CN116972890B - Optical fiber sensor and modulation method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensor and modulation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 333
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- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 97
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
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- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35309—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
- G01D5/35312—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Fabry Perot
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Abstract
The application provides an optical fiber sensor and a modulation method thereof. The optical fiber sensor comprises a light source, an optical fiber interferometer component, an electro-optic intensity modulator, a dispersion module, a photoelectric detector and a vector network analyzer, wherein the light source generates optical signals, the optical fiber interferometer component superimposes spectral responses of the optical signals, the electro-optic intensity modulator modulates the intensity of the optical signals superimposed on the optical fiber interferometer component according to microwave signals generated by the vector network analyzer, the dispersion module delays the modulated optical signals, the vector network analyzer generates the microwave signals and inputs the microwave signals to the electro-optic intensity modulator, the photoelectric detector converts the optical signals subjected to delay treatment into electric signals, the vector network analyzer acquires the frequencies of the microwave signals, and synchronously measures the converted electric signals under each frequency of the microwave signals so as to acquire frequency domain responses of the optical fiber interferometer component. High-precision and high-sensitivity sensing application is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to an optical fiber sensor and a modulation method thereof.
Background
High sensitivity and high resolution sensors have been pursued in scientific and engineering applications. In the field of optical fiber sensing, the vernier effect has recently proven to be an effective tool for improving the sensitivity of optical fiber interferometric sensors. Demodulation of fiber optic sensors based on vernier effect typically requires a broadband light source and a complex bench-top spectrum analyzer to obtain spectral response over a large wavelength bandwidth and places high demands on the sampling point. Whereas subsequent signal processing typically involves locating discrete interference fringe troughs in the superimposed spectrum and applying a nonlinear curve fit to these trough points to obtain the vernier envelope. These associated cumbersome signal processing steps may introduce additional errors and may even degrade the overall performance of the vernier effect sensor system.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an optical fiber sensor for realizing high-precision and high-sensitivity sensing application and a modulation method thereof.
The application provides an optical fiber sensor, comprising: the device comprises a light source, an optical fiber interferometer assembly, an electro-optic intensity modulator, a dispersion module, a photoelectric detector and a vector network analyzer, wherein the light source, the optical fiber interferometer assembly, the electro-optic intensity modulator, the dispersion module and the photoelectric detector are sequentially connected, and the vector network analyzer is respectively connected with the photoelectric detector and the electro-optic intensity modulator;
The optical fiber interferometer component is used for superposing spectral responses of the optical signals, the vector network analyzer is used for generating microwave signals and inputting the microwave signals to the electro-optical intensity modulator, the electro-optical intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical signals superposed by the optical fiber interferometer component according to the microwave signals generated by the vector network analyzer, the dispersion module is used for carrying out time delay processing on the modulated optical signals, the photoelectric detector is used for converting the time-delayed optical signals into electric signals, and the vector network analyzer is used for obtaining the frequency of the microwave signals and synchronously measuring the converted electric signals under each frequency of the microwave signals so as to obtain frequency domain responses of the optical fiber interferometer component.
Optionally, the optical fiber interferometer assembly includes an optical fiber interferometer sensing element, an optical fiber interferometer reference element and an optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber coupler is arranged at the input end and the output end of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element; the optical source is respectively connected with the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element through the optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element are connected with the electro-optic intensity modulator through the optical fiber coupler.
Optionally, the optical fiber coupler includes a first optical fiber coupler and a second optical fiber coupler, the first optical fiber coupler is disposed at an input end of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element, the second optical fiber coupler is disposed at an output end of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element, the light source is respectively connected with the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element through the first optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element are connected with the electro-optic intensity modulator through the second optical fiber coupler.
Optionally, the optical fiber sensor further includes a first optical fiber circulator connected between the first optical fiber coupler and the second optical fiber coupler and connected to the optical fiber interferometer sensing element, where the first optical fiber circulator is used for guiding the optical signal output by the first optical fiber coupler into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and guiding the optical signal reflected by the optical signal and containing information into the first optical fiber coupler.
Optionally, the optical fiber sensor further includes a second optical fiber circulator connected between the first optical fiber coupler and the second optical fiber coupler and connected to the optical fiber interferometer reference element, where the first optical fiber circulator is used for guiding the optical signal output by the first optical fiber coupler into the optical fiber interferometer reference element and guiding the optical signal reflected by the optical signal and containing information into the first optical fiber coupler.
