CN117055096B - Pneumatic drop hammer type vibration source excitation device - Google Patents
Pneumatic drop hammer type vibration source excitation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN117055096B CN117055096B CN202311311808.7A CN202311311808A CN117055096B CN 117055096 B CN117055096 B CN 117055096B CN 202311311808 A CN202311311808 A CN 202311311808A CN 117055096 B CN117055096 B CN 117055096B
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036461 convulsion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
- G01V1/137—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion which fluid escapes from the generator in a pulsating manner, e.g. for generating bursts, airguns
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device, which comprises an emitter component, a motion component, a hydraulic station, a vacuumizing device, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, an anvil and a base, wherein the emitter component is arranged on the base and is used for emitting bullets to the anvil so as to generate seismic waves; the movement assembly is connected with the emitter assembly and used for controlling the movement of the emitter assembly; the hydraulic station is connected with the motion assembly and is used for providing power for the motion of the motion assembly; the vacuumizing device is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for enabling the bullet to return to the emitting position of the emitter assembly again; and the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for providing power for the bullet through compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder. Therefore, the kinetic energy can be provided for the bullet based on the gas pressure of the compressed nitrogen and the weight of the bullet, so that the bullet can impact the anvil, and earthquake waves can be obtained effectively.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of seismic exploration equipment, in particular to a pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device.
Background
For the production safety of coal mines, before coal is mined, related workers need to comprehensively survey the geological structure of the coal mine so as to make an effective safe mining scheme. Accurate detection of coal mine geological structures has important theoretical and engineering application values for guiding and solving the problems related to rock stratum control in mining engineering and construction of digital coal mines and transparent mines.
In the related art, a coal mine geological structure is detected, and a seismic exploration technology can be adopted. In the seismic exploration technology, a seismic source device is adopted to generate seismic waves, and the detection of the geological structure of the coal mine can be realized by analyzing the dynamic propagation characteristics of the seismic waves in the coal mine medium.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
The application provides a pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device to can realize providing kinetic energy to the bullet based on the gas pressure of compressed nitrogen and the weight of bullet self, make the bullet accomplish the impact to the anvil, and then can effectively acquire the earthquake wave.
An embodiment of a first aspect of the present application provides a pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device, the device including an emitter assembly, a control assembly, a hydraulic station, a vacuum pumping device, a high pressure nitrogen cylinder, an anvil, and a base; wherein the launcher assembly is disposed on the base for launching a bullet to the anvil below the bullet to generate a seismic wave by the impact of the bullet on the anvil; wherein the launcher assembly comprises the bullet; the control assembly is connected with the emitter assembly and used for controlling the movement of the emitter assembly; the hydraulic station is connected with the control assembly and is used for providing power for the movement of the control assembly; the vacuumizing device is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for extracting air in the emitter assembly after the bullet is emitted, so that the bullet returns to the emitting position of the emitter assembly again; the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for providing power for the bullet through compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic drop hammer type source excitation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter assembly provided herein;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a control assembly provided herein;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle-mounted pneumatic drop hammer type controllable impact seismic source device provided by the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmitter assembly provided herein;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a movement mechanism provided in the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
Currently, the detection means for coal mine geological structures mainly comprise drilling and seismic exploration.
Among them, drilling is one of the methods commonly used at present, but the drilling cost is time consuming and expensive, resulting in less drilling quantity and rough drilling results.
Seismic sources used in seismic exploration are largely classified into explosive sources and non-explosive sources. Among them, explosive sources are widely used, but wavelet stability is poor, and explosives are severely limited due to management and control. The non-explosive source mainly comprises a hammering source, a source vehicle, an air gun source and the like. The hammering vibration source can obtain wavelets with better repeatability, but the hammering vibration source has limited excitation energy and is easy to be influenced by environment, and particularly, the hammering effect on dry loose ground is poor. The seismic source vehicle can stably output the seismic waves with controllable frequency, but with the increase of the propagation distance, single signals of the controllable seismic waves become very weak, and the signal-to-noise ratio is too low; meanwhile, the seismic source vehicle has large volume, heavy weight and difficult movement. The air gun source can instantaneously release a shock wave through highly compressed gas to generate a pulse signal, and the use field is generally ocean water area and limited.
