CN118214115A

CN118214115A - A power supply device

Info

Publication number: CN118214115A
Application number: CN202410305475.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏晓春; 张益军; 金建华; 徐凯; 林旭中; 田汉霖; 郁丹琦; 吴兆顺; 俞永杰; 李宣宸; 杨煦; 黄一甲; 蔡海峰; 赵丹枫; 叶笑朗
Original assignee: Hangzhou Qiantang District Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hangzhou Qiantang District Power Supply Co of State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-03-18
Filing date: 2024-03-18
Publication date: 2024-06-18

Abstract

The disclosure provides a power supply device, which specifically comprises: the battery pack comprises a plurality of switches and a plurality of single batteries, wherein the single batteries are connected through the switches to realize a parallel connection and/or a serial connection between the single batteries; the battery equalization module is used for carrying out minimum solution on an objective function based on a voltage objective of the battery pack to obtain an objective battery which needs to be powered in the battery pack, and a target switch which needs to be closed in the plurality of switches based on position information of the objective battery in the battery pack; and the switch control module is used for closing the target switch and turning off the switches except the target switch in the plurality of switches. By adopting the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the topological structure between the single batteries in the reconstructed battery pack can be realized, so that the power supply equipment can reach the set voltage target.

Description

Power supply equipment

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the field of artificial intelligence, and in particular to the field of battery power equalization and battery charging and discharging. The present disclosure relates specifically to a power supply apparatus.

Background

The power supply emergency power supply is power supply equipment for providing temporary power support for users under emergency situations such as sudden faults or natural disasters of a power system. The functions mainly include the following aspects:

1) Ensure stable power supply: under the emergency situations such as sudden faults or natural disasters of the power system, the power emergency repair emergency power supply can quickly respond to provide emergency power supply for users, so that the stability and reliability of the power supply are ensured, and the influence of power interruption on social production and life is reduced.

2) Quick response rush repair task: the power emergency repair power supply has the characteristics of small capacity, strong mobility, simple operation and the like, can quickly respond to the emergency repair task, quickly enter a disaster site, provides temporary power support for users, and provides powerful support and guarantee for power emergency repair work.

3) Guaranteeing public safety: the electric power rush-repair emergency power supply can provide guarantee for public safety. In an emergency, when disaster events such as fire and earthquake occur, the electric power emergency repair emergency power supply can provide necessary electric power support for rescue work, and public safety is guaranteed.

4) Reliability of the power system is improved: the use of the electric power rush-repair emergency power supply can improve the reliability and stability of the electric power system, reduce the influence of electric power interruption on social production and life, and provide powerful support and guarantee for the sustainable development of the electric power system.

In summary, the power emergency repair emergency power supply plays an important role in emergency situations such as sudden faults or natural disasters of the power system, can provide rapid and effective power support for users, reduces the influence of power interruption on social production and life, and provides guarantee and support for sustainable development of the power system.

The diesel generating set and the gas generating set are used as one of main equipment of the Chinese electric power rush-repair emergency power supply, have the advantages of large capacity, quick starting, high stability and the like, and are widely applied to the field of emergency power supply. However, the following problems still exist in the present diesel generator set and gas generator set as emergency power sources:

1) Environmental protection problem: the use of the diesel generating set and the gas generating set can generate a large amount of pollutants such as waste gas, waste water, waste residue and the like, and has a certain influence on the environment. Along with the improvement of environmental awareness, the environmental protection requirement on emergency power supply is also higher and higher.

2) Fuel reserve problem: diesel generating sets and gas generating sets require a large amount of fuel reserves to ensure long-term operation and emergency use thereof. But the problems of high cost of fuel storage, inconvenient transportation and the like bring certain difficulties to the use and management of emergency power sources.

3) Maintenance management problem: the diesel generating set and the gas generating set are used as emergency power supplies and need to be frequently maintained and maintained so as to ensure the stability and reliability of the diesel generating set and the gas generating set. However, the problems of high maintenance and management cost, long period and the like bring certain difficulties to the use and management of the emergency power supply.

4) Energy efficiency problem: the energy efficiency of the diesel generating set and the gas generating set is low, the utilization efficiency of fuel is low, and the energy consumption and the cost can be increased. This problem is even more pronounced in the case of energy shortage.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure provides a power supply apparatus that can solve at least one of the problems described above.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a power supply apparatus including:

The battery pack comprises a plurality of switches and a plurality of single batteries, wherein the single batteries are connected through the switches to realize a parallel connection and/or a serial connection between the single batteries;

The battery equalization module is used for carrying out minimum solution on an objective function based on a voltage objective of the battery pack to obtain an objective battery which needs to be powered in the battery pack, and a target switch which needs to be closed in the plurality of switches based on position information of the objective battery in the battery pack;

and the switch control module is used for closing the target switch and turning off the switches except the target switch in the plurality of switches.

According to the technology disclosed by the invention, the plurality of battery packs connected in parallel are arranged in the power supply equipment, so that when one battery pack fails, other battery packs can still work normally, and the power supply equipment is ensured not to power down when supplying power to the outside. And determining a switch to be closed and a switch to be turned off based on the position information of the target battery in the battery pack, thereby achieving the aims of automatically cutting off the failed single battery, providing stable output voltage by the battery pack, balancing electric quantity among the single batteries and the like.

