CN116055274B - Frame synchronization method, medium and device suitable for millimeter wave data chain - Google Patents
Frame synchronization method, medium and device suitable for millimeter wave data chain Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
- H04L27/2659—Coarse or integer frequency offset determination and synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
- H04L27/266—Fine or fractional frequency offset determination and synchronisation
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Abstract
The invention provides a frame synchronization method, medium and device suitable for millimeter wave data chains, which adopts pseudo random sequence (PN) codes as short pilot symbols, estimates coarse frequency offset by utilizing the characteristics of the PN codes after coarse frame synchronization, and can effectively enlarge the frequency offset resistance range by a method of compensating the coarse frequency offset first and then performing fine frame synchronization. Meanwhile, in the fine frame synchronization stage, a segmentation matching method is adopted, so that the calculated amount of an algorithm is reduced, and the calculated amount is reduced from O (N 2) to O (N).
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a frame synchronization method, medium, and apparatus suitable for millimeter wave data chains.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the dominant waveform technology currently includes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE). OFDM belongs to a multi-carrier technology, and by adopting multiple orthogonal sub-carriers to transmit high-speed information bits, the OFDM has higher requirements on carrier synchronization, and because the carrier offset can destroy the orthogonality among the sub-carriers, the inter-carrier interference is generated, and the performance of the system is reduced. Meanwhile, since the OFDM signal is formed by overlapping a plurality of independent subcarrier signals, the OFDM signal may generate a relatively large PAPR. The SC-FDE belongs to a single carrier technology, has similar performance to OFDM, and has the characteristics of low PAPR and insensitivity to carrier synchronization and phase noise.
And when a large frequency offset exists in the millimeter wave data chain application system, selecting SC-FDE as a waveform scheme. The millimeter wave data link uses burst packet mode to transmit information, and takes a frame as a transmission unit, so that synchronization of a frame start position is very important for a receiving end.
In some frame synchronization schemes, short Pilot (SP) sliding window autocorrelation is used for coarse frame synchronization, and then Long Pilot (LP) conjugate matching is used for fine frame synchronization. The frame synchronization method can effectively find the frame starting position under the condition of no large frequency offset, but when the large frequency offset exists, the peak value matching position of the fine frame synchronization can be influenced, so that the method is invalid. Meanwhile, long pilot frequency is directly subjected to conjugate matching, so that the problem of large calculation amount exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a frame synchronization method, medium and device suitable for millimeter wave data chains, which are used for solving the problems of small frequency offset resistance range, large FPGA resource consumption and the like of the existing frame synchronization algorithm.
The invention provides a frame synchronization method suitable for millimeter wave data chains, which comprises the following steps:
S1, parameter setting, including a data sliding window length L 1, a specific sliding window length L 2 and a threshold value Th val;
s2, calculating a ratio M n of cross correlation and autocorrelation of data in a window according to the length L 1 of the data sliding window;
s3, carrying out sliding window summation on the comparison value M n according to the ratio of the sliding window length L 2 to obtain M cum;
S4, according to a threshold value Th val and a threshold value Th val, firstly finding a section larger than the threshold value in M cum, and then finding a maximum position P max in the section larger than the threshold value;
S5, selecting a section of data D SP containing short pilot frequency according to P max and the short pilot frequency length L SP;
S6, processing the data D SP, and calculating frequency offset f coarse;
S7, selecting a section of data D LP containing long pilot frequency according to P max and the length L LP of the long pilot frequency;
S8, segment matching is carried out on the data D LP by utilizing the frequency offset f coarse, so as to obtain Con seg;
and S9, finding out a peak value of Con seg, wherein the peak value position is the frame synchronization starting position.
Further, step S2 includes:
S21, according to the length L 1 of the data sliding window, calculating a cross-correlation accumulated value C n and an autocorrelation accumulated value P n of the data in the window, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
S22, calculating a ratio M n of the cross-correlation accumulated value C n and the autocorrelation accumulated value P n, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Where r is the received data, n=0, 1, …, L 1-1,k＝0,1,…,L1 -1.
Further, in step S4, a piece of data D SP including the short pilot, i.e. the data located at [ P max,Pmax+LSP ], is selected.
Further, in step S6, the method for processing the data D SP includes:
squaring data D SP;
FFT processing is carried out on the square result;
processing the resulting peak from the FFT;
and calculating the frequency offset f coarse according to the found peak value.
Further, in step S7, a segment of data D LP containing long pilots, i.e., the data located at [ P max+LSP/2,Pmax+LLP+LSP/2 ], is selected.
