CN118049941B - Hole perpendicularity measuring device and measuring method based on two-dimensional position sensor - Google Patents
Hole perpendicularity measuring device and measuring method based on two-dimensional position sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN118049941B CN118049941B CN202410451888.4A CN202410451888A CN118049941B CN 118049941 B CN118049941 B CN 118049941B CN 202410451888 A CN202410451888 A CN 202410451888A CN 118049941 B CN118049941 B CN 118049941B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a hole perpendicularity measuring device and method based on a two-dimensional position sensor. The measuring device is provided with a point light source and a two-dimensional position sensor which are matched for use, and the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured can be measured by adopting only one sensor, so that the structure of the device is greatly simplified; moreover, the single-layer conical spring sleeve is replaced by a double-layer spring sleeve assembly, and the characteristics that the two layers of spring sleeves can move mutually are utilized, so that the jack hole withdrawing operation is smoother when the hole shaft is positioned.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement, in particular to a hole perpendicularity measuring device and method based on a two-dimensional position sensor.
Background
In aircraft structural assembly, hole perpendicularity directly affects fastener connection strength and is an important factor affecting assembly quality. At present, hole making operation in the aircraft structure assembling process is still mainly performed manually, and the phenomenon of out-of-tolerance of hole making verticality is unavoidable, so that in the process, verticality measurement is required to be performed on a machined hole so as to evaluate the hole making quality and correct the hole making quality in time, and the fault hole is prevented from entering the next assembling link, so that the cost is increased.
The conventional hole perpendicularity measuring device has low measuring precision and large volume, and cannot be truly suitable for an aircraft structure assembly production operation site. Such as: the invention discloses a handheld Kong Fashi precision detection device and a method thereof, which are disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN113483613A, and comprise the following steps: digital display angle ruler, control display module and transverse rotating mechanism, bearing mandrel, spherical rotating mechanism and elastic positioning mechanism. The invention innovatively converts Kong Fashi deviation into the rotation angle of the digital display angle ruler, and the measurement result is more stable and reliable. But the device need rotate more than half circle round hole axis in the measurement process, and measurement process is loaded down with trivial details, and the structure is not compact, is inconvenient for manual operation. Another example is: the invention patent with the publication number of CN114659485A discloses a compact high-precision hole verticality measuring device which comprises a displacement meter, a spherical bearing, a contact pin, a connecting shaft, a stop pin, a conical spring sleeve, a conical mandrel and other structures. The invention converts Kong Fashi deviation into displacement of three displacement meters at three points, thereby calculating the perpendicularity of the hole, and the device has compact structure, smaller volume and high measurement precision. But the device sensor quantity is many, the structure is complicated, the assembly requirement is high, and data processing process is complicated, and signal processing module is difficult to integrate on the device body, and portability is lower, is difficult to be applicable to aircraft structure assembly scene. Meanwhile, although the hole shaft positioning structure of the conical spring sleeve and the conical mandrel can realize accurate positioning of the axis of the hole to be measured, the conical mandrel is difficult to withdraw from the hole after the measurement is completed due to the self-locking function of the conical structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hole perpendicularity measuring device and a hole perpendicularity measuring method based on a two-dimensional position sensor, which are used for solving the problems that a sensor is complex in structure and a conical mandrel is difficult to withdraw on the basis of the prior art. The measuring device is provided with a point light source and a two-dimensional position sensor which are matched for use, and the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured can be measured by adopting only one sensor, so that the structure of the device is greatly simplified; moreover, the single-layer conical spring sleeve is replaced by a double-layer spring sleeve assembly, and the characteristics that the two layers of spring sleeves can move mutually are utilized, so that the jack hole withdrawing operation is smoother when the hole shaft is positioned.
