CN115941078B - A receiver multi-channel consistency calibration method based on intermediate frequency processing unit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit, which is characterized in that reference signals are firstly set to be formed by interlacing two types of signals, then nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration are respectively carried out on the reference signals, then nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration results are transmitted to a calibration network to complete the calibration, a reference source is set in the intermediate frequency processing unit, and a channel error detection and calibration network is realized by utilizing a digital signal processing algorithm to process the multichannel inconsistency problem of a radio frequency system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of channel calibration, in particular to a receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit.
Background
In a receiver of a radar, communication or electronic countermeasure system using an array antenna or a MIMO multi-antenna, the original parameter characteristics of each signal channel should be completely consistent under ideal conditions. However, besides the channel difference of the antenna unit, parameters of different receiving channels are mismatched due to different T/R component gains, nonlinear characteristics of devices, different group delay characteristics of filters, sampling clock out-of-step of a plurality of parallel ADC devices and other factors, which causes array antenna pattern distortion or loss of orthogonality among streams of MIMO signals, and finally results in the problems of overall performance deterioration of the receiver, low equipment energy consumption, high cost and the like. Therefore, for the above-mentioned radar, communication, electronic countermeasure system receiver with parallel multiple radio frequency channels, it is necessary to perform a consistency calibration between the multiple channels, especially considering that the multiple channel parameters often relate to the working conditions of the device, and this calibration needs to be performed in real time or dynamically on site.
Considering that the radar/communication receiver described above typically begins to digitize at an intermediate frequency, the main functional digital signal processing processes (e.g., radar target signal detection, communication signal demodulation decoding) are performed at baseband. A special intermediate frequency signal processing unit is often arranged between the analog-digital conversion device and the baseband processing unit and is used for realizing real-time processing of intermediate frequency signal sample streams such as frequency spectrum shifting, filtering, sample rate conversion, received signal strength detection and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit, which aims to solve the problems of low energy consumption ratio, high cost and the like of channel parameter calibration equipment in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
A receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit comprises the following steps:
Setting the reference signals into two types of signal interleaving, respectively carrying out nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration on the reference signals, and transmitting nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration results to a calibration network to finish calibration.
Preferably, the two types of signals in the reference signal are respectively an LFM signal and a nonlinear detection signal, and the nonlinear detection signal is composed of a single-tone signal or a double-tone sinusoidal signal with a set of frequency point changes.
Preferably, the formula of the LFM signal is:
Wherein T is time, phi 0 is random initial phase, complex vector of random initial phase, a is linear modulation frequency control factor, T is modulation symbol period, M is 1/2 of symbol period number, and p (T) is power mask function.
Preferably, the single tone signal formula is:
x2,k(t)＝Akcos(2πfkt+θk)
Where a k、fk and θ k are the amplitude, frequency, and initial phase of the kth tone signal, respectively.
Preferably, the formula of the binaural sinusoidal signal is:
x3,l(t)＝A′l[cos(2πf1,lt+θ1,l)+cos(2πf2,lt+θ2,l)]
Wherein a' l is the amplitude of the first two-tone signal, f 1,l and f 2,l are the frequency 1 and the frequency 2 of the first two-tone signal, respectively, and θ 1,l and θ 2,l are the initial phase 1 and the initial phase 2 of the first two-tone signal, respectively.
Preferably, the detection target in the detection calibration of the nonlinear mismatch is a nonlinear model, and the nonlinear model is expressed as follows:
y(t)＝a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3+…
Where x is an input signal, y is a nonlinear signal, x k is a k-order component caused by nonlinearity, and a k k= 0.1.2.3 … is each order coefficient.
Preferably, the purpose of the nonlinear detection is to calculate each order coefficient in the nonlinear model, and calibrate the signal y (t) to y' (t) according to the following formula after calculating each order coefficient;
Preferably, the group delay mismatch is detected specifically by sliding correlation of the received signals of each channel, comparing time positions of correlation results, detecting group delay parameters of each channel, selecting a channel with the largest group delay value as a reference channel, and performing group delay calibration by using the reference channel as a reference for other channels.