It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following specification.

Drawings

The drawings are for a better understanding of the present solution and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Wherein:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a power supply apparatus of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a block diagram of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an underlying equalization strategy of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a top-level equalization strategy of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an iterative algorithm of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a converter of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a power supply apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which include various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, and should be considered as merely exemplary. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness.

In practical application, the core power of the mobile energy storage power supply is a Battery, and a mobile power supply generally comprises 1-2 Battery clusters, each Battery cluster consists of a plurality of Battery cabinets, each Battery cabinet consists of 10-20 Battery boxes, each Battery box consists of serial-parallel Battery monomers, and a high-voltage control box comprises a Battery management system (Battery MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BMS), a main control unit (body control module, BCM) and electrical elements and is used for managing and protecting the running state of the whole Battery cluster. In conventional battery applications, the cells are connected in a fixed series-parallel connection to meet the load requirements for voltage and current/power, but the fixed structure has the following problems:

1) The battery pack is easier to fail, because failure of one battery can cause failure of the whole serial branch, and the reliability is worse as the number of battery cells of the serial branch is increased;

2) The problem of unbalanced batteries is serious, even batteries in the same production line can show differences in internal resistance, capacity and aging characteristics, for example, the capacity of a serial branch depends on the battery with the lowest electric quantity in the branch, and the utilization rate of the battery capacity is greatly influenced;

3) The battery pack cannot provide a stable output voltage, and particularly, the problem is serious in a large-scale battery pack.

To address the uniformity issues of mobile energy storage power supplies, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following solutions to address these issues.

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a power supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 1, the power supply apparatus includes a plurality of battery packs, a battery equalization module, and a switch control module connected in parallel. As shown in fig. 2 or fig. 3, the battery pack includes a plurality of switches and a plurality of unit cells, and the plurality of unit cells are connected through the switches to realize a parallel connection and/or a serial connection between the unit cells. And the battery balancing module is used for carrying out minimum solution on the objective function based on the voltage objective of the battery pack to obtain an objective battery which needs to be powered in the battery pack, and based on the position information of the objective battery in the battery pack, an objective switch which needs to be closed in the plurality of switches. And the switch control module is used for closing the target switch and turning off the switches except the target switch in the plurality of switches.

The power supply device can be applied to a mobile emergency charging scene and provides emergency power supply for various external devices.

Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 2, the batteries are secured in a small cabinet by suitable series-parallel connection of the modular modules. The output of the whole unit is not the voltage after the plurality of battery modules are connected in series, but the voltage is output at the output end (Vbus+, vbus-) after BDC (centralized control unit) conversion and BMS processing. The battery packs are mutually connected in parallel, and when one battery pack fails and stops working, the other battery packs can still work normally, so that the system is ensured not to be powered down, and the reliability of the system is improved.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 3, in the battery pack, a plurality of unit cells (B ₁,B₂,......,B_n-1,B_n) are arranged side by side, the positive electrode of the unit cell is connected with the positive electrode of the emergency power supply device through a first switch (S ₁₁,S₁₂,......,S_1n-1,S_1n), the negative electrode of the unit cell is connected with the negative electrode of the emergency power supply device through a second switch (S ₄₁,S₄₂,......,S_4n-1,S_4n), the negative electrode of a first unit cell of two adjacent unit cells is connected with the positive electrode of the second unit cell through a third switch (S ₃₁,S₃₂,......,S_3n-1,S_3n), and the positive electrode of the first unit cell is connected with the positive electrode of the second unit cell through a fourth switch (S ₂₁,S₂₂,......,S_2n-1). The positive electrode of the 1 st unit cell B ₁ and the positive electrode of the 2 nd unit cell B ₂ in fig. 3 may be directly connected, and the fourth switch is not provided.

In this example, the unit cells in the battery pack may adopt a vertically and horizontally reconfigurable structure. Any single battery can be communicated and shielded in the battery module through the switch, when a battery fault occurs in the intelligent mobile power supply system, the single battery connection structure in the battery pack is reconstructed through a topology reconstruction algorithm, and the aims of improving the flexibility and reliability of the battery pack, maximizing the capacity of the battery pack, eliminating unbalance caused by the difference of battery parameters and the like are fulfilled. The method has the advantages that the better performance of the battery pack is obtained by using fewer switches, the reconstruction algorithm converts the switch configuration problem into the problems of determining the number of modules and the number of battery cells of each module and solving the optimal solution, and the aims of automatically cutting off the fault battery, providing stable output voltage, actively balancing the battery cells and the like can be achieved.

Wherein, the state direction of the reconfigurable battery pack is defined as:

Where i denotes a battery number, n denotes the number of unit batteries in the battery pack, x _i =1 denotes a battery in which the i-th battery is put into operation (power supply is required), and x _i =0 denotes a battery in which the i-th battery is taken out of operation (power supply is not required).

