CN115822604B - Cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and method for carbon dioxide jet flow manufacturing temperature difference effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cobalt-rich crust exploitation system and method for manufacturing a temperature difference effect by carbon dioxide jet, and relates to the technical field of deep sea seabed cobalt-rich crust exploitation. The system comprises an air source providing system, a transportation system and a cobalt-rich crust collecting system; the cobalt-rich crust collecting system comprises a walking device, a relay device, a heating fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and a collecting head jet flow collecting device, wherein high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sprayed out through a first jet flow head, porous medium rock mass with obvious pore development such as cobalt-rich crust can be uniformly infiltrated under the action of pressure, so that the porous medium rock mass is heated to expand, high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with high-hardness sand and dry ice fragments is sprayed at a second jet flow head, the cobalt-rich crust temperature suddenly drops to form cracks, the cracks are stripped and broken under the impact of the high-pressure carbon dioxide and the high-hardness sand, and broken ore is sucked away along with a middle suction pipeline to finish stripping, breaking and collecting of the cobalt-rich crust.

Description

Cobalt-rich crust mining system and method for temperature difference effect produced by carbon dioxide jet

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of deep seabed cobalt-rich crust mining, in particular to a cobalt-rich crust mining system and method in which a carbon dioxide jet produces a temperature difference effect.

Background technique

Cobalt-rich crusts are rich in metals such as cobalt, nickel, zinc, lead, cerium, and platinum. The cobalt content can reach dozens of times that of terrestrial primary cobalt ores, and the average content of platinum is 80 times that of terrestrial ores. mining value. Cobalt-rich crusts mainly occur on seamounts and island slopes with a water depth of 800-3000m, and the ambient water depth is about 8-30Mpa. The most promising crust-enriched areas are the central and western Pacific seamounts (including the Magellan Seamounts, Maku Seamount Ridge, Wake Seamount, Marshall Seamount Chain, and Enlai Seamount Chain), the upper boundary of the orebody on the seamount runs through the foraminifer development field, the lower boundary is composed of clay and silt development field, and the crust bedrock 50 %～65% are basalt, pyroclastic rock and limestone, and a small part is breccia clay and silt. It can be seen that the mining of cobalt-rich crusts needs to face the problem of stripping cobalt-rich crusts from harder or softer bedrock while trying not to damage the bedrock.

The current research reports on the mining of cobalt-rich crusts on the seabed mainly include:

CN103551231B discloses a pulse crushing mechanism, a seabed cobalt-rich crust crushing system and a crushing method. The pulse crushing mechanism includes a mounting plate and a plurality of pairs of pulse electrodes installed on the mounting plate; each group of pulse electrodes includes a positive electrode and A ground electrode; the pulse electrode is connected to the pulse power supply through a cable; the pulse electrode includes an electrode body and an insulator that wraps the electrode body, and the tip of the electrode body protrudes from the bottom of the insulator; the middle section of the insulator is provided with a flange, and the pulse electrode It is placed in the installation hole with a limit step in the installation plate; the upper end of the installation hole is provided with a threaded through cover, and a spring is provided between the threaded through cover and the flange.

CN214062951U discloses a kind of subsea crust ore body crushing equipment, including cutting device, hydraulic impact device, traveling device and seabed repeater; traveling device can walk on the seabed, and cutting device and hydraulic impact device are respectively installed on the front end of traveling device and the rear end; the cutting device and the hydraulic impact device are respectively used for cutting the ore body into sections and impacting and crushing. The walking device is connected with the submarine repeater through the power supply and communication cable. And the communication cable is wound on the cable winch.

CN110454166A discloses a mining head for cobalt-rich crusts of seabed mineral resources, which is used for cutting and collecting thin layers of cobalt-rich crusts in deep sea. The mining head is mainly composed of a hydraulic collecting mechanism, a mounting plate, a hydraulic shock absorber, a cutterhead, a cutterhead mounting journal and a bearing system. The mining head is installed on the subsea operation vehicle, and the operation vehicle drives the mining head to move. The hydraulic motor drives the mounting coil to rotate around its central axis, and the three rotary cutters rotate around their own central axis. The crust is cut at a high speed to separate the crust from the bedrock. The three cutters rotate together to concentrate the peeled crust on the The central part of the mining head; the hydraulic collection mechanism generates negative pressure, and the crusts are sucked into the silo of the hydraulic collection mechanism with the water flow, which has the characteristics of high ore collection efficiency and micro-terrain sensitivity.

