CN117518474A - A high-brightness polarization-insensitive binocular AR glasses - Google Patents
A high-brightness polarization-insensitive binocular AR glasses Download PDFInfo
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- CN117518474A CN117518474A CN202311307841.2A CN202311307841A CN117518474A CN 117518474 A CN117518474 A CN 117518474A CN 202311307841 A CN202311307841 A CN 202311307841A CN 117518474 A CN117518474 A CN 117518474A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
- G02B27/0037—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration with diffracting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/18—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and objective
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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Abstract
The invention discloses a highlight polarization insensitive binocular AR glasses, comprising: the micro-projection unit comprises a micro-optical machine and a turning prism, wherein the exit pupil position of the micro-optical machine corresponds to the incident end face of the turning prism, and the turning prism is used for deflecting projection light rays emitted by the micro-optical machine; the diffractive optical waveguide unit comprises a waveguide plate and coupling-in elements, a first turning element, a second turning element, a first coupling-out element and a second coupling-out element which are all attached to the waveguide plate, wherein: the coupling-in element is a first binary grating and is provided with a high-refraction conformal film layer, and is used for coupling projection light deflected by the turning prism into the waveguide plate; each turning element corresponds to the coupling-out element one by one and is used for transmitting the projection light coupled into the waveguide plate to the corresponding coupling-out element after expanding; each coupling-out element is a second binary grating and is used for coupling the extended projection light to human eyes. The device has the characteristics of low cost, high brightness and insensitive polarization, can improve the use experience of users, and is suitable for different micro-optical machines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of AR display, and particularly relates to binocular AR glasses insensitive to highlight polarization.
Background
The AR glasses consist of two parts, a microlight engine and an optical waveguide, wherein the microlight engine has various display technologies capable of providing polarized or unpolarized images for the optical waveguide; the diffraction optical waveguide is light and thin, high in transmittance, large in eye movement range, large in eye distance and large in field angle, and can be used for carrying out master plate making and mass copying by a nano imprinting technology based on a semiconductor processing technology, so that cost can be effectively reduced, and the diffraction optical waveguide is a mainstream scheme in the prior AR glasses.
In the current binocular AR glasses, one scheme consists of a left micro-light engine, a right micro-light engine, a left diffraction optical waveguide and a right diffraction optical waveguide, so that corresponding virtual images are provided for the left eye and the right eye. The coupling-in grating can be an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a stepped grating with higher coupling-in efficiency, so that light output by the micro-optical machine can be coupled into the optical waveguide with higher efficiency, is transmitted based on total reflection, and enters human eyes through the expansion grating and the coupling-out grating; the other scheme is that the light-emitting device consists of a single micro-light engine, the left eye and the right eye waveguide sheets are integrated, light output by the micro-light engine is coupled into waveguides corresponding to the left eye and the right eye by using a coupling-in grating shared by the left eye and the right eye, the light is transmitted based on total reflection, and finally the light enters the human eye through an expansion grating and a coupling-out grating.