Firstly, the invention provides a hole perpendicularity measuring device based on a two-dimensional position sensor, which comprises a shell, a hole perpendicularity measuring module, a plane normal positioning module and a hole shaft positioning module, wherein the hole perpendicularity measuring module is used for feeding back the perpendicularity of a hole to be measured, the plane normal positioning module is used for positioning the normal direction of the plane where the hole to be measured is positioned, the hole shaft positioning module is used for positioning the center line of the hole to be measured, the plane normal positioning module is arranged on the shell, and the hole perpendicularity measuring module comprises a two-dimensional position sensor arranged in the inner cavity of the shell; the hole shaft positioning module comprises a double-layer spring sleeve assembly, a conical mandrel, a light source clamp holder and a point light source; the tail end of the light source clamp holder is connected with the tail end of the conical mandrel into a whole and is arranged in the plane normal positioning module; the double-layer spring sleeve assembly comprises an outer-layer spring sleeve and an inner-layer spring sleeve which are in clearance fit, the inner-layer spring sleeve is detachably arranged on a conical measuring head of a conical mandrel, and the outer-layer spring sleeve is arranged outside the inner-layer spring sleeve and axially limited; the point light source is arranged at the working end of the light source holder, and the emitted linear light beam faces the signal receiving surface of the two-dimensional position sensor; the center line of the double-layer spring sleeve assembly, the center line of the conical mandrel and the direction of the linear light beam emitted by the point light source are parallel, and the linear light beam is used for representing the center line of the hole to be measured through the linear light beam and feeding back the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured through signals acquired by the two-dimensional position sensor.
The measuring device provided by the invention realizes the function of measuring the perpendicularity of the hole by utilizing a two-dimensional position sensor and a point light source to be matched with other structural members. Wherein the two-dimensional position sensor is a PSD position sensitive detector (Position Sensitive Detectors, PSD) or a CCD charge coupled device (Charge Coupled Device, CCD); the point light source is a laser light source or other common light sources with better directivity.
Further, the outer spring sleeve and the inner spring sleeve adopt elastic expansion sleeves or elastic collet chucks or other elastic parts, so that the opening end can be opened in a natural state, can be folded inwards when being subjected to radial acting force, and can be restored when the acting force is removed.
Further, the directions of the central line of the double-layer spring sleeve assembly, the central line of the conical mandrel and the linear light beam emitted by the point light source are collinear. "collinear" is an abbreviation for co-linear in space.
Further, one end of the inner layer spring sleeve is locked and installed on the conical measuring head of the conical mandrel through a stop pin, and a boss is arranged at the other end of the inner layer spring sleeve; the outer spring sleeve is sleeved on the inner spring sleeve, and the axial movement is limited by the stop pin and the boss.
Further, the plane normal positioning module comprises a spherical bearing, a bearing mounting seat, a bearing retainer ring and three contact pins; the spherical bearing is mounted in the bearing mounting seat in a limiting manner through the bearing retainer ring and is indirectly mounted on the shell through the bearing mounting seat; the spherical bearing is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the light source clamp holder or the tail end of the conical mandrel; the three contact pins are arranged on one side of the bearing retainer ring, which faces the conical measuring head of the conical mandrel, and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the conical mandrel.
Further, the hole perpendicularity measuring module further comprises a PCB provided with a communication interface, a power module, a communication module and a micro-processing module and a switch for controlling the working state of the hole perpendicularity measuring module; the two-dimensional position sensor is embedded on the PCB and connected to the circuit in the PCB, and the micro-processing module is respectively connected with the two-dimensional position sensor, the communication interface, the power module, the communication module and the switch; the power module is externally connected or internally provided with a storage battery and is respectively connected with the micro-processing module, the two-dimensional position sensor and the point light source for power supply; the inner cavity of the shell is provided with a step for installing the PCB.
Further, the hole perpendicularity measuring module further comprises a display mounted on the housing; the display is communicated with the micro-processing module through the communication interface and is used for visually displaying the measured data of the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured.
Secondly, the invention provides a hole perpendicularity measuring method based on the two-dimensional position sensor, and the hole perpendicularity is measured by adopting the measuring device.
The measuring method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, calibrating the measuring device by using a standard hole;
inserting a double-layer spring sleeve assembly of a hole shaft positioning module into a standard hole, enabling a plane normal positioning module to be in contact with a wall plate of a plane where the standard hole is located, then opening a point light source, enabling a linear light beam emitted by the point light source to form a light spot on a two-dimensional position sensor, and setting the position where the light spot is located as a zero point;
step 2, measuring the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured;
Inserting a double-layer spring sleeve assembly of the hole shaft positioning module into a hole to be measured, and obtaining a measurement result output by the hole perpendicularity measuring module after a device to be measured is stable;
and step 3, judging whether the perpendicularity of the hole is qualified or not according to the set threshold value and the measurement result actually obtained in the step 2.
Further, the processing requirements of the standard hole for calibration and the hole to be measured are the same, and the double-layer spring sleeve assembly meeting the following conditions is selected according to the aperture of the hole to be measured during measurement: in a natural state, the outer spring sleeve and the inner spring sleeve are in clearance fit, and the relation between the outer diameter of the outer spring sleeve and the inner diameter of the hole to be measured meets interference fit; when the double-layer spring sleeve assembly stretches into the hole to be measured, the outer-layer spring sleeve and the inner-layer spring sleeve are folded towards the conical measuring head of the conical mandrel in sequence and can be tightly attached to each other in sequence.