Illustratively, the voltage target of the battery pack described above may include at least one of:

1) Minimizing path voltage differences to suppress circulating currents;

2) Maximizing the number of parallel paths to reduce internal resistance loss;

3) The voltage imbalance between the cells is reduced to maintain the reconfiguration flexibility.

In addition, circuit laws and output voltage constraints can be considered.

Based on the above voltage targets, the design objective function is:

Where M represents the number of voltage targets, and a _j represents the weight coefficient of the objective function f _j corresponding to the jth voltage target.

Taking the above object 1 as an example, it is necessary to minimize the voltage difference between the paths of all the parallel paths of the cells in the battery pack, and therefore, the objective function is designed as:

Where Z represents the number of parallel paths of the cells in the battery pack, u _z represents the voltage of the Z-th path in the Z paths, and u _avg represents the average voltage of the Z paths.

Taking the 3 rd objective as an example, taking the maintenance of the reconstruction flexibility as an objective, the battery with higher voltage needs to be selected preferentially, the voltage imbalance in the battery pack is reduced, the number of the batteries capable of continuously running is maintained, and the design objective function is as follows:

Where u _avg represents the average voltage of the Z paths, and u _min represents the minimum voltage among the voltages of the Z paths.

In one embodiment, the two exemplary objective functions are combined to obtain the final design objective function as:

where minF denotes minimizing the objective function, and a ₁ and a ₂ denote weight coefficients.

For the constraint of the objective function, it may be: in the running process of the battery pack, the voltages of all parallel paths must meet the output voltage range constraint, all path currents must meet the current range constraint to avoid overcurrent, and the battery discharge cut-off voltage must be set to avoid the loss of deep discharge to the battery. In the aspect of a path optimization strategy for connection between single batteries in a battery pack, the embodiment of the disclosure can build a reconfigurable battery pack model from a simulation angle, and detailed research and preferential selection are performed on comparison of GS, GA, BPSO algorithm in reconfigurable structure optimization. In general, the GS algorithm is the most straightforward method to solve the NP-Hard problem and does not fall into a locally optimal solution, which is a conventional solution. The binary coding feature of the GA algorithm is well suited for reconfigurable batteries, and can greatly reduce run time by eliminating the coding step. BPSO is a classical swarm intelligent optimization algorithm widely used in various fields. And meanwhile, the influence of the number of batteries and the output voltage range on the convergence speed is compared.

In order to ensure safe and reliable operation of power supply equipment and to facilitate integration and maintenance of a system, in the equipment, a battery pack is designed in a modularized mode, single batteries are connected in parallel and in series according to a design scheme to form the battery pack, and flexible and combined modes are performed according to different capacity and voltage requirements so as to facilitate capacity expansion of the system.

In view of the consistency and reliability of the batteries in the power supply device, the embodiment of the disclosure will research the consistency of the batteries from another angle, namely, designing a battery balancing technology, including the two aspects of balancing the bottom layers of the single batteries and balancing the top layers of the battery pack, so as to ensure the system stability of the battery device through the balancing technology.

For example, each battery pack may be equipped with a non-isolated DC-DC, with the switch array coordinating energy balancing among the battery packs, thereby extending the life of the energy storage battery.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, the unit cells in the battery pack are arranged side by side. When the residual electric quantity SOC of two non-parallel adjacent single batteries in the battery pack is inconsistent, the electric quantity equalization is carried out on the two non-adjacent single batteries, and the energy equalization is not needed to be carried out on the middle single battery which is arranged between the two single batteries, so that the energy loss can be reduced, and the equalization time is shortened. In order to enable the topological structure in the battery pack to further improve the equalization efficiency of the battery pack and shorten the equalization time, a corresponding electric quantity equalization strategy is designed. The parallel equalization device can realize equalization of electric quantity between adjacent single batteries, equalization of electric quantity between non-adjacent single batteries and equalization of multiple pairs of single batteries simultaneously.

The above-described underlying equalization strategy may be applied to a battery equalization module. The underlying equalization strategy will be described as follows:

In one embodiment, the battery equalization module may also be used to:

Under the condition that a difference value between the residual electric quantity in the battery pack and the average residual electric quantity of the single batteries in the battery pack is larger than a first electric quantity threshold value, determining a third single battery with the largest residual electric quantity and a fourth single battery with the smallest residual electric quantity in the battery pack based on the residual electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack;

and under the condition that a switch between the third single battery and the fourth single battery is not turned off, determining that the electric quantity of the third single battery is unbalanced with the electric quantity of the fourth single battery, and balancing the electric quantity of the third single battery and the electric quantity of the fourth single battery.

It should be noted that the above steps may be performed in a cyclic manner until the difference between the average residual amounts of each unit cell in the battery pack and the unit cells in the battery pack is less than the first power threshold, and the bottom layer equalization operation is stopped for the battery pack.

Under the condition that a switch between the third single battery and the fourth single battery is turned off, the electric quantity of the third single battery and the electric quantity of the fourth single battery are determined to be balanced, the electric quantity between the third single battery and the fourth single battery is not balanced, and the previous step is continuously executed.