Optionally, the optical fiber coupler includes a dual-channel coupler, the dual-channel coupler includes two input channels and two output channels, the light source is connected with the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element through the two input channels, and the electro-optic intensity modulator is connected with the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element through the two output channels.
Optionally, the optical fiber interferometer sensing element operates in a transmission mode; or in a reflective mode.
Optionally, the fiber optic interferometer reference element operates in a transmissive mode; or in a reflective mode.
Optionally, the optical fiber sensor further comprises an amplifying device, which is arranged between the electro-optical intensity modulator and the dispersion module; or between the dispersion module and the photodetector.
Optionally, the optical fiber sensor further includes an optical fiber polarizer and an optical fiber polarization controller connected to the optical fiber polarizer, where the optical fiber polarizer and the optical fiber polarization controller are disposed at an optical input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator, and the optical fiber polarization controller is disposed near the optical input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator with respect to the optical fiber polarizer.
Optionally, the light source, the optical fiber interferometer assembly, the electro-optical intensity modulator, the dispersion module and the photodetector are sequentially connected through optical fibers.
Optionally, the vector network analyzer is connected with the photoelectric detector and the electro-optic intensity modulation through coaxial optical cables respectively.
The application also provides a modulation method of an optical fiber sensor, which is applied to the optical fiber sensor according to any one of the above embodiments, and the modulation method includes:
generating an optical signal;
superposing the spectral response of the optical signals;
generating a microwave signal;
modulating the intensity of the superimposed optical signal according to the microwave signal;
performing delay processing on the modulated optical signal;
converting the optical signal after delay processing into an electric signal; and
And acquiring the frequency of the microwave signal, and synchronously measuring the converted electric signals at each frequency of the microwave signal to acquire the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer assembly.
According to the optical fiber sensor and the modulation method thereof, the optical fiber sensor is provided with the light source, the optical fiber interferometer component, the electro-optical intensity modulator, the dispersion module, the photoelectric detector and the vector network analyzer, the electro-optical intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical signal of the spectral response after the optical fiber interferometer component is overlapped based on the microwave signal, the modulated optical signal is input into the dispersion module, the dispersion module is used for carrying out time delay processing on the modulated optical signal, the photoelectric detector is used for converting the optical signal after the time delay processing into the electric signal, the vector network analyzer is used for obtaining the frequency of the microwave signal, and the converted electric signal is synchronously measured under each frequency of the microwave signal so as to obtain the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer component. The device corresponds the parameter to be measured with the acquired frequency domain response, realizes high-precision and high-sensitivity sensing application, and has simple structure and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of one embodiment of a fiber optic sensor of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor of FIG. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor shown in fig. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor of FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the light sensor shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the spectral response of the fiber optic interferometer sensing element and the fiber optic interferometer reference element of the fiber optic sensor of FIG. 1.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the spectral response of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and the optical fiber interferometer reference element of the optical fiber sensor of FIG. 1 after superposition.
Fig. 10 is a graph showing the measured frequency domain response of the vector network analyzer of the fiber optic sensor of fig. 1.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the response of the strain of the fiber optic sensor shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a method of modulating a fiber optic sensor of the present application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the accompanying claims.
The terminology used in the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the claims, are not used for any order, quantity, or importance, but are used for distinguishing between different elements. Likewise, the terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence. "plurality" or "several" means at least two. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms "front," "rear," "lower," and/or "upper" and the like are merely for convenience of description and are not limited to one location or one spatial orientation. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items appearing before "comprising" or "comprising" are encompassed by the element or item recited after "comprising" or "comprising" and equivalents thereof, and that other elements or items are not excluded. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The application provides an optical fiber sensor and a modulation method thereof. The optical fiber sensor comprises a light source, an optical fiber interferometer assembly, an electro-optic intensity modulator, a dispersion module, a photoelectric detector and a vector network analyzer, wherein the light source, the optical fiber interferometer assembly, the electro-optic intensity modulator, the dispersion module and the photoelectric detector are sequentially connected, and the vector network analyzer is respectively connected with the photoelectric detector and the electro-optic intensity modulator; the optical fiber interferometer comprises a light source, an optical fiber interferometer component, an electro-optical intensity modulator, a dispersion module, a vector network analyzer, a photoelectric detector and a vector network analyzer, wherein the light source is used for generating an optical signal, the optical fiber interferometer component is used for superposing spectral responses of the optical signal, the electro-optical intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical signal superposed by the optical fiber interferometer component according to a microwave signal generated by the vector network analyzer, the dispersion module is used for carrying out time delay processing on the modulated optical signal, the vector network analyzer is used for generating the microwave signal and inputting the microwave signal to the electro-optical intensity modulator, the photoelectric detector is used for converting the time-delayed optical signal into an electric signal, and the vector network analyzer is used for acquiring the frequency of the microwave signal and synchronously measuring the converted electric signal under each frequency of the microwave signal so as to acquire the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer component.
