CN116147826B - Annular space pressure parameter measuring device, drill collar and measuring method - Google Patents
Annular space pressure parameter measuring device, drill collar and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种环空压力参数测量装置、钻铤及测量方法，包括波导本体，在波导本体的内部设有谐振腔；微波发射器和微波接收器相对固定安装在谐振腔内的两端；根据波导本体的形变调整微波发射器发射频率的调频器；控制器，根据所获得的谐振频率计算出环空压力参数；调频器与微波发射器通讯连接，微波发射器、微波接收器和调频器分别与控制器通讯连接。本发明还提供一种钻铤及环空压力参数测量方法。本发明具有测量准确、构造简单、稳定性好及适用性强等优点，突破了传统环空压力传感器的局限性；此外，由于采用微波信号作为测量参数，测量精确度非常高，且具有抗电磁干扰性，适用于井下高温高压和强振动恶劣使用环境，维护成本低。
The present invention relates to an annular pressure parameter measuring device, a drill collar and a measuring method, comprising a waveguide body, a resonant cavity is provided inside the waveguide body; a microwave transmitter and a microwave receiver are relatively fixedly installed at two ends in the resonant cavity; a frequency modulator that adjusts the transmission frequency of the microwave transmitter according to the deformation of the waveguide body; a controller that calculates the annular pressure parameter according to the obtained resonant frequency; the frequency modulator is communicatively connected to the microwave transmitter, and the microwave transmitter, the microwave receiver and the frequency modulator are communicatively connected to the controller respectively. The present invention also provides a drill collar and annular pressure parameter measuring method. The present invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, simple structure, good stability and strong applicability, and breaks through the limitations of traditional annular pressure sensors; in addition, since microwave signals are used as measurement parameters, the measurement accuracy is very high, and it has anti-electromagnetic interference, is suitable for underground high temperature and high pressure and strong vibration harsh use environment, and has low maintenance cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling annulus pressure measurement, in particular to an annulus pressure parameter measurement device, a drill collar and a measurement method.
Background
In the drilling of deep, complex deep vertical, directional wells, including horizontal and large displacement wells, the key to drilling success is to keep the drilling fluid density and equivalent circulating density within safe operating limits of formation fluid pressure, collapse pressure and fracture pressure. Most well shutdowns are caused by wellbore problems including lost circulation, formation fluid invasion, differential sticking, and wellbore cleanout. These downhole problems often result in wasted time and costly monetary handling incidents. The device for measuring the annulus pressure under the well drilling can measure and record the hydrostatic pressure and the mud dynamic circulating pressure in the well drilling in real time, is favorable for optimizing the optimal bottom hole pressure in a safety window of narrow fracture pressure and pore pressure, can monitor the well cleaning, exciting pressure and pumping pressure so as to ensure the stability of the well wall and the effective monitoring of the pressure loss of a lower drilling tool assembly, and can find the underground abnormal state such as overflow or mud leakage in early stage.
The known annular pressure sensor of the prior pressure measurement while drilling device needs to be provided with a sensor installation cabin, the installation cabin enables the liquid pressure sensor to be communicated with the annular space to measure the annular pressure, the sealing structure of the drill collar body is damaged by the structure, and the risk that the sealing performance of the instrument is damaged by the underground ultra-high mud pressure is increased.
The existing annular pressure measuring method mostly adopts metal grid wire strain measurement, semiconductor strain measurement and quartz crystal resonance strain measurement modes, and has the defects of high cost, complex installation, weak electromagnetic interference resistance, low accuracy, higher requirement on working temperature and the like. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a downhole annular pressure measurement device that is suitable for downhole high temperature and high pressure and strong vibration harsh use environments and that is low in maintenance costs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem in the prior art by providing an annular pressure parameter measuring device, a drill collar and a measuring method.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
The annular pressure parameter measuring device comprises a waveguide body which deforms according to annular pressure, wherein a resonant cavity is arranged in the waveguide body;
A frequency modulator for adjusting the transmitting frequency of the microwave transmitter according to the deformation of the waveguide body;
The controller calculates annulus pressure parameters according to the obtained resonant frequency;
The frequency modulator is in communication connection with the microwave transmitter, and the microwave transmitter, the microwave receiver and the frequency modulator are respectively in communication connection with the controller.
The method has the advantages that in the measuring process, firstly, the waveguide body deforms according to annular pressure, the frequency modulator adjusts the transmitting frequency of the microwave transmitter according to the deformation of the waveguide body, the microwave receiver sends received electromagnetic wave signals to the controller, the controller receives the corresponding electromagnetic wave signals and obtains signal frequency points with highest amplitude, namely frequency points consistent with the resonant frequency of the waveguide body, and then, the controller calculates corresponding annular pressure parameters according to the obtained resonant frequency, so that the method is convenient to measure and high in accuracy. In addition, the microwave signal is adopted as a measurement parameter, so that the measuring precision is very high, the electromagnetic interference resistance is realized, the device is suitable for underground high-temperature high-pressure and strong-vibration severe use environments, the maintenance cost is low, and great engineering significance and application potential are realized.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the frequency modulator comprises a resonance point detection circuit for adjusting the emission frequency of the microwave emitter according to the deformation of the waveguide body, and the resonance point detection circuit is respectively in communication connection with the microwave emitter and the controller.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is that in the measurement process, when the waveguide body warp under annular space pressure's effect and lead to the microwave receiver unable to detect electromagnetic wave signal, the microwave receiver sends corresponding signal to the controller, the controller controls resonance point detection circuit work in order to change the transmitting frequency of microwave transmitter transmission electromagnetic wave, to microwave receiver can receive electromagnetic wave signal, thereby obtain corresponding resonant frequency, and then calculate the annular space pressure value that this resonant frequency corresponds, and it is convenient to measure, and sensitivity is high.