Further, in step S8, the method for segment matching the data D LP by using the frequency offset f coarse includes:
Coarse frequency offset compensation is carried out on the data D LP by utilizing the frequency offset f coarse;
after the compensation is finished, dividing L LP symbols into SB SubBlock correlation windows, wherein the length of each correlation window with equal length is marked as L SB,ci' [ k ] which is the result of the correlation calculation of the ith section of receiving sequence and the ith correlation window; con seg [ k ] is expressed as:
Where r i (k) is the received sequence and b i (k) is the locally segmented LP sequence.
The invention also provides a computer terminal storage medium, which stores computer terminal executable instructions for executing the frame synchronization method applicable to the millimeter wave data link.
The present invention also provides a computing device comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the frame synchronization method described above for millimeter wave data chains.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention adopts pseudo random sequence (PN) code as short pilot frequency symbol, and utilizes the characteristic of PN code to estimate coarse frequency offset after coarse frame synchronization, and can effectively enlarge the frequency offset resistant range by a method of compensating coarse frequency offset first and then carrying out fine frame synchronization. Meanwhile, in the fine frame synchronization stage, a segmentation matching method is adopted, so that the calculated amount of an algorithm is reduced, and the calculated amount is reduced from O (N 2) to O (N).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly describe the drawings in the embodiments, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a frame synchronization method suitable for a millimeter wave data link in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pilot structure in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of M n calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of M n sliding window accumulation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of M n in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing simulation results of M cum in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a simulation result of frame synchronization in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
The SC-FDE adopts a pilot structure form of combining short pilot and long pilot, the specific pilot structure is shown in fig. 1, and this embodiment proposes a frame synchronization method applicable to millimeter wave data chains, which mainly includes three processes of coarse frame synchronization, coarse frequency offset estimation and fine frame synchronization, as shown in fig. 2, where the short pilot is used for coarse frame synchronization and coarse frequency offset estimation, and the long pilot is used for fine frame synchronization. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, parameter setting, including a data sliding window length L 1, a specific sliding window length L 2 and a threshold value Th val;
S2, calculating a ratio M n of cross correlation and auto correlation of data in a window according to the length L 1 of the data sliding window, as shown in FIG. 3:
S21, according to the length L 1 of the data sliding window, calculating a cross-correlation accumulated value C n and an autocorrelation accumulated value P n of the data in the window, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
S22, calculating a ratio M n of the cross-correlation accumulated value C n and the autocorrelation accumulated value P n, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Where r is the received data, n=0, 1, …, L 1-1,k＝0,1,…,L1 -1.
S3, according to the ratio sliding window length L 2, the sliding window summation is carried out on the comparison value M n, and M cum is obtained, as shown in FIG. 4;
and S4, according to the threshold value Th val, firstly finding a section larger than the threshold value in M cum, and then finding the maximum position P max;Pmax in the section larger than the threshold value to obtain the coarse frame synchronization position.
S5, selecting a section of data D SP containing short pilot frequency according to P max and the short pilot frequency length L SP, namely data at the position [ P max,Pmax+LSP ];
S6, processing the data D SP, and calculating frequency offset f coarse; specifically:
let the reception sequence r (n) be:
r(n)＝cnexp(j(2πfdnT+θ0))+ω(n),n＝0,1…,L-1
Wherein c n is modulation information, f d is carrier frequency offset of a baseband signal, θ 0 is phase of the baseband signal, T is symbol period, ω (n) is complex gaussian noise, and L is number of observed symbols;
Squaring the received sequence r (n) can result in:
wherein ω' (n) =2c nexp(j(2πfdnT+θ0))ω(n)+ω2 (n).
Since the short pilot uses a PN sequence, a sequence of + -1, it can be considered as BPSK modulation. So thatThus x (n), which is a single carrier signal with noise ω' (n) where the carrier frequency is 2f d, has been removed from the effect of the modulation information on the received signal.
Thus, the frequency offset f coarse may be calculated by squaring the data D SP and then performing FFT processing to find the peak.
S7, selecting a section of data D LP containing long pilot frequency according to P max and the length L LP of the long pilot frequency, namely data at the position [ P max+LSP/2,Pmax+LLP+LSP/2 ];
S8, segment matching is carried out on the data D LP by utilizing the frequency offset f coarse, so as to obtain Con seg; specifically:
Coarse frequency offset compensation is carried out on the data D LP by utilizing the frequency offset f coarse; after the compensation is finished, dividing L LP symbols into SB SubBlock correlation windows, wherein the length of each correlation window with equal length is marked as L SB,ci' [ k ] which is the result of the correlation calculation of the ith section of receiving sequence and the ith correlation window; con seg [ k ] is expressed as:
Where r i (k) is the received sequence and b i (k) is the locally segmented LP sequence.
And S9, finding out a peak value of Con seg, wherein the peak value position is the frame synchronization starting position.
The effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to simulation experiments. The simulation parameter settings are shown in table 1.
