to before the fall of plum leaves in autumn. Summer pruning can control the invalid growth of new shoots, reduce the location of shoots and buds, improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, promote flower bud differentiation, improve light conditions, and improve fruit quality. The pruning of sapling Prunus prunus plays a decisive role in early forming, early flowering, early fruiting and early high yield. Reasonable and timely summer pruning can reduce the workload of winter pruning and reduce the nutrient consumption of trees. Using the above pruning methods, you can choose a suitable method for pruning according to the tree species in different periods, so that the fruit-bearing rate of the trees can be improved after they grow and take shape.

Preferably, also include

winter pruning;

S9, cut short, cut off a part of the annual branches;

S10, thinning branches, removing twigs, diseased and insect branches, elongated branches, overlapping branches and dense shading useless branches from the base;

S11, retraction, carries out heavy and short cutting to the perennial branches and weighs;

S12, release slowly, do not cut the annual branch, or only cut off the part of the tip tissue that is not sufficient, and let it grow naturally;

S13, engraving wound, on the top or the lower side of the bud, or on the upper side or the lower side of the branching position with a knife to carve a deep wound reaching the xylem.

Through the above technical schemes, winter pruning, also known as dormant pruning, is mainly aimed at pruning the backbone branches and creating various tree shapes according to requirements, and secondly, to remove and short some unnecessary branches, such as diseased and insect branches, dead branches , dense branches and unusable elongated branches allow the trunk to maintain sufficient nutrient supply to the main trunk and backbone branches, reducing pests and diseases.

Preferably, the width of the girdling is 1/10 of the diameter of the stripped branches.

Through the above technical scheme, if the girdling opening is too wide, it is not easy to heal, and dead trees and branches are prone to occur; if it is too narrow, the girdling effect is not obvious, and the girdling of this width can promote the formation of flower buds to increase the fruit setting rate.

Preferably, S14a, for the pruning of young trees,

1), the first year of winter pruning: select 3-4 branches that are evenly distributed around the main trunk as the main branches to cultivate; the angle of each main branch from the main trunk is generally 45-50°, and the branches are cut off. Cut 1/3 short. If the angle of branch growth is too small or too drooping, you can select a full bud that grows outward during winter pruning as a future extension branch, and leave a mile of buds on it to cut off. After germination and branching in spring, because the first branch grows vigorously upright, it can crowd out the second branch and grow obliquely outward at an increased angle. When pruning in the next winter, cut off the first branch from the base, and leave the outer branches to grow longer, then you can increase the angle, or choose the cutting method of keeping the inner buds to adjust; Auxiliary branch treatment.

2) Pruning in the summer of the second year will be carried out in late June. Select the first lateral branches, control competing branches and peripheral flourishing branches, and remove excessively long branches.

3) In the second year of winter pruning, the extended branch of the main branch is appropriately shortened, usually cutting off 1/2 of the branch. In this period, the first side branch should be selected on the main branch. The side branch and the main branch both constitute the crown of the tree. For backbone branches, the first side branch is generally selected from the base of the main branch 50 cm upwards, and the second side branch is selected in the opposite direction of the first side branch, and 2 to 3 side branches are cultivated on each main branch; The short fruiting branches below 5 cm are all reserved to cultivate short fruiting branches and bouquet-like fruiting branches, and the medium and long fruiting branches are appropriately short-cut to make many small branches and grow into fruiting branches;

In the future, the extended branches of the main branch and side branches will be pruned basically by the pruning method of the previous year; the selected third side branches should be staggered in distance and direction from the second side branches, but in the same direction as the first side branches, and Pay attention to the subordination of branches at all levels, that is, the central main branch is higher than each main branch, and the three main branches at the base are larger than the second and third layer main branches, so as to prevent the main branches from overlapping and crossing. After 3 to 4 years, the tree shape can be formed;

Pruning in the summer of the third year is the same as the summer pruning of the second year.

Through the above technical scheme, the young tree refers to the tree before a large number of results from field planting, and generally experiences 3-5 years. The tree species in this period can be pruned by using the above methods, which can expand the canopy as soon as possible, increase the amount of branches, cultivate a reasonable tree skeleton, promote the formation of a large number of fruiting branches, and prepare for early high yields in the full fruit period. The pruning of saplings is mainly based on plastic surgery. After the seedlings are planted, they should be fixed at a certain height from the ground. Generally, the fixed height of plum trees in ground orchards is 50-60 cm. suitable.

Preferably, S14b, pruning of trees in full fruit period,

1b), pruning in winter, mainly thinning branches, supplemented by short cutting, combining thinning and short cutting, moderately short cutting of annual branches, cutting off 1/3 of branches, and short cutting of side branches; the upper part of extended branches forms 2-3 branches, choose a branch with a suitable opening angle to continue as an extension branch, and select a branch below as a side branch, and the rest of the branches can be cut off from the base;

Cut off all drooping branches, overlapping branches, and crossing branches, and the elongated branches can be cut off from the base; 3-5 year-old bouquet-shaped fruit branches have the strongest fruiting ability, so they need to be retracted and renewed frequently, and the weak ones should be kept strong, so as to ensure a certain amount of robust fruiting branches to prolong the fruiting period;

2b), summer pruning, summer pruning can reduce the growth of invalid branches and avoid tree body nutrient consumption; summer pruning can be carried out 3-5 times, the first time is carried out when budding begins in spring, and eradicates the buds in the wrong direction or the buds in the double buds. Weak buds; for the second time, after the flower fades, combined with flower thinning, thinning out the dense branches, and controlling the competing branches and elongated branches; for the third time, after the hard core, short-cut the vigorously growing branches to promote their growth. shoots, to increase the area of fruiting, in early or late autumn, retract or thin out the excessive growth of auxiliary shoots; pick the long fruit branches to control growth and promote flower bud differentiation.