The invention has the following beneficial effects.
(1) According to the measuring device provided by the invention, the spherical bearing, the point light source and the two-dimensional position sensor which are matched are utilized to convert the deviation of the perpendicularity of the hole into the plane displacement of the two-dimensional position sensor, so that compared with the measuring device adopting a plurality of displacement meters, the cost and the volume of the measuring device are obviously reduced, and the portable measurement of the perpendicularity of the hole is truly realized.
(2) According to the measuring device provided by the invention, the double-layer spring sleeve assembly is arranged on the conical measuring head of the conical mandrel to position the central shaft of the hole to be measured, so that the problem that the single-layer spring sleeve structure is easy to self-lock when extending into the hole to be measured is solved, the conical measuring head is not only facilitated to be inserted into the hole to be measured to position the shaft hole, but also facilitated to be pulled out to withdraw the hole, the smoothness of the measuring operation is ensured, and the high-efficiency and accurate positioning of the hole shaft is facilitated.
(3) According to the measuring device provided by the invention, the outer spring sleeve of the double-layer spring sleeve assembly can axially move outside the inner spring sleeve, and the conical structure of the conical measuring head is matched, so that the change of the insertion amount of the conical mandrel caused by the change of the aperture of the hole to be measured can be compensated in a small range, and the hole perpendicularity measurement of different aperture tolerances is realized.
(4) According to the measuring device provided by the invention, the hole verticality measuring module is provided with the display, so that the measuring result can be visually displayed, and the measuring device can be widely applied to the assembly site of an aircraft structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the measuring device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the measuring device according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a measuring device according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the vertical distance from the center of a spherical bearing to the photosensitive surface of a two-dimensional position sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional position sensor detecting the offset of the light spot position relative to the zero point in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of using the display to present the offset position of the light spot on the two-dimensional position sensor.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the outer spring housing, the inner spring housing, and the conical measuring head when the measuring head of the measuring device of the present invention is ready to be inserted into a hole to be measured.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the outer spring housing, the inner spring housing, and the conical measuring head at the initial stage of inserting the measuring head into the hole to be measured.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the outer spring housing, the inner spring housing, and the conical measuring head when the measuring head of the measuring device of the present invention is completely inserted into the hole to be measured.
D, a hole to be measured;
1. a housing;
2. A hole verticality measuring module; 201. a two-dimensional position sensor; 202. a PCB board; 203. a display;
3. A plane normal positioning module; 301. spherical bearings, 302, bearing mounts; 303. a bearing retainer ring; 304. a contact pin; 301a, a bearing inner ring; 301b, bearing outer ring;
4. A hole axis positioning module; 401. a double layer spring sleeve assembly; 402. a conical mandrel; 403. a stop pin; 404. a light source holder; 405. a point light source; 406. a linear light beam; 401a, outer spring housing; 401b, inner spring sleeves; 402a, a conical measuring head.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a worker of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, are within the protection scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; or may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1:
The embodiment provides a hole verticality measuring device based on a two-dimensional position sensor, which comprises a shell 1, a hole verticality measuring module 2, a plane normal positioning module 3 and a hole shaft positioning module 4 as shown in fig. 1,2 and 3.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the hole verticality measuring module 2 is configured to feed back the verticality of the hole D to be measured. The hole perpendicularity measuring module 2 comprises a two-dimensional position sensor 201.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the plane normal positioning module 3 is mounted on the housing 1 and is used for positioning the plane normal direction of the hole D to be measured. The hole shaft positioning module 4 is used for positioning the center line of the hole D to be measured. The plane normal positioning module 3 comprises a spherical bearing 301, a bearing mounting seat 302, a bearing retainer ring 303 and three contact pins 304; the spherical bearing 301 is mounted in the bearing mounting seat 302 in a limiting manner through the bearing retainer ring 303, and is indirectly mounted on the shell 1 through the bearing mounting seat 302; the spherical bearing 301 is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the light source holder 404 or the tail end of the conical mandrel 402; three contact pins 304 are mounted on the side of the bearing retainer 303 facing the tapered measuring head 402a of the tapered mandrel 402, and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tapered mandrel 402. The structure of the part is the same as the prior art, so that the description is omitted.