According to the optical fiber sensor and the modulation method thereof, the optical fiber sensor is provided with the light source, the optical fiber interferometer component, the electro-optical intensity modulator, the dispersion module, the photoelectric detector and the vector network analyzer, the electro-optical intensity modulator is used for modulating the intensity of the optical signal of the spectral response after the optical fiber interferometer component is overlapped based on the microwave signal, the modulated optical signal is input into the dispersion module, the dispersion module is used for carrying out time delay processing on the modulated optical signal, the photoelectric detector is used for converting the optical signal after the time delay processing into the electric signal, the vector network analyzer is used for obtaining the frequency of the microwave signal, and the converted electric signal is synchronously measured under each frequency of the microwave signal so as to obtain the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer component. The device corresponds the parameter to be measured with the acquired frequency domain response, realizes high-precision and high-sensitivity sensing application, and has simple structure and low cost.
The application provides a light sensor capable of solving the problems that an optical fiber sensor is complex and dynamic measurement cannot be achieved, and a modulation method thereof. The optical fiber sensor and the modulation method thereof according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The features of the examples and embodiments described below may be combined with each other without conflict.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a fiber optic sensor 1 of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber sensor 1 includes a light source 11, an optical fiber interferometer assembly 12, an electro-optical intensity modulator 13, a dispersion module 14, a photodetector 15, and a vector network analyzer 16, wherein the light source 11, the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12, the electro-optical intensity modulator 13, the dispersion module 14, and the photodetector 15 are sequentially connected, and the vector network analyzer 16 is respectively connected to the photodetector 15 and the electro-optical intensity modulator 13. In this embodiment, the light source 11, the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12, the electro-optical intensity modulator 13, the dispersion module 14, and the photodetector 15 are sequentially connected by optical fibers. The vector network analyzer 16 is connected with the photodetector 15 and the electro-optical intensity modulation through coaxial optical cables respectively. The vector network analyzer 16 comprises an input and an output, and the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 comprises an optical input, an optical output and a modulated signal input. An output of the vector network analyzer 16 is connected to a modulation signal input of the electro-optical intensity modulator 13.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a light source 11 is used to generate the light signal. The fiber optic interferometer assembly 12 is used to superimpose the spectral responses of the optical signals. The vector network analyzer 16 is used to generate a microwave signal and input it to the electro-optical intensity modulator 13. The electro-optic intensity modulator 13 is used for modulating the intensity of the optical signal superimposed on the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12 according to the microwave signal generated by the vector network analyzer 16. The dispersion module 14 is used for performing delay processing on the modulated optical signal. The vector network analyzer 16 is configured to generate a microwave signal and input the microwave signal to the electro-optical intensity modulator 13, the photodetector 15 is configured to convert the time-delayed optical signal into an electrical signal, the vector network analyzer 16 is configured to acquire a frequency of the microwave signal, and at each frequency of the microwave signal, perform synchronous measurement on the converted electrical signal to acquire a frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12.