Through the above technical scheme, after 6-7 years, the plum tree will enter the full fruit period of a large number of fruits. The characteristics of the full fruit period plum tree are that the main branches are opened, the tree vigor is moderate, the proportion of medium and long fruit branches decreases, and the short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped The proportion of fruiting branches increased. Pruning the fruit trees in this period by using the above technical solutions can improve the nutritional level in the trunk, keep the tree vigorous, adjust the relationship between growth and fruit, and maintain the full fruit period.

Preferably, S14c, pruning of senescent trees,

After the full fruit period, the tree body begins to appear local aging phenomenon, short fruit branches and over-dense bouquet-shaped fruit branches die, and the fruiting parts move outward. Sawing off from the base, the buds of the plum tree have a strong ability to germinate, and new branches can be drawn from the vicinity of the wound, and new fruiting branches can be cultivated. While heavy pruning is adopted for aging trees, fertilizer and water management and pest control should also be strengthened.

Through the above technical scheme, after pruning the plum tree in this period by using the above technical scheme, the number of aging branches on the plum tree can be reduced, while the production of new branches can be improved, and the fruit-bearing rate of the plum tree in this period can be improved.

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on the shaping pruning method of a kind of plum tree described above, comprising

For the plum trees with a row spacing of 3 meters x 5 meters and 44 trees planted per mu;

In the winter of the first year, the main branch is cut to leave 50-60 cm, and the outer buds are selected for the cut buds to open the angle;

In the spring of the following year, select strong branches with large angles and positive directions from the new shoots that grow from the lower buds of the cut as the extension branches of the main branch; Timely thinning or re-cutting control; in winter, the extended branches of the main branches should be cut to 60 cm. Except for the vigorously growing competing branches that need to be thinned or re-cut, the general branches should be cut as lightly as possible;

In the third year, continue to cultivate the main branch extension branch according to the above method, and select the first side branch on the outside of each main branch; the distribution of side branches on each main branch should be even, avoid overlapping each other; the side branch angle should be larger than that of the main branch, To maintain the master-side branch affiliation;

According to this method, 2-3 side branches are selected and reserved on each main branch, and the natural happy-shaped tree-shaped cultivation can be completed in 3-4 years.

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on the shaping pruning method of a kind of plum tree described above, comprising

For planting in the north-south direction, the spacing between plants and rows is generally 3 meters x 4 meters, and 55 plum trees are planted per mu;

The fixed stem height is 40-50 cm, and each plant leaves 2 large main branches, extending east-west, and the angle between the two main branches is 60°;

The branches bend left and right, without leaving side branches on the main branch, and several fruiting branch groups are directly grown. The distance between the branch groups is generally 15-20 cm, so as to form a "V"-shaped tree shape.

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on the shaping pruning method of a kind of plum tree described above, comprising

In the first year, set the stem to be 60-70 cm. Select a strong upright branch from the upper part of the new shoot that grows under the cut as the extension branch of the main branch, and select 3 branches with stronger growth and more even distribution from the lower branches. The branches of the first layer are used as the 3 major main branches of the first layer; the branches left as the main branches are left to grow fully, and the remaining branches are removed or short-cut to control their growth;

When pruning in winter, leave 50 cm for the three main branches of the first layer, and 60 cm for the extension branches of the main trunk;

In the spring of the following year, from the branches growing under the cut of the trunk extension branch, in addition to selecting one trunk extension branch, two branches with good growth, angle, and direction should be selected as the second layer of main branches. The main branches of the second layer are required to be staggered and not overlapped with the branches of the first layer; when pruning in the next winter, the main branches of the first layer should be cut to about 50 cm, and the main branches of the second layer should be cut to 40-50 cm. Cut off 50-60 cm, and the rest of the branches grow medium or weak branches without cutting, strong growing branches lightly, excessively strong thinning or heavy short cutting, so that the upper part of the whole tree is weaker and the lower part is stronger;

According to this method, under the distance situation of keeping 50-60 centimeters between the layers, reserve a main branch respectively of the third layer and the fourth layer, and finally make the tree body produce a conical trunk sparse layered tree shape.

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on the shaping pruning method of a kind of plum tree described above, comprising

The tree-shaped trunk is 50-60 cm high, the crown diameter is 3 meters, and 10-12 main branches are cultivated on the central trunk. The angle between the main branch and the central trunk is 70-90 degrees. The main branch is horizontal and extends around. The main branch is in the center There is no obvious layer on the trunk, the distance between the main branches is 10-15 cm, the vertical distance between the main branches on the same side is not less than 50-60 cm, the main branches of the lower layer are 1-2 meters long, the main branches of the upper layer are gradually shortened, and the tree shape is complete It is spindle-shaped, and small and medium-sized fruiting branch groups are arranged directly on each main branch. The number of slender spindle-shaped small main branches is more, and the distance between the main branches is relatively close. You can choose to keep 2-3 main branches every year, choose 3 main branches in the first year, and choose 2 main branches every year from the second to the fourth year. a main branch;

When pruning in winter, cut the extension branches of the central trunk by 40-50 cm every year. The extension branches of the main branches can be cut lightly or not, but the branch pulling technique must be adopted to widen the angle to ease the growth potential and increase the short growth. The number of branches, the extended branch of the central trunk will not be cut short when it reaches the predetermined height; the main branch of the spindle-shaped tree can be opened at an angle in August-September at the end of the growing season, and the branch can be pulled to 70-90 degrees to make the main branch horizontal;

After finishing the shaping, the whole tree grows into a slender spindle-shaped tree with a height of 3 meters.