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the hole axis positioning module 4 includes a double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401, a conical mandrel 402, a light source holder 404, and a point light source 405, and is used for positioning the hole axis of the hole D to be measured. The "hole axis" herein refers to the central axis of the hole and may also be described as the center line of the hole. The conical measuring head 402a of the conical mandrel 402 is in a conical structure, and after the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 is installed, the measuring head of the whole measuring device is formed and can be inserted into the hole D to be measured. The double-layer spring housing assembly 401 comprises an outer-layer spring housing 401a and an inner-layer spring housing 401b which are in clearance fit, the inner-layer spring housing 401b is detachably mounted on a conical measuring head 402a of a conical mandrel 402, and the outer-layer spring housing 401a is mounted outside the inner-layer spring housing 401b and axially limited. The end of the tapered mandrel 402 remote from the tapered measurement head 402a is the trailing end. The tail end of the conical mandrel 402 and the tail end of the light source holder 404 are connected to form a whole and are mounted together in the plane normal positioning module 3. The working end of the light source holder 404, which is far away from the tail end, is used for mounting a point light source 405, and the emitted linear light beam 406 faces the signal receiving surface of the two-dimensional position sensor 201. The two-dimensional position sensor 201 measures spot position information formed by the dotted line beam 406 for calculating the aperture perpendicularity. The two-dimensional position sensor 201 is a PSD position sensitive detector or a CCD charge coupled device. The point light source 405 is a laser light source, or other common light sources with better directivity.
The central line of the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401, the central line of the conical mandrel 402 and the linear light beam 406 emitted by the point light source 405 are parallel, and the directions of the linear light beam 406 are used for representing the central line of the hole to be measured D through the linear light beam 406 and feeding back the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured D through signals acquired by the two-dimensional position sensor 201. Further, the center line of the double layer spring housing assembly 401, the center line of the tapered mandrel 402, and the direction of the linear beam 406 emitted by the point light source 405 are collinear.
The outer spring sleeve 401a and the inner spring sleeve 401b adopt elastic expansion sleeves or elastic collet chucks or other elastic parts, and can be folded inwards when the opening end is opened in a natural state and is subjected to radial acting force, and can be restored when the acting force is removed.
According to the use problem of actual operation feedback, the technical scheme disclosed in the Chinese invention patent of the patent publication No. CN114659485A is optimally designed, an originally independently arranged axial floating module is deleted, and the structures of the hole shaft positioning module 4 and the hole verticality measuring module 2 are changed. The original three displacement meters are replaced by the combined structure of the point light source 405 and the two-dimensional position sensor 201, so that the number of the sensors is reduced from a plurality of sensors to one, and the overall structure is simplified; the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 is used for replacing the original single-layer spring sleeve structure, and the characteristic that the double-layer spring sleeves can mutually axially move is utilized, so that the problem of easy self-locking in a single-layer conical sleeve inserting hole is solved, and the axial compensation of the measuring head is realized.
Further, when the measuring device is adopted to measure the perpendicularity of the hole, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, calibrating the measuring device by using a standard hole;
Specifically, the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 of the hole axis positioning module 4 is inserted into a standard hole, the plane normal positioning module 3 is contacted with a wall plate of a plane where the standard hole is located, then the point light source 405 is opened, a linear light beam 406 emitted by the point light source 405 forms a light spot on the two-dimensional position sensor 201, and the position where the light spot is located at the moment is set to be zero;
step 2, measuring the perpendicularity of the hole D to be measured;
specifically, the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 of the hole shaft positioning module 4 is inserted into a hole D to be measured, and after the device to be measured is stable, a measurement result output by the hole perpendicularity measuring module 2 is obtained;
and step 3, judging whether the perpendicularity of the hole is qualified or not according to the set threshold value and the measurement result actually obtained in the step 2.
Further, the processing requirements of the standard hole for calibration and the hole to be measured D are the same, and the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 meeting the following conditions is selected according to the aperture of the hole to be measured D during measurement: in a natural state, the outer spring sleeve 401a and the inner spring sleeve 401b are in clearance fit, and the relation between the outer diameter of the outer spring sleeve 401a and the inner diameter of the hole to be measured meets the interference fit; when the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 stretches into the hole D to be measured, the outer-layer spring sleeve 401a and the inner-layer spring sleeve 401b are folded towards the conical measuring head 402a of the conical mandrel 402 in sequence and can be tightly attached to each other in sequence.