In the above-mentioned prior art, CN103551231B discloses a pulse crushing mechanism, a submarine cobalt-rich crust crushing system and a crushing method, which mainly utilizes the rock-breaking method of electromagnetic pulse technology. This method involves complex circuits. In the deep-sea environment, there are high pressure and sealing requirements, and because of the need for charging and discharging, continuous rock breaking cannot be achieved, which affects efficiency, and the life of charging and discharging equipment is difficult to solve; CN214062951U discloses a seabed crust In the body crushing equipment, the method of mechanical cutting and hydraulic impact rock breaking is mainly used, which has the advantages of mature technology and simple structure. However, in the deep sea high-salt environment, metal parts are easily corroded and have poor durability. A large number of micron-scale dust particles and noise will be produced in the mine, forming a plume flow and spreading, affecting the seabed ecological environment; CN110454166A discloses a mining head for cobalt-rich crusts of seabed mineral resources, which mainly adopts mechanical cutting and hydraulic collection The method of combining technologies reduces the use of metal parts to a certain extent and uses hydraulic power to replace metal parts, but there is also the problem that the mechanical parts are easily stuck by foreign objects on the seabed and cause failures. The impact force in the environment is greatly reduced.

In summary, the above-mentioned methods in the prior art are difficult to efficiently solve the problem of breaking, stripping and collecting cobalt-rich crusts from the bedrock.

Contents of the invention

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a cobalt-rich crust mining system that produces temperature difference effects by carbon dioxide jets, which uses the principle of rock temperature effects to realize efficient and green stripping and crushing of seabed cobalt-rich crusts through carbon dioxide jets in different states.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A cobalt-rich crust mining system in which carbon dioxide jets produce temperature difference effects, including a gas source supply system, a transportation system, and a cobalt-rich crust collection system located on the deep seabed, and the gas source supply system is connected to the transportation system;

The cobalt-rich crust collection system includes a walker, a relay device, a heating fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, and a collection head jet collection device. The relay device is installed on the walking On the device, the relay device is connected to the transportation system, and the carbon dioxide is transported and temporarily stored in the relay device through the transportation system, and the carbon dioxide pressure of the relay device is ≧7.3 MPa;

The relay device is respectively connected with the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device, and the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device; the collection head jet collection device includes a first jet head, a second jet head, a mixing chamber and a suction tube, the first jet head and the second jet head are respectively located at one end of the jet collection device of the collection head, and the first jet head is in the front row of the second jet head, and the mixing chamber is located at the second jet head the backend of

The heating fluid preparation device is used to heat the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to make it reach the condition for the formation of supercritical carbon dioxide, and then continue to heat it, and send the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide at the heating temperature into the In the first jet head, ejected from the first jet head;

The cooling fluid preparation device is used to mix the high-hardness sand with the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, form solid dry ice by condensing to below -56.6°C, and crush the solid dry ice into particles before sending it into the mixing chamber;

The carbon dioxide fluid preparation device is used to pressurize the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, pressurize it to above 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and send it into the mixing chamber;

The low-temperature fluid and high-pressure jet fluid located in the mixing chamber are mixed, then quickly sent into the second jet head, and ejected from the second jet head;

The suction tube is used to collect crushed cobalt-rich crusts.

The beneficial technical effect that above-mentioned technical scheme directly brings is:

The above-mentioned cobalt-rich crust collection system, through the cooperation of the relay device installed on the walker, the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and the collection head jet collection device, can realize the collection of seabed rich Efficient green harvesting of cobalt crusts. Specifically: through the first jet head of the collection head jet collection device, the high-pressure and high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide obtained by the heating fluid preparation device is ejected. The carbon dioxide in this state has extremely low viscosity and strong permeability. Under the action of the cobalt-rich crust, it can evenly infiltrate into the porous medium rock mass with obvious pore development such as the cobalt-rich crust, causing it to expand when heated; the second jet head of the collection head jet flow collection device sprays high-hardness sand and dry ice The high-pressure and low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide of the chips, as the walker advances, the cobalt-rich crust is alternately heated and cold, and temperature stress is generated inside, and damage cracks are initiated. It can be stripped and crushed, and the crushed ore is sucked away with the suction tube in the middle to complete the stripping, crushing and collection of cobalt-rich crusts.