To the above problems, the present application provides a pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device.
The following describes a pneumatic drop hammer type source excitation device according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic drop hammer type source excitation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the pneumatic drop hammer source excitation device 100 includes an emitter assembly 110, a control assembly 120, a hydraulic station 130, a vacuum apparatus 140, a high pressure nitrogen cylinder 150, an anvil 160, and a base 170, wherein:
alternatively, the launcher assembly 110 may be disposed on the base 170 and may be used to launch a bullet from the anvil 160 positioned below the bullet to generate a seismic wave by the impact of the bullet on the anvil 160; wherein the launcher assembly 110 may comprise a bullet.
It should be noted that the base 170 may be, but is not limited to, a vehicle, a supporting frame, etc., which is not limited in this application.
In embodiments of the present application, the anvil may be a rectangular parallelepiped steel plate and may be located below the bullet. Therefore, in the impact operation, the anvil can effectively avoid the problem of ground collapse caused by the impact of the bullet on the ground.
In some embodiments, the bullet may be, but is not limited to, cylindrical in shape, as this application is not limited to.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 (a) and (b), the emitter assembly 110 may further include a plenum 111, an air inlet pipe 112, an emitter tube 113, a support 114, and a control valve 115; wherein (a) in fig. 2 is a perspective view of the emitter assembly, and (b) in fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the emitter assembly.
Wherein the gas chamber 111 may be connected to the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 150 through the gas inlet pipe 112 to convert pressure energy of the compressed nitrogen gas inputted from the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 150 to the gas chamber 111 into kinetic energy of a bullet in the gas chamber 111. The inner wall of the air chamber 111 may be provided with threads to be connected with the emitter tube 113 by the threads.
In some embodiments, the air chamber 111 may be a closed cylindrical cylinder.
Wherein, the emitting tube 113 may be provided with an air outlet hole to exchange air with the external environment of the emitter assembly 110 through the air outlet hole; wherein the firing tube 113 may include a firing cavity and the bullet may be disposed in the firing cavity.
In some embodiments, the emitter tube 113 may be, but is not limited to, an alloy steel material, which is not limited in this application.
It should be noted that the inner wall of the firing chamber may be smooth in order to ensure proper movement of the bullet.
Wherein support 114 may be coupled to control assembly 120 for controlling movement of emitter assembly 110 in conjunction with control assembly 120. The support 114 may be disposed at a middle lower portion of the emitter tube 113.
Among them, the control valve 115 may be used to control the chamber gas flowing from the chamber 111 to the emitter tube 113.
The control valve 115 may be, but is not limited to, a solenoid valve, a pneumatic control valve, etc., which is not limited in this application.
In some embodiments, transmitter assembly 110 may also include a pressure transmitter 116. Wherein the pressure transmitter 116 can be used to control the gas pressure of the chamber gas flowing from the chamber 111 to the emitter tube 113.
Optionally, a control assembly 120, coupled to the emitter assembly 110, may be used to control the movement of the emitter assembly 110.
It should be noted that the movement of the emitter assembly 110 may be, but is not limited to, upward movement, downward movement, forward movement, backward movement, etc., which is not limited in this application.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the control assembly 120 may include a hydraulic ram 121, a motor 122, a screw 123, a motion support 124, and a base 125.
Wherein the screw 123 and the support 114 in the emitter assembly 110 may be mounted on a moving support 124; the motion support 124 may be coupled to the base 125; the hydraulic cylinder 121 may be connected to the base 125 and the moving support 124; the motor 122 may be connected to a screw 123.