Preferably, the detection and calibration of the amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response mismatch are specifically implemented by firstly detecting a system function related to an ontology, then calculating a frequency domain system function of a channel to be calibrated and a reference channel through the system function related to the ontology, then calculating a frequency domain system function of a filter in a calibration network according to a calculation result, changing the frequency domain system function of the filter into each tap coefficient through IFFT conversion, and putting the tap coefficients into the filter to realize the calibration of the amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response.
Preferably, the specific equation of detection and calibration of the amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response mismatch is as follows:
The I H err,k (j omega) I is the amplitude-frequency mismatch characteristic of the kth channel, the theta err,k (j omega) is the phase-frequency mismatch characteristic of the kth channel, the X ref (j omega) is the signal spectrum after passing through the reference channel, and the X k (j omega) is the signal spectrum after passing through the kth mismatch channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit, which is characterized in that reference signals are firstly set to be formed by interlacing two types of signals, then nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration are respectively carried out on the reference signals, then nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration results are transmitted to a calibration network to complete the calibration, a reference source is set in the intermediate frequency processing unit, and a channel error detection and calibration network is realized by utilizing a digital signal processing algorithm to process the multichannel inconsistency problem of a radio frequency system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a multi-channel consistency calibration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a reference signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the FFT spectrum after nonlinear distortion of the mono signal of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a group delay detection principle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of amplitude/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 6 is an example of a receiver employing a multi-channel consistency calibration method.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1-5, the present invention provides a receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit
(1) Multichannel intermediate frequency processing unit structure with consistency calibration capability
The receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on the intermediate frequency processing unit adopts a closed-loop feedback loop architecture adopting a reference signal-mismatch detection-calibration network, and fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram thereof. The intermediate frequency processing unit is provided with a special reference signal source, the reference signal is connected to each channel of the receiver through a distribution network after passing through a certain transmitter channel, and the transmission process of the reference signal does not pass through a receiving-transmitting antenna. The reference signal is specially designed so that gain, phase, group delay and nonlinear mismatch of each channel can be detected. The mismatch detection module works in parallel with the intermediate frequency processing channel, and can calculate the matching parameters of the calibration network according to the mismatch error and feed the matching parameters back to the calibration network. The calibration network is divided into a calibration network 1 and a calibration network 2, wherein the calibration network 1 is positioned after analog-to-digital conversion and performs nonlinear calibration on an input digital sample point; the calibration network 2 is located after the conventional intermediate frequency processing channel and is constituted by a FIR filter. The FIR filter can calibrate various mismatch characteristics such as group delay, amplitude, phase and the like.
(2) Dedicated reference signal design
The multi-channel mismatch condition consists of four characteristics of group delay, amplitude, phase and nonlinearity, and considering that the amplitude and phase characteristics are changed along with frequency in the broadband receiver, the amplitude and phase characteristics of the channel are not a constant any more, but an 'amplitude-frequency' response curve and a 'phase-frequency' response curve. The reference signal has a sufficient length and consists of two types of signal interlaces. The first type is LFM signals, which have good autocorrelation characteristics, facilitate detection of channel group delay characteristics, and have sufficient frequency width to adequately scan the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency response over the entire passband. The second signal is a nonlinear detection signal, which is composed of a single-tone or double-tone sinusoidal signal with a set of frequency point variation, and is used for exciting the nonlinear characteristics at a plurality of preset frequency points in the passband range. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reference signal.
The formula of the LFM signal:
Wherein phi 0 is a random initial phase, T is a modulation symbol period, M is 1/2 of the symbol period number, and the M is a power mask function, which is mainly used for preventing sudden change of burst power, so that the burst power rises or falls to meet a power template.
Single tone signal formula:
x2,k(t)＝Akcos(2πfkt+θk)
Where a k、fk and θ k are the amplitude, frequency, and initial phase of the kth tone signal, respectively.
The formula of the duplex signal:
x3,l(t)＝A′l[cos(2πf1,lt+θ1,l)+cos(2πf2,lt+θ2,l)]
Wherein a' l is the amplitude of the first two-tone signal, f 1,l and f 2,l are the frequency 1 and frequency 2 of the first two-tone signal, respectively, and θ 1,l and θ 2,l are the initial phases, respectively.