In a word, the above-mentioned technical solution mainly utilizes the high temperature and high permeability of supercritical carbon dioxide, the low temperature of dry ice, and the different characteristics of thermal expansion and contraction of cobalt-rich crust and bedrock. The head uses thermal expansion and cold contraction to crack the cobalt-rich crust, and then the second jet head is supplemented by abrasive impact to achieve the effect of accurate peeling, which is suitable for deep sea environment.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the relay device includes a relay storage tank and a pressurization mechanism, and the pressurization mechanism is used to pressurize the carbon dioxide delivered by the transportation system.

In the above technical solution, since the gaseous carbon dioxide has been transformed into liquid carbon dioxide when it is transported through the transportation system to the relay device located in the deep sea, it is pressurized by setting a pressurizing mechanism to ensure that the pressure of carbon dioxide is ≧7.3MPa, and then through the relay The device temporarily stores the carbon dioxide that reaches the pressure condition for backup.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the heating fluid preparation device includes a delivery pipeline 1, a one-way control valve 1, a heating chamber and a one-way control valve 2, and one end of the delivery pipeline 1 is connected to the middle The outlet one of the secondary storage tank, the other end is connected to the first jet head, and the one-way control valve one and the one-way control valve two are respectively arranged on the side close to the relay storage tank and the first jet head. On the delivery pipeline one, the heating chamber is located between the one-way control valve one and the one-way control valve two, and the heating chamber is heated to a temperature of 31.1° C. to form supercritical carbon dioxide, and then continue It is heated to a temperature of 65-75°C.

In the above technical solution, the purpose of the heating fluid preparation device is to obtain high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide. When the temperature is higher than 31.1 degrees Celsius and the pressure is higher than 7.3Mpa, the carbon dioxide enters a supercritical state, and the heating chamber is used to store the carbon dioxide in the relay device. The carbon dioxide with a pressure greater than 7.3MPa is heated, and after reaching the supercritical state, the heating is continued until the temperature is 65-75°C to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide.

Further, the cooling fluid preparation device includes a delivery pipeline II, a one-way control valve III, a high-hardness sand mixing chamber, a cooling and solidification chamber, and a crushing chamber. One end of the delivery pipeline II is connected to the relay storage The outlet 2 of the tank is connected to the mixing chamber at the other end, and the one-way control valve 3 is arranged on the delivery pipeline 2 near the side of the relay storage tank. The high-hardness sand mixing chamber, cooling and solidification chamber The crushing chamber is arranged side by side in sequence, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber is on the side close to the one-way control valve three, and the crushing chamber is on the side close to the mixing chamber.

Further, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device includes a delivery pipeline three, a one-way control valve four, a carbon dioxide pressurization chamber and a one-way control valve five, one end of the delivery pipeline three is connected to the relay storage tank Outlet three, the other end is connected to the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve four and one-way control valve five are connected to the delivery pipeline three, and the carbon dioxide pressurization chamber is set at one-way control valve four and one-way control valve five to the control valve between five.

Further, the suction pipe is also connected with a suction pump, and the crushed cobalt-rich crusts are collected through the suction generated by the suction pump.

Further, the transportation system includes a transportation pipeline, the transportation pipeline includes a pipeline body, and an umbilical cable is inserted in the pipeline body, and the umbilical cable is fixed on the side of the pipeline body by a damping fixing device. Central position; the pipe body is made of stretch-resistant material.

Further, the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is greater than 7, and the high-hardness sand is made of silica, alumina or garnet with a particle size of 60-150 mesh.