In the current binocular AR glasses scheme based on the diffraction optical waveguide, for the first scheme, the coupling-in grating can use gratings with higher coupling-in efficiency, such as an inclined grating, a blazed grating, a step grating and the like, so that the efficiency of the whole diffraction optical waveguide is higher, but a group of micro-optical machines and diffraction waveguide sheets are respectively needed for left eyes and right eyes so as to combine a set of binocular AR glasses, and the cost of the micro-optical machines in the AR glasses is higher, so that the overall cost of the binocular AR glasses is higher under the condition of using the double optical machines, and the popularization of the AR glasses in a C-end market (consumer market) is not facilitated; for the second scheme, the whole AR glasses share one coupling grating, so the coupling grating needs to be a binary grating, the coupling efficiency of the left and right eye diffraction waveguide sheets is guaranteed to be the same, one micro-optical engine can be saved in the scheme, and compared with the first scheme, the whole cost is lower, but due to the fact that the binary grating is used, the coupling efficiency is lower, the incident brightness of the AR glasses is far lower than that of the first scheme, and therefore the AR glasses cannot be used in a brighter environment. Meanwhile, in the two schemes, the coupling-out grating generally uses a one-dimensional grating, such as an inclined grating, a blazed grating or a binary grating, and the like, and the grating is generally sensitive to polarization, and on one hand, the output light of different types of micro-light engines can be polarized light or unpolarized light; meanwhile, when the light beam is transmitted in the optical waveguide and interacts with the grating, the polarization state of the light beam changes, and finally, when the light beam interacts with the one-dimensional grating of the coupling-out area, the light beam comprises linear polarization, circular polarization, elliptical polarization and non-polarization, so that the brightness uniformity and efficiency of the coupled-out image are reduced. Thus, there is a need for high brightness, polarization insensitive, low cost binocular AR eyewear.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the binocular AR glasses insensitive to highlight polarization, which have the characteristics of low cost, high brightness and insensitive polarization, can improve the use experience of users, and are suitable for different types of micro-optical machines.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a highlight polarization insensitive binocular AR (AR) glasses, which comprises a micro-projection unit and a diffraction optical waveguide unit, wherein:
the micro-projection unit comprises a micro-optical machine and a turning prism, wherein the exit pupil position of the micro-optical machine is correspondingly arranged with the incident end face of the turning prism, and the turning prism is used for deflecting projection light rays emitted by the micro-optical machine;
the diffractive optical waveguide unit comprises a waveguide plate and coupling-in elements, a first turning element, a second turning element, a first coupling-out element and a second coupling-out element which are all attached to the waveguide plate, wherein:
the thickness of the waveguide plate is 0.3 mm-1.2 mm, and the refractive index is 1.6-2.5;
the coupling element is a first binary grating with the period of 300-500 nm, one side far away from the waveguide plate is provided with a high-refraction conformal film layer, the thickness of the high-refraction conformal film layer is 10-80 nm, the refractive index is greater than 2.0, and the coupling element is also arranged corresponding to the emergent end face of the turning prism and is used for coupling projection light deflected by the turning prism into the waveguide plate for total reflection;
each turning element corresponds to the coupling-out element one by one and is used for expanding the projection light coupled into the waveguide plate and then transmitting the projection light to the corresponding coupling-out element;
each coupling-out element is corresponding to human eyes one by one and is a second binary grating with Px direction period and Py direction period, the Py direction period is 300 nm-500 nm, and the Px direction period P x Satisfy the following requirementsWherein λ is the wavelength, n i The refractive index of the incident medium is 1.6-2.5, n s The refractive index of the corresponding coupling-out element is 1.6-2.5, and each coupling-out element is used for coupling the extended projection light out of the waveguide plate and into human eyes.
Preferably, the micro-projection unit further comprises a polarization unit for eliminating ghost images, and the polarization unit is positioned on the incident end face or the emergent end face of the turning prism.
Preferably, the polarizing element is a circular polarizer or a quarter wave plate.
Preferably, the waveguide plate is formed by processing a glass wafer or a polymer resin wafer.
Preferably, the first turning element and the second turning element are both expansion gratings.
Preferably, the high-folding conformal film layer is made of one of TiO2, ta2O5 and ZrO 2.
Preferably, the coupling-in element is a one-dimensional surface relief grating, and is provided with a plurality of periodically distributed polygonal grating ridges, the high-refraction conformal film layer covers each polygonal grating ridge, and the thicknesses of all sides of the polygonal grating ridges are the same or different.
Preferably, each of the outcoupling elements is a two-dimensional rectangular grating or a two-dimensional elliptical grating.
Preferably, the Micro-optical engine is one of a DLP optical engine, a Micro LED optical engine, an LCOS optical engine and an LBS optical engine.