According to the optical fiber sensor 1, through the arrangement of the light source 11, the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12, the electro-optical intensity modulator 13, the dispersion module 14, the photoelectric detector 15 and the vector network analyzer 16, the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 is used for modulating the intensity of the optical signal of the spectral response after the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12 is overlapped based on the microwave signal, the modulated optical signal is input into the dispersion module 14, the dispersion module 14 is used for carrying out time delay processing on the modulated optical signal, the photoelectric detector 15 is used for converting the optical signal after the time delay processing into an electric signal, the vector network analyzer 16 is used for obtaining the frequency of the microwave signal, and the converted electric signal is synchronously measured under each frequency of the microwave signal so as to obtain the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12. The device corresponds the parameter to be measured with the acquired frequency domain response, realizes high-precision and high-sensitivity sensing application, and has simple structure and low cost.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the fiber optic interferometer assembly 12 includes a fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121, a fiber optic interferometer reference element 122, and a fiber optic coupler 123, the fiber optic coupler 123 being disposed at the input and output ends of the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber optic interferometer reference element 122. The light source 11 is connected to the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 via the optical fiber coupler 123, respectively, and the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are connected to the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 via the optical fiber coupler 123.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber coupler 123 includes a first optical fiber coupler 1231 and a second optical fiber coupler 1232, the first optical fiber coupler 1231 is disposed at the input ends of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, the second optical fiber coupler 1232 is disposed at the output ends of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, the light source 11 is connected to the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 through the first optical fiber coupler 1231, and the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are connected to the electro-optic intensity modulator 13 through the second optical fiber coupler 1232.
In this embodiment, the light source 11 is used to generate a detection light signal. The light source 11 is typically a broadband light source, such as a spontaneous emission broadband light source or a laser diode, etc. The vector network analyzer 16 is used to generate the microwave signal. After passing through the first optical fiber coupler 1231, the detection optical signals are respectively input into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, and the spectral responses of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are input into the second optical fiber coupler 1232 for superposition. The optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are independently arranged, interference fringes of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are overlapped, and a vernier modulation envelope is generated at a characteristic spectrum of the system. The optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 is configured to sense an external environment, and convert an external environment change factor, such as stress, temperature, vibration, etc., into a change of a spectral response thereof, and specifically map a change of a parameter to be measured into a change of an optical path difference thereof, thereby causing a shift of the spectral response thereof, that is, a shift of a sensing interference spectrum. The optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 is configured to generate a reference interference spectrum and superimpose the perceived interference spectrum of the optical fiber interferometer perception element 121, thereby generating an optical vernier effect. It should be noted that the fiber interferometer reference element 122 generally needs to be placed in a stable environment, isolated from external changing factors, to ensure reliability of the system. The first optical fiber coupler 1231 is used for guiding the optical signal generated by the light source 11 into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively. The second fiber coupler 1232 is used for guiding the response optical signals of the fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber interferometer reference element 122 into the electro-optical intensity modulator 13.
The vector network analyzer 16 is used for generating a microwave signal and receiving the microwave signal obtained by the photodetector 15, wherein the microwave signal is an electrical signal. The electro-optical intensity modulator 13 is used for modulating the microwave signal generated by the vector network analyzer 16 onto the superimposed spectral response of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, and guiding the modulated optical signal into the dispersion module 14. The dispersion module 14 is used to introduce additional dispersion to the superimposed spectral response of the fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber interferometer reference element 122. The photodetector 15 is used to convert the modulated optical signal passing through the dispersion module 14 into an electrical signal and input to the vector network analyzer 16. The frequency domain responses of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are obtained by scanning the frequencies of the microwave signals generated by the vector network analyzer 16 and implementing synchronous measurement at each frequency. By corresponding the change of the parameter to be measured acting on the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 to the frequency domain responses of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 one by one, the optical fiber sensor 1 based on the microwave photon principle and with high precision and high sensitivity can be realized, so that the demodulation with high precision and high sensitivity is realized, the structure is simple, and the realization is easy.
