CN118126531A - Conductive and low-pollution simulation material for endoscopic surgery training and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of biological simulation materials, and specifically discloses a conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training and a preparation method thereof. A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2.9-3.9 parts of hydrophilic colloid; 0.4-0.6 parts of leavening agent; 0.05-0.15 parts of cross-linking agent; 0.2-0.25 parts of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; 65 parts of water; the hydrophilic colloid is a mixture of gelatin and carrageenan. A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training in the present application can be used in robotic surgery training to replace traditional materials such as silica gel and animal organs. It has the advantages of being conductive, having a hardness close to that of human tissue, and not causing surgical pollution; in addition, the preparation method of the present application has the advantages of fewer steps, being simple and efficient, and being conducive to the industrialized large-scale preparation of simulation materials.

Description

A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training and a preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The present application relates to the technical field of biological simulation materials, and more specifically, to a conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

With the increasing clinical application of surgical robots, professional training models required for surgical robot training have become a necessity.

The main models currently used are divided into the following two types:

(1) Silicone material: It is clean, hygienic and will not cause infection. However, silicone material is not conductive and cannot be used for training and operating energy devices in surgical robots.

(ii) Animal organs. Although animal organs can meet the requirements for the operation training of conventional instruments and energy instruments, they are highly contaminated because they carry bacteria and pathogens. They can contaminate surgical robots and cause surgical infections during subsequent human surgeries.

Therefore, the silicone materials, animal organs and other materials used in traditional practical training are not suitable for the current surgical robot training, which requires the training models to be conductive and low-pollution.

Summary of the invention

In order to meet the requirements of conductive and low-pollution materials and to better apply them in surgical robot training, the present application provides a conductive and low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training and a preparation method thereof.

In the first aspect, the present application provides a conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, which adopts the following technical solution:

A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

Hydrophilic colloid 2.9-3.9 parts;

0.4-0.6 parts of leavening agent;

Cross-linking agent 0.05-0.15 parts;

0.2-0.25 parts of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine;

65 parts of water;

The hydrophilic colloid is a mixture of gelatin and carrageenan.

By adopting the above technical solution: by using gelatin and carrageenan as the base material, the prepared simulation material has conductivity, which can be suitable for the training operation of surgical robots in energy equipment. At the same time, it will not carry pathogens, reducing the occurrence of infection problems during human surgery. In addition, the ratio of gelatin and carrageenan can control the hardness of the simulation material. By compounding two different hydrophilic colloids, the hardness of the simulation model can be adjusted to be similar to that of different human tissues as needed.

The addition of a bulking agent gives the simulation material a certain porosity, which is close to the density and strength of human tissues and organs, and can better simulate the impedance and cutting texture of human organ tissues.

Optionally, the weight ratio of gelatin to carrageenan is 2.2:(0.7-1.7).

By adopting the above technical solution: as the amount of carrageenan increases, the hardness of the simulation material will decrease. When the weight ratio of the two is within the above range, the prepared simulation material has a soft texture and is close to the hardness of human soft tissues such as lung lobes, liver, and kidneys.

According to tests, when the dosage of gelatin and carrageenan is within the above range, the compression stress of the prepared simulation material is 0.3-3.4 MPa under 80% compression strain, and the material is soft and easy to cut.

Optionally, the leavening agent is sodium bicarbonate or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.

By adopting the above technical solution: sodium bicarbonate is added as a leavening agent to create gaps, and the porosity of the simulation material is controlled by controlling the amount of sodium bicarbonate, and the density and strength of the material are controlled.

Optionally, the cross-linking agent is ammonium persulfate or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.

By adopting the above technical solution: the above substances can all be used as cross-linking agents in the simulation material of the present application, among which ammonium persulfate has a better effect.

Optionally, the simulation material further comprises the following components in parts by weight:

2.0-2.2 parts of solvent;

3.5-4.0 parts of binder;

Antioxidant 0.04-0.06 parts.

By adopting the above technical solution: the performance of the simulation material containing the above components is better, the dispersion between the components is more uniform, the overall effect is better, and it is soft and easy to cut. According to the test, the compressive stress of the material at 80% of the compression strain is only 0.2-3.2MPa, and the hardness is close to that of human tissue.

Optionally, the dissolving agent is N-isopropylacrylamide.

By adopting the above technical solution: adding N-isopropylacrylamide as a solvent, the components are dissolved and dispersed evenly, thereby improving the performance of the prepared simulation material.

Optionally, the binder is acrylamide or hydroxymethyl cellulose.

Optionally, the antioxidant is gallic acid or potassium sorbate.