Further, the walker is a seabed mine car, and the relay device is installed at the tail of the seabed mine car; the first jet head and the second jet head are arranged alternately, and the jet targets of the two are different.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a cobalt-rich crust mining method in which a carbon dioxide jet produces a temperature difference effect, which includes the following steps in sequence:

S1. The gas source supply system provides carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system. When the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source supply system reaches the relay device located in the deep sea, it is transformed into liquid carbon dioxide, which is pressurized and ensured Carbon dioxide pressure ≧7.3MPa; temporary storage of carbon dioxide that reaches the pressure condition through the relay device;

S2. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the heating fluid preparation device and is further heated. After reaching the formation condition of supercritical carbon dioxide greater than 31°C, continue heating for a period of time to reach 65-75°C to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide. High-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sent into the first jet head, and the first jet head is ejected to heat the cobalt-rich crust;

S3. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the cooling fluid preparation device. After cooling down, it is mixed with hard sand abrasives, condensed to below -56.6°C to make dry ice mixed with hard sand, and then mixed with hard sand The dry ice is crushed into granules and fed into the mixing chamber;

S4. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, pressurizes to above 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and sends it into the mixing chamber; mixes with the dry ice mixed with hard sand in step S3 ;

S5. The high-pressure and low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with hard sand and dry ice particles obtained in the mixing chamber is ejected from the second jet head. As the traveler advances, the cobalt-rich crust is alternately heated and cooled, and temperature stress is generated inside, and cracks are initiated. , under the high-pressure impact of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide surrounded by hard sand abrasives, the cobalt-rich crusts can be peeled off and broken, and the broken cobalt-rich crusts are sucked away from the suction tube to complete the stripping and crushing of the cobalt-rich crusts collection.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) The present invention utilizes the characteristics that the cobalt-rich crust and the bedrock have different porosities and different thermal expansion rates to crush and peel the cobalt-rich crust. This stripping method has little damage to the bedrock and does not need to be installed Cutting height control system.

(2) Cracks are generated inside the cobalt-rich crust through alternating cold and heat, coupled with the stripping and crushing method of abrasive fluid impact, the diameter of the broken nodules is large, and the abrasive particle size and weight are large and easy to settle, and no fine grains will be produced during the crushing process. Particles with small particle size will not form plumes and pollute the seabed environment.

(3) The umbilical cable is wrapped in the carbon dioxide transmission pipeline. Carbon dioxide is an inert gas, which can protect the umbilical cable, reduce the corrosion of the umbilical cable by seawater, reduce the risk of umbilical cable breakage or leakage, and also protect the umbilical cable. to the cooling effect.

(4) Hard sand is used as an abrasive and mixed with carbon dioxide to make dry ice. The hard sand can be used as a condensation nucleus to reduce the freezing temperature of carbon dioxide, which is more energy-saving than dry ice made of pure carbon dioxide.

(5) The jet medium uses carbon dioxide, making full use of the characteristics of different states of carbon dioxide: supercritical carbon dioxide has the characteristics of high temperature, low viscosity, and high permeability, which can better heat the cobalt-rich crusts rich in pores; high-density carbon dioxide ratio The high density of water provides greater impact force and the low temperature characteristics of dry ice. Most of them will remain on the seabed in the form of carbon lakes and hydrates to achieve carbon dioxide sequestration.

(6) For some rocks with low density and developed pores, a temperature difference of 70°C can produce obvious crack damage. Different rocks have different thermal expansion coefficients, and their temperature difference effects are also different. The invention utilizes this feature to form a temperature difference greater than 70°C, which can crack and peel off the cobalt-rich crust.

To sum up, the present invention utilizes the principle of rock temperature effect to achieve efficient and green stripping and crushing of cobalt-rich crusts on the seabed through jets of carbon dioxide in different states. The mining system of the present invention can actively adapt to changes in crust thickness, reduce damage to bedrock and environmental impact of debris dust, and directly seal carbon dioxide tail gas in deep sea to achieve carbon sequestration, which has the characteristics of high efficiency and environmental protection.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is the flowchart of the method for mining cobalt-rich crusts of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cobalt-rich crust mining system with the temperature difference effect produced by the carbon dioxide jet of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the transportation pipeline in the transportation system of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the cobalt-rich crust mining system of the carbon dioxide jet manufacturing temperature difference effect of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of crust crushing and stripping by adopting the mining system of the present invention;

In the picture:

1. Transportation system, 11. Air source supply system, 12. Transportation pipeline, 121. Pipeline body, 122. Umbilical cable, 123. Damping fixture, 13. Relay device, 131. Pressurization mechanism, 132. Relay storage Tank, 2. Heating fluid preparation device, 21. Conveying pipeline one, 22. One-way control valve one, 23. Heating chamber, 24. One-way control valve two, 3. Cooling fluid preparation device, 31. Conveying pipeline two, 32 , one-way control valve three, 33, high hardness sand mixing chamber, 34, cooling and solidification chamber, 35, crushing chamber, 4, carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, 41, delivery pipeline three, 42, one-way control valve four, 43, carbon dioxide Booster chamber, 44, one-way control valve five, 5, collection head jet collection device, 51, first jet head, 52, mixing chamber, 53, suction pipe, 531, suction pump.