The resonance point detection circuit comprises a digital frequency synthesizer DDS, a power amplifier, a microwave signal preamplifier, a microwave signal mixer and a low-pass filter, wherein the digital frequency synthesizer DDS is used for generating a sweep frequency signal, the power amplifier is used for converting the sweep frequency signal into a microwave power signal, the microwave signal preamplifier, the microwave signal mixer and the low-pass filter are used for carrying out frequency reduction processing on the resonance frequency, and the AD acquisition circuit is used for carrying out analog-digital conversion on the sweep frequency signal;
The microwave receiver, the microwave signal pre-amplifier, the microwave signal mixer, the low-pass filter, the AD acquisition circuit, the controller, the digital frequency synthesizer DDS, the power amplifier and the microwave transmitter are sequentially connected through a circuit.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is that in the measurement process, the controller passes through digital frequency synthesizer DDS and produces the sweep frequency signal, and this sweep frequency signal passes through power amplifier conversion and becomes microwave power signal and load to microwave emitter on, and certain signal frequency in this sweep frequency microwave signal will be consistent with waveguide body self resonant frequency point to can measure waveguide body's resonant frequency. The resonance frequency is amplified by accessing a microwave signal pre-amplifier through a microwave receiver, and is subjected to frequency reduction processing by a microwave signal mixer and a low-pass filter, so that a sweep frequency signal meeting the sampling rate of an AD acquisition circuit is generated for analog-digital conversion, and a controller is used for finding a signal frequency point with the highest amplitude from the microwave sweep frequency signal, namely a frequency point consistent with the resonance frequency of a waveguide body, and the resonance frequency has a corresponding formula relation with the annular pressure loaded on the waveguide body, so that the resonance frequency is converted into the annular pressure parameter loaded on the waveguide body.
Further, the waveguide body is of a cylindrical structure, and the resonant cavity extends along an axial direction of the waveguide body.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is simple structure, and the shape is regular, easy to assemble, saves space.
Further, the waveguide body is provided with an induction part in a surrounding mode, and the thickness of the induction part is smaller than that of the waveguide body.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is when measuring, because the thickness of sensing part is less than waveguide body's thickness, consequently waveguide body takes place to warp fast at the upper sensing part of annular pressure effect on it, improves measuring sensitivity, and measuring speed is faster to follow-up operation's going on.
Further, the sensing parts are in a corrugated structure and are circumferentially distributed along the outer wall of the waveguide body.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is simple structure, reasonable in design, and the thickness of response portion is less than the thickness at other positions of waveguide body, conveniently senses the annular pressure in the pit and takes place little deformation to follow-up operation's going on.
The invention also relates to a drill collar, which comprises the annular pressure parameter measuring device and further comprises a drill collar body, wherein a channel for slurry to pass through is arranged in the drill collar body, openings communicated with the channel are respectively arranged at two ends of the drill collar body, and the waveguide body is fixedly arranged on the drill collar body.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is that in the measurement process, waveguide body fixed mounting is on the drill collar body, and the both ends of drill collar body are connected with drilling rod and drilling tool combination respectively to carry out well drilling operation, the operation is convenient.
Further, the drill collar body is of a cylindrical structure.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is simple structure, and the shape is regular, easy to assemble, saves space.
Further, one end of the drill collar body is provided with a conical bulge, the other end of the drill collar body is provided with a conical inner cavity, and the conical inner cavity is respectively communicated with two ends of the channel.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is simple structure, reasonable in design, and thick liquid passes through when convenient drilling, and conveniently connects drilling rod and drilling tool combination, easy dismounting.
The invention also relates to a method for measuring the annulus pressure parameter while drilling, which specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, generating deformation of a waveguide body according to annular pressure, adjusting the transmitting frequency of a microwave transmitter by a frequency modulator according to the deformation of the waveguide body, transmitting a received electromagnetic wave signal to a controller by a microwave receiver, and receiving the corresponding electromagnetic wave signal by the controller and obtaining a signal frequency point with the highest amplitude, namely a frequency point consistent with the resonant frequency of the waveguide body;
S2, the controller calculates annulus pressure parameters corresponding to the resonant frequency according to the resonant frequency obtained in the step S1, and the calculation formula is as follows:
y0＝a0f0 0+a1f0+a2f0 2+........+aNf0 N,
Wherein y 0 is a loading value of annular pressure when first calibration is performed, f 0 is a resonant frequency when the waveguide body corresponds to an annular pressure parameter y 0, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
y1＝a0+a1f1+a2f1 2+........+aNf1 N,
Wherein y 1 is the loading value of the annular pressure in the second calibration, f 1 is the resonant frequency of the waveguide body corresponding to the annular pressure parameter y 1, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
y2＝a0+a1f2+a2f2 2+........+aNf2 N,
Wherein y 2 is the loading value of the annular pressure in the third calibration, f 2 is the resonant frequency of the waveguide body corresponding to the annular pressure parameter y 2, and 0-N is a natural number;
......