Specifically, the detection light signal emitted by the light source 11 is split by the first optical fiber coupler 1231 and then is respectively led into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, and the second optical fiber coupler 1232 performs beam combination to generate an optical signal carrying sensing information. The light intensity of the light signal can be expressed as:
(1)
where V1 and V2 denote the contrast of the interference spectra of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively, OPD1 and OPD2 denote the optical path difference of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively, ω denotes the angular frequency of the optical signal, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The electric field strength can be expressed as:
(2)
wherein,
(3)
the optical signal is modulated at an electro-optical intensity modulator 13 by a microwave signal of angular frequency Ω generated by a vector network analyzer 16. The electric field strength of the modulated optical signal can be expressed as:
(4)
wherein m is 1 And m 2 The modulation factor representing the positive and negative sidebands is typically 0 or 1. The modulated optical signal is received by the photodetector 15 after passing through the dispersion module 14, and converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is led into the vector network analyzer 16. The transfer function of the dispersion module is assumed to be:
(5)
the frequency domain response of the system can be expressed as:
(6)
Since the modulated optical signal contains two characteristic frequencies corresponding to OPD1 and OPD2, two pass bands are obtained on the frequency domain response of the system, and the center frequencies of the two pass bands are determined by the optical path differences of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, which can be expressed as:
(7)
where D is the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion module 14 in ps/nm, λ is the wavelength of the optical signal in nm. It should be noted that the optical path differences between the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 should be not significantly different in order to produce the vernier effect. Importantly, in the frequency domain response, the two pass bands with center frequencies f1 and f2 overlap to form a characteristic trough. The amplitude of this trough is closely related to the optical path difference of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121, so that the high sensitivity sensing based on the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 can be achieved by monitoring the amplitude variation of the characteristic trough in the frequency domain response of the optical vernier effect generated by the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122.
In some embodiments, the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 operates in a transmissive mode; or in a reflective mode. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 operates in a transmissive mode. In some embodiments, the fiber optic interferometer reference element 122 operates in a transmissive mode; or in a reflective mode. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the fiber optic interferometer reference element 122 transmits modes.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shown in fig. 2 is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and mainly differs in that the optical fiber sensor 1 further includes a first optical fiber circulator 17 connected between the first optical fiber coupler 1231 and the second optical fiber coupler 1232 and connected to the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121, and the first optical fiber circulator 17 is configured to guide the optical signal output by the first optical fiber coupler 1231 into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and guide the optical signal reflected by the optical fiber circulator and containing information into the first optical fiber coupler 1231. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 operates in a reflective mode. The first optical fiber circulator 17 is used for guiding the detected optical signal output by the first optical fiber coupler 1231 to the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and guiding the reflected optical signal containing information to the second optical fiber coupler 1232.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a further embodiment of the fibre-optic sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shown in fig. 3 is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, and mainly differs in that the optical fiber sensor 1 further comprises a second optical fiber circulator 18 connected between the first optical fiber coupler 1231 and the second optical fiber coupler 1232 and connected to the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, and the first optical fiber circulator 17 is used for guiding the optical signal output by the first optical fiber coupler 1231 into the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 and guiding the optical signal reflected by the optical fiber circulator and containing information into the first optical fiber coupler 1231. In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the fiber optic interferometer reference element 122 operates in a reflective mode, and the second fiber circulator 18 is used to introduce the probe optical signal output by the first fiber coupler 1231 into the fiber optic interferometer reference element 122 and to introduce the information-containing optical signal reflected thereby into the second fiber coupler 1232.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shown in fig. 4 is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, with the main difference that the fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber interferometer reference element 122 both operate in reflection mode, with a first fiber circulator 17 and a second fiber circulator 18 being provided between the first fiber coupler 1231 and the second fiber coupler 1232. The first fiber optic circulator 17 is connected to a fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 and the second fiber optic circulator 18 is connected to a fiber optic interferometer reference element 122. In this embodiment, the first optical fiber circulator 17 is used to guide the detected optical signal output by the first optical fiber coupler 1231 into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and guide the optical signal reflected by the optical fiber interferometer sensing element and containing information into the second optical fiber coupler 1232. The second fiber circulator 18 is used to guide the detected optical signal output from the first fiber coupler 1231 into the fiber interferometer reference element 122 and guide the optical signal reflected therefrom, which includes information, into the second fiber coupler 1232.