Detailed ways

The present invention proposes a cobalt-rich crust mining system and method based on temperature difference effects produced by carbon dioxide jets. In order to make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with specific examples below.

The "high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide" mentioned in the present invention refers to supercritical carbon dioxide with a temperature of 65-75°C.

"High hardness sand" means: Mohs hardness greater than 7, such as silica, alumina or garnet with a particle size of 60-150 mesh.

"High-pressure jet fluid" refers to high-density liquid carbon dioxide formed by pressurization by a supercharging device, and the pressure refers to above 7.37MPa.

"Cryogenic fluid" refers to a fluid with a temperature of -30 to -50°C, which is a mixed fluid formed by using high-pressure and high-density carbon dioxide fluid to engulf solid dry ice and sand particles under pressure.

The carbon dioxide pressure of the relay device mentioned in this article is ≧7.3MPa, which refers to the absolute pressure.

The present invention mainly utilizes the principle of rock temperature effect to achieve efficient and green stripping and crushing of cobalt-rich crusts on the seabed through different states of carbon dioxide jets. The critical carbon dioxide is lighter than the water medium, so it is not suitable to simply shock with carbon dioxide, which will cause a huge energy consumption and fail to reach the technical problem to be solved in this application.

As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 , a cobalt-rich crust mining system of the present invention that produces temperature difference effects by carbon dioxide jets includes a gas source supply system 11 , a transportation system 1 and a cobalt-rich crust collection system located on the deep seabed.

Wherein: the gas source supply system 11 is connected with the transportation system, the gas source supply system 11 adopts the gas source supply equipment located on the sea surface, and the gas source supply equipment provides the carbon dioxide gas source in the form of release storage or direct transportation from land.

The main function of the transportation system 1 is to transport the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source supply system to the cobalt-rich crust collection system located on the deep seabed. The transportation system 1 includes a transportation pipeline 12, as shown in FIG. 3 , the transportation pipeline includes a pipeline body 121, The pipeline body 121 is made of strong stretch-resistant material, and the umbilical cable 122 is interspersed in the middle of the pipeline body 121. The umbilical cable 122 is fixed at the center of the pipeline body by a damping fixing device 123 to avoid friction between the two due to the movement of the transportation pipeline. .

The cobalt-rich crust collection system includes a walker, a relay device 13 , a heating fluid preparation device 2 , a cooling fluid preparation device 3 , a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device 4 and a collection head jet collection device 5 .

The walking device is a movable seabed mine car, and the relay device 13, the heating fluid preparation device 2, the cooling fluid preparation device 3, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device 4 and the collection head jet collection device 5 are all installed on the seabed mine car, To realize the mining of seabed minerals, the structure of the seabed mine car can be realized by referring to the prior art.

The relay device 13 is installed at the end of the seabed mine car. The relay device is connected to the transportation system, and the carbon dioxide is transported and temporarily stored in the relay device through the transportation system. The pressure of the carbon dioxide in the relay device is ≧7.3MPa.

As shown in Figure 4, the relay device includes a pressurization mechanism 131 and a relay storage tank 132. When carbon dioxide reaches the deep sea, it has become liquid due to the pressure and temperature of the deep sea. Carry out pressurization, ensure that its pressure reaches more than 7.3MPa by pressurization, and temporarily store carbon dioxide for coming through the relay storage tank 132 . The relay storage tank 132 is provided with three outlets, which are respectively outlet one, outlet two and outlet three, and the three outlets are respectively connected to three parallel delivery pipelines 21, 2 31 and 3 41, one end of the delivery pipeline 21 Connected to the outlet one of the relay storage tank, the other end of the delivery pipeline one is connected to the first jet head 51, and the delivery pipeline one is respectively provided with a one-way control valve 22, a heating chamber 23 and a one-way control valve two 24, One-way control valve one and one-way control valve two are respectively arranged on the delivery pipeline one near the relay storage tank and the first injection head side, the heating chamber is located between one-way control valve one and one-way control valve two, and the heating The chamber is heated to a temperature of 31°C to form the conditions for the formation of supercritical carbon dioxide, and then continues to be heated to a temperature of 65-75°C to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide.