yN＝a0+a1fN+a2fN 2+........+aNfN N,
wherein y N is the loading value of the annular pressure in the n+1st calibration, f N is the resonant frequency of the waveguide body corresponding to the annular pressure parameter y N, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
The controller obtains a coefficient a 0-aN contained in the equation according to the n+1 equations, and substitutes the calculated coefficient a 0-aN into the n+1 equation to obtain the following annular pressure parameter calculation equation:
wherein y is a real-time annular pressure parameter loaded on the waveguide body in the pit, f is a resonant frequency of the waveguide body corresponding to the annular pressure parameter corresponding to y in the underground measurement, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
and S3, when the underground working is performed, the controller substitutes the measured resonant frequency f i into the formula of the step S2, so that the underground real-time annular pressure parameter is obtained.
The method has the advantages that firstly, according to the loaded value y of the loaded different annular pressures and the different resonance frequency values f, the coefficient a 0-aN in the calibration formula can be obtained, and then the final calculation formula of the annular pressure values is obtained, then, after the microwave emitter emits electromagnetic waves and resonates of the waveguide body, the microwave receiver receives corresponding electromagnetic waves and sends corresponding signals to the controller, the controller obtains the resonance frequency received by the microwave receiver at the moment and calculates the annular pressure parameter corresponding to the resonance frequency, finally, when in underground measurement, the annular pressure in the underground is changed along with the continuous change of the measuring depth, the pressure of the sensing part of each underground depth acting on the waveguide body is different, namely, the annular pressure of the sensing part of the underground depth gradually increases along with the deepening of the drilling depth, the electromagnetic wave microwave receiver emitted by the microwave emitter cannot receive the annular pressure, at the moment, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the microwave emitter needs to be adjusted through the frequency modulator until the microwave receiver can receive the corresponding resonance frequency under the annular pressure, the corresponding resonance frequency value can be obtained, and the annular pressure parameter corresponding to the resonance frequency is substituted into the corresponding resonance frequency formula, and the annular pressure parameter corresponding to the annular pressure value is obtained, and finally, the method is more convenient to measure the annular pressure value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a waveguide body according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second overall schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the annulus pressure parameter measurement of the present invention.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
1. The device comprises a waveguide body, a microwave emitter, a microwave receiver, an induction part, a resonance point detection circuit, a drill collar body, a channel and a mounting cavity, wherein the waveguide body, the microwave emitter, the microwave receiver, the induction part, the resonance point detection circuit, the drill collar body, the channel and the mounting cavity are arranged in sequence.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the examples being provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides an annulus pressure parameter measurement apparatus, including:
the microwave device comprises a waveguide body 1 which deforms according to annular pressure, a microwave emitter 2 and a microwave receiver 3 which are relatively and fixedly arranged at two ends in the resonant cavity, wherein the resonant cavity is arranged in the waveguide body 1;
a frequency modulator for adjusting the transmission frequency of the microwave transmitter 2 according to the deformation of the waveguide body 1;
The controller calculates annulus pressure parameters according to the obtained resonant frequency;
The frequency modulator is in communication connection with the microwave emitter 2, and the microwave emitter 2, the microwave receiver 3 and the frequency modulator are respectively in communication connection with the controller.
In the measurement process, firstly, the waveguide body 1 deforms according to annular pressure, the frequency modulator adjusts the transmitting frequency of the microwave transmitter 2 according to the deformation of the waveguide body 1, the microwave receiver 3 sends the received electromagnetic wave signal to the controller, the controller receives the corresponding electromagnetic wave signal and obtains a signal frequency point with the highest amplitude, namely a frequency point consistent with the resonant frequency of the waveguide body 1, and then the controller calculates the corresponding annular pressure parameter according to the obtained resonant frequency, so that the measurement is convenient and the accuracy is high.
In addition, the microwave signal is adopted as a measurement parameter, so that the measuring accuracy is very high, the electromagnetic interference resistance is realized, the device is suitable for underground high-temperature high-pressure and strong-vibration severe use environments, the maintenance cost is low, and great engineering significance and application potential are realized.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the microwave emitter 2 is preferably a microwave emitting antenna, and the microwave emitting antenna is used for emitting electromagnetic waves.