After each time of balancing the electric quantity, the residual electric quantity of the balanced third single battery and fourth single battery needs to be recalculated. Of course, the remaining power of all the unit cells in the battery pack may be recalculated. Then, the above steps are performed in a loop.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of an underlying equalization strategy of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

As shown in fig. 4, the underlying equalization strategy may include the steps of:

1. Estimating the residual capacity of each single battery in the battery pack, wherein the residual capacity of the ith single battery Bi is SOCi, and calculating the average residual capacity of the single batteries in the battery pack to be SOCavg, wherein i=1, 2,3 … n;

2. And finding out the single batteries corresponding to the maximum SOC and the minimum SOC in the battery pack. When the single batteries corresponding to the maximum SOC and the minimum SOC are searched for at the kth time, the single batteries are the single battery corresponding to the kth maximum SOC and the single battery corresponding to the kth minimum SOC respectively; wherein when n is even, k=2, 3 … n/2; k=2, 3 when n is an odd number, (n-1)/2;

3. Judging whether a switch between a single battery corresponding to the kth maximum SOC and a single battery corresponding to the kth minimum SOC is turned off, if so, mutually balancing the single battery corresponding to the kth maximum SOC and the single battery corresponding to the kth minimum SOC, otherwise, determining that the two batteries are unbalanced in electric quantity, and carrying out electric quantity balancing on the single battery corresponding to the kth maximum SOC and the single battery corresponding to the kth minimum SOC;

4. And (3) judging whether the difference between the SOC of each single battery in the battery pack and the average residual electric quantity SOCavg is smaller than delta, if so, ending the bottom layer balancing operation of the battery pack, otherwise, returning to the step (1).

For the top-level equalization strategy described above, it involves mutual equalization between the battery packs. But this strategy does not only equalize the charge between the battery packs, but also between the individual cells in the different battery packs. A top-level balancing module may be provided in the battery balancing module, which is mainly composed of a flyback converter and a control switch matrix. The control switch matrix is used for controlling the on and off of the switches among the battery packs and in the battery packs and is also used for controlling the on and off of the flyback converter switching tube through PWM signals, so that the energy transfer among the battery packs, the battery packs and the single batteries in different battery packs is realized.

For the top-level equalization strategy described above, it can be applied to battery equalization modules. The top-level equalization strategy will be described as follows:

in one embodiment, the battery equalization module is further configured to:

determining the residual electric quantity of each battery pack based on the average residual electric quantity of the single batteries in each battery pack;

In the case that a difference in remaining power between a first battery pack and a second battery pack among the plurality of battery packs is greater than a second power threshold, determining a fifth unit cell having the largest remaining power in the first battery pack, and determining a sixth unit cell having the smallest remaining power in the second battery pack;

And under the condition that the difference value of the residual electric quantity between the fifth single battery and the sixth single battery is larger than the third electric quantity threshold value, balancing the electric quantity of the fifth single battery and the electric quantity of the sixth single battery.

For the above steps, it may be repeatedly performed in a loop until the difference in the remaining capacity between any two battery packs is less than the second capacity threshold.

Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a top-level equalization strategy of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The top-level equalization control strategy flowchart is shown in fig. 5, and specifically is as follows:

1. And estimating the SOC of each single battery in each battery pack to obtain the SOC value of each battery pack. For ease of control, the SOC of the battery pack may be replaced with the average SOC of the cells in the pack.

2. The ith cell corresponding to the maximum SOC in the jth battery pack may be denoted by Bji, and the remaining capacity thereof may be denoted by SOCji. The f-th unit cell corresponding to the minimum SOC in the e-th battery pack may be noted Bef, and the remaining capacity thereof may be noted SOCef. Determining whether the absolute difference between SOCji and SOCef is greater than ε, where j=1, 2, … m, i=1, 2, … n; e=1, 2, … m, f=1, 2, … n, j+.e, m is the number of battery packs and n is the number of cells in the battery pack. If the electric quantity is larger than epsilon, the electric quantity is balanced between Bji and Bef through a top-layer balancing module. Returning to the step 1 after the equalization of the two single batteries is finished; if less than ε, the above-described bottom equalization is performed for each stack.

3. Judging whether the bottom equalization of each battery pack is finished, if so, carrying out the step 4, otherwise, continuing to carry out the bottom equalization of the battery packs;

4. judging whether the absolute difference value of the SOC of the jth battery pack and the SOC of the e battery pack is smaller than alpha, if so, ending equalization, otherwise, performing the step 5;

5. And equalizing the electric quantity between the jth battery pack and the e battery pack. If the SOC of the jth battery pack is larger than that of the e battery pack, the jth battery pack transfers the redundant energy to the e battery pack through the top-layer balancing module, otherwise, the e battery pack transfers the redundant energy to the jth battery pack through the top-layer balancing module;

6. And judging whether the electric quantity equalization between the jth battery pack and the e battery pack is finished. For example, if the absolute difference of the SOC of the jth battery pack and the e battery pack is smaller than α, equalization is ended, otherwise, equalization is continued.