For example, the screw 123 may be mounted on the moving support 124 by two nuts; the moving support 124 may be connected to the base 125 by screws; the hydraulic cylinder 121 may be connected to the base 125 and the moving support 124 by bolts; the motor 122 may be connected to the screw 123 by a bolt.
It is understood that the control assembly 120 may be secured to the base 170. For example, the control assembly 120 may be secured to the base 170 by screws.
The hydraulic cylinder 121 may be used to adjust the angle of the first included angle between the moving support 124 and the base 125 by controlling the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic rod in the hydraulic cylinder 121, thereby adjusting the angle of the second included angle between the emitter assembly 110 and the ground.
In this embodiment of the present application, the range of the angle of the first included angle may be, for example, 0 ° to 90 °, 0 ° to 180 °, and the application is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments, hydraulic cylinder 121 may be chrome plated.
Wherein the motor 122 may be used to adjust the distance between the emitter assembly 110 and the ground by controlling the up and down movement of the screw 123.
Optionally, a hydraulic station 130, which may be coupled to the control assembly 120, may be used to power the movement of the control assembly 120
In some embodiments, the hydraulic station 130 may be coupled to the hydraulic ram 121 and the motor 122 for providing power to the hydraulic ram 121 and the motor 122, respectively.
Optionally, a vacuum device 140, coupled to the ejector assembly 110, may be used to draw air from the ejector assembly 110 after the bullet is ejected, allowing the bullet to return to the ejector assembly's ejection position.
In some embodiments, a vacuum device 140 may be coupled to the firing tube 113 for drawing air from the firing chamber after the bullet is fired to allow the bullet to return to the firing position of the launcher assembly 110.
In some embodiments, the pneumatic drop hammer source excitation device 100 may also include a gas flow rate control valve.
In embodiments of the present application, a gas flow rate control valve may be provided in the evacuation device 140.
Optionally, a high pressure nitrogen cylinder 150, coupled to the emitter assembly 110, may be used to power the bullet by compressed nitrogen in the high pressure nitrogen cylinder.
In some embodiments, the pneumatic drop hammer source excitation device 100 may also include an electronic control system.
Wherein an electronic control system may be coupled to the emitter assembly 110 and may be used to control the compressed nitrogen delivered to the emitter assembly 110 from the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 150.
To clearly illustrate how the electronic control system controls the compressed nitrogen delivered from the high pressure nitrogen cylinder to the emitter assembly, in one possible implementation of the embodiment of the present application, in the case where the emitter assembly further comprises a gas chamber, an air inlet pipe, an emitter pipe, a support and a control valve, the gas pressure of the gas chamber may be first monitored when a bullet is emitted to the anvil, resulting in a first pressure; when the first pressure is smaller than the target pressure, compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder can be input into the air chamber, and the air pressure of the air chamber can be subjected to second monitoring to obtain a second pressure; when the second pressure is not less than the target pressure, the input of the compressed nitrogen gas in the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder to the gas chamber may be stopped.
In some embodiments, the electronic control system may also be used to obtain a target pressure.
For clarity of illustration, how the electronic control system obtains the target pressure, in one possible implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the coal mine detection depth may be obtained, and the target pressure may be determined based on the coal mine detection depth.
In some embodiments, after the coal mine detection depth is obtained, the following steps may be employed to achieve the determination of the target pressure:
1. and inquiring the focus impact energy corresponding to the coal mine detection depth according to the coal mine detection depth.
As an example, a correspondence relation between the coal mine detection depth and the source impact energy may be established in advance, and stored, so that in the case of determining the coal mine detection depth, the above correspondence relation is queried, and the source impact energy corresponding to the coal mine detection depth may be acquired.
2. The target speed at which the bullet strikes the anvil is determined based on the source impact energy and the mass of the bullet.
As an example, assuming a source impact energy E and a mass of the bullet m, the target velocity v at which the bullet strikes the anvil may be determined according to the following equation:
；(1)
3. based on the target velocity, the impact acceleration of the bullet is determined.