The microwave receiver 3 is preferably a microwave receiving antenna for receiving electromagnetic waves emitted from the microwave emitter 2.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, preferably, in this embodiment, the frequency modulator includes a resonance point detection circuit 5 for adjusting the transmission frequency of the microwave emitter 2 according to the deformation of the waveguide body 1, and the resonance point detection circuit 5 is communicatively connected to the microwave emitter 2 and the controller, respectively. In the measuring process, when the waveguide body 1 deforms under the action of annular pressure to cause that the microwave receiver 3 cannot detect electromagnetic wave signals, the microwave receiver 3 sends corresponding signals to the controller, the controller controls the resonance point detection circuit 5 to work so as to change the emission frequency of electromagnetic waves emitted by the microwave emitter 2, and the electromagnetic wave signals can be received by the microwave receiver 3, so that the corresponding resonance frequency is obtained, and then the annular pressure value corresponding to the resonance frequency is calculated.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the resonance point detection circuit 5 includes a digital frequency synthesizer DDS for generating a sweep frequency signal, a power amplifier for converting the sweep frequency signal into a microwave power signal, a microwave signal preamplifier, a microwave signal mixer and a low-pass filter for performing down-conversion processing on the resonance frequency, an AD acquisition circuit for performing analog-to-digital conversion on the sweep frequency signal, and a microwave receiver 3, a microwave signal preamplifier, a microwave signal mixer, a low-pass filter, an AD acquisition circuit, a controller, a digital frequency synthesizer DDS, a power amplifier, and a microwave transmitter 2 are sequentially connected through lines. In the measuring process, the controller generates a sweep frequency signal through the digital frequency synthesizer DDS, the sweep frequency signal is converted into a microwave power signal through the power amplifier and is loaded on the microwave emitter 2, and certain signal frequency in the sweep frequency microwave signal is consistent with the resonance frequency point of the waveguide body 1, so that the resonance frequency of the waveguide body 1 can be measured. The resonance frequency is amplified by connecting a microwave receiver 3 to a microwave signal preamplifier, and is subjected to frequency reduction processing by a microwave signal mixer and a low-pass filter, so that a sweep frequency signal meeting the sampling rate of an AD acquisition circuit is generated for analog-digital conversion, and a frequency point with the highest amplitude is found from the microwave sweep frequency signal by a controller, namely, the frequency point is consistent with the resonance frequency of the waveguide body 1, and the resonance frequency has a corresponding formula relation with the annular pressure loaded on the waveguide body 1, so that the resonance frequency is converted into the annular pressure parameter loaded on the waveguide body 1.
Moreover, the resonance point detection circuit 5 in this embodiment can withstand the downhole high temperature, and ensure the normal operation thereof, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the downhole measurement operation.
Example 4
On the basis of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the waveguide body 1 has a cylindrical structure, and the resonant cavity extends axially along the inner cavity of the hollow waveguide body 1. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, regular shape, convenient installation and space saving.
In addition to the embodiments described above, the waveguide body 1 may also take other suitable geometric shapes, such as a structure with a rectangular cross section. In comparison, such a structure occupies a large space.
Based on the above-mentioned scheme, the waveguide body 1 is a metal cylindrical cavity formed by nonmagnetic metal materials. From the point of view of the high-frequency microwave measurement principle, the waveguide body 1 can be regarded as an LC resonant system enclosing inductance and capacitance. When the microwave signal frequency rises to a certain extent, the LC resonant system is equivalent to decreasing the number of turns of the inductor L and enlarging the distance between the plates of the capacitor C until it is reduced to a straight wire. The plurality of wires are connected in parallel, and as the wires approach infinity, a closed cylindrical waveguide cavity is obtained, and the waveguide cavity is similar to an LC resonance system and has a specific microwave signal resonance point.
The resonance point can be obtained through a resonance point detection circuit 5 which is arranged in a tool drill collar and used for monitoring the frequency sweep of a high-frequency signal and the resonance point, the amplitude of the signal output by a frequency sweep signal source which generates a sine wave frequency sweep signal by the resonance point detection circuit 5 is equal, the frequency sweep range can be adjusted, and the linear frequency sweep can be realized. The high-frequency signals with different frequencies generated by the resonance point detection circuit 5 are loaded on the microwave emitter 2 arranged in the waveguide body 1 through the power amplifier, the microwave signals are received by the microwave receiver 3 after passing through the resonant cavity in the waveguide body 1, the resonance frequency is a fixed value under the condition that the structural volume size of the waveguide body 1 is fixed, and the frequency point can be measured by the resonance point detection circuit 5. When the annular pressure is loaded to the sensing part 4 of the waveguide body 1, the volume of the microwave resonant cavity of the waveguide body 1 is changed, namely, the annular pressure is loaded to the waveguide body 1 to cause weak change of the volume size, so that the resonance frequency is shifted and the resonance amplitude is changed, and the changed resonance point is measured by the resonance point detection circuit 5.
The dynamic tracking of the resonance point is mainly completed through hardware circuit and software control, and the method comprises the following steps of firstly, rough scanning is conducted between a starting frequency and a stopping frequency at a larger stepping frequency to determine a fine scanning frequency range, then fine scanning is conducted at a smaller stepping frequency to determine a primary resonance frequency point and a left frequency point and a right frequency point, and finally, the resonance point of the resonance cavity is calculated according to a fine scanning result.