(3) Detection and calibration of nonlinear mismatch
The actual ADC has not only gain errors and offset errors, but also nonlinearities, and the nonlinear model of the device can be expressed as follows by taylor series:
y(t)＝a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3+…
Where x is the input signal, y is the nonlinear signal, x k is the nonlinear-induced k-order component, and a k is the coefficients of each order. On the premise of meeting the performance, it is enough that k takes 3, namely only nonlinear components below the 3 rd order of the signal are concerned. The purpose of the nonlinear detection is to calculate each a k in the model.
After knowing the reference signal x and calculating each a k, the input signal y (t) can be calibrated as y' (t) according to the above formula. To simplify the process, the following formula may be used:
The estimation of a k can be obtained by using a spectrum analysis method, and a single-tone reference signal is taken as an example to describe the estimation method of a k. When a single-tone sinusoidal signal is input, the output 2-order component caused by nonlinearity is the 2 nd harmonic component of the single-tone reference signal. Similarly, the nonlinear-caused output 3-order component is the 3 rd harmonic component of the single-tone reference signal. And carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on the nonlinear distorted single-tone signal by using FFT, and counting the power of each subharmonic component, thereby estimating each a k. Since the nonlinear characteristics of the wideband signal receiver are related to the amplitude and frequency of the input signal, a set of reference signals covering the passband frequency range and the amplitude dynamic range need to be used for multiple estimations, and the most accurate a k is obtained by fitting and estimating. Fig. 3 is a diagram of an FFT spectrum after nonlinear distortion of a single tone signal.
(4) Group delay mismatch detection and calibration
Because the LFM signal in the reference signal has good autocorrelation characteristics, the group delay parameters of each channel can be detected by comparing the time positions of correlation results by sliding correlation of the received signals of each channel. In order to use the physical realizability of the FIR filter in (5), the channel with the largest group delay value needs to be selected as the reference channel, and other channels use the reference channel as the reference to perform group delay calibration. In fact, the reference signal is provided with a cyclic prefix for the LFM signal, ensuring that its length is greater than the maximum group delay difference for each channel, so that the calibration of the group delay can be done in the calibration network 2 together with the amplitude/phase frequency response calibration. Fig. 4 is a single channel group delay detection method. In the group delay detection, due to the existence of the cyclic prefix in the reference signal, the frequency domain correlation can be used for replacing the time domain sliding correlation, and the operation complexity can be reduced. Particularly, the FFT is used for the nonlinear mismatch detection in the step (3) and the calculation of the FIR coefficient in the step (5), so that the resource multiplexing can be completely performed.
(5) Detection and calibration of amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response mismatch
In wideband reception, both the amplitude and frequency response of a radio frequency channel are frequency dependent, i.e., the spectral characteristics are not flat, and the "amplitude-frequency" and "phase-frequency" response curves of the channel must be detected. In view of the detection of the system function of the channel, the amplitude/phase frequency response is naturally obtained, and the mismatch detection is converted into a system function estimation and an error detection with the reference channel system function. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response mismatch detection. The invention employs LFM reference signals that have sufficient frequency width to adequately scan the frequency response over the passband. The received LFM signal is locally correlated in the intermediate frequency processing unit, and its system function can be detected. In order to reduce the operation complexity, the local LFM correlation is performed in the frequency domain by adopting FFT, and the system functions of the channel to be calibrated and the reference channel are also in the frequency domain. The correction coefficient calculation module of the FIR filter calculates the frequency domain system function of the FIR filter in the calibration network 2 according to the frequency domain system functions of the channel to be calibrated and the reference channel, changes the frequency domain system function into each tap coefficient through IFFT conversion, and places the tap coefficients into the FIR filter to realize the calibration of amplitude frequency/phase frequency response. Because the FIR filter has the characteristic of group delay, the generated calibration filter coefficient can also finish the calibration of group delay. The reference channel is typically selected from a certain channel of the multichannel receiver and in order to ensure causal realisation of each FIR filter in the calibration network 2, the channel with the largest group delay has to be selected. The reference channel does not need to be calibrated, and the FIR filter of the reference channel is only equivalent to one delay network by setting proper parameters, so that the FIR filter is consistent with the group delay of each calibrated channel.