As an example, assuming a target velocity v, the impact acceleration a of the bullet may be determined according to the following formula:
；(2)
4. the target pressure is determined based on the jerk and the diameter of the intake pipe.
As an example, assuming that the jerk is a and the diameter of the intake pipe is D, the target pressure P may be determined according to the following formula Order of (A) ：
；（3）
Wherein g is gravitational acceleration;the efficiency of the air chamber to work on the bullet can be preset.
Thus, the target pressure can be effectively and accurately determined.
In some embodiments, an electronic control system may also be coupled to the evacuation device 140 and may be used to control the evacuation of air from the firing chamber by the evacuation device 140.
In one possible implementation of the embodiments of the present application, the pneumatic drop hammer source excitation device 100 may also include a gas flow rate control valve.
In embodiments of the present application, a gas flow rate control valve may be provided in the evacuation device 140.
In some embodiments, the electronic control system may be connected to a gas flow rate control valve, and may also be used to monitor the speed at which the evacuation device 140 draws air from the firing chamber to obtain the evacuation speed, and may control the speed at which the air from the firing chamber is drawn through the gas flow rate control valve according to the evacuation speed, so as to control the rate of lifting of the bullet.
In some embodiments, an electronic control system may also be coupled to the hydraulic station 130 and may be used to control the power provided by the hydraulic station to the control assembly.
In some embodiments, the electronic control system may be further configured to control the launcher assembly to launch bullets at a preset frequency.
It should be noted that the preset frequency may be set as required.
The pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device comprises an emitter assembly, a control assembly, a hydraulic station, vacuum pumping equipment, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, an anvil and a base; wherein the emitter assembly is arranged on the base and is used for emitting bullets to the anvil positioned below the bullets so as to generate earthquake waves through the impact of the bullets on the anvil; wherein the launcher assembly comprises a bullet; the control assembly is connected with the emitter assembly and used for controlling the movement of the emitter assembly; the hydraulic station is connected with the control assembly and is used for providing power for the movement of the control assembly; the vacuumizing device is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for extracting air in the emitter assembly after the bullet is emitted, so that the bullet returns to the emission position of the emitter assembly again; and the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for providing power for the bullet through compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder. Therefore, the kinetic energy can be provided for the bullet based on the gas pressure of the compressed nitrogen and the weight of the bullet, so that the bullet can impact the anvil, and earthquake waves can be obtained effectively.
In order to clearly illustrate the above embodiments of the present application, the following detailed description is made with reference to examples.
As an example, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle-mounted pneumatic drop hammer type controllable impact seismic source device (denoted as a pneumatic drop hammer type seismic source excitation device in the present application) provided in the present application; wherein, the reference numeral 41 in fig. 4 is an emitter assembly, the reference numeral 42 in fig. 4 is a movement mechanism (herein denoted as a control assembly), the reference numeral 43 in fig. 4 is a hydraulic station, the reference numeral 44 in fig. 4 is a vacuum-pumping device (herein denoted as a vacuum-pumping apparatus), the reference numeral 45 in fig. 4 is a high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder, the reference numeral 46 in fig. 4 is an anvil, and the reference numeral 47 in fig. 4 is a cart (herein denoted as a base).
The vehicle-mounted pneumatic drop hammer type controllable impact seismic source equipment can further comprise an electric control system. The electronic control system may be used to control the emitter assembly 41, the hydraulic station 43 and the evacuation device 44.
It should be noted that, the electric control system may be an intelligent remote control system formed by developing a man-machine interaction interface and an intelligent microprocessor, the control precision can reach 0.01Mpa, the adopted touch control screen can directly input the required pressure for use, and meanwhile, the manual operation buttons can be configured to have a double control function, and special treatment can be adopted to eliminate electromagnetic interference signals.