Example 5
In this embodiment, the sensing portion 4 is disposed around the waveguide body 1, and the thickness of the sensing portion 4 is smaller than the thickness of the waveguide body 1. During measurement, the thickness of the sensing part 4 is smaller than that of the waveguide body 1, so that the sensing part 4 on the waveguide body 1 is rapidly deformed under the action of annular pressure, the sensitivity of measurement is improved, and the measurement speed is higher, so that the follow-up operation can be conveniently performed.
Example 6
In this embodiment, the sensing portions 4 are in a corrugated structure and are circumferentially distributed along the outer wall of the waveguide body 1 on the basis of embodiment 5. The scheme is simple in structure and reasonable in design, the thickness of the sensing part 4 is smaller than that of other parts on the waveguide body 1, the underground annular pressure is conveniently sensed to generate micro deformation, and accordingly the resonance frequency point of the waveguide body 1 is changed, and follow-up operation is facilitated.
The sensing part 4 is provided with a corrugated structure, so that the sensing part is more sensitive to external pressure and is easier to deform than other structures when the external pressure is loaded on the structure, and in addition, the corrugated structure can be quickly recovered after receiving the micro deformation of the external pressure so as to facilitate the subsequent testing of the next annular pressure parameter.
In the present embodiment, the position of the sensing portion 4 is not limited, and may be located at the end of the waveguide body 1 or may be located at any position between the two ends of the waveguide body 1.
In addition, the sensing part 4 forms a corrugated structure by the corresponding part of the waveguide body 1, so that the annular pressure is conveniently sensed, and the waveguide body 1 is deformed.
In addition to the above embodiment, the sensing portion 4 may be an annular sensing groove formed by recessing the corresponding position of the waveguide body 1, and since the thickness of the portion of the waveguide body 1 corresponding to the sensing groove is smaller than the thickness of the portion of the waveguide body 1 corresponding to the other portion, the sensing groove is extruded by the annular pressure under the action of the annular pressure and is slightly deformed first, so that the resonance frequency point of the waveguide body 1 is changed, so as to measure the annular pressure value corresponding to the resonance frequency point subsequently.
Example 7
As shown in fig. 5 to 8, the present embodiment further provides a drill collar, which includes the annular pressure parameter measuring device described in the above embodiments, and further includes a drill collar body 6, wherein a channel 7 through which slurry passes is provided in the drill collar body 6, openings communicating with the channel 7 are provided at two ends of the drill collar body 6, and the waveguide body 1 is fixedly mounted on the drill collar body 6. In the measuring process, the waveguide body 1 is fixedly arranged on the drill collar body 6, and two ends of the drill collar body 6 are respectively connected with the drill rod and the drilling tool assembly so as to perform drilling operation conveniently.
When the drill collar body 6 is arranged, the waveguide body 1 and the resonance point detection circuit 5 are fixedly arranged on the drill collar body 6, and good tightness is ensured so as to ensure that all components normally operate in the well.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the drill collar body 6 is provided with a mounting groove, the mounting groove is formed by recessing the surface of the waveguide body 1, and the waveguide body 1 is fixedly mounted in the mounting groove. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, small occupied space and space saving.
Preferably, in this embodiment, one end of the waveguide body 1 is provided with a through hole communicating with the internal resonant cavity thereof, the microwave emitter 2 is fixedly installed at the through hole, and the microwave emitter 2 communicates with one end of the circuit, and the other end of the circuit passes through the through hole and is connected with the resonant point detection circuit 5.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the drill collar body 6 is further provided with an installation cavity 8 with an opening at one side, the resonance point detection circuit 5 is fixedly installed in the installation cavity 8, and a threading hole through which a line connected with the microwave emitter 2 and the resonance point detection circuit 5 passes is formed in the side wall of the installation cavity 8.
In addition, the open side of installation cavity 8 fixed mounting has the shrouding, and resonance point detection circuit 5 seals the open side of installation cavity 8 through the shrouding after installing in installation cavity 8, realizes sealedly, avoids the thick liquid entering installation cavity 8 and influences the normal work of resonance point detection circuit 5 when well drilling.
And, the one end that waveguide body 1 is close to microwave emitter 2 is equipped with the through wires hole, conveniently lays the circuit of connecting between resonance point detection circuit 5 and microwave emitter 2.
Preferably, in the embodiment, the number of the mounting cavities 8 is preferably multiple, the plurality of mounting cavities 8 are uniformly distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the drill collar body 6, the plurality of mounting cavities 8 are respectively used for mounting all the components of the resonance point detection circuit 5, the mounting is convenient, the distribution is reasonable, and in addition, a sealing plate is fixedly mounted at the opening side of each mounting cavity 8.
Example 8
Based on embodiment 7, in this embodiment, the drill collar body 6 has a cylindrical structure. The scheme has the advantages of simple structure, regular shape, convenient installation and space saving.
Preferably, in this embodiment, each installation cavity 8 is preferably a strip-shaped cavity, and extends along the axial direction of the drill collar body 6, so that the installation cavity can be better matched with the resonance point detection circuit 5, and is convenient to install.