Let X 0 (t) be the reference signal, its spectrum is X 0 (jω), and the signal spectrum after passing through the reference channel (its system function is H 0 (jω)) is X ref (jω).
Xref(jω)＝X0(jω)H0(jω)
The signal spectrum of the reference signal X 0 (t) after the kth mismatch channel (whose system function is H k (jω)) is X k (jω).
Xk(jω)＝X0(jω)Hk(jω)
The mismatch characteristic H err,k (jω) of the kth channel with respect to the reference channel can be found by:
I H err,k (jω) is the amplitude-frequency mismatch characteristic of the kth channel, and θ err,k (jω) is the phase-frequency mismatch characteristic of the kth channel. When the frequency domain system function of the kth FIR filter in the calibration network 2 is H err,k (jω), the corrected equivalent frequency domain system function of the kth channel is H 0 (jω), which is the same as the reference channel, so as to achieve the purpose of calibration.
Workflow of receiver multichannel consistency calibration method based on intermediate frequency processing unit
The workflow of the multi-channel consistency calibration method consists of multiple steps.
A. After the multichannel digital intermediate frequency processing unit is started, initial values (without calibration) are set for the calibration network 1 and the calibration network 2, and the LFM signal correlation detection module starts to perform local correlation detection on the reference signals;
b. When the correlation peak of the local correlation exceeds the threshold, confirming that the reference signal is detected, and sending a starting signal to a nonlinear detection module by an LFM signal correlation detection module;
c. The nonlinear detection module performs FFT spectrum analysis on the single-tone/double-tone reference signal, and calculates each order coefficient of the nonlinear model according to harmonic energy;
d. placing coefficients of the nonlinear model into a calibration network 1 to calibrate nonlinear mismatch;
e, the LFM signal correlation detection circuit detects the next reference signal frame, compares the group delay values of all channels, and selects the channel with the largest group delay value as the reference channel;
f. Obtaining mismatch calibration parameters of the FIR filters of all channels by comparing correlation functions of LFM signals of all channels with reference channels, and placing the mismatch calibration parameters into a calibration network 2;
g. iterating the above process until all the reference signal frames are received;
h. and (3) ending calibration, switching the distribution network to a normal working mode, and starting normal working of the multichannel receiver.
Examples:
An example of a receiver employing the multi-channel consistency calibration method of the present invention is given. The receiver has the following characteristics:
1) The receiver mainly comprises a radio frequency unit, an intermediate frequency processing unit and a baseband processing unit;
2) The intermediate frequency processing unit mainly comprises ADC, DAC, FPGA, the main body (signal processing related part) of the multichannel consistency calibration method is positioned in the FPGA, and the DAC is used for digital-to-analog conversion of the baseband signal;
3) The multi-channel consistency calibration method is an off-line method using self reference signals, so that the whole cooperation of each unit of the receiver is needed, and the cooperation is controlled by an embedded processor of the receiver;
4) After the receiver is powered on and started, the calibration mode is first carried out, the multi-channel consistency calibration is carried out, and the normal working mode is shifted after the calibration is finished. According to the application scene of the receiver, the method can periodically circulate in a calibration mode and a normal working mode when conditions allow, so that the time-dynamic multi-channel inconsistency can be corrected;
5) The bottom digital signal processing modules such as FFT, FIR filter and the like adopted by the method are common modules in conventional intermediate frequency processing, and can be multiplexed with the conventional intermediate frequency processing by considering that consistency calibration and normal receiving are carried out in a time-sharing manner, so that the method does not obviously increase the complexity of an intermediate frequency unit;
6) In the receiver example shown in fig. 6, only one DAC device, one radio frequency signal distribution network, and one radio frequency reference signal transmission channel are added to the conventional receiver digital intermediate frequency unit. In a typical radar and communication system, a receiver is coupled to a transmitter to form a transceiver. At this time, one path of transmitting channel in the transmitter can be used as a radio frequency reference signal transmitting channel, which further reduces the complexity increment caused by adopting the invention.