Aiming at the power supply requirement of a portable emergency power supply, the embodiment of the disclosure provides a scheme of multi-mode charging so as to effectively charge the emergency power supply by using multiple modes under different environmental states. When the battery needs to be charged with energy, various modes such as solar charging and automobile charging can be integrated to realize an optimal charging mode. For example, solar panels may be used to charge during daylight hours when the sun is sufficient, while excess electrical energy is stored in the battery. At night or when the solar energy is insufficient, the battery can be rapidly charged by using the automobile charger so as to meet the energy requirement of the battery.

In one embodiment, the power supply apparatus may further include a solar panel connected to the plurality of battery packs, an automobile charger, and a charging mode switching module. Wherein, car charger is used for connecting car battery. The charging mode switching module is used for adopting a first charging mode under the condition that the input power of the solar panel meets a set condition, wherein the first charging mode is to charge a plurality of battery packs by using the solar panel; and under the condition that the input power of the solar panel does not meet the set condition, adopting a second charging mode, wherein the second charging mode is to connect an automobile battery by utilizing an automobile charger so as to charge the plurality of battery packs.

For example, for an automobile charger, it may be provided with a circuit for overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, or the like. In the embodiment of the disclosure, a constant-current and constant-voltage charging mode is adopted, wherein charging current and charging voltage can be realized through a control circuit, and in order to ensure the safety and reliability of charging, the functions of overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection and the like are required to be designed.

In one embodiment, the power supply apparatus may further include a maximum power point tracker MPPT for charging the solar panel based on an MPPT algorithm.

In practical application, when the radiation illuminance and temperature conditions are fixed, the output power of the solar panel in the normal working state has a maximum point, and when the radiation illuminance and temperature conditions are changed, the maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP) is also changed. Aiming at the solar cell panel, the embodiment of the disclosure can select an efficient solar cell panel, and design an improved MPPT charging structure so as to realize the maximum power point tracking and battery charging functions. The module has the functions of charging management, battery state monitoring, overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection and the like. An improved MPPT algorithm based on a microprocessor or an FPGA is adopted, and a charge management chip of an integrated circuit is utilized to manage and control the charge and discharge of the battery. Meanwhile, the state of the battery is monitored, including monitoring parameters such as the voltage, the current and the temperature of the battery, and the functions such as overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection are designed to ensure the safety and the reliability of the battery.

In one embodiment, the charging mode switching module is configured to:

And carrying out iterative learning on the current of the k-1 th charge and the charging mode adopted by the k-1 th charge to obtain the charging mode of the k-1 th charge, wherein k is a positive integer greater than 1.

In this example, automatic switching from the solar charging mode (first charging mode) to the vehicle charging mode (second charging mode) is achieved based on an iteratively learned charging mode switching algorithm. And the charge and discharge control of the battery is realized through the electric quantity control circuit, so that the phenomena of overcharge and overdischarge are avoided. By designing a proper communication interface, the monitoring and control of the system are realized. For example, the system state and charging information are transmitted to a mobile phone or a computer for monitoring and control through a wireless communication mode such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.

Because a large amount of repeated running historical data exists in the charging mode switching module, in the design of the controller, an iterative learning charging mode switching algorithm can be designed by utilizing a very small amount of model information, and a group of proper control input sequences are found, so that the charging mode switching error rate is converged to zero along an iterative axis along with the iteration times in a limited time period, and the influence of random dynamic uncertainty on the charging mode switching stability is overcome. A specific algorithm block diagram may be as shown in fig. 6. The control law based on the adaptive iterative learning mainly comprises two parts: a charge mode switching algorithm and a parameter estimation algorithm.

In an exemplary embodiment, the above iterative learning is performed on the current of the kth-1 charge and the charging mode adopted by the kth-1 charge, so as to obtain the calculation formula adopted by the charging mode of the kth charge as follows:

D_k(t)＝-(α+β_k(t))e_k(t)+D_k-1(t)；

e_k(t)＝A_k(t)-A_r(t)；

Wherein D _k (t) is the current of the kth charge, D _k-1 (t) is the current of the kth-1 charge, α and θ are preset parameters, β _k (t) is the learning gain of the kth iterative learning, β _k-1 (t) is the learning gain of the kth-1 iterative learning, and e _k (t) is the tracking error between the predicted charging pattern a _k (t) obtained by the kth iterative learning and the real charging pattern a _r (t).

The first three formulas are charging mode switching control algorithms, and the second two formulas are parameter estimation algorithms.

For the iterative learning algorithm, which includes a nonlinear feedback term and a parameter estimation term, no prior knowledge of system dynamics and structure is required in the design, so that the iterative learning algorithm is essentially a data-driven model-free control method, only little dynamic information of a charging mode switching system is required to design learning gain, and nonlinear system structure information is not considered at all. In addition, the parameter estimation algorithm is an integral link on an iteration axis, so that the control effect on the iteration axis of the closed-loop system can be effectively improved, and accurate charging mode switching is realized.