The above-mentioned delivery pipeline one 21, one-way control valve one 22, heating chamber 23 and one-way control valve two 24 together constitute a heating fluid preparation device, which is heated by the heating chamber to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide, and the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide passes through the one-way control valve Two 24 flow to the first jet head 51.

The cooling fluid preparation device is used to mix the high-hardness sand with the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, form solid dry ice by condensing it below -56.6°C, and break the solid dry ice into particles and send it to the mixing chamber; cooling The fluid preparation device includes a delivery pipeline 2 31, a one-way control valve 3 32, a high-hardness sand mixing chamber 33, a cooling and solidification chamber 34, and a crushing chamber 35. One end of the delivery pipeline 2 is connected to the outlet 2 of the relay storage tank, and the other end is connected to In the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve 3 is set on the delivery pipeline 2 close to the side of the relay storage tank. The high-hardness sand mixing chamber, the cooling and solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are arranged side by side in sequence. The high The hardness sand mixing chamber is on the side close to the one-way control valve three, and the crushing chamber is on the side close to the mixing chamber.

The carbon dioxide entering the cooling fluid preparation device flows through the delivery pipeline 2 31 through the one-way control valve 3 32, enters the carbon dioxide and high-hardness sand mixing chamber 33, mixes with the high-hardness sand, and then enters the cooling and solidification chamber 34 to solidify to form solid dry ice, and then After entering the crushing chamber 35 and breaking into particles, it flows to the mixing chamber 52 of the collection head jet collection device 5 .

The carbon dioxide fluid preparation device is used to pressurize the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, pressurize it to above 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and send it into the mixing chamber; the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device includes a delivery pipeline 3 41, a one-way Control valve four 42, carbon dioxide pressurization chamber 43 and one-way control valve five 44, one end of the delivery pipeline three is connected to the outlet three of the relay storage tank, the other end is connected to the mixing chamber 52, one-way control valve four and one-way control Valve five is connected to delivery pipeline three, and the carbon dioxide pressurization chamber is arranged between one-way control valve four and one-way control valve five. The carbon dioxide entering the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device flows through the delivery pipeline three 41 through the one-way control valve four 42 and enters the carbon dioxide pressurization chamber 43, pressurized and forms high-density liquid carbon dioxide, flows through the one-way control valve five 44, and then flows to the collection Mixing chamber 52 of head jet collection device 5 .

The collection head jet collection device 5 includes a first jet head 51, a mixing chamber 52, a suction pipe 53, and a suction pump 531. The first jet head 51 is connected to a heating fluid preparation device, and sprays high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide to heat the mineral cobalt-rich crust , the mixing chamber 52 is located at the rear end of the second jet head, the mixing chamber is connected to the cooling fluid preparation device and the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, and sprays high-density liquid carbon dioxide mixed with dry ice and high-hardness sand abrasives, and the dry ice generates low temperature, resulting in cobalt-rich crusted turtles The cobalt-rich crust is further crushed and stripped by the impact force of abrasives and high-density carbon dioxide along the broken crack, and the suction pipe 53 collects the crushed ore through the suction generated by the suction pump 531 to complete the low-pressure cobalt-rich crust on the seabed. Perturb the green collection.

As shown in Fig. 1, the mining method of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the above mining system.