Through the above technical scheme, after pruning and growing the plum tree into a corresponding tree shape by using the above method, the growth advantage of the extended branch of the main branch can be guaranteed, and the growth of the branches can be uniform, so that the plum tree can form flower buds early, so as to improve the fruit-bearing rate of the plum tree and yield; Utilize this tree form of above-mentioned method pruning to also be suitable for moderate dense planting cultivation, make the forming of plum tree fast, light is good, early yield is high, is convenient to field work.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

1. Summer pruning can effectively control the growth of new shoots, reduce the location of shoots and buds, improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, promote flower bud differentiation, improve light conditions, and improve fruit quality. The pruning of sapling Prunus prunus plays a decisive role in early forming, early flowering, early fruiting and early high yield. Reasonable and timely pruning in summer can reduce the workload of pruning in winter and reduce the nutrient consumption of trees;

2. Winter pruning, the main purpose is to prune the backbone branches and create various tree shapes according to the requirements. Secondly, it is necessary to remove and short some unnecessary branches, such as diseased and insect branches, dead branches, dense branches and unusable elongated branches. etc., so that the trunk maintains sufficient nutrient supply to the trunk and backbone branches, reducing pests and diseases;

3. Use the above-mentioned pruning method to prune and grow the plum trees in different periods into an appropriate tree shape, so that the plum trees can ensure the growth advantage of the main branch extension branches, make their branches grow evenly, and promote the plum trees to form flower buds early, so as to improve the quality of the plum trees. The fruit-bearing rate and yield; the tree shape pruned by the above method is also suitable for moderate dense planting cultivation, so that the plum tree is formed quickly, the light is good, the early yield is high, and it is convenient for field operations.

Detailed ways

The technical solution in the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

Embodiment one

A kind of shaping pruning method of plum tree, comprises the following steps:

Traditional plum tree pruning is mainly based on winter pruning, supplemented by summer pruning. Plum pruning in the application scheme is mainly based on summer pruning (growth period), and winter pruning (dormant period) is auxiliary.

summer pruning;

S1. Picking the heart. After the new shoot grows to the required length, remove the tender part of the top; this operation can temporarily inhibit the extension and growth of the new shoot, promote the lignification of the new shoot, force the nutrients to turn to the axillary buds, and germinate the secondary shoots in advance. Three branches and reduce their germination sites, accelerate the increase in branch volume, which is conducive to early fruiting.

S2, cutting the tip, cutting off a section of the new shoot with leaves; cutting the tip can promote branching, and then cultivate the branch into a fruiting branch. Cutting the tip in early June can promote 2-3 secondary branches from the lower part to form fruiting branches.

S3, wipe buds and remove shoots, remove newly germinated shoots and branches that develop into twigs; remove excessive buds, shoots, competing branches under the cut, and elongated branches in the canopy at the beginning of growth, so as to concentrate nutrients , make the remaining branches develop and enrich, and promote the fullness of flower buds and leaf buds. It can also improve the lighting conditions of the canopy, reduce the workload of winter pruning and the wounds caused by winter pruning and thinning.

S4. Twisting the tip. When the new shoot is lignified for the first time, hold the base of the branch tightly and rotate it 90-180 degrees to sprain the xylem and cortex; this operation can not only increase the accumulation of organic matter, promote the formation of flower buds, but also change the growth direction of the branch tip . Twist the tip to change the available long branches on the back into high-quality fruiting branches in the second year, improve the light conditions, ease the branch potential, and prevent excessive growth. Twisted Wangshao has the dual function of fruiting and renewal. During the twisting period of plum trees, it is advisable when the new shoots grow to 30 cm and have not yet lignified. The part of the twisted tip should be 5-10 cm above the base of the new shoot. Twist the new shoot to the opposite direction of growth, and tuck it between the leaf axils on the lower half to prevent the twisted new shoot from being lifted up, and the growth will become vigorous again. The purpose of twisting the tip cannot be achieved.

S5. Pulling branches; in spring and summer, facing the 1-year-old upright leggy branches or 1-2-year-old branch groups that are not in the right place, use ropes to pull them horizontally or hang and bend the branches; this operation can open the angle of the branches , ease the tree vigor, improve light conditions to prevent the lower part of the branches from being bare. For specific applications, methods such as "supporting, pulling, and hanging" can be adopted. Pulling branches is generally carried out in May-June, when the liquid in the trunk has already flowed, the branches become soft and easy to pull and set.