Preferably, the micro-projection unit is located on the same side or on the different side of the diffractive optical waveguide unit as the human eye.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the coupling-in element and the coupling-out element are improved, the polarization unit is added on the incident end surface or the emergent end surface of the turning prism, the coupled-in brightness can be increased, the coupled-out polarization sensitivity characteristic is reduced, and ghost images between the micro-projection unit and the diffraction optical waveguide unit are eliminated, specifically, the coupling-in efficiency and uniformity of the coupling-in element are effectively improved through the use of the high-refraction conformal film layer in the coupling-in area, and as the micro-projection unit can be a different type optical machine, the output light can be linear polarization, circular polarization or elliptical polarization and non-polarization, the polarization can be changed through interaction with the optical grating and in the total reflection transmission process, the light in the coupling-out area contains various polarization states, and if the polarization sensitive optical grating is used, the coupling-out efficiency can be greatly changed, so that the brightness uniformity of the coupled-out image is affected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pair of polarization insensitive binocular AR glasses of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a micro-projection unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a diffractive optical waveguide unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the coupling element of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the coupling efficiency of each color light at different incident angles of the prior art coupling-in device;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the coupling efficiency of the coupling-in element according to the present invention for each color light at different incident angles;
FIG. 7 is a graph of T-1 order efficiency change for various polarization states of a prior art outcoupling element at different angles of incidence;
FIG. 8 is a graph of R0 order efficiency change for various polarization states of a prior art outcoupling element at different angles of incidence;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coupling-out element of the present invention when it is a two-dimensional rectangular grating;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional elliptical grating coupling-out device according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the T-1 order efficiency change of the coupling-out element of the present invention for each polarization state at different angles of incidence;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the R0 order efficiency change of the coupling-out element of the present invention for each polarization state at different angles of incidence;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the highlight polarization insensitive binocular AR glasses of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a micro projection unit; 2. a diffraction optical waveguide unit; 3. a human eye; 11. turning the prism; 12. micro-optical machine; 21. a waveguide plate; 22. a coupling element; 23. a first turning element; 24. a second turning element; 25. a first coupling-out element; 26. a second coupling-out element; 201. a first binary grating; 202. a high-folding conformal film layer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-12, a highlight polarization insensitive binocular AR glasses comprising a micro-projection unit 1 and a diffractive optical waveguide unit 2, wherein:
the micro-projection unit 1 comprises a micro-optical machine 12 and a turning prism 11, wherein the exit pupil position of the micro-optical machine 12 is arranged corresponding to the incident end face of the turning prism 11, and the turning prism 11 is used for deflecting projection light rays emitted by the micro-optical machine 12;
the diffractive optical waveguide unit 2 comprises a waveguide plate 21 and coupling-in elements 22, a first turning element 23, a second turning element 24, a first coupling-out element 25 and a second coupling-out element 26, all attached to the waveguide plate, wherein:
the waveguide plate 21 has a thickness of 0.3mm to 1.2mm and a refractive index of 1.6 to 2.5;
the coupling-in element 22 is a first binary grating 201 with a period of 300-500 nm, one side far away from the waveguide plate 21 is provided with a high-refraction conformal film 202, the thickness of the high-refraction conformal film is 10-80 nm, the refractive index is larger than 2.0, and the coupling-in element 22 is also arranged corresponding to the emergent end face of the turning prism 11 and is used for coupling the projection light deflected by the turning prism 11 into the waveguide plate 21 for total reflection;
each turning element corresponds to the coupling-out element one by one and is used for expanding the projection light coupled into the waveguide plate 21 and then transmitting the projection light to the corresponding coupling-out element;
the coupling-out elements are corresponding to the human eyes 3 one by one and are second binary gratings with Px direction period and Py direction period, the Py direction period is 300 nm-500 nm, and the Px direction period P x Satisfy the following requirementsWherein λ is the wavelength, n i The refractive index of the incident medium is 1.6-2.5, n s The refractive index of the corresponding coupling-out element is 1.6-2.5, and each coupling-out element is used for coupling the extended projection light out of the waveguide plate 21 into the human eye 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the binocular AR glasses include a micro projection unit 1 and a diffractive optical waveguide unit 2. The micro-projection unit 1 includes a turning prism 11 and a micro-optical machine 12, the micro-optical machine 12 can output virtual content with high brightness, high uniformity and high imaging quality, the turning prism 11 can deflect the virtual content output by the micro-optical machine by a preset angle, for example, the turning prism 11 deflects the projection light emitted by the micro-optical machine 12 by 90 ° by adopting a right-angle turning prism, so as to enter the diffractive optical waveguide unit 2, as shown in fig. 2. Meanwhile, the incident end face of the turning prism 11 corresponds to the micro-optical machine 12, and the exit end face of the direct turning prism 11 corresponds to the coupling-in element 22 of the diffractive optical waveguide unit 2. The micro-projection unit 1 may output a virtual image or virtual video and couple out into the human eye 3 through the diffractive optical waveguide unit 2, so that the human eye can see a real world scene while viewing virtual contents.