When the measuring device is used, the outer spring sleeve 401a with the natural outer diameter slightly larger than the hole D to be measured is selected. Because the conical measuring head 402a of the conical mandrel 402 is of a conical or frustum-shaped structure with a top and a bottom large, the elastic open ends of the outer layer spring sleeve 401a and the inner layer spring sleeve 401b are slightly folded inwards and can extend into the hole D to be measured.
As shown in fig. 7, when the measuring head of the measuring device is ready to be inserted into the hole D to be measured, the outer layer spring housing 401a and the inner layer spring housing 401b are both in a natural state, and at this time, a gap exists between the outer layer spring housing 401a and the inner layer spring housing 401b, and the outer layer spring housing 401a can axially and freely move within the limit range of the stop pin 403 and the boss. As shown in fig. 8, after the elastic open end of the outer spring housing 401a is folded toward the center and stretches into the hole D to be measured, an external force is applied to the measuring device in the direction of the insertion hole, the tapered mandrel 402 drives the inner spring housing 401b mounted on the tapered measuring head 402a to move toward the bottom of the hole together, and under the guidance of the tapered surface structure, the elastic open end of the inner spring housing 401b gradually expands outwards until the inner spring housing 401b is tightly attached to the inner wall of the outer spring housing 401a, and no external force is applied. As shown in fig. 9, when the conical measuring head 402a drives the inner spring housing 401b to expand and cling to the outer spring housing 401a, and the outer spring housing 401a is stably sleeved in the hole D to be measured, the measuring head of the measuring device is already stably inserted into the hole D to be measured, and the central axis of the conical mandrel 402 is collinear with the central axis of the hole D to be measured.
When the measurement is completed and the measuring head of the measuring device is required to be pulled out, external force in the pulling-out direction is applied to the measuring device, the conical mandrel 402 and the inner spring sleeve 401b move outwards firstly, meanwhile, the inner spring sleeve 401b is also slowly separated from the outer spring sleeve 401a, the clearance fit state is gradually restored, and the distance between the boss of the inner spring sleeve 401b and the end face of the outer spring sleeve 401a is gradually shortened. The external force in the pulling-out direction is continuously applied, the boss of the inner layer spring sleeve 401b is contacted with the outer layer spring sleeve 401a and drives the outer layer spring sleeve 401a to be separated from the hole together, so that the problem of self-locking of the single-layer conical spring sleeve is solved. In the process of extracting the measuring head of the measuring device from the hole D to be measured, the positional relationship among the outer layer spring housing 401a, the inner layer spring housing 401b and the conical measuring head 402a is shown in fig. 9, 8 and 7 in sequence, and will not be described again.
Example 2:
In this embodiment, an electronic control system of a measuring device will be described in detail based on embodiment 1.
The two-dimensional position sensor 201 in embodiment 1 may be a single-function product capable of achieving only signal acquisition, or may be an integrated product capable of achieving multiple functions of signal acquisition, data processing, and result display. In this embodiment, taking the two-dimensional position sensor 201 as an example, only the signal acquisition function is implemented, how the whole hole verticality measurement module 2 implements signal acquisition, data processing and result display.
As a specific embodiment, the hole verticality measurement module 2 includes a two-dimensional position sensor 201, a PCB board 202, a switch, a display 203, and a power source.
The two-dimensional position sensor 201 is configured to collect a light spot signal, and is disposed corresponding to the position of the point light source 405.
The PCB 202 is provided with a communication interface, a power module, a communication module and a micro-processing module, and is used for realizing the functions of power control, data processing, communication interaction and the like. Further, the PCB 202 may be provided with only a communication interface, and the communication interface is used to connect with the power module, the communication module, the micro-processing module, and the two-dimensional position sensor 201, and send the data collected by the two-dimensional position sensor 201 to the micro-processing module.
The power supply is used for directly or indirectly supplying power to the two-dimensional position sensor 201, the micro-processing module of the PCB 202, the display 203, the point light source 405 and other power utilization modules in the measuring device. Further, the power supply module can adopt a built-in power supply or an external power supply; of course, for practical reasons, batteries that are easy to replace and to use repeatedly are often used for power.
The switch is used for controlling the working state of the hole perpendicularity measuring module 2, and is opened when in use and closed when not in use. The switch may be a physical switch provided on the housing 1 or a virtual switch provided through the touch display 203, as long as the operation state control of the measuring device is possible.