Example 9
Based on embodiment 8, in this embodiment, one end of the drill collar body 6 is provided with a conical protrusion, and the other end is provided with a conical inner cavity, and the conical inner cavities are respectively communicated with two ends of the channel 7. This scheme simple structure, reasonable in design, thick liquid passes through when convenient drilling, and conveniently connects drilling rod and drilling tool combination, easy dismounting.
Example 10
As shown in fig. 9, the embodiment further provides a method for measuring the annulus pressure parameter while drilling, which specifically includes the following steps:
The method comprises the steps that S1, a waveguide body 1 deforms according to annular pressure, a frequency modulator adjusts the transmitting frequency of a microwave transmitter 2 according to the deformation of the waveguide body 1, a microwave receiver 3 sends received electromagnetic wave signals to a controller, and the controller receives corresponding electromagnetic wave signals and obtains signal frequency points with highest amplitude, namely frequency points consistent with the resonant frequency of the waveguide body 1;
s2, the controller calculates annulus pressure parameters corresponding to the resonant frequency according to the resonant frequency obtained in the step S1, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
y0＝a0f0 0+a1f0+a2f0 2+........+aNf0 N,
Wherein y 0 is a loading value of annular pressure when first calibration is performed, f 0 is a resonant frequency when the waveguide body 1 corresponds to an annular pressure parameter y 0, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
y1＝a0+a1f1+a2f1 2+........+aNf1 N,
wherein y 1 is the loading value of the annular pressure in the second calibration, f 1 is the resonant frequency of the waveguide body 1 corresponding to the annular pressure parameter y 1, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
y2＝a0+a1f2+a2f2 2+........+aNf2 N,
Wherein y 2 is the loading value of the annular pressure in the third calibration, f 2 is the resonant frequency of the waveguide body 1 corresponding to the annular pressure parameter y 2, and 0-N is a natural number;
......
yN＝a0+a1fN+a2fN 2+........+aNfN N,
Wherein y N is the loading value of the annular pressure in the n+1st calibration, f N is the resonant frequency of the waveguide body 1 corresponding to the annular pressure parameter y N, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
The controller obtains a coefficient a 0-aN contained in the equation according to the n+1 equations, and substitutes the calculated coefficient a 0-aN into the n+1 equation to obtain the following annular pressure parameter calculation equation:
Wherein y is a real-time annular pressure parameter loaded on the waveguide body 1 in the pit, f is a resonant frequency of the waveguide body 1 corresponding to the annular pressure parameter when measured in the pit and corresponding to y, 0-N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
S3, substituting the measured resonant frequency f into the formula of the step S2 by the controller when the underground working is performed, and obtaining underground real-time annulus pressure parameters;
the principle of the measurement in this embodiment is that firstly, according to the loaded value y of the loaded different annular pressures and the different resonance frequency values f, the coefficient a 0-aN in the calibration formula can be obtained, and then the final calculation formula of the annular pressure values is obtained, then, after the microwave emitter 2 emits electromagnetic waves and resonates through the waveguide body 1, the microwave receiver 3 receives the corresponding electromagnetic waves and sends the corresponding signals to the controller, the controller obtains the resonance frequency received by the microwave receiver 3 at the moment, and calculates the annular pressure parameter corresponding to the resonance frequency, finally, when the downhole measurement is carried out, along with the continuous change of the measurement depth, the downhole annular pressure also changes along with the continuous change of the measurement depth, the pressure of the sensing part 4 of each downhole depth acts on the waveguide body 1 is different, namely, along with the deepening of the drilling depth, the annular pressure of the sensing part is gradually increased, then the electromagnetic waves emitted by the microwave emitter 2 cannot be received, at the moment, the frequency emitted by the microwave emitter 2 needs to be adjusted through the frequency modulator until the microwave receiver 3 can receive the corresponding resonance frequency under the annular pressure, the corresponding resonance frequency value can be received, and the corresponding resonance frequency value is substituted into the corresponding resonance frequency value, and the corresponding resonance frequency value can be obtained, the corresponding annular pressure parameter is obtained, and the high sensitivity is convenient, and the annular pressure parameter is measured.
It should be noted that, the above-mentioned annulus pressure parameter y is merely a symbol representing the annulus pressure parameter, and is not limited to a specific meaning, and other suitable symbols may be adopted.
The relation between the annular pressure parameter y and the resonance frequency f is calibrated by adopting a binomial regression formula, namely, two regression is performed in excel, and the calibration process only finds the relation between the annular pressure parameter y and the number of the resonance frequency f and has no relation with the units of the annular pressure parameter y and the resonance frequency f.