The main flow of the charge test analysis of the present disclosure is: the power supply device of the embodiment of the disclosure is adopted to measure and detect the voltage and the current of the battery; then, simulation analysis is performed through two commonly used circuit software, namely MATLAB and MITS Pro, and MATLAB can be used for establishing a circuit model and performing simulation analysis. In the charge test, different charge modes can be simulated by establishing a circuit model and inputting different input signals, and then the waveform and stability of the output signals are analyzed to evaluate the charge effect. MITS Pro is a multifunctional test software based on LabVIEW, and can be used for circuit test and control. In the charging test, MITS Pro may be used to control the charger and charging circuit and to collect input and output signals from the circuit to evaluate the charging effect. MITS Pro also provides some analysis tools, such as oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers, that can be used to further analyze the waveform and spectral characteristics of the charging signal.

In one embodiment, any of the above battery packs may further include a Cuk converter for connecting the plurality of unit cells.

In order to ensure charge balance among all single batteries in the battery pack and switch power input in different charging modes, research on the bottom layer switching technology is also important. The bottom layer switching module mainly comprises a lithium battery module, an intra-group switching circuit and a main controller. Wherein the intra-group switching circuit is mainly composed of 4 Cuk converters shown in fig. 7. The lithium battery in the group is formed by connecting 4 battery models in series, and the lithium battery module is one of key components in the multi-mode charging method, and can combine a plurality of battery monomers together to form a battery group. Cuk converters are an important component in the underlying switching circuit module. The circuit is a non-insulating buck-boost converter, and can realize the charge and discharge of different single batteries in the battery pack. The basic principle is to implement a voltage transformation by switching the states of the capacitance and inductance. As shown in fig. 7, when the switching tube G is turned on, the inductor (L ₁₁,L₂₁,L₁₂,L₂₂) and the capacitor (C ₁₁,C₁₂) are connected in series, and the output voltage (V _out+,V_out-) rises. When the switching tube G is disconnected, the capacitor (C ₁₁,C₁₂) is connected with the load D in parallel, the output voltage (V _out+,V_out-) is reduced, and the magnitude of the output voltage (V _out+,V_out-) can be controlled by controlling the time ratio of on-off of the switching tube G. In the multi-mode charging method, the Cuk converter can realize the safe switching of different charging modes by controlling the magnitude and the direction of voltage and current.

As shown in FIG. 8, the power supply device mainly comprises a DSP/ARM controller, a power supply, a man-machine interaction module, a FLASH/SRAM storage module, a sensor and AD conversion module, a remote communication module and a function implementation circuit. The power supply device can realize the following functions: battery cascading and balancing (the maximization of the capacity of a battery pack is realized by utilizing a topological structure among reconfigurable single batteries, and the electric quantity is controlled in a balanced manner to improve the safety and stability), multiple mode power supplementing (multiple modes such as solar charging, automobile charging and the like are integrated to realize an optimal charging mode), battery management (battery charging and discharging control is realized), flexible access by matching with live working (input can be connected with mains supply or an automobile charging port, a solar panel and the like, output can be connected with mains supply or an emergency load, and the high-voltage power grid is connected through configuration of a step-up transformer), uninterrupted power supply to a power distribution network user, intelligent grid connection, stable and efficient operation of a micro-grid and the like are realized.

(1) And (3) a power supply: the operation voltage of the DSP/ARM controller is generally about 5v, the voltage and frequency of the commercial power are relatively high, and a transformer can be used for converting the commercial power into lower voltage. In this example, the output of the transformer is connected to a voltage stabilizing chip to stabilize the voltage at a constant value. And then, connecting the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit to the power input port of the ARM.

(2) Man-machine interaction: the MCGS configuration screen interface display and man-machine interaction are adopted, and the method has the following characteristics: various information and images can be clearly and accurately displayed by using the high-brightness and high-resolution LCD screen; the user can intuitively observe the running condition and parameter change of the equipment, and is convenient for the user to operate and maintain; by adopting the touch screen technology, a user can perform various operations only by touching the screen, and external devices such as a mouse, a keyboard and the like are not required, so that the operation is convenient and quick; providing a plurality of functions and control options, including functions of data acquisition, display, control, alarm and the like; the system supports various communication protocols and interfaces, and can communicate and exchange data with various devices such as a PLC, a DCS, a sensor and the like; the method has good customizing capability, can carry out personalized customization according to the specific requirements of the clients, and provides a solution more in line with the actual requirements for the clients.

(3) Sensor and AD conversion: the sensor module and the AD conversion module are analyzed and selected, for example, the ACS723 voltage sensor has the characteristics of digital output and integrated resistance, can measure current up to 5A, and is communicated through an I2C or SPI interface, so that the measurement accuracy is high and the reliability is good. Or ACS758, which is a Hall effect based current sensor, does not need to directly contact a circuit or a wire for current measurement, can measure the current from tens of milliamperes to hundreds of amperes, can reach an error range of 1-2% generally, can be used for a plurality of high-precision current measurement applications, has small temperature drift, and is economical and practical. Or DS18B20 is adopted, the temperature measuring precision is up to +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature measuring precision is good in linearity and programmable in resolution, and the temperature measuring precision can be improved by using higher resolution.