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the fiber optic sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shown in fig. 5 is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, with the main difference that the fiber coupler 123 comprises a two-channel coupler 1233, the two-channel coupler 1233 comprising two input channels through which the light source 11 is connected to the fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively, and two output channels through which the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 is connected to the fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively. In this embodiment, the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 are both made of hollow fiber fabry-perot microcavities, and are reflective operating modes. The use of a 2 x 2 dual channel coupler 1233 to introduce the probe optical signal generated by the optical source 11 and collect the reflected optical signal avoids the use of multiple fiber circulators, thereby making the system simpler and lower in structure.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a further embodiment of the fibre-optic sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shown in fig. 6 is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, with the main difference that the optical fiber sensor 1 further comprises amplifying means 19 arranged between the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 and the dispersion module 14; or between the dispersion module 14 and the photodetector 15. The amplifying device 19 is used for amplifying the optical signal, so that the signal strength is improved, and the subsequent detection is facilitated. In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, an amplifying device 19 is provided between the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 and the dispersion module 14 for amplifying the modulated optical signal. The amplifying device 19 is disposed between the dispersion module 14 and the photodetector 15, and is used for amplifying the optical signal after the delay processing, so as to facilitate the subsequent detection. In other embodiments, the amplifying means 19 are arranged between the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 and the dispersion module 14. In other embodiments, the amplifying means 19 is arranged between the dispersion module 14 and the photodetector 15. And are not limited in this application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another embodiment of the optical sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. The embodiment shown in fig. 7 is similar to the embodiment shown in fig. 1, with the main difference that the optical fiber sensor 1 further comprises an optical fiber polarizer 20 and an optical fiber polarization controller 21 connected to the optical fiber polarizer 20, the optical fiber polarizer 20 and the optical fiber polarization controller 21 being arranged at the light input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator 13, wherein the optical fiber polarization controller 21 is arranged close to the light input end of the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 with respect to the optical fiber polarizer 20. In this embodiment, the optical fiber polarization controller 21 is provided to regulate and control the polarization state of the optical signal input to the electro-optical intensity modulator 13, so as to increase the modulation depth thereof, improve the modulation efficiency of the optical signal, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing spectral responses of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 of the optical fiber sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the spectral response of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 of the optical fiber sensor 1 shown in fig. 1 after being superimposed. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the measured frequency domain response of the vector network analyzer 16 of the fiber optic sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a response diagram of the strain of the optical fiber sensor 1 shown in fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the optical path differences of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 of the present embodiment are 1.10 mm and 1.27 mm, respectively, and their spectral responses are shown in fig. 8. Their superimposed spectral response is shown in fig. 9, and the cursor envelope can be clearly seen. Further, as shown in fig. 10, the system frequency domain response curve measured by the vector network analyzer 16 clearly shows that a characteristic trough having sharp characteristics is formed between two pass bands due to the superposition of the two pass bands. To further verify its high sensitivity sensing capability, we fix the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 between two motorized displacement stages, gradually apply strain to the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 by stretching, step 1 micro-strain, and record the change in characteristic dip in the system frequency domain response for each strain case, as shown in FIG. 11.
As the strain increases gradually, the magnitude of the characteristic trough increases gradually, exhibiting great relevance. Thus, the experimental results demonstrate that highly sensitive sensing can be achieved by the amplitude variation of the feature dips in the frequency domain response. Different from the traditional optical fiber vernier effect sensor, the method provided by the specification converts the optical vernier effect into characteristic trough in frequency domain response, maps the change of an optical signal to the change of a microwave signal, and then realizes high-precision measurement through high-precision microwave measuring equipment, so that a complex spectrum analyzer is avoided.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the modulation method of the optical fiber sensor 1 of the present application. As shown in connection with fig. 1 to 12, the modulation method of the optical fiber sensor 1 is applied to the optical fiber sensor 1 as shown in the embodiments of fig. 1 to 11 described above. The modulation method includes steps S1 to S8. After step S3 and step S2 are performed, step S4 is performed. Step S3 and steps S1-S2 are not in sequential order.
Step S1, generating an optical signal. In this embodiment, the light source 11 is used to generate the light signal. The light source 11 is typically a broadband light source, such as a spontaneous emission broadband light source or a laser diode, etc.
And S2, superposing the spectral response of the optical signals. In this embodiment, the spectral response of the optical signal is superimposed using the fiber optic interferometer assembly 12.
And S3, generating a microwave signal. In this embodiment, a microwave signal is generated using a vector network analyzer 16.
And S4, modulating the intensity of the superimposed optical signal according to the microwave signal. In this embodiment, the electro-optic intensity modulator 13 is used to modulate the microwave signal generated by the vector network analyzer 16 onto the superimposed spectral response of the fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the fiber interferometer reference element 122.
And S5, carrying out delay processing on the modulated optical signal. In this embodiment, the dispersion module 14 is used to introduce additional dispersion into the superimposed spectral response.
And S6, converting the optical signal subjected to the delay processing into an electric signal. In this embodiment, the modulated optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector 15.