The display 203 is in communication with the micro-processing module through a communication interface, and is used for visually displaying measurement data of the perpendicularity of the hole D to be measured. Further, the display 203 is provided on the housing 1, and directly displays the measurement result. To facilitate access to the hole perpendicularity measurement, the display 203 is typically positioned at the mid-rear or tail end face plane of the measurement device away from the measurement head. Further, the display 203 is a touch-sensitive display, and an operator can perform operations such as "measurement", "holding", "cancel" and the like through the touch-sensitive display.
The mounting positions of the two-dimensional position sensor 201, the PCB board 202, and the display 203 are illustrated in fig. 2 and 3. The display 203 is not shown in fig. 4 and 5, and only the two-dimensional position sensor 201 and the mounting position of the PCB board 202 are shown. The light spot information collection can be realized by only ensuring that the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional position sensor 201 faces the emitting direction of the point light source 405, and the mounting mode and the mounting position of other devices in the hole perpendicularity measuring module 2 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, which is not an innovation point of the invention and is not repeated.
In another embodiment, the photosurface of the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is parallel to the plane formed by the tips of the three contact pins 304. Because the specific calculation process of the hole perpendicularity is determined by the geometric relationship, the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is arranged in parallel with the plane formed by the top ends of the three contact pins 304, so that the center, the zero point position and the light spot position of the spherical bearing 301 can form a right triangle when the deviation angle exists in the hole perpendicularity, and the calculation process of the hole perpendicularity is simplified.
The embodiment is only for illustrating a specific implementation manner of the electric control part of the measuring device, and the data processing, the communication interaction, the switch control and the power supply are all in the prior art, which is not an improvement point of the embodiment, and therefore will not be described in detail.
In another embodiment, if the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is a multifunctional integrated product, the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is mounted in the inner cavity of the housing 1 by using the mounting structure of the product. If the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is a single-function product and is used together with the PCB 202, the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is connected to an in-board circuit of the PCB 202, and the two-dimensional position sensor 201 and the PCB 202 are fixed together in the inner cavity of the housing 1 by using a part of the periphery of the PCB 202, where no circuit is arranged, to be provided with mounting holes.
Other portions of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and thus will not be described in detail.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, a laser emitter is used as the point light source 405, and a measuring device with a specific structure and a method for using the same are provided on the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
The measuring device in this embodiment includes an outer spring housing 401a, an inner spring housing 401b, a tapered mandrel 402, a stop pin 403, a contact pin 304, a bearing retainer 303, a bearing mount 302, a spherical bearing 301, a light source holder 404, a housing 1, a laser transmitter, a two-dimensional position sensor 201, a PCB board 202, a signal processor, and a display 203.
The inner spring housing 401b is secured to the tapered mandrel 402 by a retaining pin 403, and the outer spring housing 401a is fitted over the inner spring housing 401b with a gap therebetween. The outer spring pocket 401a, the inner spring pocket 401b, and the tapered mandrel 402 together comprise a double-layer spring pocket assembly 401 mounted at the tapered measuring head 402a of the tapered mandrel 402 for defining the bore axis. The tapered mandrel 402 and the light source holder 404 are integrally screwed together and fixedly mounted on the bearing inner race 301a. The bearing outer race 301b is mounted on the bearing mount 302 and the axial movement of the spherical bearing 301 in the bearing mount 302 is restricted by a bearing retainer 303. The bearing mount 302 is screw-fitted to the housing 1. The laser transmitter is mounted as a point source 405 on the source holder 404 with the beam emitted by the laser transmitter being coaxial with the bore axis.
Three contact pins 304 in the plane normal positioning module 3 are mounted on the bearing retainer ring 303 and are used for determining the plane of the hole D to be measured. The deviation between the normal plane determined by the three contact pins 304 and the hole axis determined by the hole axis positioning module 4 is the perpendicularity of the hole.
The two-dimensional position sensor 201 and the PCB 202 are fixed on the steps of the inner cavity of the shell 1. The two-dimensional position sensor 201 collects the spot position information and sends the spot position information to the signal processor, and the signal processor calculates the perpendicularity of the hole according to the distance of the spot position from the zero position and the perpendicular distance between the spherical center of the spherical bearing 301 and the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional position sensor 201. Further, the signal processor can also judge whether the hole verticality is qualified according to a preset threshold value and an actually obtained measurement result. The measurement result and the judgment result are sent to the display 203 to be displayed.
The specific method of using the measuring device according to this embodiment will be described below.