(4) FLASH/SRAM memory: FLASH can store large amounts of data and is nonvolatile, and data is not lost after power failure. It is used in embedded system and single chip microcomputer, and features that it stores program code and data in flash memory without need of external memory device; the SRAM is a volatile memory device for storing temporary data, and is characterized in that the reading speed is very high, the SRAM needs to be refreshed periodically to avoid data loss, the SRAM is usually used in a high-speed cache, a register and other application programs needing to be read and written quickly, the SRAM and the register are matched for use, and the SRAM and the register are convenient for a portable emergency repair power battery pack control system to analyze and store data, and the SRAM and the register are combined with an algorithm to make a quick decision.

(5) Remote communication: the data may be transmitted to the remote device via the internet using network communications, such as wide area network communications. The DSP/ARM may implement network communications through an ethernet interface, wiFi module, etc. Data transmission is carried out through TCP/IP protocol, and the transmission distance is long and the transmission speed is high.

(6) DSP/ARM control implementation: aiming at the battery cascading and balancing functions, a DSP/ARM and other processors are used for realizing the electric quantity balancing among adjacent single batteries, the electric quantity balancing among non-adjacent single batteries and a strategy that a plurality of pairs of single batteries are used for carrying out electric quantity balancing at the same time, and balancing control is realized by interaction with a hardware circuit; aiming at the multi-mode charge switching function, obtaining information such as battery state, environment state and the like through equipment such as a sensor and the like, realizing self-adaptive charge control through an algorithm, finding out a group of suitable control input sequences, ensuring that the charge mode switching error rate converges to zero along an iteration axis along with the iteration times in a limited time period, and overcoming the influence of random dynamic uncertainty on the charge mode switching stability; aiming at the charge and discharge module, the monitoring of the battery state is realized by reading the voltage, the temperature and other information of the battery and calculating the SOC of the battery according to the IMDM algorithm of the ARM/DSP processor, and the electric quantity reminding function is set.

(7) Energy storage operation mode and control algorithm thereof under off-grid operation 'uninterrupted power supply' mode: in terms of energy management strategies, the method comprises two parts, namely PCS inner loop control and outer loop control, wherein the outer loop part is based on P-f and Q-U sagging, and three-phase voltage U _o and three-phase current i _o at an energy storage access part are selected to perform power operation and filtering treatment to obtain active power P _bat and reactive power Q _bat at an energy storage output end; in order to balance the SOC states among a plurality of battery clusters in a mobile energy storage power supply system, a reference frequency offset delta f based on the SOC is introduced, and the reference frequency offset delta f is combined with a P-f sagging curve to obtain inversion reference frequencies f ^ref,U^ref and f ^ref, and the inversion reference frequencies f ^ref,U^ref and f ^ref are synthesized through three-phase voltages to provide reference for inner loop control. The inner loop portion will be designed using the three-phase dq transformation principle, the angular frequency of the dq transformation being taken from the access node. Control of the PCS inverter can be accomplished using SPWM waves. Wherein the two-axis component reference value after the three-phase voltage dq conversion is provided by the outer loop control. The improved energy storage sagging control based on the state of charge in the island mode is designed based on the traditional sagging method, so that the output power among a plurality of energy storages can be reasonably distributed, the function of supporting the bus voltage together is realized, meanwhile, the energy storages do not need to communicate with each other, the communication cost is reduced, the plug and play is convenient, and the energy storage sagging control is cut out at any time. In addition, compared with the traditional sagging method, the control method also considers the problem of unbalance of the SOC state values among a plurality of energy storages, and the SOC states among the plurality of energy storages can be balanced by introducing the reference frequency offset based on the SOC, so that the overall working efficiency is improved.

The embodiment of the disclosure designs portable emergency repair power supply equipment, designs a proper power supply system, comprises a battery, a charger, an inverter and the like, and determines the capacity, the voltage and other parameters of the power supply system according to different application scenes so as to ensure the stability and the reliability of the power supply system. The charging technology of the power supply device is studied, including design of a charging controller and formulation of a charging strategy, so as to improve charging efficiency and charging safety. Output power control techniques of power supply devices, including design of inverters and formulation of output power control strategies, are studied to ensure stability and reliability of output power. The design and formulation of safety protection mechanisms of the power supply device, such as battery overcharge, over-discharge protection, overload protection, short-circuit protection and the like are researched to ensure the safety and reliability of the power supply device. The whole structure is designed, and the power supply device meeting the design requirements is manufactured, and the power supply device comprises a shell, wiring and the like so as to meet the application requirements in different scenes.

The power supply device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure comprises the following main modules:

(1) And a battery cascading and balancing module: the module realizes reconfigurable topology through the communication and shielding of the switch in the battery module, thereby achieving the aims of improving the flexibility and reliability of the battery pack, maximizing the capacity of the battery pack, eliminating imbalance caused by the difference of battery parameters and the like. In order to improve the equalization efficiency of the bottom equalization circuit topology structure and shorten the equalization time, an adjacent non-adjacent parallel equalization control strategy is adopted in the module, and the strategy can realize equalization of adjacent single batteries, equalization among non-adjacent single batteries and parallel equalization of multiple pairs of single batteries simultaneously, so that the stability of the system is ensured, and the service life of the energy storage battery is prolonged.