The diffractive optical waveguide unit 2 comprises a waveguide plate 21 having a thickness of 0.3mm to 1.2mm and a refractive index of between 1.6 and 2.5, and coupling-in elements 22, first turning elements 23, second turning elements 24, first coupling-out elements 25 and second coupling-out elements 26 on the waveguide plate 21, as shown in fig. 3. Waveguide plates are widely used because of their light and thin profile, high light transmittance, large eye movement range, large eye distance, and large field angle, such as light transmittance >80%, eye movement range >10 x 8mm, eye distance >15mm. In comparison to prior art coupling-in elements, the binocular AR spectacles are preferably formed with binary gratings, such as a surface relief diffraction grating, for the coupling-in element 22 to ensure that the resulting t+1 and T-1 orders have the same energy, in order to improve coupling-in efficiency and uniformity. The period of the coupling-in element 22 is in the horizontal direction (X direction), i.e. the same direction as the Px direction of the coupling-out element, and the period Pin is between 300nm and 500 nm. And a high-refraction film layer (namely, a high-refraction conformal film layer 202) with a certain thickness and conformality is plated on the binary grating 201 by an ALD (atomic layer deposition) method, wherein the high-refraction conformal film layer is made of a material with a very high refractive index, such as a material with a refractive index greater than 2.0, and a film layer structure with the same shape as the grating is plated by an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technology, such as TiO2, ta2O5 or ZrO2 material, and the like, and the thickness T is preferably between 10nm and 80nm, and the refractive index is 2.2-2.8, so that the coupling efficiency and uniformity of different wavelengths are improved.
FIG. 5 shows the coupling efficiency and uniformity of different colors of light (blue-green-red) at an incident angle of-14 to 14℃using a prior art binary grating (uncoated) as a coupling element, wherein the average efficiency of blue light (efficiency@460 nm) is 22.12%, the average efficiency of green light (efficiency@530 nm) is 5.7%, and the average efficiency of red light (efficiency@620 nm) is 13.88%; the uniformity of blue light was 76%, the uniformity of green light was 13.8%, and the uniformity of red light was 71.55%.
FIG. 6 shows the coupling-in efficiency and uniformity of different colors of light (blue-green-red) at an incident angle of-14 to 14℃when the binary grating (coated film) of the present application is used as a coupling-in element, wherein the average efficiency of blue light (efficiency@460 nm) is 33.4%, the average efficiency of green light (efficiency@530 nm) is 16%, and the average efficiency of red light (efficiency@620 nm) is 24%; the uniformity of blue light was 13.4%, the uniformity of green light was 27.4%, and the uniformity of red light was 16.5%.
Wherein, uniformity is defined as ue= (Emax-Emin)/(emax+emin), emax is the maximum efficiency in the incident angle range at the preset wavelength, emin is the minimum efficiency in the incident angle range at the preset wavelength, and the lower the value of uniformity is, the better. In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the coupling efficiency of the binary grating coated with the film is improved by about 10% on average, the uniformity is improved by about 55% on average, and the coupling efficiency and the uniformity can be effectively improved by using the high-refraction conformal film layer.