As shown in fig. 5 (a) and (b), the emitter assembly 41 may include a gas chamber 51, a gas inlet pipe 52, an emitter tube 53, an emitter chamber 54, a support 55, a solenoid valve (referred to herein as a control valve) 56, a pressure transmitter 57, and a bullet 58.
The air chamber 51 may be a closed cylindrical cylinder, and the air chamber 51 may be connected to the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 through an air inlet pipe 52.
It will be appreciated that during an impact operation, the pressure energy of the compressed nitrogen may be converted into ultra-high kinetic energy of the bullet 58 within the air chamber 51 to effect an impact against the anvil 46 to generate a seismic wave. And under the condition that the stress area of the air chamber is unchanged, the pressure energy and the pressure intensity are in positive correlation, namely, the larger the pressure intensity is, the larger the pressure energy is. Therefore, in the application, the control of the earthquake waves can be realized by monitoring the gas pressure in the gas chamber and controlling the gas pressure in the gas chamber to control the kinetic energy or energy of the bullet striking the anvil.
In the present application, the gas amount of the compressed nitrogen gas flowing from the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 into the gas chamber 51 can be quantitatively controlled by an electric control system; during an impact operation, when a bullet needs to be fired to the anvil 46, the control system may perform a first monitoring of the gas pressure of the gas chamber 51 to obtain a first pressure; when the first pressure is smaller than the target pressure, compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 45 can be input into the air chamber 51, and the air pressure of the air chamber 51 is subjected to second monitoring to obtain a second pressure; when the second pressure is not less than the target pressure, the supply of the compressed nitrogen gas in the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 to the gas chamber may be stopped. Further, in the case where the pressure of the air chamber 51 is the target pressure, the energy required when the bullet hits the anvil can be obtained.
It can be understood that when the pressure in the air chamber 51 is greater than the first set threshold, the compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 45 can be stopped from being delivered to the air chamber 51, so that the air chamber damage caused by the overlarge air pressure of the air chamber can be effectively avoided; when the pressure in the gas chamber 51 is less than the second set threshold, compressed nitrogen may be replenished to the gas chamber 51. The first setting threshold and the second setting threshold may be preset, and may be set according to actual needs.
It is understood that the target pressure may not be greater than the first set threshold.
Wherein, the emitting tube 53 can be made of alloy steel, and the emitting tube 53 can be provided with an air outlet; the bullet 58 is arranged in the firing cavity 54, and the inner wall of the cavity is smooth; a mount 55 is located at the lower portion of the emitter assembly 41 and may be used to connect the movement mechanism 42; the solenoid valve 56 may be used to control the amount of gas of the chamber gas flowing from the chamber 51 to the emitter tube; the pressure transducer 57 may be used to control the pressure of the chamber gas flowing from the chamber 51 to the firing tube so that the kinetic energy of impact of the bullet 58 may be varied.
Wherein, the bullet 58 is positioned in the firing cavity 54 and is tightly attached to the firing tube 53; the bullet 58 may be cylindrical in shape and its mass may vary with the length of the bullet, and different frequency waveform excitations may be achieved by varying the mass of the bullet 58. It will be appreciated that where the bullet density and bullet radius are constant, the bullet mass is positively related to the bullet length and this relationship can be expressed using the following equation:
；（4）
wherein m is the bullet mass, ρ is the bullet density, r is the bullet radius, and h is the bullet length.
The inventors of the present application have found in the course of research into the exploration that the frequency of the excitation of the seismic waves can be controlled by controlling the bullet length of the bullets in the firing chamber.
Thus, in the present application, after the bullet length of the bullet is determined, the launcher assembly may be controlled by the electronic control system to launch the bullet at a preset frequency.
As shown in fig. 6, the movement mechanism 42 may include a hydraulic cylinder 61, a motor 62, a screw 63, a base 64, and a movement bracket (referred to as a movement support bracket in this application) 65.