S6, girdling, the cortex of branch is peeled off a circle by certain width; Girdling is suitable for young flourishing tree and suitable age not fruiting tree, and is not suitable for carrying out girdling for small young tree. The purpose of girdling is different, and the time is also different. If it is to increase the fruit setting rate, it can be girdled during the blooming period of plum trees; if it is to promote the formation of flower buds, it can be carried out from mid-to-late May to early July. The width of girdling is generally 1/10 of the diameter of the stripped branches. If the peeling mouth is too wide, it is not easy to heal, and dead trees and branches are prone to occur; if it is too narrow, the effect of girdling is not obvious.

S7, twisting and constricting, wrap the main trunk or main branch of the Qiangwang tree with iron wire for 1-2 times in the early stage of flower bud differentiation from June to July, and the circle is tight until the iron wire is slightly sunken, and the iron wire is released after the tree vigor is eased;

S8. Take the branch, and when the tip of the branch is semi-lignified, push and pull the Qiangwang upright branch with both hands, that is, hold the base of the branch with the left hand and push it up, and hold the upper part with the right hand and pull it down until the xylem makes a slight rustling sound. This operation has the effect of weakening the growth advantage of the top and promoting the conversion of elongated branches into fruiting branches.

Growth period pruning refers to the pruning of the entire growth period after the budding of plum trees in early spring to before the leaves of plum trees fall in autumn. Summer pruning has obvious effects on controlling the invalid growth of new shoots, reducing the location of branch buds, improving the utilization efficiency of nutrients, promoting flower bud differentiation, improving light conditions, and improving fruit quality. The pruning of sapling Prunus prunus plays a decisive role in early forming, early flowering, early fruiting and early high yield. Reasonable and timely summer pruning can reduce the workload of winter pruning and reduce the nutrient consumption of trees.

Also includes

winter pruning;

S9, short cutting, cut off part of the annual branches; the degree of short cutting can be divided into four types: light, medium, heavy and very heavy. Cutting off about 1/4 of the length of the 1-year-old branches is called light short cutting; cutting off 1/3-1/2 of the branch length is called medium short cutting; cutting off 2/3 is called heavy short cutting; leaving only 2- Three buds are cut short called extremely heavy short cut. The function of short cutting is to strengthen the growth potential of new shoots, reduce the position of branches, increase the amount of branches, change the size of the canopy and the density of branches in the canopy, build a strong skeleton, cultivate the fruiting branch group, and rejuvenate the aging tree and weakened branches. Short cuts have a greater effect on stimulating local growth, but too much or too heavy short cuts can also inhibit the expansion of the canopy, reduce the number of assimilates, and weaken the ability of flower bud differentiation. The specific operation should be selected according to needs.

S10, thinning branches, remove twigs, diseased and insect branches, elongated branches, overlapping branches and dense useless branches from the base; thinning branches is mainly used for branches with strong growth potential and thin and weak branches in dense places, its main function is Make the remaining branches evenly distributed, well ventilated and light-transmitting, to enhance the thickening of the branches, promote the differentiation of flower buds and adjust the amount of fruit.

S11. Retraction, weight-short-cut weighing of perennial branches; also known as shrinkage pruning, retraction can reduce the total growth of branches, concentrate nutrients and water supply to the retained branches, and promote the growth of lower branches, which is more beneficial to the rejuvenation of trees . Retraction is mostly used for the auxiliary branches of perennial uniaxial elongation growth, the purpose is to cultivate them into fruiting branch groups, and it is also used for the central main branch and large side branches of large trees from the full fruit stage to the old stage, the purpose is to control the crown height and The size of the tree, as well as the clear subordination of the branches, balance the tree vigor, and it is best to choose the cutting position where there are branches.

S12, slow release, do not cut the annual branches, or only cut off the part of the tip tissue that is not sufficient, and let it grow naturally, also known as throwing and long release. Slow release can ease the growth potential of new shoots, reduce the number of long branches, change the branch composition of the tree body, and promote the formation of short fruit branches, especially bouquet-shaped fruit branches. It is the main method adopted by young trees and primary fruit trees.

S13, engraving wound, on the top or the lower side of the bud, or on the upper side or the lower side of the branching position with a knife to carve a deep wound reaching the xylem. Cutting the upper part of the buds in spring can hinder the upward transport of nutrients, so that the buds at the lower part of the cut can get sufficient nutrients, and at the same time, the buds are stimulated by the scratches, which is conducive to the germination and branching of the buds. If the lower part of the bud is scratched in summer, it will hinder the downward transport of carbohydrates and accumulate in the upper part of the branch, thereby inhibiting the growth potential of the branch and promoting the formation of flower buds and the maturity of the branch. Therefore, when you want to add branches to a certain part of the canopy, you can take the incision on the bud; and when you want to slow down the growth of a certain branch, or make it form a fruit branch, you can take the incision under the bud.

S14a, for the pruning of young trees,

1), the first year of winter pruning: select 3-4 branches that are evenly distributed around the main trunk as the main branches to cultivate; the angle of each main branch from the main trunk is generally 45-50°, and the branches are cut off. Cut 1/3 short. If the angle of branch growth is too small or too drooping, you can select a full bud that grows outward during winter pruning as a future extension branch, and leave a mile of buds on it to cut off. After germination and branching in spring, because the first branch grows vigorously upright, it can crowd out the second branch and grow obliquely outward at an increased angle. When pruning in the next winter, cut off the first branch from the base, and leave the outer branches to grow longer, then you can increase the angle, or choose the cutting method of keeping the inner buds to adjust; Auxiliary branch treatment.