Step 1. The gas source supply system provides carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system. When the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source supply system reaches the relay device located in the deep sea, it will be transformed into liquid carbon dioxide, and it will be pressurized through the pressurization mechanism room. and ensure that the carbon dioxide pressure is ≧7.3MPa; the carbon dioxide that reaches the pressure condition is temporarily stored through the relay device;

Step 2: The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the heating fluid preparation device, and it is further heated. After the formation condition of supercritical carbon dioxide is greater than 31°C, the heating chamber continues to heat for a period of time to reach 65-75°C, forming a high-temperature supercritical fluid. Critical carbon dioxide, high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sent into the first jet head, and the first jet head sprays out high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide in this state has extremely low viscosity and extremely Strong permeability, under the action of pressure, it can evenly infiltrate into porous media rock mass with obvious pores such as cobalt-rich crust, causing it to expand when heated;

Step 3. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the cooling fluid preparation device. After cooling down, it is mixed with hard sand abrasives, condensed to below -56.6°C to make dry ice mixed with hard sand, and then mixed with hard sand The dry ice is crushed into granules and sent to the mixing chamber;

Step 4: The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, pressurized to above 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and sends it into the mixing chamber; and dry ice mixed with hard sand in step 3 mix;

Step 5, as shown in Figure 5, the high-pressure and low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with hard sand and dry ice particles obtained in the mixing chamber is ejected from the second jet head, and as the walker advances, the cobalt-rich crust is alternately heated and cooled, and the interior Temperature stress is generated, and fracture cracks are initiated. Under the high-pressure impact of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide surrounded by hard sand abrasives, the cobalt-rich crusts can be peeled off and broken, and the broken cobalt-rich crusts are sucked away from the suction tube to complete the enrichment process. Exfoliation, crushing and collection of cobalt crusts.

The specific structures and working methods of the heating chamber, high-hardness sand mixing chamber, cooling and solidification chamber, crushing chamber, and carbon dioxide pressurization chamber mentioned in the present invention can be realized by referring to the existing technology, and will not be described in detail herein.

The parts not mentioned in the present invention can be realized by referring to the prior art.