The invention is widely applied to multi-channel receivers of radar and communication systems, and can obviously improve the inter-channel relativity and finally improve the system performance. The method can also be applied to other multi-channel systems for improving channel consistency. Such as sensor arrays, multichannel stereo systems, multichannel CT machines, etc., can calibrate and compensate for group delay, nonlinearity, amplitude and phase differences of channels.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, which are merely illustrative, instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may make many forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A receiver multi-channel consistency calibration method based on an intermediate frequency processing unit, comprising:
Setting reference signals into two types of signal interleaving, respectively carrying out nonlinear mismatch detection calibration, group delay mismatch detection calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection calibration on the reference signals, and transmitting nonlinear mismatch detection and calibration, group delay mismatch detection and calibration and amplitude frequency/phase frequency response mismatch detection and calibration results to a calibration network to finish calibration;
The two types of signals in the reference signal are respectively LFM signals and nonlinear detection signals, and the nonlinear detection signals are composed of a group of single-tone signals or double-tone sinusoidal signals with frequency point changes;
the group delay mismatch detection specifically comprises the steps of detecting group delay parameters of all channels by carrying out sliding correlation on received signals of all channels and comparing time positions of correlation results, selecting a channel with the largest group delay value as a reference channel, and carrying out group delay calibration on other channels by taking the reference channel as a reference;
The detection and calibration of the amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response mismatch are specifically carried out by firstly detecting a system function related to an ontology, then calculating a frequency domain system function of a channel to be calibrated and a reference channel through the system function related to the ontology, then calculating a frequency domain system function of a filter in a calibration network according to a calculation result, changing the frequency domain system function of the filter into each tap coefficient through IFFT conversion, and putting the tap coefficients into the filter to realize the calibration of the amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response.
2. The method for calibrating multi-channel consistency of a receiver based on an intermediate frequency processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the LFM signal is:
Wherein, t is time, Is a random initial phase, is a complex vector of the random initial phase, a is a linear modulation frequency control factor, T is a modulation symbol period, M is 1/2 of the symbol period number, and p (T) is a power mask function.
3. The method for calibrating multi-channel consistency of a receiver based on an intermediate frequency processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the single tone signal formula is:
wherein, 、AndThe amplitude, frequency and initial phase of the kth tone signal, respectively.
4. The method for calibrating multi-channel consistency of a receiver based on an intermediate frequency processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the binaural sinusoidal signal is:
wherein, Is the amplitude of the first two-tone signal,AndThe frequency 1 and the frequency 2 of the first two-tone signal respectively,AndThe initial phase 1 and the initial phase 2 of the first two-tone signal, respectively.
5. The method for calibrating the multi-channel consistency of the receiver based on the intermediate frequency processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the detection target in the detection calibration of the nonlinear mismatch is a nonlinear model, and the nonlinear model is represented as follows:
where x is the input signal, y is the nonlinear signal, As a component of order k caused by non-linearity,K= 0.1.2.3 … is the coefficients of each order.
6. The method for calibrating multi-channel consistency of receiver based on intermediate frequency processing unit as recited in claim 5, wherein the purpose of the nonlinear detection is to calculate each order coefficient in the nonlinear model, and the signal is calculated according to the following formula after each order coefficient is calculatedCalibrated as；
。
7. The method for calibrating the multi-channel consistency of the receiver based on the intermediate frequency processing unit according to claim 1, wherein the specific formula of the detection and calibration of the amplitude-frequency/phase-frequency response mismatch is as follows:
Is the amplitude-frequency mismatch characteristic of the kth channel, For the phase-frequency mismatch characteristic of the kth channel,For the signal spectrum after passing through the reference channel,Is the signal spectrum of the reference signal after passing through the kth mismatch channel.
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| CN110429996A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-08 | 熊军 | A kind of joint multiple antennas calibrating installation for group delay and non-linear distortion |
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| CN115941078A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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