(2) Battery multimode switching module: the module is applied to and effectively charges multiple modes of different environmental states. In the design of the controller, an iterative learning charging mode switching algorithm can be designed by utilizing a very small amount of model information, a group of suitable control input sequences are found, and the charging mode switching error rate is converged to zero along an iteration axis along with the iteration times in a limited time period, so that the influence of random dynamic uncertainty on the charging mode switching stability is overcome. When the battery needs to be charged, the module can integrate a plurality of charging modes so as to realize the optimal charging mode.

(3) And a charging and discharging module: the module estimates the SOC by a method (IMDM) combining a thermoelectric coupling model and an average difference method, researches that the thermoelectric coupling model is applied to the average model, considers the influence caused by the change of the working temperature of the battery pack, monitors the electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack by combining an important battery method, pays attention to two single batteries with the lowest/high residual electric quantity in the battery pack when the battery pack is in a low/high electric quantity state, sets electric quantity reminding, and avoids the problems of overcharging/discharging of the batteries in the battery pack.

(4) And the man-machine interaction module is used for: the project is to adopt an MCGS configuration screen to carry out interface display and man-machine interaction, and different functions are executed for the portable emergency repair power supply device, and the man-machine interaction interface has good interface display, and also has a push-pull type complete machine structure which accords with the national standard, and comprises a waterproof shell, a dragging structure, an insulated wiring and the like, so that the power supply device can be still portable under a complex scene. The human-computer interaction is fully considered for the user experience, the usability and the operability are emphasized, and the executable force of the device is improved.

For descriptions of specific functions and examples of each module and sub-module of the apparatus in the embodiments of the present disclosure, reference may be made to the related descriptions of corresponding steps in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.

In the technical scheme of the disclosure, the acquisition, storage, application and the like of the related user personal information all conform to the regulations of related laws and regulations, and the public sequence is not violated.

Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuit systems, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), systems On Chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs may be executed and/or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a special purpose or general-purpose programmable processor, that may receive data and instructions from, and transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.

Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, causes the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.

In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) by which a user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic input, speech input, or tactile input.

The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a background component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such background, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), and the internet.

The computer system may include a client and a server. The client and server are typically remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server of a distributed system, or a server incorporating a blockchain.

It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps recited in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel, sequentially, or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the disclosed aspects are achieved, and are not limited herein.

The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. that are within the principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A power supply apparatus, characterized by comprising:

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein in the battery pack, the plurality of single cells are arranged side by side, the positive electrode of the single cell is connected with the positive electrode of the emergency power supply apparatus through a first switch, the negative electrode of the single cell is connected with the negative electrode of the emergency power supply apparatus through a second switch, the negative electrode of a first single cell of two adjacent single cells is connected with the positive electrode of a second single cell through a third switch, and the positive electrode of the first single cell is connected with the positive electrode of the second single cell through a fourth switch.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the formula of the objective function is:

Where minF represents minimizing the objective function, a ₁ and a ₂ represent weight coefficients, Z represents the number of paths in parallel of the cells in the battery pack, u _z represents the voltage of the Z-th path in the Z paths, u _avg represents the average voltage of the Z paths, and u _min represents the minimum voltage of the voltages of the Z paths.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the battery equalization module is further configured to:

In the case that a difference value between the remaining capacity of the battery pack and the average remaining capacity of the batteries in the battery pack is larger than a first capacity threshold value, determining a third battery cell with the largest remaining capacity and a fourth battery cell with the smallest remaining capacity in the battery pack based on the remaining capacities of the battery cells in the battery pack;

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the battery equalization module is further configured to:

In the case that a difference in remaining power between a first battery pack and a second battery pack of the plurality of battery packs is greater than a second power threshold, determining a fifth unit cell having the largest remaining power in the first battery pack, and determining a sixth unit cell having the smallest remaining power in the second battery pack;

and under the condition that the difference value of the residual electric quantity between the fifth single battery and the sixth single battery is larger than a third electric quantity threshold value, balancing the electric quantity of the fifth single battery and the electric quantity of the sixth single battery.

6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising:

a solar cell panel connected to the plurality of battery packs;

The automobile charger is used for connecting an automobile battery;

The charging mode switching module is used for adopting a first charging mode when the input power of the solar panel meets a set condition, wherein the first charging mode is to charge the plurality of battery packs by using the solar panel; and under the condition that the input power of the solar panel does not meet the set condition, adopting a second charging mode, wherein the second charging mode is to connect an automobile battery by utilizing the automobile charger so as to charge the plurality of battery packs.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the charging mode switching module is to:

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the iterative learning of the current of the kth-1 charge and the charging pattern employed by the kth-1 charge yields the following calculation formula for the charging pattern of the kth charge:

D_k(t)＝-(α+β_k(t))e_k(t)+D_k-1(t)；

e_k(t)＝A_k(t)-A_r(t)；

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 6-8, further comprising:

And the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is used for charging the solar panel based on an MPPT algorithm.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the battery pack further comprises a Cuk converter connecting the plurality of cells.