2) Pruning in the summer of the second year will be carried out in late June. Select the first lateral branches, control competing branches and peripheral flourishing branches, and remove excessively long branches.

3) In the second year of winter pruning, the extended branch of the main branch is appropriately shortened, usually cutting off 1/2 of the branch. In this period, the first side branch should be selected on the main branch. The side branch and the main branch both constitute the crown of the tree. For backbone branches, the first side branch is generally selected from the base of the main branch about 50 cm upwards, and the second side branch is selected in the opposite direction of the first side branch, and 2 to 3 side branches are cultivated on each main branch; The short fruiting branches below 5 cm are all reserved to cultivate short fruiting branches and bouquet-like fruiting branches, and the medium and long fruiting branches are appropriately short-cut to make them have many small branches and grow into fruiting branches;

In the future, the extended branches of the main branch and side branches will be pruned basically by the pruning method of the previous year; the selected third side branches should be staggered in distance and direction from the second side branches, but in the same direction as the first side branches, and Pay attention to the subordination of branches at all levels, that is, the central main branch is larger than each main branch, and the three main branches at the base are larger than the second and third main branches, so as to prevent the main branches from overlapping and crossing. After 3-4 years, the tree shape can be formed;

Pruning in the summer of the third year is the same as the summer pruning of the second year.

Young trees refer to trees before they are planted to produce a large number of fruits, and generally experience 3-5 years. The main task in this period is to expand the canopy as soon as possible, increase the amount of branches, cultivate a reasonable tree skeleton, promote the formation of a large number of fruiting branches, and prepare for the early harvest in the full fruit period. The pruning of saplings is mainly based on plastic surgery. After the seedlings are planted, they are fixed at a certain height from the ground. The fixed trunk height of plum trees in flat orchards is generally 50-60 cm, and the fixed trunk height on hillsides can be appropriately shorter, generally 40-50 cm is more suitable.

S14b, pruning of trees in full fruit period,

1b), pruning in winter, mainly thinning branches, supplemented by short cutting, combining thinning and short cutting, moderately short cutting of annual branches, cutting off about 1/3 of branches, and short cutting of side branches; extending the upper part of branches Form 2-3 branches, select a branch with a suitable opening angle to continue as an extension branch, and select a branch below as a side branch, and the remaining branches can be cut off from the base;

Cut off drooping branches, overlapping branches, crossing branches, etc., and cut off the elongated branches from the base; 3-5 years old flower-shaped fruit branches have the strongest fruiting ability, so they need to be retracted and renewed frequently, remove the weak and keep the strong, and ensure a certain amount of robustness Fruiting branches to prolong the fruiting period;

2b), summer pruning, summer pruning can reduce the growth of invalid branches and avoid tree body nutrient consumption; summer pruning can be carried out 3-5 times, the first time is carried out when budding begins in spring, and eradicates the buds in the wrong direction or the buds in the double buds. Weak buds; for the second time, after the flower fades, combined with flower thinning, thinning out the dense branches, and controlling the competing branches and elongated branches; for the third time, after the hard core, short-cut the vigorously growing branches to promote their growth. shoots, to increase the area of fruiting, in early or late autumn, retract or thin out the excessive growth of auxiliary shoots; pick the long fruit branches to control growth and promote flower bud differentiation.

After 6-7 years, the plum tree enters the full fruit period with a large number of fruits. The characteristic of the full fruit period is that the main branches of the plum tree are opened, the tree vigor is moderate, the proportion of medium and long fruit branches decreases, and the proportion of short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches increases. The main pruning tasks in this period are to improve the nutritional level, maintain the tree vigor, adjust the relationship between growth and fruit, and maintain the full fruit period. The focus of pruning is to finely prune fruiting branch groups.

S14c, pruning of senescent trees,

After the full fruit period, the tree body begins to appear local aging phenomenon, short fruit branches and over-dense bouquet-shaped fruit branches die, and the fruiting parts move outward. Sawing off from the base, the buds of the plum tree have a strong ability to germinate, and new branches can be drawn from the vicinity of the wound, and new fruiting branches can be cultivated. While heavy pruning is adopted for aging trees, fertilizer and water management and pest control should also be strengthened.

It is worth noting that the fruit-hanging ability of Guizhou Fengtang plum is also very strong. In pruning, it is necessary to minimize short-cutting and slow release (swing release) to ensure high-quality and high-yield.

Embodiment two

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on a kind of shaping and pruning method of plum tree described in the above scheme,

Naturally happy-shaped tree shape, when planting, the distance between plants and rows is generally 3 meters × 5 meters, about 44 plants are planted per mu, and the fixed height is 50-60 cm. From the new shoots that grow below the cut, select 3-4 new shoots that grow vigorously, have a suitable direction, and have a large included angle as the main branch. In the winter of the first year, the main branch is cut to leave 50-60 cm, and the outer buds are selected for the cut buds to open the angle. In the spring of the following year, select strong branches with large angles and positive directions from the new shoots growing from the lower buds of the cut as the main branch extension branches to cultivate, and properly control the remaining branches. The growing branches with small angles, vigorous growth, and the possibility of exceeding the extension of the main branch should be removed or re-cut in time to ensure the growth advantage of the extension of the main branch. Throughout the growing season, pruning should be carried out 2-3 times to make the branches grow evenly. The competing branches should be removed in time, and the medium-growing oblique branches should be kept as much as possible or cut lightly to promote the early formation of flower buds. In winter, the extended branch of the main branch should be cut to about 60 cm, and the rest of the branches should be left according to the size of the space. Except for the vigorously growing competing branches that need to be thinned or re-cut, the general branches should be cut as lightly as possible. In the third year, continue to cultivate the extended branches of the main branch according to the above method, and select the first side branch on the outside of each main branch. The distribution of side branches on each main branch should be even, avoid overlapping each other. The angle of the side branches is larger than that of the main branch, and the subordination relationship between the main and side branches should be maintained. According to this method, 2-3 side branches are selected and left on each main branch, and the tree-shaped cultivation can be completed in 3-4 years.