In conventional solutions, the first and second outcoupling elements 25, 26 typically employ a one-dimensional (1D) periodic diffraction grating, by using the R0 and T-1 orders of the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, an expansion is achieved and the projection light of the image is coupled out of the waveguide plate 21 and into the human eye 3. However, the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating is sensitive to polarization, and the efficiency will be greatly different in different polarization states, and fig. 7 and 8 are diagrams showing the variation of the efficiency of the T-1 order and the R0 order under a certain incident angle when the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating is used in different polarization states including Ex polarization (X-direction polarization), ey polarization (Y-direction polarization), circular polarization and elliptical polarization, and OG-1D-T-1Ex T [ -1 in fig. 7; 0 represents the X-direction polarized transmission-1 order under the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-T-1Ey T < -1 >; 0 represents the Y-direction polarized transmission-1 order under the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-T-1Ecir T < -1 >; 0 represents the transmission-1 order of circular polarization under a one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-T-1Eell T < -1 >; 0 represents the elliptical polarization transmission-1 order under a one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-R0 Ex R [ 0] in FIG. 8; 0 represents the X-direction polarized reflection 0 order under the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-R0 EyR 0;0 represents the Y-direction polarized reflection 0 order under the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-R0 Ecir R0; 0 represents the circular polarization reflection 0 order under the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating, OG-1D-R0 Eell R0; 0 represents the elliptical polarization reflection order 0 under the one-dimensional periodic diffraction grating.
Fig. 7 shows the change in the T-1 order efficiency of the 1D outcoupling element in different polarization states, and fig. 8 shows the change in the R0 order efficiency of the 1D outcoupling element in different polarization states. As can be seen from fig. 7, when the Ex polarized light and the Ey polarized light are incident, the maximum coupling efficiency is about 23% different when the light is incident at-34 °; as can be seen from fig. 8, the maximum coupling efficiency at-34 ° incidence differs by about 43% when Ex polarized light and Ey polarized light are incident.
Since the micro-projection unit 1 may be a different type of optical machine, the output light may be linear polarized light, circular polarized light or elliptical polarized light and non-polarized light, and the polarization may be changed through interaction with the grating and in the process of total reflection transmission, the light in the coupling-out region includes various polarization states, if a polarization sensitive one-dimensional grating is used, the coupling-out efficiency may be greatly changed, and thus the brightness uniformity of the coupled image is affected, so that a polarization insensitive grating needs to be used in the coupling-out region to improve the uniformity of the coupled image.
Fig. 9 and fig10 are two 2D grating schematic diagrams (XY plane) of the coupling-out element, wherein the period in Py direction is generally between 300nm and 500nm to ensure that the period in Px direction is generally required to satisfy the requirements of generating zero order and first diffraction orderTo ensure that only zero order exists. Wherein λ is the wavelength, n i N is the refractive index of the incident medium s To correspond to the refractive index of the coupling-out element, n i Generally between 1.6 and 2.5, n s Generally between 1.6 and 2.5, which may be the same or different. The Py direction and the Px direction are perpendicular to each other.
Fig. 11 shows the change in the T-1 order efficiency of the 2D outcoupling element in different polarization states, and fig. 12 shows the change in the R0 order efficiency of the 2D outcoupling element in different polarization states. FIG. 11 shows the variation of T-1 order efficiency at different angles of incidence when the period in the Px direction and the period in the Py direction satisfy the above conditions using a 2D grating as the coupling-out element, and shows that the maximum efficiency deviation is about 2.3% and the corresponding polarization is Ex polarization and Ey polarization when the corresponding incident angle is-34 DEG, ex T < -1 > in the figure; 0 represents the X-direction polarization transmission-1 order under the 2D grating, ey T < -1 >; 0 represents Y-direction polarization transmission-1 order under 2D grating, ecir T [ -1;0 represents the transmission-1 order of circular polarization under the 2D grating, and Eell T < -1 >; 0 represents the elliptical polarization transmission-1 order under a 2D grating. FIG. 12 is a graph showing the R0 order efficiency change at different angles of incidence when the Px and Py directions of light have different polarization states using the same 2D grating as the coupling-out element, and the maximum efficiency deviation is about 3%, and the corresponding polarizations are Ex and Ey polarization states at an incidence angle of-54 degrees, OG-2D-R0 Ex R [0;0 represents the polarization reflection of X direction under 2D grating for 0 order, OG-2D-R0 EyR 0;0 represents the Y-direction polarized reflection 0 order under the 2D grating, OG-2D-R0 Ecir R0; 0 represents the circular polarization reflection 0 order under the 2D grating, OG-2D-R0 Eell R0; 0 represents the elliptical polarization reflection 0 order under a 2D grating.