Based on the annulus pressure parameter y, the current underground depth can be detected, and a corresponding relation can be established through historical detection data. As the equipment goes deep in the well, the pressure parameters and the depths of different formations can be known, so that countermeasures are taken in advance for risks of different depths.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the drill collar is applied, the two ends of the drill collar body 6 are respectively connected with a drill rod and a drilling tool assembly, and the drill collar body 6 is stretched into the underground through the drill rod and performs corresponding drilling operation;
In the drilling process, the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
S1, according to the loaded values y of the loaded different annular pressures and the different resonance frequency values f, a coefficient a 0-aN in a calibration formula can be obtained, and a final calculation formula of the annular pressure values is obtained;
S2, transmitting electromagnetic waves through the microwave transmitter 2, receiving the corresponding electromagnetic waves by the microwave receiver 3 after resonance of the waveguide body 1, and sending corresponding signals to a controller (digital signal processing controller DSPIC33FJ128MC710A of MICROCHIP company), wherein the controller obtains the resonance frequency received by the microwave receiver 3 at the moment, and calculates annulus pressure parameters corresponding to the resonance frequency;
And S3, when underground measurement is carried out, along with the continuous change of the measurement depth, the underground annular pressure also changes along with the continuous change of the measurement depth, the pressure of the sensing part 4 of the waveguide body 1 acted by each underground depth is different, namely, the annular pressure gradually increases along with the deepening of the drilling depth, so that the electromagnetic wave microwave receiver 3 emitted by the microwave emitter 2 cannot receive the electromagnetic wave, at the moment, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the microwave emitter 2 needs to be regulated by the frequency regulator until the microwave receiver 3 can receive the resonant frequency corresponding to the annular pressure, the resonant frequency is substituted into a corresponding formula, the annular pressure parameter corresponding to the resonant frequency can be obtained, and the measuring is convenient and the sensitivity is higher.
In addition, the microwave signal is adopted as a measurement parameter, so that the measuring precision is very high, the electromagnetic interference resistance is realized, the device is suitable for underground high-temperature high-pressure and strong-vibration severe use environments, the maintenance cost is low, and great engineering significance and application potential are realized.
The invention adopts microwaves with specific resonant frequency to generate resonant effect in the waveguide body 1, and after the waveguide body 1 is welded on the drill collar body 6, the annular pressure loaded outside the waveguide body 1 can be sensed by microwave signals at specific frequency points in the waveguide body 1.
When the annular pressure loaded on the waveguide body 1 is changed, the resonance frequency point of the waveguide body 1 is changed, namely, the resonance frequency point is different from the frequency of the microwave signal in the waveguide body 1, at the moment, the resonance frequency point of the resonance point detection circuit 5 can be scanned again through the resonance point detection circuit 5 installed in the drill collar body 6 and the microwave antenna in the waveguide body 1, and the resonance point and different annular pressures loaded on the resonance point detection circuit 5 form a certain calibration formula relation.
When the whole tool works underground, the outside annular pressure change of the drill collar body 6 causes the tiny deformation of the sensing part 4 on the resonance point detection circuit 5, so that the resonance frequency point of the waveguide body 1 is changed, the changed resonance frequency point is measured through the resonance point detection circuit 5 and the microwave antenna in the waveguide body 1, and the current annular pressure can be calculated through a calibration formula between the resonance point and different annular pressures.
The annular pressure sensor of the waveguide body 1 has the advantages of accurate measurement, simple structure, good stability, strong applicability and the like, breaks through the limitations of the traditional annular pressure sensor, and has high measurement accuracy and electromagnetic interference resistance due to the fact that microwave signals are used as measurement parameters. The device is suitable for underground high-temperature high-pressure and strong-vibration severe use environments, has low maintenance cost, and has great engineering significance and application potential.
In practical application, the tool drill collar provided by the invention is used for monitoring the underground real-time annular pressure parameter. Taking a 3000 m well as an example, under normal conditions, the underground annulus pressure parameter stably fluctuates within the range of 60-70MPa, and the range of the underground annulus pressure parameter monitored by the tool drill collar provided by the invention is 60-140MPa;
When the annulus pressure parameter is suddenly increased to 100-110MPa due to formation pressure at a certain place in the well, namely when the annulus pressure parameter range of the drill collar monitoring well provided by the invention is 100-110MPa, the fluctuation of the annulus pressure parameter in the well is larger, which indicates that the annulus pressure in the well is abnormal at the moment, and the well kick or the well blowout is easy to be caused, and at the moment, a worker can adjust the density of injected drilling fluid or the pressure of a drilling fluid delivery pump according to the actual situation so as to prevent the well kick or the well blowout and realize safe production.
The electronic components according to the present invention are all related to the prior art, and the components are electrically connected to each other and the controller, and the control circuit between the controller and the components is related to the prior art.