Step 1: and calibrating the measuring device by using a standard hole. In this step, the measuring head of the double-layer spring housing assembly 401 is inserted into the standard hole, and the three contact pins 304 are contacted with the wall plate, so that the laser transmitter emits a light beam and forms a light spot on the two-dimensional position sensor 201, and the position of the light spot is set as a zero point.
Step 2: and measuring the perpendicularity of the hole D to be measured. In this step, the measuring head of the double-layer spring sleeve assembly 401 is inserted into the hole D to be measured, after the device to be measured is stable, the measuring button at the tail of the measuring device is pressed to measure, and the measurement result is read on the display 203.
Step 3: and judging whether the perpendicularity of the hole is qualified or not according to the measurement result. As shown in fig. 5, the vertical distance between the center of the spherical bearing 301 and the photosensitive surface of the two-dimensional position sensor 201 is L, that is, the distance between the center of the spherical bearing 301 and the zero point is L; as shown in fig. 6, the spot displacement measured by the two-dimensional position sensor 201 isI.e. the distance between the zero position and the spot position is；
The hole perpendicularity is calculated as θ according to:
when theta is less than or equal to thetat, the perpendicularity of the hole D to be measured is qualified; when theta is larger than thetat, the perpendicularity of the hole D to be measured is out of tolerance; where θt is a preset threshold, typically θt=0.5°.
As shown in fig. 6, the left side of the figure is the interface of the display 203, presenting the position of the spot in zero coordinates; the right side of the figure shows the positional relationship of the spherical center, the zero point position, and the spot position of the spherical bearing 301 corresponding thereto in the spatial coordinate system.
Other portions of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, and thus will not be described again.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a hole perpendicularity measuring device based on two-dimensional position sensor, includes shell (1) and is used for feeding back hole perpendicularity measuring module (2) of hole (D) perpendicularity to be measured, is used for locating the plane normal direction positioning module (3) of the plane normal direction that hole (D) is located, is used for locating hole axle positioning module (4) of hole (D) central line to be measured, plane normal direction positioning module (3) is installed on shell (1), characterized in that, hole perpendicularity measuring module (2) are including installing two-dimensional position sensor (201) at shell (1) inner chamber; the hole shaft positioning module (4) comprises a double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401), a conical mandrel (402), a light source clamp holder (404) and a point light source (405); the tail end of the light source clamp holder (404) is connected with the tail end of the conical mandrel (402) into a whole and is arranged in the plane normal positioning module (3);
The double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401) comprises an outer-layer spring sleeve (401 a) and an inner-layer spring sleeve (401 b) which are in clearance fit, the inner-layer spring sleeve (401 b) is detachably arranged on a conical measuring head (402 a) of a conical mandrel (402), and the outer-layer spring sleeve (401 a) is arranged outside the inner-layer spring sleeve (401 b) and axially limited; the point light source (405) is arranged at the working end of the light source clamp (404), and the emitted linear light beam (406) faces the signal receiving surface of the two-dimensional position sensor (201);
The plane normal positioning module (3) comprises a spherical bearing (301), a bearing mounting seat (302), a bearing retainer ring (303) and three contact pins (304); the spherical bearing (301) is mounted in the bearing mounting seat (302) in a limiting mode through the bearing retainer ring (303), and is indirectly mounted on the shell (1) through the bearing mounting seat (302); the spherical bearing (301) is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the light source clamp holder (404) or the tail end of the conical mandrel (402); three contact pins (304) are arranged on one side of the bearing retainer ring (303) facing the conical measuring head (402 a) of the conical mandrel (402) and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the conical mandrel (402);
the center line of the double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401), the center line of the conical mandrel (402) and the direction of the linear light beam (406) emitted by the point light source (405) are parallel, and the linear light beam (406) is used for representing the center line of the hole to be measured (D) and feeding back the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured (D) through signals acquired by the two-dimensional position sensor (201).
2. Hole perpendicularity measuring device based on a two-dimensional position sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the two-dimensional position sensor (201) is a PSD position sensitive detector or a CCD charge coupled device.
3. The hole perpendicularity measuring device based on a two-dimensional position sensor according to claim 1, wherein the point light source (405) is a laser light source.
4. The hole perpendicularity measuring device based on the two-dimensional position sensor according to claim 1, wherein one end of the inner layer spring sleeve (401 b) is mounted on a conical measuring head (402 a) of a conical mandrel (402) in a locking manner through a stop pin (403), and a boss is arranged at the other end of the inner layer spring sleeve (401 b); the outer layer spring sleeve (401 a) is sleeved on the inner layer spring sleeve (401 b), and the axial movement is limited by the stop pin (403) and the boss.