And S7, acquiring the frequency of the microwave signal, and synchronously measuring the converted electric signals under each frequency of the microwave signal to acquire the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer assembly. In this embodiment, the frequency domain responses of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 can be obtained by scanning the frequencies of the microwave signals generated by the vector network analyzer 16 and implementing synchronous measurement at each frequency.
In the modulation method of the optical fiber sensor 1 of the present embodiment, the electro-optical intensity modulator 13 is used to intensity modulate the optical signal of the spectral response superimposed on the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12 based on the microwave signal, then the modulated optical signal is input into the dispersion module 14, the dispersion module 14 is used to delay the modulated optical signal, the photodetector 15 is used to convert the delayed optical signal into an electrical signal, the vector network analyzer 16 is used to obtain the frequency of the microwave signal, and at each frequency of the microwave signal, the converted electrical signal is synchronously measured to obtain the frequency domain response of the optical fiber interferometer assembly 12. The device corresponds the parameter to be measured with the acquired frequency domain response, realizes high-precision and high-sensitivity sensing application, and has simple structure and low cost.
As shown in fig. 1 and 12, the detected light signal emitted by the light source 11 is split by the first optical fiber coupler 1231 and then is respectively led into the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, and the second optical fiber coupler 1232 performs beam combination to generate an optical signal carrying sensing information. The light intensity of the light signal can be expressed as:
(1)
where V1 and V2 denote the contrast of the interference spectra of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively, OPD1 and OPD2 denote the optical path difference of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, respectively, ω denotes the angular frequency of the optical signal, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The electric field strength can be expressed as:
(2)
Wherein,
(3)
the optical signal is modulated at an electro-optical intensity modulator 13 by a microwave signal of angular frequency Ω generated by a vector network analyzer 16. The electric field strength of the modulated optical signal can be expressed as:
(4)
wherein m is 1 And m 2 The modulation factor representing the positive and negative sidebands is typically 0 or 1. The modulated optical signal is received by the photodetector 15 after passing through the dispersion module 14, and converted into an electrical signal, and the electrical signal is led into the vector network analyzer 16. The transfer function of the dispersion module is assumed to be:
(5)
the frequency domain response of the system can be expressed as:
(6)
since the modulated optical signal contains two characteristic frequencies corresponding to OPD1 and OPD2, two pass bands are obtained on the frequency domain response of the system, and the center frequencies of the two pass bands are determined by the optical path differences of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122, which can be expressed as:
(7)
where D is the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion module 14 in ps/nm, λ is the wavelength of the optical signal in nm. It should be noted that the optical path differences between the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 should be not significantly different in order to produce the vernier effect. Importantly, in the frequency domain response, the two pass bands with center frequencies f1 and f2 overlap to form a characteristic trough. The amplitude of this trough is closely related to the optical path difference of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121, so that the high sensitivity sensing based on the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 can be achieved by monitoring the amplitude variation of the characteristic trough in the frequency domain response of the optical vernier effect generated by the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122.
The optical path differences of the optical fiber interferometer sensing element 121 and the optical fiber interferometer reference element 122 of this embodiment are 1.10 mm and 1.27 mm, respectively, and their spectral responses are shown in fig. 8. Their superimposed spectral response is shown in fig. 9, and the cursor envelope can be clearly seen. Further, as shown in fig. 10, the system frequency domain response curve measured by the vector network analyzer 16 clearly shows that a characteristic trough having sharp characteristics is formed between two pass bands due to the superposition of the two pass bands. To further verify its high sensitivity sensing capability, we fix the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 between two motorized displacement stages, gradually apply strain to the fiber optic interferometer sensing element 121 by stretching, step 1 micro-strain, and record the change in characteristic dip in the system frequency domain response for each strain case, as shown in FIG. 11.
As the strain increases gradually, the magnitude of the characteristic trough increases gradually, exhibiting great relevance. Thus, the experimental results demonstrate that highly sensitive sensing can be achieved by the amplitude variation of the feature dips in the frequency domain response. Different from the traditional optical fiber vernier effect sensor, the method provided by the specification converts the optical vernier effect into characteristic trough in frequency domain response, maps the change of an optical signal to the change of a microwave signal, and then realizes high-precision measurement through high-precision microwave measuring equipment, so that a complex spectrum analyzer is avoided.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
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