In addition, in application, a power supply device such as a storage battery is placed on the ground during drilling and is connected with the resonance point detection circuit 5 through a circuit so as to supply power, and normal operation is ensured.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The annular pressure parameter measuring device is characterized by comprising a waveguide body (1) which deforms according to annular pressure, wherein a resonant cavity is arranged in the waveguide body (1), and a microwave emitter (2) and a microwave receiver (3) are relatively and fixedly arranged at two ends in the resonant cavity;
Adjusting the emission frequency of the microwave emitter (2) according to the deformation of the waveguide body (1)
A frequency modulator;
The controller calculates annulus pressure parameters according to the obtained resonant frequency;
the frequency modulator is in communication connection with the microwave emitter (2), the microwave emitter (2),
The microwave receiver (3) and the frequency modulator are respectively connected with the controller in a communication way;
the method for measuring the annular pressure parameter by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that S1, a waveguide body (1) deforms according to annular pressure, a frequency modulator adjusts the transmitting frequency of a microwave transmitter (2) according to the deformation of the waveguide body (1), a microwave receiver (3) sends received electromagnetic wave signals to a controller, and the controller receives corresponding electromagnetic wave signals and obtains signal frequency points with highest amplitude, namely frequency points consistent with the resonance frequency of the waveguide body (1);
S2, the controller calculates the resonant frequency according to the resonant frequency obtained in the step S1
The corresponding annulus pressure parameter is calculated as follows:
,
Wherein y 0 is the loading value of annular pressure when first calibration is performed, and f 0 is the pair of waveguide bodies (1)
The resonant frequency when the annulus pressure parameter y 0 is needed, N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
,
Wherein y 1 is the loading value of the annular pressure during the second calibration, and f 1 is the pair of waveguide bodies (1)
The resonant frequency when the annulus pressure parameter y 1 is needed, N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
,
Wherein y 2 is the loading value of the annular pressure in the third calibration, and f 2 is the pair of waveguide bodies (1)
The resonant frequency when the annulus pressure parameter y 2 is needed, and N is a natural number;
......
,
Wherein y N is the loading value of annular pressure in the (n+1) th calibration, and f N is the waveguide body (1)
The resonant frequency corresponding to the annulus pressure parameter y N, N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
The controller obtains a coefficient a 0-aN contained in the equation according to the n+1 equations, and substitutes the calculated coefficient a 0-aN into the n+1 equations to obtain the following annular pressure parameter calculation equation:
,
wherein y is a real-time annular pressure parameter loaded on the waveguide body (1) in the pit, and f is
When in downhole measurement, the waveguide body (1) corresponds to the resonant frequency of the annulus pressure parameter corresponding to y, N is a natural number, and a 0-aN is a coefficient;
s3, substituting the measured resonant frequency f into the step S2 by the controller during downhole operation
In the formula, the downhole real-time annulus pressure parameter is obtained.
2. The annular pressure parameter measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the frequency modulator comprises a resonance point detection circuit (5) for adjusting the emission frequency of the microwave emitter (2) according to the deformation of the waveguide body (1), and the resonance point detection circuit (5) is respectively in communication connection with the microwave emitter (2) and the controller.
3. The annulus pressure parameter measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that the resonance point detection circuit (5) comprises:
a digital frequency synthesizer DDS for generating a sweep frequency signal;
the power amplifier is used for converting the sweep frequency signal into a microwave power signal;
A microwave signal pre-amplifier;
the microwave signal mixer and the low-pass filter are used for performing frequency-reducing processing on the signal with the resonance frequency;
the AD acquisition circuit is used for carrying out analog-digital conversion on the sweep frequency signal;
The microwave receiver (3), the microwave signal pre-amplifier, the microwave signal mixer, the low-pass filter, the AD acquisition circuit, the controller, the digital frequency synthesizer DDS, the power amplifier and the microwave transmitter (2) are sequentially connected through lines.
4. An annular pressure parameter measuring device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the waveguide body (1) is of cylindrical structure and the resonant cavity extends axially along the hollow inner cavity of the waveguide body (1).
5. The annular pressure parameter measuring device according to claim 4, wherein the waveguide body (1) is provided with an induction part (4) in a surrounding manner, and the thickness of the induction part (4) is smaller than that of the waveguide body (1).
6. The device for measuring annulus pressure parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that the sensing portions (4) are corrugated and distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the waveguide body (1).
7. The annular pressure parameter measuring device is characterized by comprising the annular pressure parameter measuring device according to any one of claims 1-6, and further comprising a drill collar body (6), wherein a channel (7) for passing drill rod slurry is formed in the drill collar body (6), openings communicated with the channel (7) are formed in two ends of the drill collar body (6) respectively, and the annular pressure parameter measuring device is fixedly arranged on the drill collar body (6).
8. The drill collar according to claim 7, wherein the drill collar body (6) is of cylindrical configuration.
9. A drill collar according to claim 8, wherein one end of the drill collar body (6) is provided with a conical protrusion and the other end is provided with a conical inner cavity, and the conical inner cavities are respectively communicated with two ends of the channel (7).
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| CN102071926A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-05-25 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method and device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and method and device for controlling same |
| CN103244114A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-14 | 西南石油大学 | Device for monitoring formation water out during gas drilling in real time based on microwave technology |
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| US9828848B2 (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2017-11-28 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Wireless passive pressure sensor for downhole annulus monitoring |
| CN105004469B (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2018-01-05 | 中北大学 | The passive high-temperature pressure sensor and preparation method of a kind of microwave scattering principle |
| CN107503738A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | One kind is with brill down-hole annular hydrophthalmia pressure parameter measurement apparatus and method |
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| CN102071926A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-05-25 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method and device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and method and device for controlling same |
| CN103244114A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-08-14 | 西南石油大学 | Device for monitoring formation water out during gas drilling in real time based on microwave technology |
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