The hydraulic cylinder 61 may be connected to the base 64 and the moving bracket 65 by bolts, and the hydraulic cylinder may be chrome plated. In the present application, the angle of the included angle between the emitter tube 53 and the ground can be adjusted by controlling the movement of the hydraulic rod inside the hydraulic cylinder 61, so as to achieve the adjustment of 0 ° to 90 ° between the emitter assembly 41 and the ground.
Wherein the motor 62 and the screw 63 may be connected by bolts. In the present application, the up-and-down movement of the screw 63 may be implemented by a motor.
The screw 63 can be connected to the movement support 65 by two nuts. In this application, the distance between the emitter assembly 41 (or the emitter tube 53) and the ground may be controlled by the up and down movement of the screw 63.
The base 54 can be connected with a carriage bottom plate of the matching vehicle 47 and the moving bracket 65 through screws and can be used for supporting a moving mechanism; the motion bracket 55 is connected to a mount 55 in the emitter assembly 41.
The hydraulic station 43 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 61 and the motor 62, and may be used to power the hydraulic cylinder and the motor, and the hydraulic station 43 may be fixed to a bed plate of the cart 47 by screws.
Wherein the evacuation device 44 is connected to the firing tube 53 and is operable to draw gas from within the firing chamber 54 after a bullet strikes the steel plate to allow the bullet 58 to be re-suspended to the upper portion of the launcher assembly 41 under atmospheric pressure. The vacuumizing device 44 may further be provided with a gas flow valve for controlling the speed of the extracted gas, so as to control the lifting speed of the bullet, so as to avoid the problem that the bullet damages the emitter assembly 41 due to the high speed of the extracted gas.
The high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 is a high-pressure resistant gas cylinder, and can be connected with the gas chamber 51 through the gas inlet pipe 52. A valve switch may be provided on top of the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 45 to control the outflow of gas. The high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 can be further provided with a one-way control valve, and when the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 is inflated through the air compressor, the input to the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 can be controlled through controlling the one-way control valve.
The anvil 46 is a rectangular steel plate, and during impact operation, the anvil 46 can be positioned below the bullet, so that the problem that the ground collapses due to the fact that the bullet falls down to directly impact the ground can be effectively prevented.
The cart 6 can be used for loading and fixing the emitter assembly 41, the movement mechanism 42, the hydraulic station 43, the vacuum device 44 and the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45. It should be noted that, at different operation sites, different vehicle types can be selected.
The specific operation process of the vehicle-mounted pneumatic drop hammer type controllable impact seismic source equipment can be divided into the following processes:
1. control process of movement mechanism
In the case where the transmitter assembly 41 is horizontal, the cart 47 travels to an impact operation point where an impact operation needs to be performed. Moving a hydraulic rod inside a hydraulic cylinder 61 in the movement mechanism 42 to set an included angle between a movement bracket 65 and a base 64 in the movement mechanism 42 to be 90 degrees, thereby realizing suspension placement of the emitter assembly 41; then, by controlling the screw 63 to move up and down by the motor 62, the emitter assembly 41 (or the emitter tube 53) is also moved up and down, and the distance between the emitter assembly 41 and the anvil 46 placed on the ground can be adjusted, so that the air chamber can be waited for to be inflated to perform an impact operation.
2. Control process of air chamber pressure
When the impact work is performed, it may be determined preferentially whether or not the gas pressure in the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 is suitable for performing the impact work, and in the case where the impact work is unsuitable for performing, the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 may be inflated by the air compressor. Specifically, when the gas pressure in the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 is lower than the third set threshold, which indicates that the impact operation is not suitable to be performed, the air compressor may be turned on and the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 may be inflated through the one-way electromagnetic valve provided in the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45; when the gas pressure in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is higher than the fourth set threshold, the impact operation is indicated to be suitable for execution, and the air compressor can stop working.