Table 1, simulation parameters:
The short pilot length is 16, repeated 80 times, and the long pilot length is 512, repeated 2 times. The bandwidth is 7.5M, the frequency offset is 180KHz, when EsN0 is-3 dB, the simulation result of M n is shown in figure 5, the simulation result of M cum is shown in figure 6, and the simulation result of the frame synchronization of EsN0 in the interval of [ -4dB, -3dB ] is shown in figure 7. It can be seen that the frame synchronization probability after compensating the frequency offset is obviously higher than that of the uncompensated frequency offset, and the calculated amount is reduced from 1048576 multiplications to 16384 multiplications.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, a computer terminal storage medium is provided, storing computer terminal executable instructions for performing the frame synchronization method applicable to millimeter wave data chains as described in the previous embodiments. Examples of the computer storage medium include magnetic storage media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, etc.), optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROMs, DVDs, etc.), or memories such as memory cards, ROMs, or RAMs, etc. The computer storage media may also be distributed over network-connected computer systems, such as stores for application programs.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, a computing device is presented comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the frame synchronization method for millimeter wave data chains as described in the previous embodiments. Examples of computing devices include PCs, tablets, smartphones, PDAs, etc.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A frame synchronization method suitable for millimeter wave data chains, comprising the steps of:
S1, parameter setting, including a data sliding window length L 1, a specific sliding window length L 2 and a threshold value Th val;
s2, calculating a ratio M n of cross correlation and autocorrelation of data in a window according to the length L 1 of the data sliding window;
s3, carrying out sliding window summation on the comparison value M n according to the ratio of the sliding window length L 2 to obtain M cum;
s4, according to a threshold Th val, firstly finding a section larger than the threshold in M cum, and then finding a maximum position P max in the section larger than the threshold;
S5, selecting a section of data D SP containing short pilot frequency according to P max and the short pilot frequency length L SP;
S6, processing the data D SP, and calculating frequency offset f coarse;
S7, selecting a section of data D LP containing long pilot frequency according to P max and the length L LP of the long pilot frequency;
S8, segment matching is carried out on the data D LP by utilizing the frequency offset f coarse, so as to obtain Con seg;
S9, finding out a peak value of Con seg, wherein the peak value position is the initial position of frame synchronization;
the step S2 comprises the following steps:
S21, according to the length L 1 of the data sliding window, calculating a cross-correlation accumulated value C n and an autocorrelation accumulated value P n of the data in the window, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
S22, calculating a ratio M n of the cross-correlation accumulated value C n and the autocorrelation accumulated value P n, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
where r is the received data, n=0, 1, …, L 1-1,k＝0,1,…,L1 -1;
the method for segment matching of the data D LP by using the frequency offset f coarse comprises the following steps:
Coarse frequency offset compensation is carried out on the data D LP by utilizing the frequency offset f coarse;
after the compensation is finished, dividing L LP symbols into SB SubBlock correlation windows, wherein the length of each correlation window with equal length is marked as L SB,ci' [ k ] which is the result of the correlation calculation of the ith section of receiving sequence and the ith correlation window; con seg [ k ] is expressed as:
where ri (k) is the received sequence and b i (k) is the locally segmented LP sequence.
2. The frame synchronization method for millimeter wave data chains according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, a piece of data D SP including a short pilot, i.e., data located at [ P max,Pmax+LSP ], is selected.
3. The frame synchronization method for a millimeter wave data chain according to claim 2, wherein in step S6, the method of processing the data D SP comprises:
squaring data D SP;
FFT processing is carried out on the square result;
finding a peak value from the FFT processing result;
and calculating the frequency offset f coarse according to the found peak value.
4. A frame synchronization method for a millimeter wave data link according to claim 3, characterized in that in step S7, a piece of data D LP containing a long pilot, i.e. the data located at [ P max+LSP/2,Pmax+LLP+LSP/2 ], is selected.
5. A computer terminal storage medium storing computer terminal executable instructions for performing the frame synchronization method for a millimeter wave data link according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A computing device, comprising:
At least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the frame synchronization method for a millimeter wave data link as claimed in any one of claims 1-4.
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| CN106549893A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-29 | 中国航空工业第六八研究所 | A kind of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data link frequency deviation detection method |
| CN112217625A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-01-12 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | SC-FDE timing coarse synchronization implementation method and device based on FPGA |
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| KR100448633B1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-09-13 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Residual freqency offset tracking scheme for single carrier - freuqency domian equalizer system and method thereof |
| CN112637101B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-05-31 | 上海微波技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第五十研究所） | SC-FDE system synchronization method and system under high multipath time delay |
| CN113315595B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-04-29 | 中山大学 | Downlink initial synchronization tracking method of narrow-band Internet of things system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106549893A (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-29 | 中国航空工业第六八研究所 | A kind of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data link frequency deviation detection method |
| CN112217625A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-01-12 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | SC-FDE timing coarse synchronization implementation method and device based on FPGA |
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