Embodiment three

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on a kind of shaping and pruning method of plum tree described in the above scheme,

The "V"-shaped tree shape is also called the happy shape of the two main branches or the "Tatura" tree shape. The "V" shape is generally planted in the north-south direction, and the two main branches are vertically distributed in the north-south direction. The row spacing between plants is generally 3 meters × 4 meters, about 55 plants are planted per mu, and the fixed stem height is 40-50 cm. Each plant leaves 2 large main branches, extending east-west, and the angle between the two main branches is 60°. The "V"-shaped branches bend and extend left and right. There are no side branches on the main branch, and several fruiting branch groups are directly grown. The distance between the branch groups is generally 15-20 cm. This tree shape is suitable for moderate dense planting, fast forming, good light, high early yield, and convenient field operations.

Embodiment four

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on a kind of shaping and pruning method of plum tree described in the above scheme,

The tree shape of the trunk is sparsely layered, and this shaping method is used less, and the entire tree structure is divided into 3-4 layers. The shaping method is: set the stem at 60-70 cm in the first year, select a strong upright branch from the upper part of the new shoot growing under the cut as the extension branch of the main branch, and select 3 stronger growing branches from the lower branches , The more evenly distributed branches are used as the three main branches of the first layer. The branches reserved as the main branches are allowed to grow fully, and the rest of the branches are removed or cut short to control their growth. When pruning in winter, leave about 50 cm for the three main branches on the first layer, and leave 60 cm for the extension branches of the main trunk. In the spring of the following year, from the branches growing under the cut of the trunk extension branch, in addition to selecting one trunk extension branch, two branches with good growth, angle, and direction should be selected as the second layer of main branches. The main branch of the second layer is required to be staggered from the first layer and not overlap. The growth of the remaining branches should be controlled, and the topping, short cutting or thinning should be carried out. When pruning in the next winter, the main branches of the first layer should be cut to about 50 cm, the main branches of the second layer should be cut to 40-50 cm, and the extension branches of the main trunk should be cut to 50-60 cm, and the remaining branches should grow medium or weak branches No pruning, light pruning if the growth is strong, thinning pruning or heavy short pruning if it is too strong, so that the upper part of the whole tree is weaker and the lower part is stronger. In this way, keep a distance of 50-60 cm between the layers, and then leave a main branch on the third and fourth layers. Finally, make the tree body conical.

Embodiment four

A kind of shaping tree shape of plum tree, based on a kind of shaping and pruning method of plum tree described in the above scheme,

Slender and spindle-shaped, suitable for plum gardens with high planting density. The trunk height of this tree is 50-60 cm, the diameter of the crown is about 3 meters, and 10-12 main branches are cultivated on the central trunk. The angle between the main branch and the central trunk 70-90 degrees, the main branches are approximately horizontal and extend to all sides. There is no obvious layer on the central trunk of the main branches. The distance between the main branches is 10-15 cm. The vertical distance between the main branches on the same side is not less than 50-60 cm. The lower main branch is 1-2 meters long, the upper main branch is gradually shortened, and the complete tree shape is spindle-shaped, and small and medium-sized fruiting branch groups are directly arranged on each main branch. There are more slender spindle-shaped small main branches, and the distance between the main branches is relatively close. You can choose to keep 2-3 main branches every year. For example, 3 main branches are selected and retained in the first year, and 2 main branches are selected and retained each year from the second to the fourth year. When pruning in winter, cut the extension branches of the central trunk by 40-50 cm every year. The extension branches of the main branches can be cut lightly or not, but the branch pulling technique must be adopted to widen the angle to ease the growth potential and increase the short growth. The number of branches, the extension branch of the central trunk can not be cut short when it reaches the predetermined height. The main branch of the spindle-shaped tree can be opened at an angle in August-September at the end of the growing season, and the branch can be pulled to 70-90 degrees to make the main branch approximately horizontal. This approach tends to make the central stem prominent and cause the upper part to grow too vigorously. Therefore, when pruning in winter, the extended branches of the central trunk with strong growth potential can be removed and replaced with branches with weak growth potential to balance the growth potential of the whole tree. Competing branches and elongated branches on the main branches that are difficult to control can all be removed. After finishing the shaping task, the height of the whole tree is about 3 meters.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A plum tree shaping and trimming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

pruning in summer;

s1, pinching, namely, after the young shoots grow to the required length, picking off the young parts at the top ends;

s2, cutting a section of the new tip with the blades;

s3, bud picking and shoot removing, namely removing newly-germinated new buds and twigs developing into twigs;

s4, twisting shoots, wherein the base parts of the shoots are tightly held by hands to rotate for 90-180 degrees when the young shoots are lignified for the first time, and the xylem and the cortex are twisted;

s5, branch pulling; in spring and summer, pulling 1-year-old upright spindly branches or 1-2-year-old branch groups with improper positions to be horizontal or bent by using ropes;

s6, girdling, namely girdling, and girdling out the cortex of the branch for a circle according to a certain width;

s7, twisting, namely winding the trunk or main branch of the vigorous tree with an iron wire for 1-2 times in 6-7 months in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, and removing the iron wire after the tree vigor is moderate;

s8, holding the branches, and pushing and pulling the vigorous and erect branches with two hands when the branches are semi-lignified, namely, holding the base parts of the branches with the left hand and pushing upwards, holding the upper parts with the right hand and pulling downwards until the xylem makes a slight rusty sound.