By adopting the above technical solution: gallic acid and potassium sorbate both have excellent antioxidant properties, are non-toxic, and will not pollute the simulation material.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, using the following technical solution:

A method for preparing a conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training comprises the following steps:

S1, divide the water into three parts, add the hydrophilic colloid to the first part of the water, heat it up and stir to mix, then add the dissolving agent, the binding agent and the leavening agent, and mix to obtain the mixed solution A;

S2, adding a cross-linking agent to the second portion of water, mixing to obtain a mixed solution B;

S3, adding N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine to the third portion of water, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution C;

S4, blending the mixed solutions A, B, and C, adding an antioxidant, and mixing to obtain a hydrogel solution;

S5, immersing the mold in the hydrogel solution, squeezing the mold to absorb the hydrogel solution, taking out the mold, curing, and demoulding to obtain the product.

By adopting the above technical solution: the process steps are fewer, simple and efficient, which is conducive to the industrial large-scale preparation of simulation materials. The simulation materials have a certain porosity, are soft and can be cut, and the material is conductive and low in pollution, which can be better used in the training of surgical robots.

In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

1. This application uses gelatin and carrageenan as the base material, which give the material conductivity that simulates the human body. By adjusting the ratio of the two, the simulation material can be made to have a hardness similar to that of different human tissues. Compared with animal organs, it has low pollution and will not cause surgical pollution. By adding a bulking agent, the density of the model is adjusted to be similar to that of human tissue, which can be better used as a training model for surgical robots.

2. This application controls the amount of gelatin, carrageenan and leavening agent to make the hardness and density of the simulated material close to human tissue, so as to provide a more realistic human body environment for the robot;

2. The method of the present application has fewer process steps, is simple and efficient, and is conducive to the industrial scale-up of the preparation of simulation models. The hardness of the simulation model is similar to that of the human body, and is better used for simulation training of surgical robots.

Detailed ways

The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. In order to meet the requirements of conductive and low-pollution materials and to better apply them to surgical robot training, the present application provides a conductive and low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 2.9-3.9 parts of hydrophilic colloid; 0.4-0.6 parts of leavening agent; 0.05-0.15 parts of cross-linking agent; 0.2-0.25 parts of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; 65 parts of water; the hydrophilic colloid is a mixture of gelatin and carrageenan, and the weight ratio of gelatin to carrageenan is 2.2:(0.7-1.7).

This application uses gelatin and carrageenan as base materials, and controls the hardness of the material to be close to human tissue by controlling the ratio of gelatin and carrageenan; compounding the leavening agent and controlling the porosity of the material make the density and mechanical properties close to human tissue; in summary, the simulation material is close to human tissue, which can better simulate the impedance and cutting texture of human organ tissue.

Among them, the sources of each component are as follows, and the others are commercially available: gelatin was purchased from Shenzhen Love Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model number 20200510;

Carrageenan was obtained from Shaanxi Rankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model 0-39-78;

N-isopropylacrylamide was obtained from Shandong Liang New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., model LA6529;

Gallic acid was obtained from Shaanxi Bolin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., model number BL20220429008;

N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide, purchased from Shandong Xinghai Chemical Co., Ltd., model number XH-05;

Hydroxymethylcellulose was obtained from Shandong Mingjiang Chemical Co., Ltd., 684954;

Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate Hubei Xinyuhong Biopharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., 7758-16-9;

Potassium sorbate was obtained from Jiangsu Jiujia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number 20210423;

The polyurethane foam was obtained from Langfang Chenhao Chemical Building Materials Co., Ltd. and is a two-component product.

Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2

A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, the components and their corresponding weights are shown in Table 1, and the material is prepared by the following steps:

S1. Divide the water into three parts, add hydrophilic colloid (gelatin, carrageenan) to the first part of water (45 kg), heat to 55° C. and stir for 20 min, then add swelling agent (sodium bicarbonate), stir for 3 min to obtain mixed solution A;

S2, adding a crosslinking agent (ammonium persulfate) to the second portion of water (10 kg), stirring and mixing in a conventional manner to obtain a mixed solution B;

S3, adding N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine to the third portion of water (10 kg), stirring and mixing in a conventional manner to obtain a mixed solution C;

S4, blending the mixed solutions A, B, and C, stirring and mixing at a rotation speed of 250 rpm for 60 minutes to obtain a hydrogel solution; S5, immersing the mold in the hydrogel solution, squeezing the mold to absorb the hydrogel solution so that the hydrogel is fully absorbed into the mold, taking out the mold and standing it at 25°C for 3 hours to solidify, and demolding to obtain the product.

The mold is obtained by mixing 20g of component A and 10g of component B of polyurethane foam and then foaming and molding.

Table 1 Components and their weights in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 (kg)

Comparative Example 3

A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, which differs from Example 2 in that carrageenan and sodium bicarbonate are not added.

Example 4

A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, which differs from Example 2 in that the use of the cross-linking agent is different, and an equal amount of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide is used instead of ammonium persulfate;

The adhesive used was different, with an equal amount of hydroxymethylcellulose used instead of acrylamide;

The use of leavening agents was different, with an equal amount of disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate used instead of sodium bicarbonate;

The antioxidants were used differently, with an equal amount of potassium sorbate used in place of gallic acid.