Then, the solenoid valve 56 on the right side of the gas chamber 51 may be opened by the control system, and then compressed nitrogen may flow from the high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinder 45 to the gas chamber 51 through the gas inlet pipe 52 until the gas pressure of the gas chamber 51 is greater than or equal to the target pressure, and the input of compressed nitrogen to the gas chamber 51 may be stopped.
It should be noted that when the gas pressure of the gas chamber 51 is equal to or higher than the target pressure, it is indicated that the bullet energy required by the worker concerned can be obtained.
It should also be noted that the control system may also be used to obtain the target pressure. Specifically, the control system may obtain the coal mine detection depth input by the user, and may automatically determine the target pressure using formulas (1), (2), and (3) based on the coal mine detection depth.
3. Control process of bullet impact and rebound
Control process of bullet impact: before the bullet is not fired, since the firing chamber 54 above the bullet 58 is evacuated, the bullet 58 hangs vertically on top of the firing chamber 54 under the influence of the atmospheric pressure below; when the impact operation is performed, the solenoid valve and the pressure transmitter 57 in the transmitter assembly 41 are opened, the air chamber air in the air chamber rapidly enters the transmitting cavity 54, and the air pressure above the bullet is far greater than the air pressure below, so that the bullet rapidly impacts the anvil 46 downwards under the action of the pressure difference, thereby generating earthquake waves.
Control process of bullet lifting: after the bullet strikes the anvil 46, the vacuum extractor 44 may be used to extract the gas from the firing chamber, gradually bringing the bullet up to a vacuum, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the bullet moves upward and returns to the firing position again; during the bullet lifting process, the speed of the lifting speed of the bullet (referred to as lifting speed in this application) can be controlled by controlling the speed of the gas pumping through a gas flow valve provided in the vacuum pumping device 44.
Finally, the cart 47 may be moved to the next impact point and the impact operation may be re-performed as described above.
Therefore, the vehicle-mounted pneumatic drop hammer type controllable impact seismic source device can enable the bullet to impact the anvil based on a power source provided by high-pressure gas and the dead weight of the bullet, so that earthquake waves are generated, and further the geological structure of the coal mine can be detected by utilizing a seismic exploration means.
In summary, the vehicle-mounted pneumatic drop hammer type controllable impact seismic source equipment can realize controllable output of earthquake wave energy and waveforms by controlling the air pressure and bullet length in the emitter assembly on one hand; on the other hand, the horizontal and vertical of the emitter assembly can be controlled through the movement mechanism, and repeated stable excitation and efficient operation of the seismic source can be realized.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and additional implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order from that shown or discussed, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present invention.
Logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. As with the other embodiments, if implemented in hardware, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps carried out in the method of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like. While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. The utility model provides a pneumatic drop hammer type focus excitation device which characterized in that, the device includes transmitter subassembly, control assembly, hydraulic pressure station, evacuation equipment, high-pressure nitrogen bottle, anvil and base, wherein:
the emitter assembly is arranged on the base and is used for emitting the bullet to the anvil positioned below the bullet so as to generate earthquake waves through the impact of the bullet on the anvil; wherein the launcher assembly comprises the bullet;
the control assembly is connected with the emitter assembly and used for controlling the movement of the emitter assembly;
the hydraulic station is connected with the control assembly and is used for providing power for the movement of the control assembly;
the vacuumizing device is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for extracting air in the emitter assembly after the bullet is emitted, so that the bullet returns to the emitting position of the emitter assembly again;
the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for providing power for the bullet through compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electronic control system; wherein,
the electronic control system is connected with the emitter assembly and is used for controlling compressed nitrogen conveyed from the high-pressure nitrogen bottle to the emitter assembly;
the electronic control system is also connected with the vacuumizing equipment and used for controlling the vacuumizing equipment to extract air in the transmitting cavity in the transmitter assembly;
the electric control system is also connected with the hydraulic station and used for controlling the power provided by the hydraulic station to the control assembly.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the emitter assembly further comprises a plenum, an air inlet tube, an emitter tube, a support, a control valve, wherein:
the air chamber is connected with the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder through the air inlet pipe so as to convert the pressure energy of the compressed nitrogen input into the air chamber from the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder into the kinetic energy of the bullet in the air chamber;
the emission tube is provided with an air outlet hole so as to exchange air with the external environment of the emitter assembly through the air outlet hole; the bullet is arranged in the launching cavity;
the support is connected with the control assembly and used for controlling the movement of the emitter assembly in a combined mode with the control assembly;
the control valve is used for controlling the gas in the gas chamber flowing from the gas chamber to the transmitting pipe.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the transmitter assembly further comprises a pressure transmitter; the pressure transmitter is used for controlling the gas pressure of the gas chamber gas flowing from the gas chamber to the transmitting pipe.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said controlling compressed nitrogen delivered from said high pressure nitrogen cylinder to said emitter assembly comprises:
in response to firing a bullet to the anvil, first monitoring a gas pressure of the gas chamber to obtain a first pressure;
responding to the first pressure being smaller than the target pressure, inputting compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder to the air chamber, and performing second monitoring on the air pressure of the air chamber to obtain a second pressure;
and stopping inputting the compressed nitrogen in the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder to the gas chamber in response to the second pressure not being smaller than the target pressure.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the electronic control system is further configured to obtain the target pressure;
the obtaining of the target pressure comprises the following steps:
acquiring the detection depth of a coal mine;
and determining the target pressure based on the coal mine detection depth.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the determining the target pressure based on the coal mine detection depth comprises:
inquiring the earthquake focus impact energy corresponding to the coal mine detection depth according to the coal mine detection depth;
determining a target speed at which the bullet strikes the anvil based on the source impact energy and the mass of the bullet;
determining an impact acceleration of the bullet based on the target speed;
and determining the target pressure according to the impact acceleration and the diameter of the air inlet pipe.
8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the electronic control system is further configured to control the launcher assembly to launch bullets at a preset frequency.
9. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the control assembly comprises a hydraulic ram, a motor, a screw, a motion support frame, and a base; wherein, the lead screw and the support in the emitter component are arranged on the motion supporting frame; the motion support frame is connected with the base; the hydraulic oil cylinder is connected with the base and the motion supporting frame; the motor is connected with the screw rod;
the hydraulic oil cylinder is used for adjusting the angle of a first included angle between the moving support frame and the base by controlling the expansion and contraction of a hydraulic rod in the hydraulic oil cylinder so as to adjust the angle of a second included angle between the emitter assembly and the ground;
the motor is used for adjusting the distance between the emitter component and the ground by controlling the up-and-down movement of the screw rod.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the hydraulic station is coupled to the hydraulic ram and the motor for providing power to the hydraulic ram and the motor, respectively.
11. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said evacuation device is connected to said firing tube for drawing air from said firing chamber after said bullet is fired to return said bullet to the firing position of said launcher assembly.
12. The apparatus of any one of claims 2-11, further comprising a gas flow rate control valve;
the electronic control system is connected with the gas flow rate control valve and is also used for monitoring the speed of the vacuumizing equipment for pumping air in the emission cavity in the emitter assembly so as to obtain the pumping speed; and controlling the speed of extracting the air in the firing cavity through the air flow rate control valve according to the air extraction speed so as to control the lifting speed of the bullet.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118655624B (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2025-08-15 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for detecting abnormal region of coal rock mass structure |
| CN118642165B (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2025-04-15 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Source excitation device |
| CN118655613B (en) * | 2024-06-06 | 2025-03-04 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Source excitation device |
| CN119471788A (en) * | 2025-01-14 | 2025-02-18 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Geological exploration equipment |
| CN119471796B (en) * | 2025-01-14 | 2025-04-01 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | A high-frequency, high-energy, repeatable impact source system and impact method |
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