2. The plum tree shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, wherein: and also comprises

Trimming in winter;

s9, cutting short, namely cutting off a part of the annual branches;

s10, thinning branches, namely thinning branches, insect-disease branches, spindly branches, overlapped branches and dense shading useless branches from the base;

s11, retracting, and performing repeated truncation weighing on the perennial branches;

s12, slowly releasing, namely, not shearing annual branches or only shearing a part of unfilled tip tissues to allow the annual branches to naturally grow;

and S13, incising the upper side or the lower side of the bud or the upper side or the lower side of the position of the vegetative shoot into a wound which reaches the xylem by a knife.

3. The plum tree shaping and trimming method according to claim 1, wherein: the width of the girdling is 1/10 of the diameter of the stripped branch.

4. The prune tree pruning method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: comprises that

S14a, pruning the young trees,

1) And pruning in winter in the first year: selecting 3-4 branches uniformly distributed to the periphery on the trunk as main branches for culturing; the outward angle of each main branch from the trunk is generally 45-50 degrees, 1/3 of the branch is cut off for short-cut, if the growing angle of the branch is too small or too drooping, a plump bud growing outwards can be selected as a future extension branch when the branch is cut in winter, a lining bud is left on the extension branch for cutting, and after sprouting and branching in spring of the next year, the first branch grows vigorously vertically, and the second branch can be extruded to increase the angle and grow outwards obliquely; when cutting in winter, the first branch is cut from the base part, the outer branch is left for prolonging growth, and the angle can be increased, or the cutting method of the inner bud is selected for adjustment; thinning out the over-dense branches, and treating the under-dense branches according to the auxiliary culture branches;

2) Pruning in summer in the second year, selecting and reserving a first lateral branch in the last 6 th month days, controlling competitive branches and peripheral vigorous branches, and thinning and removing spindly branches;

3) Carrying out winter pruning in the second year, carrying out proper short cutting on the extension branches of the main branches, usually cutting 1/2 of the branches, selecting a first lateral branch on the main branches in the period, wherein the lateral branch and the main branches are skeleton branches forming a crown, generally selecting and reserving the first lateral branch from the position 50 cm above the base part of the main branches, selecting and reserving the first lateral branch in the opposite direction of the first lateral branch, and culturing 2-3 lateral branches on each main branch; in the period, short fruit branches below 5 cm grown on the main branches and the side branches are all reserved to be cultured into the short fruit branches and the bouquet-shaped fruit branches, and the middle and long fruit branches are cut into multiple small branches to grow into the fruit branches;

trimming the extension branches of the main branches and the side branches every year by basically adopting a trimming method in the last year; the selected third side branch should be staggered from the second side branch in distance and direction and be in the same direction with the first side branch, and the subordinate relation of each level of branch is noticed, namely the central main branch is more than or equal to each main branch, and the three main branches at the base part are more than the second and third main branches, so that the main branches are prevented from being overlapped and crossed up and down, and the tree shape can be formed after 3 to 4 years;

summer pruning in the third year is the same as summer pruning in the second year.

5. The prune tree pruning method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: comprises S14b, pruning trees in full bearing age,

1b) Pruning in winter, mainly thinning branches and secondarily cutting branches, combining thinning and cutting, moderately cutting annual branches, cutting 1/3 branches, and cutting lateral branches; 2-3 branches are formed at the upper part of the extending branch, one branch with a proper opening angle is selected to continue to be used as the extending branch, another branch is selected below to be used as a lateral growing branch, and the rest branches can be cut off from the base part;

the downward hanging branches, the overlapped branches and the cross branches are all cut off, and the bare-leaved branches can be cut off from the base; the fruiting ability of bouquet-shaped fruit branches is strongest in 3-5 years, so that the fruit branches need to be retracted and updated frequently, weak fruit branches and strong fruit branches are removed, a certain number of strong fruit branches are ensured, and the full bearing period time is prolonged;

2b) Summer pruning, which can reduce the growth of ineffective branches and avoid the nutrient consumption of the tree body; pruning can be carried out for 3-5 times in summer, wherein the pruning is carried out for the first time in the beginning of spring and bud with an abnormal direction or weak bud in double buds is wiped off; after the flowers fall off for the second time, thinning out dense branches by combining with thinning out the flowers, controlling competitive branches and spindly branches, performing short cutting on branches growing vigorously after hardening kernels for the third time, promoting the branches to grow auxiliary tips, increasing fruiting area, and performing retraction or thinning-out shearing on the excessive auxiliary tips at the beginning of autumn or at the end of autumn; and (4) pinching long fruit branches to control growth and promote flower bud differentiation.