Embodiment 5-7

A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, the components and their corresponding weights are shown in Table 2, and the material is prepared by the following steps:

S1. Divide the water into three parts, add hydrophilic colloid (gelatin, carrageenan) to the first part of water (45 kg), heat to 55° C. and stir for 20 min, then add dissolving agent (N-isopropylacrylamide), binder (acrylamide), and swelling agent (sodium bicarbonate), stir for 3 min to obtain mixed solution A;

S2, adding a crosslinking agent (ammonium persulfate) to the second portion of water (10 kg), stirring and mixing in a conventional manner to obtain a mixed solution B;

S3, adding N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine to the third portion of water (10 kg), stirring and mixing in a conventional manner to obtain a mixed solution C;

S4, blending the mixed solutions A, B, and C, adding an antioxidant (gallic acid), stirring and mixing at a speed of 250 rpm for 60 min to obtain a hydrogel solution;

S5. Immerse the mold in the hydrogel solution, squeeze the mold to absorb the hydrogel solution, so that the hydrogel is fully absorbed into the mold, take out the mold and let it stand at 25° C. for 3 hours to solidify, and demold.

The mold is obtained by mixing 20g of component A and 10g of component B of polyurethane foam and then foaming and molding.

Table 2 Components and weights in Examples 5-7 (kg)

Performance Testing

For the simulation materials prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples, samples were prepared according to GB/T 528-2009, and the compressive stress of the samples under different compressive strains was tested:

The sample was mounted on the test bench and pressure was applied using a multifunctional tensile compressor to cause pressure deformation of the sample. The magnitude of the applied force and the strain value of the sample were monitored at the same time. The compressive stress when the sample produced 80%, 90%, and 100% compression deformation was recorded. The test results are recorded in Table 3.

Table 3 Performance test results

Refer to Table 1, and compare Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-2, and 3:

The simulated materials prepared in Examples 1-7 control the ratio of gelatin to carrageenan and add a leavening agent to control the porosity of the material, so that the compressive stress of the prepared materials during compression deformation is small, indicating that the material is soft and easy to cut.

The difference between Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 2 is that when the ratio of carrageenan to gelatin is changed, it is found that as the carrageenan content decreases, the compressive stress of the prepared simulation material increases significantly. This indicates that when the amount of carrageenan is outside the range of Examples 1-3, the hardness of the prepared simulation material is too large or too small, and the difference from human tissue is too large, and it is not suitable for surgical robot training.

The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 is that carrageenan and sodium bicarbonate (leavening agent) are not added during the preparation of the simulation material, and the compressive stress of the prepared material is significantly increased, which is too different from human tissue and is not suitable for surgical robot training.

Referring to Table 1, a comparison is made between Example 2 and Example 4:

The difference between Example 4 and Example 2 is that an equal amount of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide is used instead of ammonium persulfate, the material performance decreases, and the hardness is slightly improved.

This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed. However, as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present application, it shall be protected by the patent law.

Claims (9)

1. A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: Hydrophilic colloid 2.9-3.9 parts; 0.4-0.6 parts of leavening agent; Cross-linking agent 0.05-0.15 parts; 0.2-0.25 parts of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine; 65 parts of water; The hydrophilic colloid is a mixture of gelatin and carrageenan. 2. A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of gelatin to carrageenan is 2.2: (0.7-1.7). 3. The conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 1, characterized in that the leavening agent is sodium bicarbonate or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate. 4. A conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross-linking agent is ammonium persulfate or N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. 5. The conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 1, characterized in that the simulation material further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.0-2.2 parts of solvent; 3.5-4.0 parts of binder; Antioxidant 0.04-0.06 parts. 6 . The conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 5 , wherein the solvent is N-isopropylacrylamide. 7. The conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 5, characterized in that the binder is acrylamide or hydroxymethyl cellulose. 8. The conductive, low-pollution simulation material for laparoscopic surgery training according to claim 5, characterized in that the antioxidant is gallic acid or potassium sorbate. 9. A method for preparing the conductive, low-pollution simulation material according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1. Divide the water into three parts, add the hydrophilic colloid to the first part of the water, heat it up and stir to mix, then add the dissolving agent, the binding agent and the leavening agent, and mix to obtain a mixed solution A; S2, adding a cross-linking agent to the second portion of water, mixing to obtain a mixed solution B; S3, adding N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine to the third portion of water, and mixing to obtain a mixed solution C; S4, blending the mixed solutions A, B, and C, adding an antioxidant, and mixing to obtain a hydrogel solution; S5, immersing the mold in the hydrogel solution, squeezing the mold to absorb the hydrogel solution, taking out the mold, curing, and demoulding to obtain.