5. The two-dimensional position sensor-based hole perpendicularity measuring device according to claim 4, wherein one end of the outer spring housing (401 a) close to the stop pin (403) is provided with a protruding edge.
6. The hole perpendicularity measuring device based on the two-dimensional position sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hole perpendicularity measuring module (2) further comprises a PCB (202) provided with a communication interface, a power supply module, a communication module and a micro-processing module, and a switch for controlling the working state of the hole perpendicularity measuring module (2); the two-dimensional position sensor (201) is embedded on the PCB (202) and is connected with an on-board circuit, and the micro-processing module is respectively connected with the two-dimensional position sensor (201), the communication interface, the power supply module, the communication module and the switch; the power module is externally connected or internally provided with a storage battery, and is respectively connected with the micro-processing module, the two-dimensional position sensor (201) and the point light source (405) for supplying power; the inner cavity of the shell (1) is provided with a step for installing the PCB (202).
7. A two-dimensional position sensor based hole perpendicularity measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that the hole perpendicularity measuring module (2) further comprises a display (203) mounted on the housing (1); the display (203) is communicated with the micro-processing module through a communication interface and is used for visually displaying the measurement data of the perpendicularity of the hole (D) to be measured.
8. Hole perpendicularity measuring method based on a two-dimensional position sensor, which adopts the measuring device according to any one of claims 1-7 to measure the hole perpendicularity, characterized in that the measuring method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, calibrating the measuring device by using a standard hole;
Specifically, a double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401) of a hole shaft positioning module (4) is inserted into a standard hole, a plane normal positioning module (3) is contacted with a wall plate of a plane where the standard hole is located, then a point light source (405) is opened, a linear light beam (406) emitted by the point light source (405) forms a light spot on a two-dimensional position sensor (201), and the position where the light spot is located at the moment is set to be zero;
step 2, measuring the hole verticality of the hole (D) to be measured;
Specifically, a double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401) of a hole shaft positioning module (4) is inserted into a hole (D) to be measured, and after a device to be measured is stable, a measurement result output by a hole perpendicularity measuring module (2) is obtained;
and step 3, judging whether the perpendicularity of the hole is qualified or not according to the set threshold value and the measurement result actually obtained in the step 2.
9. The two-dimensional position sensor-based hole perpendicularity measuring method according to claim 8, wherein the standard hole for calibration and the hole to be measured (D) have the same processing requirements, and a double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401) meeting the following conditions is selected according to the hole diameter of the hole to be measured (D): in a natural state, the outer spring sleeve (401 a) and the inner spring sleeve (401 b) are in clearance fit, and the relation between the outer diameter of the outer spring sleeve (401 a) and the inner diameter of the hole to be measured meets interference fit; when the double-layer spring sleeve assembly (401) stretches into the hole (D) to be measured, the outer-layer spring sleeve (401 a) and the inner-layer spring sleeve (401 b) are folded towards the conical measuring head (402 a) of the conical mandrel (402) in sequence and can be tightly attached to each other in sequence.
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| AT212789B (en) * | 1959-06-16 | 1961-01-10 | Vyzk A Zkusebni Letecky Ustav | Measuring device in a probe for measuring borehole inclination, in particular for boreholes of small diameter |
| CN106403848A (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2017-02-15 | 邵阳学院 | Single-point laser rotation scanning-based deep hole straightness detection device and detection method |
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| CA2242179C (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 2006-10-03 | Takao Shibayama | Method of, and apparatus for, measuring position of hole |
| CN102840842B (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2016-03-23 | 上海电气核电设备有限公司 | Deep hole verticality laser measurement system and measuring method |
| CN103697837A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 华南理工大学 | Verticality laser detecting system with single-side expansion centring and detecting method thereof |
| CN111473746B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-08-03 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Optical detection method for perpendicularity of nail hole |
| CN114659485B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-20 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Compact high-precision hole perpendicularity measuring device and using method |
| CN116734775B (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-12-08 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Non-contact hole perpendicularity measuring method |
| CN116929251A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-10-24 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Hole perpendicularity detection device and detection method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT212789B (en) * | 1959-06-16 | 1961-01-10 | Vyzk A Zkusebni Letecky Ustav | Measuring device in a probe for measuring borehole inclination, in particular for boreholes of small diameter |
| CN106403848A (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2017-02-15 | 邵阳学院 | Single-point laser rotation scanning-based deep hole straightness detection device and detection method |
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