6. The prune tree pruning method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: including S14c, pruning of the senescent trees,

after the full bearing period, the local senescence phenomenon of the tree body begins to occur, short fruit branches and over-dense bouquet-shaped fruit branches die, bearing parts move outwards, at the moment, the fruit branches are retracted, re-sheared or thinned in time, some obviously senescent big side branches can be sawn from the base, the bud germination capacity of the plum tree is strong, new branches can be extracted from the vicinity of wounds, new bearing branch groups can be cultured, and fertilizer and water management and pest control are enhanced while the senescence tree is re-sheared.

7. A prune tree form, comprising: the plum tree pruning method based on claim 1, comprising

Planting 44 plum trees per mu at row spacing of 3 m × 5 m;

in winter of the first year, the main branches are cut by 50-60 cm, and the cut buds are external buds at an opening angle;

in spring of the next year, selecting strong branches with large angles and positive directions from new shoots growing out from buds under pruning as main branch extension branches for cultivation; timely thinning or heavily cutting and controlling growing branches which have small angles and vigorous growth and are likely to exceed main branch extension branches; the branches are cut for 60 cm after the main branches are lengthened in winter, and the branches are cut as lightly as possible except for the competitive branches with vigorous growth which need to be thinned or cut again;

in the third year, the main branch extension branches are continuously cultured according to the method, and the first lateral branch is selected and remained at the outer side of each main branch; the lateral branches on each main branch are uniformly distributed, so that the mutual staggered overlapping is avoided; the angle of the side branch is larger than that of the main branch, and the main side branch subordinate relation is kept;

according to the method, 2-3 lateral branches are selected and reserved on each main branch, and the natural open heart-shaped tree form culture can be completed in 3-4 years.

8. A prune tree form, comprising: the plum tree pruning method based on claim 1, comprising

For the south-north row direction planting, the row spacing of the plants is generally 3 meters multiplied by 4 meters, and 55 plum trees are planted per mu;

the fixed trunk height is 40-50 cm, 2 main branches are reserved on each plant and extend towards the east and west directions, and the included angle between the two main branches is 60 degrees;

the branches are bent and extended left and right, no side branch is left on the main branch, a plurality of fruiting branch groups are directly planted, the distance between the branch groups is generally 15-20 cm, and a V-shaped tree shape is formed by growth.

9. A prune tree shaped tree comprising: the plum tree pruning method based on claim 1, comprising

In the first year, the trunk is fixed by 60-70 cm, a robust vertical branch is selected from the upper part of a new shoot growing under a shearing port as an extension branch of a main branch, and 3 branches with stronger growth vigor and more uniform distribution are selected from the branches at the lower part of the main branch as 3 big main branches of a first layer; the branch left as the main branch is allowed to fully grow, and the other branches are subjected to pinching and thinning or short-cutting to control the growth of the branches;

when pruning is carried out in winter, 50 cm is reserved for 3 big main branches of the first layer, and 60 cm is reserved for the extended branches of the main trunk;

in spring next year, in addition to selecting 1 trunk extension branch from branches growing under the cut of the trunk extension branches, selecting 2 branches with good growth vigor, angle and direction as second layer main branches; the second layer of main branches are required to be mutually staggered with the first layer of branches and are not overlapped; when pruning is carried out in winter next year, the first layer of main branches are still sheared by 50 cm, the second layer of main branches are sheared by 40-50 cm, the trunk extension branches are sheared by 50-60 cm, the rest branches grow medium or weak branches without shearing, the trees grow by light shearing with strong growth vigor, and the trees are subjected to over-strong thinning shearing or heavy short cutting, so that the upper parts of the whole trees are weak and the lower parts of the whole trees are strong;

according to the method, under the condition that the distance between the layers is kept to be 50-60 cm, a main branch is reserved on each of the third layer and the fourth layer, and finally the tree body is made to be in a conical main-stem sparse-layer tree shape.

10. A prune tree shaped tree comprising: the plum tree shaping and trimming method based on claim 1, comprising

The tree trunk is 50-60 cm high, the crown diameter is 3 m, 10-12 main branches are cultured on the central trunk, the included angle between the main branches and the central trunk is 70-90 degrees, the main branches are horizontal and extend to the periphery, the main branches do not have obvious layers on the central trunk, the distance between the main branches is 10-15 cm, the vertical distance between the main branches on the same side is not less than 50-60 cm, the main branch on the lower layer is 1-2 m long, the main branch on the upper layer is gradually shortened, the complete tree form is in a spindle shape, and small and medium-sized bearing branch groups are directly configured on each main branch; the number of the slender spindle-shaped small main branches is large, the distance between the main branches is close, 2-3 main branches can be selectively reserved in each year, 3 main branches are selectively reserved in the first year, and 2 main branches are selectively reserved every year from the second year to the fourth year;

when the central trunk extension branches are pruned in winter, the central trunk extension branches are pruned according to 40-50 cm every year, the main branch extension branches can be pruned or not pruned, but a branch pulling technology is adopted, the angles of the branch pulling technology are pulled apart to relieve the growth vigor and increase the number of short branches, and the central trunk extension branches are not pruned when reaching the preset height; the main branches of the fusiform tree form can be opened at an angle of 8-9 months at the later stage of the growing season, and the branches are pulled to 70-90 degrees, so that the main branches are horizontal;

after the shaping was completed, the whole tree grew into a slender spindle-shaped tree shape of 3 m in height.