In summary, the results according to fig. 5 and 6 prove that the efficiency and uniformity of the binary grating are effectively improved after the high-folding film deposition is performed on the binary grating by using the ALD technology in the coupling region; according to the results of fig. 7, 8, 11 and 12, it is proved that the efficiency of the 2D grating is greatly reduced on polarization sensitivity when light with different polarization is incident in the coupling-out region, such as the coupling-out order (T-1) and the expansion order (R0), so that the uniformity of the coupling-out image is improved.
In an embodiment, the micro-projection unit 1 further includes a polarizing unit for eliminating ghost images, and the polarizing unit is located on the incident end face or the exit end face of the turning prism 11. The polarization unit is used for realizing the function of eliminating ghost images, so that a better imaging effect is obtained.
In an embodiment, the polarizing element is a circular polarizer or a quarter-wave plate. Or may be replaced with other structures having the same function as those known to those skilled in the art.
In one embodiment, waveguide plate 21 is formed using a glass wafer or a polymer resin wafer. That is, the waveguide plate 21 may be made of glass or polymer resin, and has light and thin properties and high transmittance.
In an embodiment, the first turning element 25 and the second turning element 26 are both extended gratings. Such as a one-dimensional extended grating.
In one embodiment, the material of the high-refraction conformal film 202 is one of TiO2, ta2O5 and ZrO 2. Or may be other materials with high refractive index in the prior art.
In one embodiment, the coupling-in element 22 is a one-dimensional surface relief grating, which has a plurality of periodically distributed polygonal grating ridges, and the high-refraction conformal film 202 covers each polygonal grating ridge, and the thicknesses of the sides of the polygonal grating ridge are the same or different. Wherein, if the coupling-in element 22 is a rectangular grating, T1 is the thickness of the sinking film of the left side wall on the rectangular grating, T2 is the thickness of the sinking film of the top wall on the rectangular grating, T3 is the thickness of the sinking film of the right side wall on the rectangular grating, T4 is the thickness of the sinking film of the bottom wall on the rectangular grating, and the thickness of the sinking films on the different side walls can be the same or different, preferably 5nm to 70nm, as shown in fig. 4.
In an embodiment, each of the coupling-out elements is a two-dimensional rectangular grating or a two-dimensional elliptical grating. It will be readily appreciated that each of the coupling-out elements may also be a two-dimensional grating of any other shape, such as prismatic, cross-shaped, etc.
In one embodiment, the Micro-optical engine 12 is one of a DLP optical engine, a Micro LED optical engine, a LCOS optical engine, and an LBS optical engine.
In an embodiment, the micro-projection unit 1 and the human eye 3 are located on opposite sides of the diffractive optical waveguide unit 2. On the opposite side, the coupling-out level used by each coupling-out element may be R-1 level.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 13, based on embodiment 1, the difference is that: the micro-projection unit 1 is located on the same side of the diffractive optical waveguide unit 2 as the human eye 3. On the same side, the coupling-out level used by each coupling-out element may be T-1 level.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above-described embodiments are merely representative of the more specific and detailed embodiments described herein and are not to be construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
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| CN118276242A (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-07-02 | 江西凤凰光学科技有限公司 | An outcoupling grating, a diffractive optical waveguide and a wearable device |
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| CN118276242A (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-07-02 | 江西凤凰光学科技有限公司 | An outcoupling grating, a diffractive optical waveguide and a wearable device |
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