Of course, the above descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention shall also belong to the present invention. protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cobalt-rich crust mining system that produces a temperature difference effect by a carbon dioxide jet, comprising a gas source supply system, a transportation system and a cobalt-rich crust collection system located on the deep seabed, characterized in that: The gas supply system is connected to the transportation system; The cobalt-rich crust collection system includes a walker, a relay device, a heating fluid preparation device, a cooling fluid preparation device, a carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, and a collection head jet collection device. The relay device, the heating fluid preparation device, The cooling fluid preparation device, the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device and the collection head jet collection device are all installed on the walker, the relay device is connected to the transportation system, and the carbon dioxide is transported and temporarily collected by the transportation system. Stored in the relay device, the pressure of the carbon dioxide in the relay device is ≧7.3MPa; The relay device is respectively connected with the heating fluid preparation device, the cooling fluid preparation device, and the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device; The collection head jet collection device includes a first jet head, a second jet head, a mixing chamber and a suction tube, the first jet head and the second jet head are respectively located at one end of the collection head jet collection device, and the first The jet head is in the front row of the second jet head, and the mixing chamber is located at the rear end of the second jet head; The heating fluid preparation device is used to heat the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device to make it reach the condition for the formation of supercritical carbon dioxide, and then continue to heat it, and send the high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide at the heating temperature into the In the first jet head, ejected from the first jet head; The cooling fluid preparation device is used to mix high-hardness sand with carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, form solid dry ice by condensing below -56.6°C, and crush the mixture of solid dry ice and high-hardness sand into particles and send it to the the mixing chamber; The carbon dioxide fluid preparation device is used to pressurize the carbon dioxide provided by the relay device, pressurize it to above 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and send it into the mixing chamber; The low-temperature fluid and high-pressure jet fluid located in the mixing chamber are mixed, then quickly sent into the second jet head, and ejected from the second jet head; The suction tube is used to collect crushed cobalt-rich crusts. 2. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with temperature difference effect produced by a carbon dioxide jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the relay device includes a relay storage tank and a pressurization mechanism, and the pressurization mechanism Used to pressurize the carbon dioxide delivered by the transportation system. 3. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with temperature difference effect produced by a carbon dioxide jet according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heating fluid preparation device comprises a delivery pipeline one, a one-way control valve one, a heating chamber and a single To the control valve 2, one end of the delivery pipe 1 is connected to the outlet 1 of the relay storage tank, and the other end is connected to the first jet head, the one-way control valve one and the one-way The second control valve is respectively arranged on the delivery pipeline 1 near the relay storage tank and the first injection head side, and the heating chamber is located between the one-way control valve one and the one-way control valve two, and the one-way control valve two The heating chamber is heated to a temperature of 31.1°C to form the condition for the formation of supercritical carbon dioxide, and then continues to be heated to a temperature of 65-75°C. 4. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with temperature difference effect produced by a carbon dioxide jet according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cooling fluid preparation device includes a delivery pipeline two, a one-way control valve three, and a high-hardness sand mixing chamber, cooling and coagulation chamber and crushing chamber, one end of the delivery pipeline 2 is connected to the outlet 2 of the relay storage tank, and the other end is connected to the mixing chamber, and the one-way control valve 3 is set at On the delivery pipeline 2 near the side of the relay storage tank, the high-hardness sand mixing chamber, the cooling and solidification chamber and the crushing chamber are arranged side by side in sequence, and the high-hardness sand mixing chamber is on the side near the one-way control valve 3 , the crushing chamber is on the side close to the mixing chamber. 5. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with a carbon dioxide jet manufacturing temperature difference effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: said carbon dioxide fluid preparation device comprises a delivery pipeline three, a one-way control valve four, and a carbon dioxide booster chamber And one-way control valve five, one end of the delivery pipeline three is connected to the outlet three of the relay storage tank, the other end is connected to the mixing chamber, the one-way control valve four and one-way control Valve five is connected to delivery pipeline three, and the carbon dioxide pressurization chamber is arranged between one-way control valve four and one-way control valve five. 6. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with temperature difference effect produced by a carbon dioxide jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the suction pipe is also connected to a suction pump, and the suction generated by the suction pump is effective for crushing The subsequent cobalt-rich crusts are collected. 7. A cobalt-rich crust mining system in which a carbon dioxide jet produces a temperature difference effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transportation system includes a transportation pipeline, and the transportation pipeline includes a pipeline body. An umbilical cable is inserted in the pipeline body, and the umbilical cable is fixed at the center of the pipeline body by a damping fixing device. 8. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with temperature difference effect produced by a carbon dioxide jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Mohs hardness of the high-hardness sand is greater than 7, and the selected particle size of the high-hardness sand is 60-150 mesh silica, alumina or garnet. 9. A cobalt-rich crust mining system with temperature difference effect produced by a carbon dioxide jet according to claim 1, characterized in that: the walking device is a seabed mine car, and the relay device is installed at the tail of the seabed mine car ; The first jet head and the second jet head are arranged alternately, and the jet targets of the two are different. 10. A cobalt-rich crust mining method with a carbon dioxide jet to produce a temperature difference effect, characterized in that it adopts the cobalt-rich crust mining system with a carbon dioxide jet to produce a temperature difference effect according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the The mining method includes the following steps in sequence: S1. The gas source supply system provides carbon dioxide to the relay device through the transportation system. When the gaseous carbon dioxide provided by the gas source supply system reaches the relay device located in the deep sea, it is transformed into liquid carbon dioxide, which is pressurized and ensured Carbon dioxide pressure ≧7.3MPa; temporary storage of carbon dioxide that reaches the pressure condition through the relay device; S2. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the heating fluid preparation device and is further heated. After reaching the formation condition of supercritical carbon dioxide greater than 31.1°C, continue heating for a period of time to reach 65-75°C to form high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide. High-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide is sent into the first jet head, and the first jet head is ejected to heat the cobalt-rich crust; S3. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the cooling fluid preparation device. After cooling down, it is mixed with hard sand abrasives, condensed to below -56.6°C to make dry ice mixed with hard sand, and then mixed with hard sand The dry ice is crushed into granules and fed into the mixing chamber; S4. The carbon dioxide stored in the relay device enters the carbon dioxide fluid preparation device, pressurizes to above 7.37MPa to form high-density liquid carbon dioxide, and sends it into the mixing chamber; mixes with the dry ice mixed with hard sand in step S3 ; S5. The high-pressure and low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide with hard sand and dry ice particles obtained in the mixing chamber is ejected from the second jet head. As the traveler advances, the cobalt-rich crust is alternately heated and cooled, and temperature stress is generated inside, and cracks are initiated. , under the high-pressure impact of high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide surrounded by hard sand abrasives, the cobalt-rich crusts can be peeled off and broken, and the broken cobalt-rich crusts are sucked away from the suction tube to complete the stripping and crushing of the cobalt-rich crusts collection.

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